TheWireless

Starter Kit Second Edition The practical guide to Wi-Fi networks for Windows2 and Macintosh

By Adam Engst and Glenn Fleishman

Peachpit Press Index

64-bit WEP standard, 299 Linksys BEFW11S4 gateway, 802.15.1-2002 standard, 36 195–201 # 802.3 standard, 444 long-range connections, 397 104-bit WEP, 298, 299 802.15 standard, 36. See also Blue- overview, 10, 12–13 128-bit WEP, 299 tooth packet overhead, 12 10Base-2 cable, 445 802.15.4 standard, 36 throughput, 10, 12 10Base-5 cable, 444 802.16 standard, 46–47 Wi-Fi certification, 11 10Base-T cable, 445–446 802.11 standards, history of wire- wireless gateway support, 178–179 100Base-T cable, 446, 448 less networking, 9–10 802.11d standard, 44, 46 1000Base-T cable, 448–449 802.16 (WiMax), 46–47 802.11e standard, 43, 44 1xRTT (Radio Transmission 802.11 Wireless Networks: The 802.11f standard, 44 Technology), 2.5G networks, 41 Definitive Guide, xxi 802.11g standard and networks 2.4 GHz band 802.15.3a standard, 36, 53 channels, 18 802.11b standard, 12 802.11a standard and networks compatibility among standards, 10, Bluetooth, 35–38 channels, 14 15, 17–18, 178–179 Fresnel zone, 431 compatibility among standards, 10, determining need for, 178–179 and solid objects, 5 15, 178–179 frame bursting technology, 16–17 troubleshooting interference, 274 cost of equipment, 15 history of wireless networking, 9, unlicensed frequencies, 4 determining need for, 178–179 ixx Wireless MAN (Wireless FCC regulations, 430 interference, avoiding and trouble- Metropolitan Area Networking) history of wireless networking, 9, shooting, 274 standards, 47 ixx Linksys WRT54G gateway, 2.5G cell networks, 40–41 overview, 10, 13–15 201–204 21st Century Airships, 55 throughput, 10, 14 long-range connections, 397 3G cell networks, 39–40 Wi-Fi certification, 11 overview, 10, 15–18 40-bit WEP, 298, 299 wireless gateway support, 178–179 signal reflection handling, 18 4G cell networks, 40 802.11b Driver for OS X throughput, 10, 15, 16, 17 56-bit WEP, 299 (IOXperts), 96 Wi-Fi certification, 11 5 GHz band 802.11b standard and networks wireless gateway support, 178–179 802.11a standard, 14, 430 AirPort troubleshooting guide, 802.11h standard, 44, 46 FCC regulations, 430 156, 272 802.11i standard, 44, 45, 300, Fresnel zone, 431 channels, 12–13 301–302 and solid objects, 5 compatibility among standards, 10, 802.11j standard, 44, 46 unlicensed frequencies, 4 178–179 802.11k standard, 44 Wireless MAN (Wireless determining need for, 178–179 802.11l standard, 44 Metropolitan Area Networking) history of wireless networking, 9, 802.11m standard, 44, 46 standards, 47 xviii–ixx 802.11n standard, 44, 45 506 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

802.1X authentication software (See software access MAC (See MAC addresses) advanced Windows connections, points) Web sites (See URLs) 66–67 SpeedStream Powerline Wireless advanced connections, configuring available software, 270 Access Point, 452 Palm OS connections, 106–108 overview, 267–268 SSIDs, 175–176, 216 Windows Mobile 2003 connec- roles, 267–268 troubleshooting blocked reception, tions, 112–114 troubleshooting network connec- 273, 275–276 Windows XP connections, 66–67 tivity, 162, 277 troubleshooting need for frequent Advanced Technologies Group, 55 WEP or WPA encryption, 269 resets, 277, 279 Aegis Server, 270 Windows Mobile 2003 handhelds, troubleshooting network connec- Aerosol, 303 112 tivity, 157, 276, 277, 279 AeroVironment, 54 802.1X/EAP, wireless gateway troubleshooting signal strength, AES (Advanced Encryption support, 188 272–274 System), 45 troubleshooting WDS, 282 900 MHz band, 4, 274 aggregators. See also resellers; troubleshooting wired-to-wireless WISPs connections, 279 airport wireless access, 350–351 VPN support, built in, 188 AT&T Wireless, 349, 370 A vs. wireless gateways, 177, 178 AAUI transceivers, 454–455 Boingo Wireless, 322, 343, WEP and WPA encryption 346–348, 352, 358–363 access accounts, commercial support, 187 networks, 379 GRIC Communications, 349, 368 Wireless Distribution System, 191 hot spot networks, 41–42 access liability, 288–289. See also wireless gateways (See wireless hot spot services, creating, 347 security of networks gateways) iPass, 348, 363–368 access points. See also bridges; wireless hardware overview, 20 OSS (operations support systems), gateways; hubs account access information as bridges, 21, 22 347 access accounts, commercial overview, 346 bridging wireless networks (See networks, 379 Verizon Wireless, 349, 370 bridges) Boingo Wireless accounts, 363 wireless ISPs, 342–346 client associations, 20, 26 security considerations, 291 AirBoard, Sony, 231–232 connecting with wireless networks, activePDF Composer, 154 26 airborne wireless broadband, ad hoc networks gateways (See wireless gateways) 54–56 Bluetooth, 35–38 as gateways, 22 AirCard 555, 375–377 at conference hotels, 341 inter-access point communication Airpanel Smart Displays, ViewS- creating in Mac OS 8.6 or 9.x, (802.11f standard), 44 onic, 232 139–140 Internet sharing, 22 Airpath hot spot networks, 41 creating in Mac OS X, 141 locating with stumbler programs, Airpath Wireless, 344 creating in Windows XP, 138–139 303–306, 387–388 airplanes infrared networks, 4–5 mesh networking capabilities, 51 airborne wireless broadband, 54–56 IP addresses, 18 multiple access points, 175–176 in-air wireless access, 337, 354–355 overview, 17, 137–138 naming, 175–176 AirPort. See also 802.11b standard software access points, simulating in network diagrams, 169 and networks in Windows XP, 241–243 overview, 20 ad hoc networks, 139–140, 141 troubleshooting Internet connec- AirPort Base Station (See AirPort planning wireless networks, 174, tions, 280–281 175–176 Base Station) troubleshooting long-range AirPort Extreme Base Station (See protecting systems (See security of connections, 405 computer systems) AirPort Extreme Base Station) adapters. See network adapters; AirPort troubleshooting guide, as repeaters, 22 wireless network adapters security features, 22 156, 272 Address Resolution Protocol AirPort Weblog, xx simultaneous users, number (ARP), 455–456 built-in antennas, 30 supported, 192 addresses connecting to Base Stations IP (See IP addresses) without AirPort cards, 215 Index 507

connecting to networks, 89–91, Java-based configuration program, FCC regulations, 33, 179, 256–257 93–94 204 gain (See gain of antennas) history of wireless networking, 9 secure network setup, 208–209 gain, calculating (See gain, calcu- intermediate AirPort connections, simple network setup, 205–208 lating) 91–96 USB printer sharing, 225 health concerns, electromagnetic manual network configuration, WEP encryption settings, 208–209 radiation, 408 475–478 AirPort troubleshooting guide, home-built antennas, 414 network options, 94–95 156, 272 indoor antennas, overview, OS 8.6 or 9.x configuration, 89–90, AirPort Weblog, xx 255–256 92–94 airports, wireless networks in indoor installation tips, 260 OS X 10.3 configuration, 96 Denver Airport, 349 installing, 430–434 OS X configuration, 90–91, 94–96 Laptop Lanes, 351 legal and illegal antennas, 428–430 preferred adapters for Macintosh overview, 350–351 lightning suppressors, 410, 419 systems, 28–29 San Francisco International line-of-sight considerations, preferred adapters (table), 24 Airport, 337 430–431 proprietary internal connectors, 27 AirSnort utility, 308 location and weather consider- simple AirPort connections, 89–90 allowable power output/gain ations, 423, 425, 433 Software Base Station, configuring, combinations, 428–429 long-range antennas, 400, 403, 238–240 Aloha Networks, 56 408–414 troubleshooting guide, 156, 272 America Online (AOL), 192–193, long-range wireless connections, 33 WEP and WPA keys, entering, 214 for Mini PCI cards, 30 91–96 amplifiers, 407, 418–419 minimizing cable length, 431–432 AirPort Admin Utility, 204–215, Amsterdam, Wi-Fi access in, 351 mounting, 410 282 Angel Technologies, 54 omnidirectional antennas, 258, 410 AirPort Base Station Anonymizer.com, 317 overview, 32 adding external antenna, 34, 256 antenna jacks, 34, 179–180, 256 panel antennas, 258–259, 411–412 AirPort Admin Utility, 204–215, antennas parabolic antennas, 409, 412 282 adding to AirPort Base Stations, patch antennas, 258–259, 411–412 AirPort troubleshooting guide, 34, 256 pigtails, 415–416 156, 272 for AirPort and AirPort Extreme “Pringles can” antennas, 414 connecting to Base Stations cards, 30 radiation patterns, 409 without AirPort cards, 215 allowable power output/gain ruggedized enclosures, 434 troubleshooting need for frequent combinations, 428–429 sector antennas, 411 resets, 277 amplifiers vs. antennas, 407 signal loss in antenna cable, 416, AirPort Extreme antenna cable, 415, 416–417, 421–422, 431–432 built-in antennas, 30 421–422 in Titanium PowerBook G4, 163 preferred adapters for Macintosh antenna jacks in wireless gateways, troubleshooting signal strength, systems, 28–29 34, 179–180, 256 162–163 preferred adapters (table), 24 built into wireless network vendors, locating, 407 printer sharing, 154 adapters, 257 wireless hardware overview, 20 proprietary internal connectors, 27 cable connectors, 417 yagi antennas, 412 AirPort Extreme Admin Utility for cable length, 260, 431–432 Antheil, George, 7 Windows, 204 compatibility with networking anti-virus software, 327–328 AirPort Extreme Base Station hardware, 33, 34, 179, 256–257 AOL (America Online), 192–193, adding external antenna, 34 connecting to networking devices, 214 AirPort Extreme Admin Utility for 33–34 APOP (Authenticated POP), Windows, 204 dipole antennas, 259–260, 413 310–311 America Online connections, distance between, effect on signal Apple AirPort Weblog, xx sharing, 192–193, 214 strength, 423–424 Apple Attachment Unit Interface connecting to Base Stations enhancing signals within buildings, (AAUI) transceivers, 454–455 without AirPort cards, 215 33 Apple Stores, Wi-Fi access, 340 DHCP service, 213, 214 extending existing networks, 403 508 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

