For Official Use Only

E1643

Public Disclosure Authorized

SLUM ELECTRIFICATION AND LOSS REDUCTION PROJECT

Improved Electricity Access to Indian Slum Dwellers Project

Public Disclosure Authorized

Enviironmentall and Sociiall Management Framework Apriill 2007

Stakeholders involved:

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

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Table of Content

1. Background:...... 3 2. Analysis of Issues and Anticipated Environmental Impact ...... 4 3. Environment Baseline: ...... 4 4. Description of slum project site: ...... 4 5. Current commercial and industrial activities at the project sites:...... 5 6. Environmental Aspects of Project ...... 6 6.2. Sources and quality of water supply: ...... 6 6.3. Waste water disposal and sanitation in project slums: ...... 7 7. State of submergence during rain and cases of flood: ...... 7 8. Layout plan of existing distribution lines as well as sub station sites: ...... 7 9. Records of environmental incidents and remedial steps taken : ...... 7 10. Fire & Shock Complaints: ...... 8 11. Analysis of Anticipated Environmental Impact(AEI) ...... 9 12. Environmental Management Plan ...... 10 13. Institutional Structure for EMP Implementation, Monitoring and Reporting: . 18

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1. Background:

1.1. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), in cooperation with the International Copper Association (ICA), is implementing the Slum Electrification and Loss reduction (SELR) Program, a three-year program for regularizing electricity services in slum areas. In , USAID is working in cooperation with the World Bank’s Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA), Reliance Infrastructure Limited (branded as Reliance Energy) and the International Copper Promotion Council of India (ICPCI), to implement a pilot program in the Shivajinagar slum cluster.

1.2. The objective of the project is to demonstrate the use of an output-based aid (OBA) approach to make a significant difference to the level of access to safe and adequate electricity supply in the Indian slum context. It is intended that a total of 26,250 connections will be subsidized. Of these, some 5,000 will be existing customers that will benefit from upgrades to their connections. It is expected that such an approach could be replicated in other major Indian cities, where slum areas abound and access to legal and safe electricity remains elusive for many slum dwellers. The project anticipates that Reliance Energy will undertake all investments required to take electricity to the slum areas which include upgrades to the network, drop lines from substation, meter panel and household meter. GPOBA subsidy would be used to cover the portion of the cost of a new connection, for regularization of connections and for providing safe internal wiring. Regularization of connections addresses those connections which are currently served by Reliance Energy informally or which do not have proper internal wiring or rewiring between the meter box and the DU. This project also addresses promotion of productive uses of energy to help ensure slum dwellers are able to pay their bills by enhancing their ability to generate additional income. This will maximize the socioeconomic benefits to the slum areas by having the legal connection. Thus this project will include activities working with local NGOs/CBOs to encourage the development of small business ventures and commercial services that are made possible by the legal electricity connection. Areas under this component may include micro-enterprise development, business training, access to existing microfinance schemes, gender empowerment through income generating activities etc.

1.3. The anticipated outcomes of the project would be:

1.3.1. Delivery of legal and safe electricity connections for 26,250 slum dwelling units (DUs), which would include upgrades to utility network and substations, installation of meters, and about 5,000 existing customers to have their wiring upgraded. 1.3.2. Documentation of program outputs and results as well as economic and social impact data (safety, efficiency, productive uses).

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1.3.3. Development of a replicable program model and subsidy scheme to implement future slum electrification programs in India and elsewhere.

1.4. GPOBA, World Bank as part of their funding procedures has to undertake the following tasks: 1.4.1. Financial due diligence of the private sector 1.4.2. Specify norms and procedures for bidding the contract 1.4.3. Environmental impact assessment and devise environmental management plan to mitigate the impact.

1.5. World Bank mission visited the project area in to assess key environmental risks associated with this project. The mission advised to develop an Environmental Management, and Monitoring Plan, which should include tasks to be undertaken by Reliance to mitigate the environmental impact caused by the project.

1.6. Reliance undertook feasibility study and carried out environmental impact assessment of the sites under this project. Based on the environmental impact envisaged, an environmental management and monitoring plan has been developed.

2. Analysis of Issues and Anticipated Environmental Impact

2.1. As part of project preparation efforts, USAID commissioned a socio-economic survey of the two target slum areas under the project. The survey captured information on the demographics, literacy level, current income, willingness to pay for the legal connections and current stock of appliances and equipment used in the dwelling units.

