Manuscrit accepté / Accepted manuscript

A new spiny lobster from the Upper Štramberk-type limestones of Inwałd, Andrychów Klippen, southern Poland

M. KROBICKI & R.H.B. FRAAIJE

Reçu le /Received date: 15/09/16 Accepté le /Accepted date: 09/10/16

Prière de citer l’article de la façon suivante / Please cite this article as:

KROBICKI M. & FRAAIJE R.H.B. (2017). – A new spiny lobster from the Upper Jurassic Štramberk-type limestones of Inwałd, Andrychów Klippen, southern Poland. – Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 188, n° thématique (sous presse).

A new spiny lobster from the Upper Jurassic Štramberk-type limestones of Inwałd, Andrychów Klippen, southern Poland

M. Krobicki & R.H.B. Fraaije

Michał Krobicki [[email protected]; [email protected]], Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Poland, and AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;

René H.B. Fraaije [[email protected]], Oertijdmuseum De Groene Poort, Bosscheweg 80, 5283 WB Boxtel, the Netherlands.

Key words: Achelata, Palinuroidea, Tithonian, central Europe, taxonomy

Abstract. A new palinurid, Palaeopalinurus czarnieckii, is recorded from Upper Tithonian

Štramberk-type limestones at Inwałd, southern Poland. The specimen shows better preservation anteriorly than available specimens of the type species of the genus. As members of the Palinuridae in theBSGF Jurassic are scarce, the present specimen adds new important morphological and palaeogeographical data towards a better understanding of the evolution of the Achelata.

Résumé. ….Sylvain please help.

Introduction

The Andrychów Klippen are composed of differently sized limestone blocks, olistolithic in origin, which occur between the Silesian and Sub-Silesian nappes of the Outer

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Flysch Carpathians (Fig. 1) (Książkiewicz, 1935a-c, 1971; Książkiewicz & Liszkowa, 1972;

Nowak, 1976, 1983, 1986; Gasiński, 1998; Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001), and have been known for almost 190 years (Boué, 1830; Zeuschner, 1849). According to recent cartographic and micropalaeontological investigations, they are interpreted as part of a large olistostrome where and Paleogene flysch olistoliths (mainly of the Sub-Silesian Unit) occur together with Jurassic olistoliths (so-called Štramberk-type limestones) within Miocene deposits (Olszewska et al., 2008). This olistostrome originated during Paleogene and Neogene times under the influence of an accretionary prism moved northwards (e.g., Koszarski, 1990;

Ślączka & Kaminski, 1998; Golonka & Krobicki, 2006; Waśkowska-Oliwa et al., 2008). The

Andrychów Klippen (Inwałd, Targanice, and Roczyny) form a narrow, 7-km-long and 250-m- wide belt well visible in the morphology of the area of the town of Andrychów, and by their scientific and nature values the Inwałd and Targanice klippen are inanimate monuments

(Alexandrowicz & Poprawa, 2000).

The outcrop of the Inwałd Klippe, now an abandoned quarry, is located south from the town of Andrychów and consists of a large, 500-m-long and 70-m-wide, limestone block (Książkiewicz, 1935a; Koszarski,BSGF 1990). The Jurassic bioclastic limestones from this quarry were described as “Inwałd-type limestones” in local nomenclature (Książkiewicz, 1935a;

Nowak, 1986; Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001). They are massive, poorly bedded, whitish and yellowish, with rich remains of benthic macrofossils such as corals (both scleractinians and phaceloids: Apocladophylia, Cyathophora, Heliocoenia, Thecosmilia or Microsolena

[Ogilvie, 1897; Morycowa, 2008], nerineoid gastropods (Cryptoplocus, Ptygmatis,

Pentaptyxis, Trochoptygmatis, Sculpturea, ?Diptyxis, ?Endoplocus, and ?Eunerinea

[Zeuschner, 1849; Wieczorek, 1988; Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001], thick-shelled diceratid bivalves (Diceras), and brachiopods (both terebratulids: Cyclothyris, Weberithyris, Juralina,

Tropeothyris, Galliennithyris, Zeillerina, Carpatothyris and rhynchonellids: Lacunosella

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT [Smirnova, 1975; Waśkowska-Oliwa et al., 2008]. These limestones are also rich in microfossils: foraminifera (e.g., Pseudocyclammina, Valvulina, Protomarsonella,

Protopeneroplis, Charentia [Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001], calcareous dinocysts