Apple System Profiler, 487 SMTP AUTH, 311, 381–382 pairing under Mac OS X, 122–125 Apple Wireless Mouse setup, WEP (See WEP authentication pairing under Windows XP, 132–135 and encryption) 117–121 AppleTalk, 184 WPA (See WPA authentication Palm synchronization example, APs. See access points and encryption) 126–129 ApSniff, 303 authors of this book, credentials, passphrases, 116, 117 ARP (Address Resolution xxi print servers, 225 Protocol), 455–456 Axis, 224, 225 printer adapters, 224 Asanté FR1004AL gateway, 225 stumbler, finding Bluetooth AsantéTalk Ethernet to LocalTalk devices, 305 Bridge, 450 B Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Asia, 40, 42 37 backhaul communication, 46–47 Atheros chips and drivers, 101 BNC connectors, 445 backing up data AT&T Wireless Boingo Wireless network-based backups, 439–440 2.5G network plans, 41 account information, 363 travel tips, 384 cellular data network plans, 40, 372 client software, 358–363 backward compatibility, 802.11g cost of Wi-Fi access, 343 hot spot networks, 42 standard, 17–18. See also compat- Wi-Fi aggregator services, 349 ibility among standards hotel wireless services, 352 wireless networks, 349, 370 bandwidth, and hub types, 457–458 overview, 346–348 attacks. See also security of Barnes & Noble, 354 troubleshooting network connec- tions, 363 computer systems Base Station. See AirPort Base anti-virus software, 327–328 Station VPN facilities, 322, 362 bookstores with Wi-Fi access, 354 denial of service (DoS) attacks, base stations. See access points; 293, 327 AirPort Base Station Borders, 354 firewalls, 328–331 Bauman, Neil, 338 Boston, Wi-Fi access in, 340 general security (See security) Bay Area Wireless Users Group, BrickHouse, 329 likelihood of attacks, 286–287 427 bridges NAT (Network Address Transla- Beef Stew can antennas, 414 access points as, 21, 22 tion), 330–331 BEFW11S4 gateway, 195–201 dedicated bridges, 21 system vulnerabilities, 326–327 Belkin, 28 with multiple access points, 175 types of attacks, 325–327 bidirectional pairing, 138. See also network connections to long-range viruses, 293, 326–327 pairing Bluetooth devices wireless networks, 403 worms, 293, 326 blimps, airborne wireless broad- in network diagrams, 171 zombies, 293, 326 band, 54–56 overview, 245–247, 459 Australian token ring network, 443 blocked reception, trouble- pairs or multiples of identical Authenticated POP (APOP), shooting, 273, 275–276 bridges, 254 310–311 Bluetooth troubleshooting wired-to-wireless Authenticated SMTP, 311, bidirectional pairing, 116 connections, 279 381–382 Bluetooth mouse example, 132–135 using multiple Wi-Fi cards, 247 authentication and authentication device discovery (See discovering using Wireless Distribution System protocols. See also encryption Bluetooth devices) (WDS), 247–252 and encryption keys devices using Bluetooth, 37–38 Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 247, 802.11i standard, 45 discoverability (See discover- 252–253 802.1X authentication (See 802.1X ability) wired/wireless bridging, 21 authentication) file exchange example, 130–132 Wireless Distribution System (See access points, security features, 22 interference with other specifica- WDS (Wireless Distribution advanced authentication methods, tions, 36, 37 System)) 80 overview, 35–37 wireless hardware overview, 20 Authenticated POP (APOP), pairing overview, 115–117 wireless/wireless bridging, 22 310–311 pairing T68i cell phone with Broadband Wireless Exchange network authentication in wireless Macintosh, 371–373 Magazine, 398 gateways, 188 Broadcom, 67–69 Index 509

Buffalo Technology, 31 calculating antenna gain. See gain, legal usage in different countries, building antennas, 414 calculating 13, 176 Building Wireless Community calculators, online for multiple access point networks, Networks, 347, 414 free-space signal loss calculator, 176 built-in adapter cards, 24 423 Cheshire, Stuart, 464–465 bus networks, 442 Fresnel zone and radio line of sight, chip sets in adapters 431 Atheros chips and drivers, 101 gain calculators, 420, 425 drivers for other chips, 102 C cameras. See digital cameras Intersil chips and drivers, 100 Caplio Pro G3, Ricoh, 221 Linux-WLAN project, 102 cables captive portals, 389 Orinoco chips and drivers, antenna (See cables, antenna) Car Area Networks, 337 100–101 Ethernet (See cables and wiring, Case Western Reserve University Cingular Ethernet) wireless network, 338 2.5G network plans, 41 network (See cables, network) Casio XF-800 Wi-Fi color televi- cellular data network plans, 40, 372 cables, antenna sion, 232 hot spot networks, 42 antenna cable, 415, 416–417, Cat3, Cat5 cable, 446 circuit-switched networks, 39 421–422 CDMA cellular data networks, Cisco Systems, 25, 234 antenna cable connectors, 417, 421 40–41, 375–377 client associations, 20–21, 26 antenna location and weather cd3o, 231 considerations, 423, 425, 433 client software cell phones. See also cellular data configuring (See configuring minimizing antenna cable length, networks 431–432 connections to wireless Bluetooth phones, 37, 38 networks) pigtails, 415–416, 422 3G phones, 39–40 troubleshooting connectivity, signal loss in antenna cable, 416, Sony Ericsson T68i cell phone, 156–162 421–422, 431–432 371–375 climate, effect on signal strength, cables, network cellular data networks 423, 425 Ethernet (See cables and wiring, 2.5G networks, 40–41 cloning MAC addresses, 190, 456 Ethernet) 3G networks, 39–40 closed networks hubs, selecting, 457 4G networks, 40 connecting to wireless networks, 26 troubleshooting Internet connec- CDMA networks, 40–41, 375–377 tions, 281 connecting using AirPort, 94 circuit-switched vs. packet- troubleshooting wired-to-wireless connecting using Linksys client, 74 switched networks, 39 connections, 279 false security of, 296 cost comparisons, 372 cables and wiring, Ethernet finding with stumbler programs, GPRS networks, 371–375 10Base-2 cable, 445 304, 305 GSM networks, 371–375 10Base-5 cable, 444 Code Division Multiple Access hot spot networks, 41–42 (CDMA) networks, 40–41, 10Base-T cable, 445–446 limitations of, 38–39 375–377 100Base-T cable, 446, 448 throughput, 38–39, 371, 376–377 colleges, wireless networks at, 163, 1000Base-T cable, 448–449 Wi-Fi access on highways, 337 338–339 crossover cables, 447 Centrino laptops, ConfigFree collisions, data, 441 Fast Ethernet, 446, 448 software, 81–87 color television, Wi-Fi-enabled, Gigabit Ethernet cable, 448–449 certificates and certificate authori- 232 hubs, selecting, 447, 457–458 ties, 320 Cometa Networks, 344 patch cables, 447 certification process, Wi-Fi commercial wireless networks plenum-rated cable, 446 Alliance, 11 access accounts, 379 Power over Ethernet devices, 175 channels aggregators, 346 representing in network diagrams, 802.11a standard, 14 Airpath Wireless, 344 172 802.11b standard, 12–13 in airports, 350–351 ThickNet, 444 802.11g standard, 18 AT&T Wireless, 349, 370 ThinNet, 445 direct sequence spread spectrum Barnes & Noble, 354 uplink ports, 447 (DSSS), 6, 7 510 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

Boingo Wireless, 322, 343, 802.11g standard, 15, 17–18, troubleshooting (See trouble- 346–348, 352, 358–363 178–179 shooting) Borders, 354 802.11h standard, 46 troubleshooting network connec- captive portals, 389 802.11j standard, 46 tivity, 156–162 Cometa Networks, 344 Wi-Fi certification, 10 Unix-like systems, 99–102 Connexion by Boeing, 337, 355 computer intrusion liability, 288, Windows Mobile 2003 handhelds, cost of Wi-Fi access, 343 292–293. See also security of 108–114 FatPort, 344 computer systems Windows XP systems, 60–67 GRIC Communications, 349, 368 computer profiles, 486–487 configuring wireless networks. See hot spot directories, 339 computer-to-computer also specific network compo- hot spot services, creating, 347 networking. See ad hoc networks nents in hotels, 351–352 computers components, determining need for, 173 in-air wireless access, 354–355 attacks on (See attacks) multiple access points, 175–176 iPass, 348, 363–368 in network diagrams, 169 network diagrams, 167–173 Kinko’s, 354 planning wireless networks, 168 planning networks, 167–169 Laptop Lanes, 351 protecting (See security of steps in network configuration, McDonalds, 353 computer systems) 174–175 NetNearU, 344 concrete walls, troubleshooting blocked reception, 275–276 connecting to wireless networks. overview, 341–342 conferences, wireless networks at, See also configuring connections Pronto Networks, 344 341 to wireless networks; config- in retail chains, 352–354 ConfigFree software, 82–87 uring wireless networks roaming aggregators, 346 configuration interfaces, wireless aggregators, 346–349 Schlotzsky’s Deli, 353–354 gateways, 181–182 airport wireless networks, 350–351 Sprint PCS, 349, 368 configuring connections to wireless captive portals, 389 Starbucks, 352–353 networks. See also configuring cellular data networks, 371–377 STSN, 345 wireless networks; connecting client association steps, 26 Surf and Sip, 345 to wireless networks closed networks, 26 T-Mobile HotSpot, 343, 345, 370 802.1X authentication, 66–67, 112 college networks, 338–339 Tenzing Communications, 355 AirPort client configuration, 89–96 commercial networks, 341–355 troubleshooting roaming network Boingo Wireless client configura- community networks, 336 access, 163 tion, 359–361 configuring connections (See Wayport, 345 Broadcom client configuration, configuring connections to wireless ISPs, 342–346 67–69 wireless networks) community wireless networks, Centrino laptops, 81–87 coolest Wi-Fi locations, 337 336, 339 ConfigFree connection manage- failures (See troubleshooting) CompactFlash card network ment software, 81–87 finding networks while traveling, adapters, 24, 30 FreeBSD systems, 99–102 387–389 compatibility hardware installation, 59–60 free wireless networks, 336–341 antennas and networking hard- iPass client configuration, 363–368 hot spot directories, 339 ware, 33, 34, 179, 256–257 Linksys client configuration, 69–76 hotel wireless access, 351–352 file sharing across platforms, 143, Linux systems, 99–102 in-air wireless access, 354–355 144, 146, 149, 150 Macintosh systems, 89–97 libraries, 336, 338 networking standards (See compat- network setup while traveling, 388 login access while traveling, 389 ibility among standards) Orinoco client configuration, long-range wireless networks, printer sharing across platforms, 76–78 400–401 154 other clients, client configuration, network setup while traveling, 388 compatibility among standards 78–80, 96–97 open networks, 26 802.11a standard, 15, 178–179 Palm OS handhelds, 104–108 problem solving (See trouble- 802.11b standard, 178–179 problem solving (See trouble- shooting) 802.11d standard, 46 shooting) retail chains, 352–354 roaming aggregators, 346–349 Index 511