2.2. Reliance team under guidance from World Bank also undertook Environmental Impact Assessment of the 2 slum sites and has prepared an Environmental Management Plan to mitigate the environmental impact of the project.

3. Environment Baseline:

3.1. The environment baseline study is undertaken to understand the present environment situation of the project areas. Please find below the details of present environmental status in the area.

4. Description of slum project site:

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4.1. The location map of Shivaji Nagar Area and the defined boundaries of the project are indicated in the map below. The Shivaji Nagar site is situated on the eastern suburb of Mumbai. It occupies an area of about 20 acres. Originally the area was a creek surrounded by marshes. Due to the dumping activity, the area was also used for agricultural purposes up till the 1960’s. The slums began mushrooming in the 1970’s when the corporator Shri.Ambarnath Patil won the election. After the 1970’s due to the presence of the bone factory, the slaughterhouse, the dumping yard the density maximized. As the land belongs to the BMC and the Collectors office, the BMC marked rectangular plots for re- housing the project-affected families. The leadership in this area has been foresighted and the population as a vote bank has been successful in obtaining substantial basic amenities for themselves. Prior to the railway linkage and road linkages the significance of this area lay in its proximity to the dumping ground and to the abattoir. The slum pocket has possibility of developing into a satellite city of New Bombay, and it is likely to get transformed in the near future.

Figure 2: Shivaji Nagar Area

The area can be en-marked by following boundary limits, . Dumping Ground to the east of area. . Rehab Housing Compound to the west of area. . Ghatkopar Mankhurd Link Road to the south of area. . Nabhela Parekh Marg to the north of area.

5. Current commercial and industrial activities at the project sites:

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5.1. In Shivajinagar area, most of the structures are residential (83%, see Figure 4), with ground floor (53%), ground floor +1 (37%) and balance are temporary shed type structures.

Figure 4: Usage of Structures in Shivaji Nagar area

Use of Structure

Residential

Resi-cum-commercial

Commercial

Home based manufacture

5.2. The primary commercial activities in this area are shops (52%) that deal in trading Figure 1: Use of Structure of products and service (38%), which includes services of the barber, the electrician, the mason. Some industrial activities carried out are: chappal (shoes) manufacturing units, zari & embroidery works fabrication work, etc.

6. Environmental Aspects of Project

6.1. Shivajinagar is spread over more than 15 acres of land. The population of Shivajinager area is around 2,00,000.

6.2. Sources and quality of water supply:

6.2.1. The drinking water to slums is supplied by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) through regular taps. The water supply system of these slums is an integral part of water supply system of entire Mumbai City. Source of water supply is from Bhatsa, Upper Vaitarna, Modak Sagar, Tansa, Vihar and Tulsi. Main water pipelines are laid at a depth of 5 to 6 metres and hence there are less chances of it getting damaged. The project during implementation may damage individual drinking water pipeline, which is at shallow level. Measures will be undertaken to mitigate this.

6.2.2. Main causes of contamination include, leaky joints in service connections, mixing of sewerage and drainage system with water supply system, unclean suction and over head tanks, deteriorating internal lining of water mains and seepage of surface water to mains through lead joints. Fortunately, project does not envisage these causes during implementation.

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6.3. Waste water disposal and sanitation in project slums:

6.3.1. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is the sole authority responsible for wastewater disposal and sanitation in Mumbai. The sewage pumping facility in the city has been divided into 7 service areas. Ghatokopar service area caters the present project site of Shivaji Nagar.

6.3.2. MCGM also provides sanitation facilities to the slums. Under the Dattak Vasti Yojana the following services are provided to them through CBOs.

6.3.2.1. Solid waste collection, handling and transporting the collected waste to the designated areas. 6.3.2.2. Cleaning the open spaces around toilet blocks 6.3.2.3. Cleaning of toilet blocks and nearby drainages

6.3.3. The projects under consideration also do not envisage any effect on these facilities.

7. State of submergence during rain and cases of flood:

7.1. In general, Mumbai is subjected to heavy flooding during the rainy season depending upon the rate of rainfall and high tide or low tide timings. After June 2006 floods, care has been taken to uplift the electrical installation above flood level. MCGM is already in process of implementing Mass water drainage system for entire Mumbai under the project name ‘BRIMSTOWAD’. Under this project laying of new drains, developing effective drainage system and deepening and widening of nallas is planned for entire city. The indicative timeframe of the project is 2007-2009 (Source: www.mcgm.gov.in/contents/subm64ssmno 145ver2eng.pdf)

