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Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Households Involvement in Charcoal Production in Rural Areas of Ziwa Y Dugda Wereda of Arsi Zone

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Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Households Involvement in Charcoal Production in Rural Areas of Ziwa Y Dugda Wereda of Arsi Zone DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS INVOLVEMENT IN CHARCOAL PRODUCTION IN RURAL AREAS OF ZIWA Y DUGDA WEREDA OF ARSI ZONE BY KEBEBE YADETIE THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DEMOGRAPHY AUGUST,2007 ADDIS ABABA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Demographic and Socio-economic Determinants of Households in Charcoal Production in Rural Areas ofZiway Dugda Wereda ofArsi Zone By Kebebe Yadetie Balcha Population Studies and Research Center Institute of Development Research Approved by the Examillillg Board Dr. Assefa Hailemariam Chainnan, Department Graduate Committee Dr. Terefe Degefa Advisor Dr. Samson Kassahun External Examiner Signature Dr. Eshetu Gunnu Internal Examiner Acknowledgements First of all , I would like to extend my si ncere gratitude to my advisor, Dr Terefe Degefa, who generously devoted his ti me and knowledge to keep me in the right way through hi s hospitable guidance and suggestions. With out his valuable comment and generous advice thi s paper could not be completed. My healthful thanks go to Ato Tariku Bayou, Ziway Dugda Wereda Natural Resource Conservation Department Head for hi s kind cooperation in providing valuable in formation and taking me to my study sites by his motorcycle. My special thanks also go to the Oromia Fin ance and Economic Development experts, especiall y Ato Abera Mekonen and Endalu Tadesa for the helps they extended to in making availab le their computer and other materials to me. I would al so like to extend my appreciation to Arsi Zone Finance and Economic Development Office for providing full time to conti nue my education I am grateful to my children, Yerosen Kebebe and Deribe Kebebe who suffered by my absence and al so I am grateful to Mulubirhan Tamena, my wife, who is a bearer of the accountability of our fam il y. Last but not the least, my deepest gratitude extends to Mulatu Jotie and Shifera Degefa for their cooperation in reading materials and making correction. Acronyms ABRDPO Arsi Bale Rural Development Project Office AEC Africa Economic Commission ARDCO Addis Resource Development Company ARDO Agriculture and Rural Development Office AUU Addis Ababa University CDR Crude Density Rate CSA Central Statistic Authority DPPC Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission EPA Environmental Protection authority EPD Environment Protection Department FEDO Finance and Economic Development Office FGDs Focus Group di scussions LRFA Low Return Forest Activities MEDaC Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation NOP National Office of Population OBPED Oromia Bureau Of Planning and Economic Development OSSREA Organization of Social Sciences Research for Eastern Africa SPSS Statistical package for Social Scientists TLUs Tropical Livestock Units ]] TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE A c kn 0 wi e dge m e n ts --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Acronym -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lJ Table 01 Con tent --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111 Lis ts 01 tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI Lists 01 Figures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VlJ A bs tr ac t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Xl CHAPTER ONE INTRO!)(]CTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1. Background of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1. 2. Statement of the Problem -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3. Rationale of the S tudy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.4. Obj ecti ves of the Stud y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.5. Research Hypo th esis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 1.6. Signifi cance of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 I .7. Limitation of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 1.8. Organizations of the Thesis -----------------------------------------------------------------------------6 CHAPTER TWO METHO!)S OF !)ATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS -----------------------------------------7 2. 1. Data Sources-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2.2. Sampling Design for Household Survey --------------------------------------------------------------8 2.3. Sample Size Determination -----------------------------------------------------------------------------9 2.4. Methods of Data Anal ysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 CHAPTER THREE REVIEW OF RELATE!) LITERATURES ON POP(]LATION­ ENVIRONMENT NEX(]S AND DETERMINANTS OF INVOLVEMENT IN CHARCOAL PRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------- 11 3. 1. Population - Enviro nment Nexus --------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 3. 1.1. Linear relati onship Views ---------------------------------------------------------------------- I I 1Il 3. I .2. Rising Views ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 3.2. Determinates ofInvolvement in Charcoal Production -------------------------------------------- 14 3.2. I . Global Perspecti ve----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.2.2. National Perspecti ve -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.3. Anal ytical Framework --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 3.4 Defini tion of Key Tenns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 CHAPTER FOUR BACKG RO UN D 0 F T HE STUDY AREA ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 1 4. I. Physical Features --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4.1.1. Location and Area ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1 4. 1.2. Relief ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4. I .3. Drai nage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 4. I .4. Cli rna t --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 4. I .5. V egetation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.2. Soci 0-Econom i c Profi Ie-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.2. I Popu la ti on ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.2.2. Agri cui ture ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 CHAPTER FIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY POPULATION ------------------------------------------------- 31 5. 1. Demographic Characteristics ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 5.1.1. Household Si ze -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 5. I .2. Age- S tructure --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 5.1 .3. Marital S tatus ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 5.2 S oci 0 - Econom ic Ch aracteri sti cs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 5.2.1 Li teracy Status of the Respondents ---------------------------------------------------------- 34 5.2 .2. Occupation of the Respondents-------------------------------------------------------------- 35 5.2.3. Land Holding Size ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 5.2.4. Off-Farm Acti vi ties --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 5.2.5. Li vestock size and Farm Ox Possession---------------------------------------------------- 39 5.2.6. Modern Farm [npu ts--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1 5.3 .Perceived Deternlinants of Charcoal Production and IV Its En vi ronm en tal I m pact ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 5.3. I Economic Factors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 5.3 .2. Insti tutional Factors. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 5.3.3 . En vi ronm en tal factors ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 5.3.4. Demographic Factors ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 5.3.5. Impact of Charcoal Production on Environment ------------------------------------------ 51 CHAPTER SIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN VOL V E M E NT IN CH A R COAL PRO D U CTI0 N ----------------------------------------------- S4 6.1. Households size versus Involvement in Charcoal Production
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