travel tips, 389–391 dial-up connections troubleshooting (See trouble- backup connections, 406 shooting) D modems in wireless gateways, 181 university networks, 338–339 software access points and, 238 D-Link, 185, 221–222, 225 wireless ISPs (WISPs), 342–346, digital cameras daisychains (bus networks), 442 398–399 CompactFlash network adapters, Dana Street Roasting Company, connections, Internet, sharing. See 30 340 Internet connections, sharing still cameras, 220–221 Dantz Development, 329, 439 connectivity, troubleshooting, uses for wireless technology, data 156–162, 276–277, 278 219–220 backing up (See backing up data) Connectivity Doctor, 85–87 video cameras, 221–223 collisions, 441 connectors Digital Media Receiver, Hewlett- for antenna cable, 417, 421 security (See security of data) Packard, 230–231 antenna location and weather throughput (See throughput) dipole antennas, 259–260, 260, 413 considerations, 423, 425, 433 data transmission methods, 6–7 direct sequence spread spectrum FCC regulations, 416 Dave, 143, 146, 192, 226 (DSSS), 6, 7 pigtails, 415–416 Dayton, Sky, 346 directories signal loss from, 417, 421 dB, dBi, dBm ratings, signal community network directory, 336 Connexion by Boeing, 337, 355 strength, 408–409 hot spot directories, 336, 339 construction materials and signal dBm to watts conversion chart, WISP directories, 398 409, 428 strength, 5 Direcway, 56, 399 deactivating PC cards, 157 consumer electronics, wireless. See discoverability. See also Bluetooth decibel ratings of antennas gadgets, wireless overview, 37, 116 dB, dBi, dBm ratings, signal content encryption. See also encryp- under Mac OS X, 122 strength, 408–409 tion and encryption keys under Windows XP, 118 public-key cryptography overview, dBm to watts conversion chart, discovering Bluetooth devices. See 312–313 409, 428 also Bluetooth default settings, troubleshooting sharing keys, 314–315 overview, 37, 116 using PGP, 315 network devices, 280 demilitarized zones, 186 passphrases, 116, 117 coolest Wi-Fi locations, 337 under Mac OS X, 122–125 copying files, 319 denial of service attacks. See DoS attacks under Palm OS, 126 copyrighted music downloads, 289 under Windows XP, 119–121 cordless phones, network interfer- desktop PCs, preferred network adapters, 24, 26–27 distance between antennas, signal ence, 274 strength and, 423–424 cost considerations device discovery. See discover- ability; discovering Bluetooth DMZs, 186 1000Base-T Ethernet, 448 devices DNS 802.11a equipment, 15 devices, pairing. See pairing Blue- dynamic DNS in wireless gateways, cellular data networks, 38–39, 372 tooth devices 184–185 commercial Wi-Fi access, 343 DHCP overview, 465–467 hotel Wi-Fi access, 351 lease times, 183, 214 domain name system. See DNS McDonalds Wi-Fi access, 353 on multiple access points, 176 DoS attacks. See also attacks; secu- wireless access while traveling, 390 multiple IP addresses, 213 rity of computer systems wireless gateways, 193 network setup while traveling, 388 firewalls, 328–331 Creative Technology, 231 overview, 462 NAT (Network Address Transla- credentials of authors, xxi single IP addresses, 213 tion), 330–331 Crossing Platforms: A Macintosh/ troubleshooting Internet connec- system security considerations, Windows Phrasebook, xxi tions, 280 293, 327 crossover cables, 447 in wireless gateways, 182–183 Dr. Bott, 34 cryptography, public-key. See DHCP client, 189 drivers public-key cryptography DHCP Client IDs, 189 Atheros chips and drivers, 101 custom settings, troubleshooting diagrams. See network diagrams network devices, 280 512 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

Hewlett-Packard Wi-Fi drivers, complications when traveling, TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity 99, 100 380–382 Protocol), 262–263, 301 Intersil chips and drivers, 100 content encryption, 311–315 VPNs (See VPNs (virtual private open source driver for Mac OS generic Web mail, 381 networks)) X, 29 ISP Web mail, 380–381 WEP (See WEP authentication open source drivers for other chip password encryption, 310–311, 467 and encryption) sets, 102 POP account, checking then in wireless gateways, 187 Orinoco chips and drivers, sending mail, 381 WPA (See WPA authentication 100–101 public-key cryptography, 312–315 and encryption) Thomas McQuitty’s modifications, relaying, 380 end-to-end encryption 28–29 sending over virtual private email password encryption, for Unix/Linux/BSD systems, networks, 382 310–311 99–102 SMTP AUTH, 311, 381–382 public-key cryptography, 312–315 USB adapters for Macintosh SSH tunneling, 382 SSH (Secure Shell), 315–319 systems, 28 SSL support in email programs, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), Windows network adapters, 381 319–322 installing, 60 tips for working while traveling, VPNs (See VPNs (virtual private DSSS (DS) (direct sequence spread 380–382, 390 networks)) spectrum), 6, 7 user authentication for outgoing Enfora Wireless LAN Portfolio, 31 dstumbler, 305 messages, 311, 381 EnGenius card, 25, 162 DVDs, backing up data, 384 viruses, spreading, 326 Engst, Adam, xxi dynamic addressing, trouble- Web mail, 380–381 Engst, Tonya, 336, 338 shooting Internet connections, XTND XMIT (extended transmit) Enhanced Data GSM Environ- 280 option, 382 ment (EDGE), 2.5G networks, dynamic DNS encapsulation, 463 41 Linksys WRT54G gateway setup, enclosures, ruggedized, 434 Epson Bluetooth Print Adapter, 204 encrypted pipes. See tunnels 224 overview, 467 encryption and encryption keys Ericsson T68i cell phone, 371–375 in wireless gateways, 184–185 802.11i standard, 45 error messages, troubleshooting, Dynamic Host Configuration access points, security features, 22 480 Protocol. See DHCP APOP (Authenticated POP), ESSIDs, 175–176 310–311 EtherFast gateway, 195–201 content encryption, 311–315 Ethernet E email password encryption, Ethernet protocol, 463 EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM 310–311, 467 Ethernet standard, 444 Environment), 2.5G networks, encrypted data, typical, 290 Metcalfe, Bob, 444 41 end-to-end (See end-to-end Ethernet adapters electrical power for access points, encryption) Linksys WET11, 32 175, 238 extracting passwords using ettercap Linksys WET54G, 252–253 electrical power lines, 451–452 utility, 308 making printers wireless, 224 electromagnetic radiation, health extracting WEP keys, 308 network adapters for Macintosh concerns, 408 fingerprints, 314, 316 systems, 28 electromagnetic shields, 5 non-encrypted data, typical, overview, 24, 31–32 electromagnetic spectrum, 4–5, 5, 289–290 Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 247, 430–431 password guidelines, 291 252–253 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 7 pre-shared secrets, 263, 301 Ethernet cables and wiring email public-key cryptography, 312–315 10Base-2 cable, 445 APOP (Authenticated POP), shared secrets, 298, 299 10Base-5 cable, 444 310–311 SSH (Secure Shell), 315–319 10Base-T cable, 445–446 Authenticated SMTP, 311, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 100Base-T cable, 446, 448 381–382 319–322 1000Base-T cable, 448–449 crossover cables, 447 Index 513

Fast Ethernet, 446, 448 testing antenna locations, 403 ensuring access to when traveling, Gigabit Ethernet cable, 448–449 troubleshooting long-range 382–384 hubs, selecting, 447, 457–458 networks, 404–406 file servers, 228–229, 383, 438 patch cables, 447 two-hop networks, 404 file transfer, 17, 36, 130–132 plenum-rated cable, 446 external antennas. See antennas online storage, 383 Power over Ethernet devices, 175 extracting passwords and keys, 308 sharing (See file sharing) representing in network diagrams, EZGoalHotspots, 339 filters. See firewalls 172 filters, obscuring laptop screens, ThickNet, 444 391 ThinNet, 445 F finding technical support, 483– uplink ports, 447 486. See also troubleshooting; F-Secure, 317 Ethernet networks. See also troubleshooting process failures. See troubleshooting networks finding wireless ISPs, 398 Faraday cages, 5 connecting to LocalTalk networks, finding wireless networks 449–450 Fast Ethernet cable, 446, 448 aggregators, 346–349 MAC addresses, 455–456 FatPort, 344 airport wireless networks, 350–351 wired/wireless bridging, 21 FCC regulations Boingo Wireless locations, 362 2.4 GHz networks, 431 Ethernet ports, 180, 185–186. See college wireless networks, 338–339 also network adapters 5 GHz networks, 431 commercial networks, 341–355 Ethernet protocol, 463 antennas and antenna jacks, 33, community networks, 336 Ethernet standard, 444 179, 256–257 at conferences, 341 EtherPEG, 306 licensed vs. unlicensed spectrum, 4 coolest Wi-Fi locations, 337 ettercap utility, 308 long-range wireless networks, free commercial locations, 339–341 427–429 Eudora for Windows and Macintosh: free networks, 336–341 Part 15 Regulations, 427 Visual QuickStart Guide, xxi Google, 340 pigtails and connectors, 34, 179, Europe, 42, 46 hot spot directories, 339 416 exchanging files. See file sharing in hotels, 351–352 FHP Wireless, 51 expansion cards, 24, 25, 26–27, 454 in-air wireless Internet access, FHSS (FH) (frequency hopping expert help. See also trouble- 354–355 spread spectrum), 6–7, 36 shooting; troubleshooting iPass locations, 366 file exchange software, 383 process Laptop Lanes, 351 file servers, 228–229, 383, 438 communicating with experts, libraries, 336, 338 file sharing. See also file transfer 487–488 retail chains, 352–354 accessing shared files, 145–146, company technical support, roaming aggregators, 346–349 485–486 149–150, 151–153 Bluetooth file exchange, 130–132 stumbler programs, 303–306, expert friends, 484–485 387–388 file sharing across platforms, 143, Internet forums, 486 university networks, 338–339 locating, 483–486 144, 146, 149, 150 IP file servers, remote access, 383 warchalking, 307, 388 reporting problems, 486–488 Wi-Fi detectors, 227–228, 388 Extended SSIDs (ESSIDs), Linux/Unix systems, 143, 144 overview, 143, 144, 438 wireless ISPs (WISPs), 342–346, 175–176 398–399 sharing files, 144–145, 146–148, extended transmit (XTND XMIT) fingerprints, 314, 316 option, 382 150–151 sharing printers, 153–154 firewalls extending networks to remote IP addresses and ping tests, 278 locations. See also long-range Wi-Fi file servers, 228–229 Mac OS X firewall, 330 wireless networks file transfer, 17, 36, 130–132. See NAT (Network Address Transla- determining antenna locations, also file sharing; FTP tion), 330–331 402–404 files overview, 328–329 existing networks, 401–404 copying with SCP (Secure Copy), personal firewall software, 329 high-speed Internet access, 319 396–401 encrypting using public-key cryp- port forwarding, 186 overview, 395–396, 401–402 tography, 311–315 ports and, 466 514 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