8. Layout plan of existing distribution lines as well as sub station sites:

8.1. The layout plan of all existing distribution lines and sub-stations are attached as Annexure.

9. Records of environmental incidents and remedial steps taken :

9.1. On 26th July 2005, the highest ever rain fall amounting to 944 mm was recorded in period of 12 hours in Mumbai coupled with high tide at sea. This led to water levels rising to unimaginable levels. Heavy down pour of this magnitude occurred after 40 years in Mumbai region. Situation has become worst because accumulated water could not be drained since drainage valves were closed because of high tide in sea.

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Figure 5: Rainfall July 2005

Rainfall (in mm)

26th July 2005 27th July 2005 1,000 944.2 896 900 885 800 768.8

700 575 667.7

600 Previous Maximum: 575.6 mm (Recorded on July 5th 1974) 500 400 300 200 Normal Rainfal 100 0.9 19.3 0 10:00 13:00 16:00 19:00 22:00 01:00 04:00 07:00 Time (in hours)

9.2. During the deluge, many of electrical installations were submerged in the water. This resulted in supply interruptions of longer hours. To mitigate the effects of such deluge in future, the installations are raised at sufficient height. Every years the levels of water logging is observed, and if required installations are raised.

10. Fire & Shock Complaints: 10.1. Table below shows the complaints received from the area considered under project for last one year.

Nature of Complaint Numbers Shivajinagar Area Blast Sound 13 Cable/Wire/Jumper Burning 109 Cable Fault 23 Fire 113 No Supply 26 Shock 20 Short Circuit 19 Smoke 53 Sparking 118 Total 494

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10.2. The table above is extracted from centralized automated complaint logging system. It is possible that many customers may have lodged the complaints for the same instance. The effective actual complaints are about 30-40% less than the actual.

10.3. Total actual fire complaints therefore works out to 110 numbers and total actual shock complaints 27 numbers in a year.

11. Analysis of Anticipated Environmental Impact(AEI)

11.1. Following likely environmental impact are envisaged during implementation of the project.

11.1.1. Health hazards incase of damage of drinking water pipe or drainage pipe during cable laying excavation. 11.1.2. Noise pollution due to excavation equipments. 11.1.3. Road blockage caused due to development of trenches/earth removed during excavation. 11.1.4. Fire hazard due to damage to the exiting live electrical cable. 11.1.5. Interruption to communication network, if communication cable is damaged during excavation. 11.1.6. Damage to the exiting road surface during cable laying excavations. 11.1.7. Collapsing of walls during the clipping of meter to house cable or during internal wiring. 11.1.8. Risk of spoiling the plantation due to excavation on edges of roads. 11.1.9. Oil leakage from transformer during replacement or due to improper handling. 11.1.10. Damage to the structures while transporting heavy equipments like transformer. 11.1.11. Fugitive dust and smoke accumulation in confined spaces

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12. Environmental Management Plan

12.1. Based on the AEI, an environmental management plan has been prepared.

Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan A: Environmental Aspects

1 Drinking Health Damage 1. Arrange joint visit with . Divisional Head to visit randomly to water hazards to MCGM worksites once in fortnight. contamination drinking authorities for site survey . Damages to be reported by Unit water before taking- Engineers in format EMP1. pipes or up the excavation. . EMP1 report to be reviewed in drainage 2. Enquire with the near-by Monitoring Committee meetings. pipes residents regarding existence of water/drainage pipes on the roads. 3. Take the test trenches before starting excavation along the road. 4. Keep the plumber on call while excavating to attain the damages if any immediately.