(Carpistomiosphaera, Colomisphaera, Stomiosphaera, and Cadosina [Olszewska &

Wieczorek, 2001] and calcareous algae (Salpingoporella, Actinoporella, Clypeina,

Eoteutloporella, Thaumatoporella, Bacinella, Lithocodium, and Alpinella [Olszewska &

Wieczorek, 2001; Bucur et al., 2005]. Based on fossil taxa listed above (mainly nerineoid gastropods, foraminifera, and calcareous algae), the age of these limestones has been determined to be Late Tithonian (Zeuschner 1849; Książkiewicz, 1971; Nowak, 1976;

Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001). Such fossil-rich carbonates indicate calm, shallow- and warm-water settings (Morycowa, 1974, 2008; Eliáš and Eliášová, 1986; Kołodziej, 2003) of reef and peri-reef environments. Książkiewicz (1971) interpreted the “Inwałd limestones” as shoals with bahamite deposits that surrounded reefs. Bucur et al. (2005) distinguished and described other Štramberk-type limestone olistoliths from the Polish part of the Outer

Carpathians with coral-microbial biolithites and algal-foraminiferal facies which corresponded well to such palaeoenvironments.BSGF In conclusion, the “Inwałd-type limestones” represent Late Tithonian reef and peri-reef sedimentation that originated on the Inwałd elevation (sensu Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001: fig. 2) of submarine ridge on the Eurasian margin of the northern Tethys (Fig. 2). This elevation was located during –Early

Cretaceous times between deep-water Silesian Basin from the south and pelagic sedimentation of known as Bachowice Basin from the north (on the North European Plaform)

(Golonka et al., 2008; Waśkowska-Oliwa et al., 2008).

Almost all taxa mentioned above, primarily corals, are known from the typical locality of the Štramberk-type limestones (i.e., the area around the town of Štramberk, Moravia,

Czech Republic, with the still active Kotouč quarry) (Houša, 1975, 1990; Eliáš and Eliášová,

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1986; Houša &Vašíček, 2004; Eliášová, 2008; Vašíček & Skupien, 2016; historical and geological overview see also – Fraaije et al., 2013). This famous reefal fauna has been known since the late nineteenth century (Ogilvie, 1897) and was described later from other isolated exotic coral-bearing limestone boulders/pebbles which occur within Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch units of the Outer Flysch Carpathians (Morycowa, 1964, 1968, 1974, 2008, 2012;

Kołodziej, 2003; Hoffman & Kołodziej, 2008; Roniewicz, 2008). Other faunal elements are closely similar between Inwałd Klippe and Stramberk type locality as well (e.g., brachiopods

[Nekvasilová, 1977; Krobicki, 1994, 1995], which are also characteristic of shallow-water sedimentation of reef and peri-reef environments.

In conclusion, the Inwałd klippe is one of the famous, allochthonous huge blocks of

Štramberk-type limestones in the Polish part of the Outer Flysch Carpathians, manifested by a coral-nerineoid-diceratid consortium with microbial (green-algae) and foraminiferal components of shallow-water reefs/peri-reefs environments (e.g., Olszewska & Wieczorek,

2001; Bucur et al., 2005). During Alpine orogenic movements in Cretaceous-Neogene times, it was eroded and removed from the primary place of origin within Outer Carpathian Basin (Inwałd elevation = Baška-InwałdBSGF ridge) (Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001; Golonka et al., 2008; Waśkowska-Oliwa et al., 2008) and redeposited ultimately in the olistostrome deposits of the Outer Carpathian structure.

Decapod faunas usually are very well represented in such types of limestone. Generally, Late Jurassic decapods, including achelatans, flourished probably due to the origin of sponge megafacies and coral-bearing Štramberk/Ernstbrunn-type carbonates in

Europe (Müller et al., 2000; Krobicki & Zatoń, 2008, 2016; Fraaije, 2014) documented by several thousands of specimens (e.g., Schweitzer and Feldmann, 2009a-c; Schweitzer &

Feldmann 2010a, b; Starzyk et al., 2011, 2012; Fraaije et al., 2012a, b; Robins et al., 2013,

2016; see also Klompmaker et al., 2013).

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Taxonomy

Infraorder Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995

Family Palinuridae Latreille, 1802

Genus Palaeopalinurus Bachmayer, 1954

Type species: Palaeopalinurus glaessneri Bachmayer, 1954, by monotypy.

Diagnosis: Subcylindrical carapace with a well-marked cervical groove; rostrum absent; anterior part of carapace with large supraorbital and other spines; posterior part of carapace transversely grooved and ridged (Schweitzer et al., 2015, p. 5)

Palaeopalinurus czarnieckii n. sp.