troubleshooting Internet connec- airborne wireless broadband, 54–56 sector antennas, 411 tions, 281 mesh networks, 49–51, 444 yagi antennas, 412 Windows XP firewall, 330 satellite-based wireless networking, Gast, Matthew, xxi in wireless gateways, 185–186 56 gateway addresses, 471, 472 firmware, 190, 277, 281 ultra wideband, 52–54 gateways. See also wireless gateways Fleishman, Glenn access points as gateways, 22 author’s credentials, xxi in network diagrams, 169 Wi-Fi Networking News, 300, G overview, 461 xx, xxii G3 PowerBooks, 24, 29 software access points (See soft- Flickenger, Rob, 175, 347, 414 ware access points) G4 PowerBooks, 29 folders, sharing. See file sharing troubleshooting Internet connec- gadgets, wireless for-fee wireless networks. See tions, 281 cameras, 219–223 commercial wireless networks General Packet Radio Service frame bursting technology, 16–17, file servers, 228–229 (GPRS), 2.5G networks, 41 43 game console Wi-Fi adapters, Gigabit Ethernet cable, 448–449 233–235 frames, 441, 463 Gimp-Print, 192 LCD projectors, 232–233 Free Secure Wide Area Network, Gladwell, Malcolm, 438 monitors, 232 265 Global System for Mobile free-space signal loss, 422–424 music players, 229–231 Communications (GSM), 2.5G free wireless networks photo players, 230–231 networks, 40–41 college networks, 338–339 print servers, 224–226 Gloo Labs, 230 community networks, 336 printer adapters, 224 Glub Tech, 322 conferences, 341 printers, 226 Go-Video Networked DVD player, coolest Wi-Fi locations, 337 still cameras, 220–221 231 free commercial locations, 339–341 television transmitters, 231–232 Google, 340 hot spot directories, 339 video cameras, 221–223 GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 312 hot spot services, creating, 347 Wi-Fi detectors, 227–228, 388 GPRS cellular data networks, libraries, 336, 338 Wi-Fi phones, 233–235 371–375 trade shows, 341 gain, calculating. See also gain of GPRS (General Packet Radio troubleshooting roaming network antennas Service), 2.5G networks, 41 access, 163 allowable power output/gain Grandstream Networks, 234 university networks, 338–339 combinations, 428–429 graphics, extracting from network Free World Dialup, 234 antenna gain, 422 traffic, 306 FreeBSD systems, 99–100 final calculations, 425–426 GRIC Communications, 349, 368 FreeS/WAN, 265 free-space signal loss, 422–424 GSM cellular data networks, frequency hopping spread spec- online gain calculators, 420, 425 371–375 trum (FHSS), 6–7, 36 receive sensitivity, 424–425 GSM (Global System for Mobile Fresnel zone, 431 signal loss in antenna cable, 416, Communications), 2.5G 421–422 networks, 40–41 friends, expert, 484–485. See also expert help; troubleshooting spreadsheet calculations, 426–427 process transmit power, 420–421 “frottle,” 443 gain of antennas H allowable power output/gain FSV-PGX1 file server, Sony, 229 hacking, preventing. See security FTP. See also file transfer combinations, 428–429 of computer systems; security of overview, 467–468 calculating (See gain, calculating) data; security of networks password encryption, 467 decibel rating, 408–409 halting PC cards, 157 remote file access, 383 dipole antennas, 260, 413 hardware Secure FTP, 317, 320, 322 omnidirectional antennas, 258, 410 access points (See access points) Fuji Photo Film Wi-Fi-enabled overview, 422 antennas (See antennas) camera, 221 panel antennas, 259, 411 bridges (See bridges) future trends parabolic antennas, 412 gateways (See gateways) patch antennas, 411 Index 515

hubs (See hubs) Hot Spot Operators (HSOs). See preferred network adapters, 24, 28 network adapters (See network WISPs third-party adapters, configuring, adapters) hot spots. See also WISPs 96–97 routers, 460 hot spot directories, 339 images, extracting from network switches, 180–181 hot spot networks, 41–42 traffic, 306 switching hubs, 458 hot spot services, creating, 347 IMAP, 467, 468 Wi-Fi certification, 10, 11 troubleshooting roaming network in-air wireless access, 337, 354–355 wireless hardware overview, 19, 20 access, 163 incoming network traffic hardware abstraction layer for hotels, wireless networks in, firewalls, 185–186 Atheros chips, 101 351–352 listening to network traffic, headers, 306, 436 HotSpotList.com, 339 306–308 health concerns, electromagnetic HotSyncing data using Bluetooth, port forwarding, 186 radiation, 408 126–129 triggers, 186 Heathrow Airport, Wi-Fi access houses increasing signal strength, in, 351 inaccessible rooms and signal 162–163. See also signal strength Helios airplane, airborne wireless strength, 168, 169 infrared networks, 4–5 broadband, 54–55 overlaying network diagrams, 169, initialization vectors, 299, 301 help. See troubleshooting 174 insolvable problems, 488. See also Herkimer Coffee, 340 how to troubleshoot. See trouble- troubleshooting process Hewlett-Packard, 99, 100, shooting process installing antennas. See also 230–231 HSOs (Hot Spot Operators). See antennas hexadecimal WEP keys, 298 WISPs cable length and ease of access, high-altitude planes, airborne HTTP, 468 431–432 wireless broadband, 54–56 hubs. See also access points Fresnel zone, 431 highways, Wi-Fi access, 337 intelligent hubs, 458 lightning suppressors, 410, 419 history of wireless networking, in network diagrams, 169 line-of-sight considerations, 9–10, xviii–ixx overview, 457 430–431 home-built antennas, 414 passive hubs, 457–458 location and weather consider- HomePhoneline Networking Alli- in star networks, 440, 442 ations, 423, 425, 433 ance. See HomePNA networks switching hubs, 458 ruggedized enclosures, 434 HomePlug bridges, in network uplink ports and adjacent ports, Institute of Electrical and Elec- diagrams, 172, 173 447 tronics Engineers. See IEEE HomePlug networks wireless gateways, 180–181 Intego NetBarrier X3, 329 compared to HomePNA networks, Hughes Network Systems, 56 Intel Pro/Wireless 2100 Network 451, 452 HyperLink Technologies, 34, 175, Connection card, 81 network security, 452 179, 257, 418, 419 intelligent hubs, 458 overview, 451–452 inter-access point communication troubleshooting blocked reception, (802.11f standard), 44 276 I Interarchy, 278, 317 HomePlug Powerline Alliance. See interference HomePlug networks IBackup, 383 in 2.4 GHz band, 5, 274 HomePNA networks IBM 802.11b Wireless Print in 5 GHz band, 5 Adapter, 224 compared to HomePlug networks, 802.11b channels, 13 iBooks, 24 451, 452 avoiding, 274 identifying problems, 479–480 overview, 450–451 Bluetooth, 36, 37 identities, verifying. See public-key troubleshooting blocked reception, construction materials, 5, 275–276 cryptography 276 direct sequence spread spectrum IEEE, 10. See also standards HomePod, 230 (DSSS), 6, 7 illegal antennas. See legal restric- HornWare, 151 Faraday cages, 5 host names, mapping IP addresses tions, long-range wireless networks frequency hopping spread spectrum to, 184–185 (FHSS), 6–7 iMacs hot spot networks, 41–42 at infrared frequencies, 4–5 516 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

troubleshooting intermittent wireless gateway features, 189–190 static IP addresses, 401 signals, 274 Internet connections using long- translating private to public twisted pair wiring, 445 range wireless networks addresses (See NAT (Network intermittent problems, 480 802.11b vs. 802.11g, 397 Address Translation)) intermittent signals, trouble- becoming a WISP, 399 troubleshooting Internet connec- shooting, 274 extending DSL Internet access, 397 tions, 280 internal wireless adapters. See also finding WISPs, 398–399 using software access points, 238 wireless network adapters IP addresses, 400–401 in Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 253 CompactFlash cards, 30 overview, 396–398 IP file servers, 383 Mini PCI cards, 27 redundant connections, 397–398 IP security (IPsec), 323. See also overview, 23, 24 satellite-based Internet access, 399 VPNs PC cards, 25, 454 site checks, 400 iPass PCI cards, 26–27 troubleshooting, 404–406 connection settings, 364–365, 367 Secure Digital IO (SDIO) cards, Internet Explorer Kit for Macintosh, finding locations, 365, 366, 367 30–31 xxi iPassConnect, 363–368 Internet Internet Security for Your Macintosh: Macintosh client configuration, connections (See Internet connec- A Guide for the Rest of Us, 325 367 tions) Internet Starter Kit series, xxi overview, 348 in network diagrams, 171–172 Intersil chips and drivers, 100 Windows client configuration, sharing connections (See Internet IOXperts, 29, 96 364–366 connections, sharing) IP addresses. See also MAC iPhoto 2 for Mac OS X: Visual Quick- Internet access accounts, commer- addresses Start Guide, xxi cial networks, 379 acquiring using DHCP, 462 IPNetMonitor, 278 Internet connections. See also for ad hoc networks, 18 IPNetRouter, 240, 460 Internet connections using Address Resolution Protocol IPNetSentry, 329 long-range wireless networks (ARP), 455–456 IPsec, 323. See also VPNs (virtual backhaul communication, 46–47 determining, 278 private networks) Internet access while traveling, DHCP (See DHCP) IPsec-over-L2TP, 323. See also 387–389 DNS protocol, 465–467 VPNs (virtual private networks) sharing (See Internet connections, dynamic DNS, 184–185 Ipswitch, 405 sharing) extracting from network traffic, IQinvision IQeye3 Wi-Fi video troubleshooting, 280–281 306 camera, 223 troubleshooting roaming network firewalls and ping tests, 278 ISPs access, 163 Internet connections using long- built-in VPN clients, 322 Internet connections, sharing range networks, 400–401 DHCP Client IDs, 189 access points as gateways, 22 IP address authentication, 297 MAC address cloning, 190 America Online connections, IPsec VPNs and NAT, 323 PPPoE technology, 189–190 192–193, 214 linking to MAC addresses, sharing Internet connections (See DHCP clients, 189 182–183, 455–456 Internet connections, sharing) liability considerations, 288–289 manual network configuration, wireless (See WISPs) MAC address cloning, 190, 456 471, 472, 474, 476, 477 iStumbler, 305 Macintosh systems, 238–240, mapping to host names, 184–185 240–241 multiple IP addresses, 192, 213 overview, 437–438 NAT (See NAT (Network Address PPPoE, 189–190 J Translation)) Japan, 42, 46 security (See security of networks) network setup while traveling, 388 single vs. multiple IP addresses, Jiwire, 339, xxii number of computers supported by Jones, Matt, 307 213 gateways, 192 software access points, 237–238 ping test, 278 WEP encryption considerations, restricting network access, 297 241 single IP address, sharing, Windows XP systems, 241–243 183–184, 213 Index 517