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Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan 2 Noise Human Due to use 1. Since roads are small in . Divisional Head to visit randomly to health of width, avoid worksites once in fortnight. machines machines for excavation. Do . Complaints received regarding for manual ‘Noise’ from project area to be excavation excavations. addressed by Divisional Head s 2. Inform people regarding excavation so that they can stay away if possible. 3 Damage to Loss of Excavatio 1. Survey the plants along the cable- . Divisional Head to visit randomly to plants plantation ns laying route. worksites once in fortnight. touching 2. Keep safe distance from trees . Damages to be reported by Unit tress while excavating. Engineers in format EMP1. 3. Provide support for weak tress, if . EMP1 report to be reviewed in any. Monitoring Committee meetings. 4. Re-plantation with suitable trees as required 4 Oil leakage Fire hazard Damage 1. If the transportation routs are . Dy. Manager (O&M) to supervise the from Contaminati to narrow, remove the transformer Transformer replacement job transformer on of soil transforme radiators and then transport. personally. and flow r while 2. Keep minimum oil, and top-up . Damages to be reported by Unit into transportin when installed completely. Engineers in format EMP1. drainage g 3. Arrest the oil leakage . EMP1 report to be reviewed in immediately and remove oil and Monitoring Committee meetings. dispose suitably.

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Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan 5 Fugitive dust Human Space 1. Recommend installation of . Monitoring Committee to review the and smoke health constraints exhaust fans through awareness workshop module before is goes live. accumulation workshops. . Divisional Head to keep records of in confined 2. Awareness workshop planned letters received from competent houses under the project shall include authority for the project area and tips to avoid suffocation. follow-up the action taken. 3. Initiate electric supply disconnection, if directed by appropriate authorities. 4. Recommend to provide dustbin and dispose off the garbage in MCGM Vans-to be covered under awareness workshop. B: Safety Aspects 6 Road Movement Across 1. Plan across trenches during . Divisional Head to visit randomly to blockage obstruction trenches/ nighttime. worksites once in fortnight. earth 2. Use mild steel sheet to cover . Unit Engineer to keep record of removed the debris lifted from these areas. from trenches. trenches 3. Transport of excess soil / debris immediately. Where points (1) – (3) above are not possible – document reasons and ensure this documentation is available for review by World Bank.

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Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan 7 Sparks due to Fire hazards Improper 1. Ensure proper workmanship of . Formats developed by independent loose wiring, contractor executing wiring verification contractor to be used for connections partial works. monitoring. breaking 2. Train the contractor and his . ICPCI to keep records of of wires wiremen on the correct contractor/wiremen training. methodology. 3. Avoid using sharp edge metals near wires. 4. Conduct safety workshop for nearby residents. 8 Cable fault Communica Damage 1. Plan joint visit with . Divisional Head to visit randomly to tion failure to communication agencies in the worksites once in fortnight. communic area. . Damages to be reported by Unit ation 2. Collect drawings from Engineers in format EMP1. cable. communication companies if . EMP1 report to be reviewed in available. Monitoring Committee meetings. 3. Take test trenches. 9 Road damage Inconvenien Damage 1. Give prior intimation to nearby . Divisional Head to review monthly ce to to residents. records of resurfacing works to be residents road/path 2. Intimate MCGM regarding done by Reliance Energy. ways excavation schedule. . Unit Engineer to write letter to during 3. Excavated roads to be resurfaced MCGM for resurfacing the roads and cable within 48 hrs by- follow-up with them. Divisional Head lying. a. Reliance Energy: Where the to review monthly records. excavation is on private roads/pathways b. MCGM: Where the road is a public road and reinstatement charges are paid to MCGM as

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Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan per their policy. 4. Regular follow-up with MCGM authorities for reinstatement. 10 Wall collapse Property Excavatio 1. Survey the structures and mark . Divisional Head to visit randomly to damage ns the excavation lines. worksites once in fortnight. touching 2. Keep safe distance from wall . Damages to be reported by Unit wall / while excavating. Engineers in format EMP1. vibration 3. Do not use mechanical . EMP1 report to be reviewed in of excavators on narrow roads. Monitoring Committee meetings. excavation 4. Keep mason on call for repairs, if machines any. 11 Wall collapse, Property Transporti 1. Carry out transportation route . Prior permissions to be taken from stairs collapse damage ng survey. the house owner and assure him that equipment 2. Inform respective residence if damages will be repaired by Reliance damage property is likely to damage. Energy. side by 3. Repair it immediately. . Site Supervisor (Jr. Engineer) to objects if remain present while transporting roads are heavy equipments from narrow roads. narrow. . Report completion of Damages to Divisional Head within 48 Hrs. 12 Short circuit Fire hazards Mishandli 1. Safety awareness through the . Monitoring Committee to review ng of workshops. every month status of the workshop electrical 2. 24x7 complaint facility to lodge conducted SRA and ICPCI. wires/dam fire complaints. . Complaints of the project area to be age to 3. Vigilance visits every Six-month extracted on monthly basis from the electrical for removal or unauthorized CMS database. Summary of Short wire/hangi wires. circuit, shocks and fire complaints to ng wires be reviewed by Monitoring

