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Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment (HIRA) Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment (HIRA) CITY OF BELLEVUE 2018-2023 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment (HIRA) Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Content Organization .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Hazard Profiles ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Profile Document Structure ..................................................................................................................... 4 December 2018 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment 1 | P a g e 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purpose of the City of Bellevue Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is to provide background information and guidance for hazard response, continuity, mitigation, and recovery in the City of Bellevue. This document is designed to supplement the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). This hazard inventory meets the intent of Washington Administrative Code (WAC) WAC 118-30-060 (1), Emergency Plan, and 118-30-070, Program Papers (1g). The hazard inventory will be expanded during 2014 to encompass the requirements of Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) and the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) Standard, which are much more prescriptive in nature. 1.2 Scope The scope of each hazard varies depending upon the unique subject matter. Some hazards are specific to Bellevue (such as earthquakes, flooding, and landslides), while others are more regionally based (such as terrorist activity and civil actions). Some of the data shown in the hazards originated from other partner jurisdictions and compliments the hazard inventories if the information lends itself to a broader application. 2.0 Content Organization 2.1 Hazard Profiles The City of Bellevue Office of Emergency Management (OEM) uses a hybrid of federal, state, and local hazard categories. Hazard profiles are grouped by the following types: infrastructure, biological, geological, and meteorological: December 2018 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment 2 | P a g e Three of the hazard profiles—Wildland Urban Interface Fire, Accidental and Intentional Failure, and Biological Pandemic—can be both human-caused hazards as well as natural hazards. Both aspects of origination are covered in each inventory. With further analysis, many of the human-caused elements are similar in nature to the Terrorist Activity and Civil Actions as the primary hazard. Relationships can exist between the hazard types*, further complicating impacts and vulnerabilities depending upon the unique emergency situation: • Natural hazards may initiate other natural hazards o Earthquake may lead to landslides or tsunami o Hurricane may produce tornadoes o Excessive flooding may result in a rise of infectious disease • Natural hazards may initiate infrastructure failures o A major flood may cause a dam to break o A lightning strike may result in power failure • Human-caused hazards may initiate other natural hazards o A hazardous materials explosion may create a wildfire o A nuclear accident will adversely affect the environment o A bombing may lead to fire o A cyber attack may lead to a power failure o A terrorist attach may spread deadly disease o Deforestation may result in extreme flooding The hazard inventories can be used to complement one another if an interface or relationship is created based on a specific incident type. *Per Dr. McEntire, Hazard Taxonomies/Hazard Relationships 2.2 Risk Assessment The hazards addressed in each inventory are intended to work with the data in the Community Profiles in the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The hazard inventories are intended to be analyzed within each of the 14 Neighborhood Analysis Areas. Specific neighborhoods in Bellevue are prone to certain hazards based on topography, land use, population, and proximity to items such as the pipelines. A risk matrix is not used at this time for risk analysis per neighborhood. December 2018 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment 3 | P a g e 3.0 Profile Document Structure Each hazard profile follows the same content structure and table of contents as identifies in Figure 1 below. Figure 1. Hazard Inventory Table of Contents Section 1 is an introduction, with sub headers including a definition of the hazard(s), potential types, and possible secondary hazards. The next section is a profile of the hazard. Location and extent, occurrences, and recurrence rate are included with each hazard to ensure consistence of the inventories. Section 3 includes the same header content throughout each unique hazard, which provides consistency when analyzing different impacts and vulnerabilities. Section 4 includes regional and national resources and the related website information. Sources are notated with endnotes throughout the inventories. December 2018 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment 4 | P a g e Terrorist Activity and Civil Action Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Definition..............................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Types ....................................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Secondary Hazards...............................................................................................................................4 2.0 Profile .......................................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Location and Extent .............................................................................................................................5 2.2 Occurrences..........................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Recurrence Rate...................................................................................................................................8 3.0 Vulnerabilities and Consequences ..........................................................................................................8 3.1 Health and Safety of Persons in the Affected Area at the Time of the Incident ...............................8 3.2 Health and Safety of Personnel Responding to the Incident .............................................................8 3.3 Continuity of Operations and Delivery of Services.............................................................................9 3.4 Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure ...............................................................................................9 3.5 Environment.........................................................................................................................................9 3.6 Economic and Financial Condition ....................................................................................................10 3.7 Public Confidence in the Jurisdiction’s Governance.........................................................................10 4.0 Resource Directory.................................................................................................................................11 October 2018 Hazard Inventory and Risk Assessment 0 | P a g e 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Definition 1.1.1 Terrorism The United States (US) Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 28 [28 CFR, Section 0.85(l)] defines terrorism as: “Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or Puerto Rico without foreign direction committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives.”1 1.1.2 Civil Action Any incident that disrupts a community where intervention is required to maintain public safety is a civil disturbance. Examples are demonstrations, riots, strikes, public nuisances, and criminal activities. They may be caused by such political grievances and urban economic conflicts as racial tension, unemployment, unpopular political actions and a decrease in the supply of essential goods and services. In general, civil disturbance most often arises from highly emotional social and economic issues. Police continue to use variations of riot tactics common for over a hundred years: horse-mounted police and officers on foot with riot shields and batons. Arrests are made of key violent individuals. The 1960s saw the advent of the use of tear gas, also known as CS. There has been an evolution of tactics
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