network traffic liability, 288, locking laptops to tables, 391 289–292 LocustWorld, 51 K overview, 286 London, Wi-Fi access in, 351 Kensington Technology Group, libraries, wireless networks at, 336, long-distance links. See long-range 391 338 wireless networks Kensington Wi-Fi Finder, 227 licensed vs. unlicensed spectrum, 4 long haul communication, 46–47 keys, encryption. See encryption Lightweight Extensible Authenti- long-range antennas. See antennas and encryption keys cation Protocol (LEAP), 188 long-range wireless networks keyservers, 314 lightning suppressors, 410, 419 airborne wireless broadband, 54–56 Kinko’s, 354 line-of-sight issues amplifiers, 418–419 KisMAC, 304 2.4 GHz band, 5 antennas (See antennas) Kismet, 305 5 GHz band, 5 connecting to, 400–401 antenna installation, 430–431 extending DSL Internet access, 397 Fresnel zone, 431 extending existing networks, L infrared networks, 4 401–404 Lamarr, Hedy, 7. See also That’s physics of solid objects, 5 health concerns, electromagnetic Hedley! Linksys radiation, 408 LAN Ethernet ports, 180, 185–186 BEFW11S4 gateway, 195–201 Internet connections, 396–401 Laptop Lanes, 351 client software configuration, legal restrictions, 427–429 laptop PCs 69–76 likelihood of snooping, 287 ConfigFree software, Centrino CompactFlash network adapters, redundant connections, 397–398 laptops, 81–87 30 two-hop networks, 404 laptop security while traveling, EtherFast gateway, 195–201 wireless ISPs (See WISPs) 390–391 print servers, 225 loss of signal. See signal loss preferred network adapters, 24, WAP11, need for frequent resets, 25, 27 277 latency, 56 WET11, 28, 32, 252–253 M LCD projection, wireless, 232–233 WET54G, 252–253 3M Notebook Privacy Filter, 391 LEAP, 188 Wireless-B Game Adapter, .Mac, 383 lease times, DHCP, 183, 214 235–236 MAC addresses. See also DHCP; IP Leffler, Sam, 101 Wireless-B Internet Video Camera, 222–223 addresses legal antennas. See legal restric- associating with IP addresses, tions, long-range wireless Wireless-B Media Adapter, 230 455–456 networks Wireless-B software, 70–71 changing, 456 legal channel usage in different Wireless-G Game Adapter, countries, 13 235–236 cloning, 190, 456 legal restrictions, long-range Wireless-G software, 71–76 linking IP addresses, 182–183 wireless networks. See also FCC Wireless-G VPN Broadband restricting network access, 296–297 regulations Router, 266–267 troubleshooting network connec- Part 15 Regulations, 427 WPG-11 Wireless Presentation tivity, 161, 276 point-to-multipoint networks, 428 Gateway, 233 WDS configuration, 250, 282 point-to-point networks, 428–429 WPG-12 Wireless Presentation in Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 253 power output/antenna gain, allow- Player, 233 Mac OS 8.6 able combinations, 428–429 WRT54G gateway, 201–204 ad hoc networks, 139–140 legality of monitoring tools, 303, Linux and Linux-like systems AirPort configuration, 89–90, 308 configuration interfaces for wireless 92–94 liability considerations. See also gateways, 181–182 “Mac OS All” extension set, 158 security file sharing overview, 143, 144 network settings, configuring, access liability, 288–289 FreeS/WAN VPN software, 265 475–476 computer intrusion liability, 288, Wi-Fi drivers, 99–102 preferred network adapters, 28 292–293 Linux-WLAN project, 102 Software Base Station, configuring, LocalTalk networks, 449–450 238–240 518 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

“Mac OS All” extension set, 158 connecting to Base Stations Microsoft, security patches for Mac OS 9.x without AirPort cards, 215 Windows systems, 326 accessing shared files, 149–150 Internet Sharing, configuring, Microsoft Visio, 168 ad hoc networks, 139–140 240–241 microwave ovens, troubleshooting AirPort configuration, 89–90, IP addresses, determining, 278 network interference, 274 92–94 iPass client software, 367 Mini PCI card network adapters, “Mac OS All” extension set, 158 LocalTalk networks, 449–450 24, 27, 30 network settings, configuring, “Mac OS All” extension set, 158 Ministumbler, 305 475–476 network settings, configuring, Mobile Command Systems Nomad ping test, 278 475–478 printer, 226 preferred network adapters, 28, 29 pairing with T68i cell phones, MobileStar, 41 sharing files, 146–148 371–373 mode settings, client configuration sharing printers, 154 PC cards, deactivating, 157 software, 80 Software Base Station, configuring, PhoneNet networks, 449–450 modems 238–240 ping test, 278 integrating with wireless gateways, third-party client configuration, preferred network adapters, 24, 26, 181 96–97 28–29 in network diagrams, 171 WEP or WPA keys, entering, 92 print servers in wireless gateways, troubleshooting Internet connec- Mac OS X 192 tions, 281 accessing shared files, 151–153 printer sharing, 192, 225, 438–439 using Ericsson T68i cell phone, ad hoc networks, 141 sharing Internet connections, 373–375 AirPort configuration, 90–91, 238–241 monitoring tools 94–96 stumbler programs, 304–305 extracting WEP keys, 308 Bluetooth devices, pairing, third-party client configuration, legality of, 303, 308 122–125 89–96 listening to network traffic, Bluetooth file exchange, 131–132 troubleshooting (See trouble- 306–308 Bluetooth mouse setup, 132–135 shooting) monitoring network services, 405 Bluetooth Palm HotSync, 128–129 VPN software, built-in, 265 stumbler tools, 303–306, 387–388 firewall, enabling, 330 vulnerability to attacks, 326–327 MonitorMagic, 405 Linksys BEFW11S4, initial WEP or WPA keys, entering, 92 monitors, wireless, 232 configuration, 196 macro viruses, 328 Mount Everest, Wi-Fi access, 337 network settings, configuring, MacStumbler, 160, 276, 304 Mountain View, CA, Wi-Fi access, 476–478 MacWireless, 28, 175 340 ping test, 278 malfunctioning system, describing mounting antennas. See also preferred network adapters, 28, 29 parts of, 480–481 installing antennas sharing files, 150–151 Mariott International, 352 durability and weather consider- sharing printers, 154 Martian Technology, 228–229 ations, 433–434 WEP or WPA keys, entering, 92 master access points, WDS, 249 lightning suppressors, 410, 419 Mac OS X Server 10.3 (Panther) Maxum Development, 405 ruggedized enclosures, 434 AirPort configuration, 96 McAffee’s VirusScan, 328 mouse, Bluetooth, 132–135 VPN software, built-in, 265 McDonalds, 353 MP3 players, 30, 229–231 multi-player gaming, 186, 235–236 Macintosh systems. See also specific McQuitty, Thomas, 28 OS versions Media Access Control addresses. multiple access points, 175–176. See AirPort configuration, 89–96 See MAC addresses also bridges AirPort troubleshooting guide, Meetinghouse Aegis Server, 270 music downloads, 289 156, 272 mesh networks, 49–51, 443–444 music players, wireless, 229–231 America Online connections, MeshNetworks, 51 My Docs Online, 383 sharing, 192–193, 214 messages Apple System Profiler, 487 email (See email) AppleTalk protocol, 464–465 encrypting (See public-key cryp- N configuration interfaces for wireless tography) N connectors, 417 gateways, 181–182 Metcalfe, Bob, 444 Index 519

Nalley’s Big Chunk Beef Stew can gateways (See gateways) proprietary protocol support in antennas, 414 hubs (See hubs) wireless gateways, 184 names network adapters (See network SMTP, 468 access point SSIDs, 175–176, 216 adapters) TCP/IP, 463–464 host names, mapping IP addresses routers, 460 ZEROCONF, 464–465 to, 184–185, 465–467 switches, 180–181 network topologies network name settings, wireless switching hubs, 458 bus networks, 442 clients, 79 Wi-Fi certification, 10, 11 mesh networks, 443–444 NAT gateways, 466 wireless hardware overview, 19, 20 ring networks, 442–443 NAT (Network Address Transla- wireless network adapters (See star networks, 440–441 tion) wireless network adapters) network traffic security. See also NAT gateways, 466 network diagrams security of data overview, 462–463 overview, 167–168 EtherPEG, 306 as passive firewall, 330–331 representing access points, 169 ettercap utility, 308 port forwarding, 186 representing bridges, 171 liability considerations, 288, VPNs and, 188, 323 representing computers, 169 289–292 in wireless gateways, 183–184 representing gateways, 169 listening to, 306–308 Netatalk, 144 representing HomePlug bridges, local traffic protection, 262–263 NetBarrier X3, 329 172, 173 ntop utility, 307 NetBEUI, 464 representing hubs, 169 roving traffic protection, 263–267 NetDrive Wireless, Martian Tech- representing Internet, 171–172 tcpdump utility, 306 nology, 228–229 representing modems, 171 Networked DVD player, Go- NetGate, 25, 162 representing printers, 169, 171 Video, 231 NetNearU, 344 representing wired connections, networks Netopia, 329 169, 172 collisions, 441 NetStumbler, 160, 276 representing wireless connections, connecting different network Netstumbler, 303 169, 172 protocols (See routers) network adapters. See also wireless network hardware. See network connecting different network types network adapters devices (See bridges) configuring network settings, network interface cards. See failures (See troubleshooting) 469–478 network adapters frames, 441 overview, 453 network monitoring software, 405 Internet sharing (See Internet tips for working while traveling, network names, troubleshooting connections, sharing) 390 network connectivity, 161, 276 long-range wireless (See long- troubleshooting, 156–157, 160, 162 network protocols range wireless networks) types of, 454–455 AppleTalk, 464–465 network communication overview, Network Address Translation. DHCP (See DHCP) 441 See NAT (Network Address DNS, 465–467 overview, 435–437, 441 Translation) Ethernet, 463 problem solving (See trouble- network authentication in wireless Ethernet protocol, 444 shooting) gateways, 188 FTP, 467–468 protocols (See network protocols) network-based backups, 439–440 HTTP, 468 railroad analogy, 436–437, 453, network cables. See cables, network IMAP, 468 459, 466 network cards. See also network NAT (See NAT (Network Address segments, 441 adapters; wireless network Translation)) throughput, 441 adapters NetBEUI, 464 topologies, 440–444 tips for working while traveling, overview, 461–462 troubleshooting (See trouble- 390 password encryption, 467 shooting) network devices. See also hardware POP, 468 uses for networks, 437–440 access points (See access points) PPP, 462 wireless (See wireless networks) antennas (See antennas) PPPoE, 189–190, 462 New Architect magazine, 297 bridges (See bridges) 520 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