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Sr. ASPECT Impact Cause Mitigation Monitoring No. Plan 13 Electrical Human Mishandli 1. Safety awareness through the Committee. shocks health ng of workshops. . Vigilance standard report (EMP2) to electrical 2. 24x7 Complaint Facility to lodge be reviewed by Divisional Head wires/dam fire complaints. every Month. age to 3. Vigilance visits every Six-month electrical for removal or unauthorized wire/hangi wires. ng wires

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12.2. The table below gives the Severity, Scale, Probability and Duration (if happens) of each of the Impact. Sr. ASPECT Impact Severity Scale Probabil Duration No. ity A: Environmental Aspects 1 Drinking Health Medium Local Unlikely Short water hazards contamination 2 Noise Human Medium Local Likely Short health 3 Damage to Loss of Medium Local Unlikely Medium plants plantation 4 Oil leakage Fire hazard Medium Local Less Short from Contaminati Likely transformer on of soil and flow into drainage 5 Fugitive dust Human Medium Local Less Short and smoke health Likely accumulation in confined spaces B: Safety Aspects 6 Road Movement Low Local Likely Short blockage obstruction 7 Sparks due to Fire hazards Medium Local Likely Short loose connections 8 Cable fault Communica Low Local Less Short tion failure Likely 9 Road damage Inconvenien Low Local Likely Short ce to residents 10 Wall collapse Property Low Local Less Short damage Likely 11 Wall collapse, Property Low Local Less Short stairs collapse damage Likely 12 Short circuit Fire hazards Medium Local Likely Short 13 Electrical Human Medium Local Less Medium shocks health Likely

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13. Institutional Structure for EMP Implementation, Monitoring and Reporting:

13.1. During the visit, the mission already noted with satisfaction that Reliance Energy has developed strong procedures and systems for planning and implementation of environmental measures in its business operations. This systems and procedures have been applied by Reliance Energy to its large operations such as power generating facility near Mumbai. These procedures can easily be adopted for Mumbai Supply Business.

13.2. Reliance Energy is ISO: 9001, Certified Company. All the procedures are well documented. 24x7 manpower is available to deal with the complaints. The average response time is 15 minutes. In addition to 24x7 staff, engineers are on stand-by in rotation to deal with the emergences.

13.3. Reliance Energy have full-fledged Safety Department, which continuously initiates the actions after occurrence of any accidents and also take measures to avoid the recurrence in future.

13.4. For management of disasters, Reliance Energy has, 13.4.1. Disaster control rooms at each Divisional office and main control room at Santacruz office. 13.4.2. Communication links with the Government and local administrations. 13.4.3. Raising of low level Installations 13.4.4. Stock availability of the equipments and spares to manage disasters. 13.4.5. Mobilization of external resources. 13.4.6. Team of senior management to oversee disasters and review preparedness.

13.5. The standard response plan is shown in figure below,

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Format EMP-1

Damage Reporting while carrying out works on SELR Project site

Title Details Date of Incident: Name of Reporting

Engineer: Location of Incidence:

Description of Damage:

Intensity of Damage: Minor/Major No. of Peoples affected: Damage Rectified on: Damage informed to respective external Authority? When? Investigations: Joint Visit of Reliance Energy & Respective

Authority was arranged? If no, specify reasons. Enquires were made with near-by-residence? If no, specify reasons. Test Trenches were taken?

Were they adequate?

Clearances maintained from nearby structure/trees.

Was repairing men reported in time? Reasons for delay.

Present Status of Damage:

Actions Initiated to avoid recurrences

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Format EMP-2

Vigilance Raids Summary Report

Report For the Week: ------to ------

Unauthorized Connection removed from Slum/cluster Wires Meter Load in Cables Recovered Name Pillars Recovered Cabin Amps (Meters) (Meters)

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Format EMP-3

Divisional Head - Monthly review. s.no Incident details Action required Target date for When action completed

Points to be reviewed- . Review containing the summary of EMP-1 &2 formats and communication to internal and external agencies along with action plan for future. . Legal and regulatory and other requirements if any with compliance report. . Inputs / outputs and financials if any (optional requirement can be put in the review)

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