Fig. 3 BSGF Type material: Holotype, and sole specimen, is no. CR/IN/1/2016, deposited in AGH

University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland: an incomplete carapace, with a maximum length and width of 46 and 29 mm, respectively.

Etymology: Named after the late Dr Stanisław Czarniecki PhD (Kraków) who donated this specimen for our study and was an unforgettable friend of one of us (MK).

Locality and stratigraphy: The outcrop of the Inwałd Klippe in which the type specimen was collected is an abandoned limestone quarry within a 500-m-long and 70-m-wide,

Štramberk-type limestone block, located 4.5 km east of the town of Andrychów. Based on

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT nerineoid gastropods, foraminifera, and calcareous algae the age is Late Tithonian (Zeuschner

1849; Książkiewicz, 1971; Nowak, 1976; Olszewska & Wieczorek, 2001).

Description: Medium-sized, subcylindrical carapace with a well-marked, subcircular cervical groove; rostrum incomplete preserved; strong supraocular spines (horns) widely separated and covered with at least four anteriorly directed spines. Carapace strongly convex in transverse section, straight in longitudinal section, curving downwards anteriorly. A row of at least three fine tubercles extend, from the rostral area, posteriorly bifurcating into two rows of three small tubercles. Parallel to the cervical groove are three rows of forwardly directed tubercles that become more irregular anteriorly, with a small smooth central area at midline. Carapace behind cervical groove covered with six, more or less equal-sized transverse ridges with lobate margins anteriorly. Where cuticule is absent these ridges appear like rows of tubercles.

Laterally, in the triangular area between the cervical furrow and the first complete transverse groove, there are two incomplete ridges on either side.

Remarks: Of all other known fossil palinurid genera of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age, Palaeopalinurus can be distinguishedBSGF by its tuberculate ornament anterior of the cervical groove and six pronounced, anteriorly indented, ridges posterior of the cervical groove.

Bachmayer (1954) erected this genus on the based upon a dozen partially preserved carapaces, all from Štramberk. The type material was recently rediscovered in a separate box at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Matúš Hyžný, pers. comm., August 5, 2016).

Schweitzer et al. (2015, p. 5) designated a syntype, probably based on the assumption that the type material had been lost. No rostrum or pleon was preserved in any of Bachmayer’s specimens. Later, Bachmayer (1959) also mentioned two partially preserved specimens of P. glaessneri from Ernstbrunn. He observed that the latter were considerably smaller than those of Štramberk and were covered with narrower transverse ridges. The reconstruction of

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Glaessner (1969, p. R473, fig. 279) was based on all available material of Bachmayer’s, housed at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, at the time.

Palaeopalinurus czarnieckii n. sp. differs from P. glaessneri in having a proportionately shorter gastric region in comparison to the anterior part of the carapace (from cervical groove to anterior rim), a relatively broader gastric and anterior part of the carapace and a different tubercular ornament on the gastric region (see Fig. 4). Two spinose horns with an inverted Y-shaped tubercle arrangement in between are new characters for

Palaeopalinurus.

Acknowledgements

We thank Matúš Hyžný for information on the current situation of the Bachmayer type material at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Barry van Bakel helped us with photography of the type specimen, and John Jagt is thanked for linguistic improvements and pertinent comments. Special thanks to Rodney Feldmann (Kent State University, Ohio, USA) and Alessandro Garassino (Natural HistoryBSGF Museum, Milano, Italy) for their valuable comments and corrections.

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Captions:

Fig. 1. Geological sketch between Żywiec and Cieszyn with location of described outcrop (after Żytko et al. 1989; simplified).

Fig. 2. Palaeoenvironment and palaeolithofacies with main palaeogeographical elements of the West Carpathians and adjacent areas during the latest Jurassic – Early Cretaceous (from Golonka et al. 2006a; modified). Plate position 140 Ma. Explanations: 1 – land without deposits; 2 – marginal sea deposits, paralic; 3 – shallow shelf marine; 4 – slope; 5 – oceanic basins with deposits; 6 – sandstones, mudstones; 7 – limestones; 8 – sandstones and shales ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT (flysch type); 9 – active subduction; 10 – normal fault; 11 – modern geographic and tectonic boundaries; modern lat-long tics; 12 – submarine volcanism; 13 – reef

Fig. 3A. Dorsal view of Palaeopalinurus czarnieckii n. sp., B. Composite.

Fig. 4. Reconstruction of Palaeopalinurus glaessneri (left) (modified from Glaessner, 1969, p. R473, fig. 279) and P. czarnieckii n. sp. (right).

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