New York City, wireless access in, OSS (operations support systems), passwords. See also passphrases 336 347 APOP (Authenticated POP), Newbury Open.net, 340 overhead. See packet overhead 310–311 NICs. See network adapters email password encryption, Nikon D2H Pro, 220–221 310–311, 467 Nomad printer, Mobile Command P encryption by network protocols, Systems, 226 467 packet bursting (frame bursting) Norton AntiVirus, 328 extracting using ettercap utility, technology, 16–17, 43 ntop utility, 307 308 packet headers, 306 NYCwireless, 336 guidelines for secure passwords, packet overhead, 12, 16–17 291 packet-switched networks, 39 on non-secure Web sites, 310 packets, 436 recommendations for data security, O PageSentry, 405 291 O2Connect, 340 pairing Bluetooth devices. See also WEP keys (See WEP authentica- office building networks, likeli- Bluetooth tion and encryption) hood of snooping, 287 bidirectional pairing, 116 WPA keys (See WPA authentica- Oh, Michael, 340 discoverability settings, 116, 118, tion and encryption) omnidirectional antennas, 258, 122 patch antennas, 258–259, 411–412 409, 410, 428 discovering other devices, 116, patch cables, 447. See also crossover OmniGraffle, 168 119–121, 122–125, 126 cables on the road. See traveling one-way pairing, 138 PC card network adapters. See also one-time connections. See ad hoc overview, 115–117 network adapters networks passphrases, 116, 117 mesh networking capabilities, 51 one-way pairing. See pairing Blue- T68i cell phones with Macintosh, network adapters for Macintosh tooth devices 371–373 systems, 28 online calculators under Mac OS, 122–125, 371–373 open source driver, OS X, 29 free-space signal loss calculator, under Palm OS, 116 overview, 24, 25, 454 423 under Windows XP, 117–121 troubleshooting network adapters, Fresnel zone and radio line of sight, Palm OS handhelds 156–157, 160, 162 431 advanced network connections, Windows network adapters, gain calculators, 420, 425 106–108 installing, 60 online file storage, 383 Enfora Wireless LAN Portfolio, 31 PC Cards online information. See URLs HotSyncing using Bluetooth, deactivating, 157 Open Directory Project, 398 126–129 network adapters (See PC card open networks intermediate network connections, network adapters) connecting to wireless networks, 26 105–106 PCI card network adapters, 24, liability considerations, 288–289 network settings, modifying, 106, 26–27, 28, 60, 454 stumbler programs, 303–306, 108 PCs. See Windows systems 387–388 preferred network adapters, 24, PCS Connection Manager, 368 open source software and drivers, 30–31 PDFFactory, 154 29, 102, 312 simple network connections, 104 PDFs, 154 operations support systems (OSS), VPN settings, 107 Perl scripts, 319 347 panel antennas, 258–259, 411–412 personal certificates, 320 Oppenheimer, Alan, 325 parabolic antennas, 409, 412 personal firewalls, 329 Orinoco, 76–78, 100–101 parallel port network adapters, 455 Personal Telco, 336, 337 OS 8.6. See Mac OS 8.6 Part 15 Regulations, FCC, 427 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), OS X. See Mac OS X passive FTP, 468 311–315 OS 9.x. See Mac OS 9.x passive hubs, 457–458 PhoneNet networks, 449–450 OS X Server 10.3 (Panther). See passphrases, 116, 117, 263, 312. See phones, wireless, 233–235 Mac OS X Server 10.3 (Panther) also passwords photo players, wireless, 230–231 passthrough (port forwarding), 186 physics of solid objects, 5 Index 521 pigtails port mapping (port forwarding), PDF files as alternative, 154 connecting antennas, 33–34, 186, 214 print servers, wireless, 224–226 415–416 Portland, Oregon, Wi-Fi access print spooling, 191, 226 FCC regulations, 34, 416 in, 337 printer adapters, wireless, 224 overview, 415–416 ports printers in network diagrams, 169, Seattle Wireless Pigtails Web page, firewalls and, 466 171 416 overview, 466 USB printers, 154 signal loss in antenna cable, 416, port mapping, 186, 214, 466 Wi-Fi-enabled printers, 226 422 port numbers, 466 between Windows and Macintosh ping test, 278 ports adjacent to uplink ports, 447 computers, 154, 226, 439 Pioneer Courthouse Square Wi-Fi uplink ports, 447 wireless gateways as print servers, access, 337 well-known ports, 466 191 planning wireless networks PostScript printers, 225 PrintToPDF, 154 access point locations, 174, 175–176 power cycling privacy, 286. See also security gathering network information, troubleshooting Internet connec- private keys. See public-key cryp- 168–169 tions, 281 tography inaccessible rooms and signal troubleshooting need for frequent problem solving. See trouble- strength, 168, 169 reboots, 277, 279 shooting; troubleshooting multiple access points, 175–176 troubleshooting network connec- process network diagrams, 167–173 tivity, 162 problems, insolvable, 488 overview, 167 power lines, HomePlug networks, problems, reporting, 486–487, shopping list, 173 451–452 487–488. See also trouble- plenum-rated cable, 446 Power Macs, 24, 28, 96–97 shooting; troubleshooting Pocket PC handhelds, 24, 30–31, power output process 108–114, 305 allowable output/antenna gain profiles PoE devices, 175 combinations, 428–429 Boingo Wireless client configura- point-to-multipoint networks watts to dBm conversion chart, tion, 359–361 multiple bridges, 254 409, 428 computer profiles, troubleshooting omnidirectional antennas, 410 Power over Ethernet devices, 175 process, 486–487 power output/antenna gain, allow- PowerBooks, 24, 29, 96–97 ConfigFree software, Centrino able combinations, 428 Pozar, Tim, 427 laptops, 83–85 sector antennas, 411 PPPoE, 189–190, 462 projection, wireless, 232–233 promiscuous mode, 306 point-to-point networks PPTP, 323. See also VPNs FCC regulations, 430 pre-shared keys, 263 Pronto Networks, 344 paired bridges, 254 pre-shared secrets, 263, 301 protecting networks from unau- thorized access. See security of panel antennas, 258–259, 411–412 precipitation, effect on signal computer systems; security of strength, 423, 425 patch antennas, 258–259, 411–412 data; security of networks Preferred Networks list, Windows power output/antenna gain, allow- protocols. See network protocols able combinations, 428–429 XP, 66 protocols, network Point-to-Point Tunneling Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), AppleTalk, 464–465 Protocol, 323. See also VPNs 311–315 DHCP (See DHCP) POP and POP servers preventing unauthorized network DNS, 465–467 APOP password encryption, access. See security of computer 310–311 systems; security of data; secu- Ethernet, 463 email password encryption, 467 rity of networks FTP, 467–468 overview, 468 “Pringles can” antennas, 414 HTTP, 468 POP account, checking then print servers, 191, 224–226 IMAP, 468 sending mail, 381 print spooling, 191, 226 NetBEUI, 464 XTND XMIT option, 382 printer adapters, wireless, 224 overview, 461–462 port forwarding, 186, 315, 316–317, printer sharing password encryption, 467 318 Dave, 154, 226, 439 POP, 468 overview, 438–439 PPP, 462 522 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

PPPoE, 189–190, 462 data transmission methods, 6–7 two-hop networks, 404 proprietary protocol support in infrared band, 4 repeaters, 20, 22 wireless gateways, 184 interference, 5 reporting problems, 486–487, 487– SMTP, 468 physics of solid objects, 5 488. See also troubleshooting; TCP/IP, 463–464 unlicensed spectrum, 4 troubleshooting process public-key cryptography RADIUS, wireless gateway reproducible problems, 480 GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 312 support, 188 resellers. See also aggregators overview, 312–313 railroad analogy for networks, Airpath Wireless, 344 PGP, 315 436–437, 453, 459, 466 Cometa Networks, 344 sharing keys, 314– 315 rain, effect on signal strength, 423, custom WISP configuration soft- in SSH, 316 425 ware, 357–358 in SSL, 319–320 RAM drives, USB, backing up FatPort, 344 public keys. See public-key cryp- data, 384 hot spot services, creating, 347 tography; SSL range of wireless network adapters, NetNearU, 344 public libraries, wireless networks 238 Pronto Networks, 344 at, 336, 338 Real World Adobe GoLive, xxi Speakeasy, 347 pulses, Ultra Wideband transmis- Real World Scanning and Halftones, Sprint PCS, 349, 368 sions, 52–54 xxi STSN, 345 Pulver Innovations, 234 rebooting components Surf and Sip, 345 punch-through (port forwarding), troubleshooting Internet connec- Verizon Wireless, 349, 370 186 tions, 281, 432 Wayport, 345 purchasing wireless networking troubleshooting need for frequent resetting components resets, 277, 279 equipment. See also cost consid- troubleshooting Internet connec- erations; planning wireless troubleshooting network connec- tions, 281, 432 tivity, 158 networks troubleshooting need for frequent network diagrams, 167–173 receive amplifiers, 418 resets, 277, 279 shopping list, 173 receive sensitivity, radio trans- troubleshooting network connec- ceivers, 424–425 tivity, 162 reception, troubleshooting, restricting access to computers. See 275–276 security of computer systems Q Recording Industry Association of Quality of Service (QoS), 802.11e restricting access to data. See secu- America (RIAA), 289 rity of data standard, 43 Red Fang, 306 questions, troubleshooting process, restricting access to networks. See redundant Internet connections, security of networks 481–483 397–398 QuickerTek, 163 retail locations with wireless Reisert, Joseph, 409 networks relay access points, WDS, 249 Apple Stores, 340 relaying email, 380 Barnes & Noble, 354 R remote access points, WDS, 249 Borders, 354 rabbit ear antennas, 259, 413 remote backup programs, 384 free retail locations, 339–341 The Race for Bandwidth, xxi remote configuration settings, 210 Kinko’s, 354 radiation patterns, antennas, 409 remote control software, 383 McDonalds, 353 radio transceivers remote locations, extending Newbury Street, Boston, 340 power output/antenna gain, allow- existing networks. See also long- Schlotzsky’s Deli, 353–354 range wireless networks able combinations, 428–429 St. Louis, Missouri, 340 determining antenna locations, receive sensitivity, 424–425 Starbucks, 352–353 402–404 transmit power, 420–421 Retrospect, 439 extending Internet access, 396–401 Radio Transmission Technology RIAA (Recording Industry Asso- overview, 395–396, 401–402 (1xRTT), 2.5G networks, 41 ciation of America), 289 testing antenna locations, 403 radio waves Ricoh Caplio Pro G3, 221 troubleshooting long-range 2.4 GHz band, 5 ring networks, 442–443 5 GHz band, 5 networks, 404–406 Index 523

RoamAD, 51 account access information, 379 triggers in wireless gateways, 186 roaming. See traveling APOP encryption, 310–311 VPNs (virtual private networks), roaming aggregators. See aggrega- authentication (See authentication 107, 112–114, 188, 322–324, 362, tors and authentication protocols) 385 rooms, inaccessible, and signal closed networks (See closed WEP encryption (See WEP strength, 168, 169 networks) authentication and encryption) router addresses, 471, 476, 477 of computers (See security of WPA encryption (See WPA routers, 51, 281, 460. See also access computer systems) authentication and encryption) points; gateways content encryption, 311–315 security of computer systems ruggedized enclosures, 434 DMZs, 186 anti-virus software, 327–328 rural Internet access. See long- encryption (See encryption and basic precautions, 327 range wireless networks encryption keys) damage to data, 292 rural networks, likelihood of end-to-end encryption (See end- denial of service (DoS) attacks, snooping, 287 to-end encryption) 293, 327 fingerprints, 314, 316 exploitation of vulnerabilities, firewalls (See firewalls) 292–293 S HomePlug networks, 452 firewalls, 328–331 IP address authentication, 297 laptops security, 390–391 “Safe Mode with Networking,” 158 laptop security while traveling, liability considerations, 288, safety of data. See security 390–391 292–293 Samba, 144 liability considerations, 286, likelihood of attacks, 286–287 Samsung ML2152W Wi-Fi- 287–288, 287–293 NAT (Network Address Transla- enabled printer, 226 likelihood of attacks, 286–287 tion), 330–331, 462–463 San Francisco International listening to network traffic, “shoulder surfers,” 390–391 Airport Wi-Fi access, 337 306–308 theft of data, 292 SanDisk, 30 MAC addresses and, 296–297, 456 types of attacks, 325–327 Sanswire Technologies, 55 NAT gateways, 466 viruses, 293, 326–327 Sanyo Electric DSC-SX560 proto- open networks (See open networks) worms, 293, 326 type, 221 overview of security considerations, security of data satellite-based Internet access, 399 285–286 account access information, 291 scanning networks, 306–308 password guidelines, 291 basic precautions, 327 Schiphol Airport, Wi-Fi access port forwarding in wireless gate- in, 351 content encryption, 311–315 ways, 186 Schlotzsky’s Deli, 353–354 contents of files and email, 291 privacy article, TidBITS, 286 SCP (Secure Copy), 319 damage to data, 292 public-key cryptography (See SCSI Ethernet adapters, 455 email password encryption, public-key cryptography) 310–311, 467 searching for technical support, restricting access to computers (See encrypted data, typical, 290 484–486. See also trouble- security of computer systems) shooting; troubleshooting encryption, benefits of, 309–310 restricting access to data (See secu- process liability considerations, 288, rity of data) Seattle Wireless Pigtails Web 289–292 restricting access to networks (See page, 416 listening to network traffic, security of networks) sector antennas, 411 306–308 secure networks, configuring wire- Secure Digital IO card network local traffic protection, 262–263 less gateways, 199–200, 202–203, online movements, tracking, 291 adapters (SDIO), 24, 30–31 208–209 overview, 309 Secure FTP, 317, 320, 322 SMTP AUTH command, 311, password guidelines, 291 Secure FTP 101 article, 322 381–382 public-key cryptography, 312–315 Secure Sockets Layer. See SSL snooping and spread-spectrum (Secure Sockets Layer) transmission, 7 roaming users, 263–267 security SSH (Secure Shell), 315–319, 382 SSH (Secure Shell), 315–319 802.11i standard, 45 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), access points, security features, 22 319–322 319–322 theft of data, 292 524 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

TKIP encryption keys, 262–263 sharing files. See file sharing access points, planning locations, types of data at risk, 290–291 sharing Internet connections 174 unencrypted data, typical, 289–290 access points as gateways, 22 amplifiers, 418–419 VPNs (virtual private networks), America Online connections, antenna gain, calculating (See gain, 107, 112–114, 188, 263–267, 192–193, 214 calculating) 322–324, 362, 385 DHCP clients, 189 dB, dBi, dBm ratings, 408–409 WEP encryption (See WEP liability considerations, 288–289 inaccessible rooms and, 168, 169 authentication and encryption) long-range Internet connections, increasing, 162–163 WEP key extraction tool, 308 396–401 planning access point locations, 174 WPA encryption (See WPA MAC address cloning, 190, 456 power output/antenna gain, allow- authentication and encryption) Macintosh systems, 238–240, able combinations, 428–429 security of networks 240–241 receive sensitivity, radio trans- 802.11i standard, 300–302 overview, 437–438 ceivers, 424–425 802.1X protocol, 267–270 PPPoE, 189–190 satellite-based wireless networking, authenticated logins, 267–270 security (See security of networks) 56 closed networks (See closed single vs. multiple IP addresses, stumbling tools, 174, 387–388 networks) 213, 400–401 tools for finding networks, 174 copyrighted music downloads, 289 software access points, 237–238 transmit power, radio transceivers, ineffective security measures, WEP encryption considerations, 420–421 295–297 241 troubleshooting, 162–163 legality of monitoring tools, 303, Windows XP systems, 241–243 troubleshooting blocked reception, 308 wireless gateway features, 189–190 275–276 liability considerations, 288–289 sharing printers. See printer troubleshooting network connec- listening to network traffic, sharing tivity, 162–163 306–308 Shiekh, Dr. A., 427 signing files. See public-key cryp- MAC addresses, restricting access shielded twisted pair wiring, 446 tography by, 296–297, 456 shopping list, planning wireless silver satin wiring, 445 open networks, abuse of, 288–289 networks, 173 simultaneous users, gateway restricting network access, 296–297 “shoulder surfers,” 390–391 support for, 192 stumbler programs, 303–306 Sierra Wireless AirCard 555, SIPphone, 234 tools for monitoring networks, 375–377 site checks, 400 302–308 signal loss. See also signal quality; Sky Station International, 55 WEP encryption vulnerabilities, signal strength SLIMP3, 229–230 297–300 in antenna cable, 416, 421–422 SMA connectors, 417 WEP key extraction tool, 308 from connectors, 417, 421 small office networks WPA encryption, 300–302 distance between antennas, data security, local users, 262–263 security patches, Windows 423–424 data security, roaming users, systems, 326 effect of weather, 423, 425 263–267 segments, network, 441 free-space signal loss, 422–424 TKIP encryption keys, 262–263 self-signed certificates, 320 minimizing antenna cable length, VPNs (virtual private networks), Sentman, James, 405 431–432 263–267 Service Set Identifier (SSID), pigtails, 416, 422 WPA encryption, 262–263 175–176, 216 signal quality. See also interference; Smart ID WFS-1 Wi-Fi detector, settings, custom, troubleshooting signal loss; signal strength 227 network devices, 280 interference in 2.4 GHz signals, SMTP, 468 shared secrets 274 SMTP AUTH, 311, 381–382 pre-shared secrets, 263, 301 spread spectrum transmission, 6–7 sniffing network traffic, 306–308 WEP encryption, 298, 299 troubleshooting intermittent snooping, protection from. See WPA encryption, 301 signals, 274 security of networks SharePoints, 151 signal reflection, 18 snow, effect on signal strength, sharing America Online connec- signal strength. See also signal loss; 423, 425 tions, 192–193, 214 signal quality “The Social Life of Paper,” 438 Index 525 software, internal (firmware), 190, wireless gateways, selecting, Starbucks, 352–353 277, 281 178–179 static IP addresses, 401 software access points SpeedStream Powerline Wireless still cameras, Wi-Fi-enabled, Internet Sharing (OS X), config- Access Point, 452 220–221 uring, 240–241 spread spectrum transmission, 6–7 streaming media, 36, 221–223 IPNetRouter, 240, 460 Sprint PCS STSN, 345 limitations of, 238 2.5G network plans, 41 stumbler programs and tools overview, 21, 237–238 cellular data network plans, 40, 372 finding Bluetooth devices, 306 simulating with ad hoc networking hot spot networks, 41 finding networks while traveling, (Windows XP), 241–243 reselling Wi-Fi access, 349 387–388 Software Base Station, configuring, Wi-Fi client configuration soft- handheld Wi-Fi detectors, 227, 238–240 ware, 368 388 troubleshooting wired-to-wireless spur-of-the-moment networks. See Macintosh stumblers, 304–305 connections, 279 ad hoc networks planning access point locations, 174 Software Base Station, config- Sputnik, 347 Pocket PC stumblers, 305 uring, 238–240 SSH Communications Security, Unix stumblers, 305 software VPN servers, 264–265. 317 Wi-Fisense, 228 See also VPNs (virtual private SSH (Secure Shell) Windows stumblers, 303 networks) Anonymizer.com, 317 Stunnel, 322 solid objects available software, 317 subnet mask, 471, 472, 476, 477 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, 5 email, SSH tunneling, 382 Sullivan, Jim, 339 concrete walls, 275–276 encryption process, 316–317 support. See technical support infrared networks, 4–5 overview, 315–316 Surf and Sip, 345 physics of, 5 SCP (Secure Copy), 319 Sustainable Softworks, 240, 278, troubleshooting blocked reception, Secure FTP, 317 329, 460 275–276 terminal SSH, 318–319 switching hubs, 458 UWB (Ultra Wideband) transmis- SSIDs, 175–176, 216 system failures. See troubleshooting sions, 52 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) System Information program, 487 Sony products, 229, 231–232, available software, 322 371–375 system profiles, 486–487 email program support, 381 SoundBlaster Wireless Music, 231 system security. See attacks; secu- enabling, 321 rity of computer systems South Korea, 42 overview, 320–321 Speakeasy, 347 public-key cryptography, 319–320 specifications, 9 Secure FTP, 320, 322 SpectraLink, 234 T St. Louis, Missouri, Wi-Fi access spectrum, electromagnetic. See T-Mobile, 40, 41, 343, 372 in, 340 electromagnetic spectrum T-Mobile HotSpot, 41, 343, 345, Stairways Software, 278 speeds of networks. See also 370 standards. See also names of specific throughput TCP/IP, 463–464 standards 2.5G networks, 40–41 tcpdump utility, 306 compatibility (See compatibility 3G networks, 39–40 among standards) Tech Superpowers, 340 802.15 standards, 36 history of wireless networking technical support. See also trouble- 802.11a standard, 14 standards, 9–10 shooting; troubleshooting process 802.11b standard, 12 IEEE (See entries beginning with 802.11g standard, 15, 16 “802”) AirPort troubleshooting guide, 156, 272 802.11n standard, 45 in networking world, 9 expert friends, 484–485 Bluetooth, 35 value of in networking, 436 locating expert help, 485–486 cellular data networks, 38–39, 371, Wi-Fi certification, 10 reporting problems, 486–488 376–377 star networks, 440–442 telephone wiring, 449–450, determining standard(s) needed, StarBand Communications, 56, 450–451 178–179 399 telephones, wireless, 233–235 526 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

television transmitters, wireless, star networks, 440–441 laptop security, 390–391 231–232 TopoZone.com, 402 legal channel usage in different TeliaSonera, 42 Toshiba 1K-Wb11a Wi-Fi video countries, 13 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol camera, 223 login access while traveling, 389 (TKIP). See TKIP. Tourrilhes, Jean, 100, 102 network setup while traveling, 388 Tenzing Communications, 355 trade shows, wireless networks at, personal firewall software, 329 terminal SSH, 318–319 341 security considerations, 327 termination, bus networks, 442 traffic, listening to. See also security tips for working while traveling, tests, in troubleshooting process, of data 389–390 481–483 EtherPEG, 306 troubleshooting roaming network ThickNet, 444 ettercap utility, 308 access, 163 ThinNet, 445 liability considerations, 288, VPNs, 385 throughput 289–292 wireless aggregators, 346–349 10Base-2 Ethernet, 445 local traffic protection, 262–263 wireless ISPs (WISPs), 342–346, 10Base-5 Ethernet, 444 ntop utility, 307 398–399 100Base-T Ethernet, 446 roving traffic protection, 263–267 triggers, 186 1000Base-T Ethernet, 448 tcpdump utility, 306 Tripwire, 292 2.5G networks, 40–41 traffic, security of. See security of Tropos Networks, 51 3G networks, 39–40 data troubleshooting. See also trouble- 802.15 standards, 36 transceiver power, Wi-Fi PC shooting process 802.11a standard, 10, 14 cards, 25 802.11b networks, 156 802.11b standard, 10 transceivers access points, need for frequent 802.11g standard, 10, 15, 16, 17 power output/antenna gain, allow- resets, 277, 279 802.11n standard, 45 able combinations, 428–429 AirPort troubleshooting guide, 1000Base-T Ethernet, 448 receive sensitivity, 424–425 156, 272 Bluetooth, 35 transmit power, 420–421 blocked reception, 273, 275–276 cellular data networks, 38–39, 371, transferring files, 17, 36, 130–132. Boingo Wireless connections, 363 376–377 See also file sharing; FTP client software, 156–162 description of, 441 transmit amplifiers, 418 connectivity, 156–162, 276–277, HomePlug networks, 451 transmit power, radio transceivers, 278, 279, 280–281 420–421 HomePNA networks, 450 custom settings, re-entering, 280 transparency of networks. See hub types and, 457–458 firewall settings, 281 security LocalTalk networks, 449 firmware problems, 190, 277, 281 traveling WDS bridges, 249 how to (See troubleshooting access accounts, commercial process) Thursby Systems, 143, 192, 226 networks, 379 insolvable problems, 488 T68i cell phone, 371–373, 373–375 airport wireless networks, 350–351 interference, 274 TidBITS, 286, xxi backing up data, 384 intermittent signal, 274 Timbuktu Pro, 383 commercial wireless networks, long-range connections, 405 Titanium PowerBook G4s, 29, 163 341–355 long-range networks, 404–406 TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity community network directory, 336 Protocol), 45, 262–263, 301 network adapters, 156–157, 160, connecting to wireless networks, 162 TNC connectors, 417 388–389 overview, 271–272, 479, 488 token ring networks, 442–443 email complications, 380–382 ping test, 278 Tompkins County Public Library, files, ensuring access to, 382–384 ports adjacent to uplink ports, 447 336, 338 finding networks (See finding wire- Tools4ever, 405 process (See troubleshooting less networks) process) topographical maps, 403 free wireless networks, 336–341 roaming network access, 163 topologies, network 3G phones in Europe and Asia, 40 signal strength, 162–163, 272–274 bus networks, 442 hot spot directories, 339 using Connectivity Doctor, mesh networks, 443–444 Internet access on the road, ConfigFree software, 85–87 ring networks, 442–443 387–389 Index 527

WDS (Wireless Distribution unlicensed spectrum, 4 BrickHouse, 329 System), 282 unshielded twisted pair wiring, 446 Broadband Wireless Exchange wired-to-wireless connections, 279 uplink ports, 447 Magazine, 398 wireless network problems, over- urban networks, likelihood of Buffalo Technology, USB wireless view, 271–272 snooping, 287 adapter, 31 Wireless Network Troubleshooting URLs can antennas, 414 Web page, 156 21st Century Airships, 55 Casio XF-800 Wi-Fi color televi- troubleshooting process. See also 802.11b Driver for OS X sion, 232 troubleshooting (IOXperts), 96 cd3o, 231 answering questions, 482–483 activePDF Composer, 154 Centrino laptops, 81 asking questions, 481–482 adding antennas to AirPort Base Cisco Systems, 25, 234 describing parts of malfunctioning Stations, 34, 256 Cometa Networks, 344 system, 480–481 Advanced Technologies Group, 55 community network directory, 336 error messages, 480 Aegis Server, 270 community networking sites, 407 expert help, locating, 483–486, 488 Aerosol, 303 connectors, antenna cables, 417 identifying problems, 479–480 AeroVironment, 54 Connexion by Boeing, 355 intermittent problems, 480 AirBoard, Sony, 231–232 Creative Technology, 231 reporting problems, 486–488 Airpanel Smart Displays, ViewS- D-Link gateways, 185 reproducible problems, 480 onic, 232 D-Link Wi-Fi video cameras, 222 system profiles, 486–487 Airpath Wireless, 344 Dana Street Roasting Company, unsolvable problems, 488 AirPort Base Station, attaching 340 visible indicators, 480 antennas to, 34, 256 Dantz Development, 329, 439 Troy WindConnect Bluetooth AirPort Extreme Admin Utility for Dave, 143, 192, 226 Wireless Printer Adapter, 224 Windows, 204 dBm to watts conversion chart, tunnels AirSnort, 308 409, 428 SSH (Secure Shell), 315–319 Aloha Networks, 56 Direcway, 56, 399 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), amplifiers, 418 Dr. Bott, 34 319–322 Angel Technologies, 54 dstumbler, 305 VPNs (virtual private networks), Anonymizer.com, 317 dynamic DNS information, 107, 112–114, 188, 322–324, 362, antenna radiation patterns, 409 184–185 385 Apple AirPort Weblog, xx electromagnetic radiation, health turning components on and off. See Apple file sharing information, 152 concerns, 408 power cycling Apple printer sharing information, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 7 turnkey hot spot services, 347 152 Enfora Wireless LAN Portfolio, 31 twisted pair wiring, 445, 446 Apple Stores, Wi-Fi access, 340 EnGenius card, 25, 162 two-hop networks, 404 ApSniff, 303 Epson Bluetooth Print Adapter, Asanté FR1004AL gateway, 225 224 Australian token ring network, 443 Ethernet, Bob Metcalfe’s sketch, U Axis 5800+ Mobile print server, 444 Ultra Wideband (UWB), 52–54 225 EtherPEG, 306 Ultra Wideband Working Group, Axis 5810 Print Plug, 224 ettercap utility, 308 52 Barnes & Noble, 354 EZGoalHotspots, 339 unauthorized network access. See Bay Area Wireless Users Group, F-Secure, 317 security of networks 427 FatPort, 344 universities, wireless networks at, Beef Stew can antennas, 414 FCC Part 15 Regulations, 427 163, 338–339 Belkin, 28 Flickenger, Rob, 414 Unix-like systems Bluetooth Special Interest Group, free-space signal loss calculator, configuration interfaces for wireless 37 423 gateways, 181–182 Boingo client software, 358 Free World Dialup, 234 stumbler programs, 305 Boingo Wireless, 346–348 FreeS/WAN, 265 Wi-Fi drivers, 99–100 Borders, 354 Fresnel zone, 431 528 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

“frottle,” 443 Jiwire, 339, xxii O2Connect, 340 FSV-PGX1 file server, Sony, 229 Kensington Technology Group, OmniGraffle, 168 gain calculators, 420, 425 391 Open Directory Project, 398 Gimp-Print, 192 Kensington Wi-Fi Finder, 227 open-source PC card driver, Gladwell, Malcolm, 438 keyservers, 314 OS X, 29 Gloo Labs, 230 KisMAC, 304 Orinoco, 76 Glub Tech, 322 Kismet, 305 PageSentry, 405 Go-Video Networked DVD player, Leffler, Sam, 101 Part 15 Regulations, white paper, 231 lightning suppressors, 419 427 Google, 340 Linksys, 30, 32, 222–223 PDF creation utilities, 154 GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 312 Linux-WLAN project, 102 PDFFactory, 154 Grandstream Networks, 234 LocustWorld, 51 Personal Telco, 336 GRIC Communications, 349 3M Notebook Privacy Filter, 391 PGP Corporation, 312 hardware abstraction layer for .Mac, 383 Pozar, Tim, white paper on Part 15 Atheros chips, 101 Mac OS X Server 10.3 (Panther), Regulations, 427 health concerns, electromagnetic VPN software, 265 PrintToPDF, 154 radiation, 408 MacStumbler, 160, 276, 304 privacy article, TidBITS, 286 Herkimer Coffee, 340 MacWireless, 175 Pronto Networks, 344 Hewlett-Packard Wi-Fi drivers, MacWireless 802.11b PCI card, 28 Pulver Innovations, 234 100 Martian Technology, 228–229 QuickerTek, 163 home-built antennas, 414 Maxum Development, 405 receive sensitivity, common HomePlug, 452 McAffee’s VirusScan, 328 networking devices, 424 HomePNA, 451 McDonalds Wi-Fi access, 353 Reisert, Joseph, 409 HomePod, 230 McQuitty, Thomas, 28 Retrospect, 439 hot spot directories, 337 Meetinghouse Aegis Server, 270 Ricoh Caplio Pro G3, 221 Hotspot-Locations, 339 MeshNetworks, 51 RoamAD, 51 HotSpotList.com, 339 Metcalfe, Bob, 444 Samba, 144 Hughes Network Systems, 56 Ministumbler, 305 Samsung ML2152W Wi-Fi- HyperLink Technologies, 34, 175, Mobile Command Systems, 226 enabled printer, 226 179, 257, 418, 419 MonitorMagic, 405 SanDisk, 30 IBackup, 383 My Docs Online, 383 Sanswire Technologies, 55 IBM 802.11b Wireless Print Nalley’s Big Chunk Beef Stew can Sanyo Electric DSC-SX560 proto- Adapter, 224 antennas, 414 type, 221 Intego NetBarrier X3, 329 Netatalk, 144 Schlotzsky’s Deli, 353–354 Intel Pro/Wireless 2100 Network NetBarrier X3, 329 Secure FTP 101 article, 322 Connection card, 81 NetDrive Wireless, Martian Tech- security status report, 300 Interarchy, 278, 317 nology, 228–229 Sentman, James, 405 IOXperts, 29, 96 NetGate, 25, 162 SharePoints, 151 IP addresses for authentication NetNearU, 344 SIPphone, 234 (article), 297 Netopia, 329 Sky Station International, 55 iPass, 348 NetStumbler, 160, 276 SLIMP3, 229–230 IPNetMonitor, 278 Netstumbler, 303 Smart ID WFS-1 Wi-Fi detector, IPNetRouter, 240, 460 network monitoring software, 405 227 IPNetSentry, 329 New Architect magazine, 297 “The Social Life of Paper,” 438 Ipswitch, 405 Newbury Open.net, 340 Sony AirBoard, 231–232 IQinVision IQeye3 Wi-Fi video Nikon D2H Pro, 220–221 Sony FSV-PGX1 file server, 229 camera, 223 Nomad printer, Mobile Command SoundBlaster Wireless Music, 231 iStumbler, 305 Systems, 226 Speakeasy, 347 Java-based AirPort Extreme Base Norton AntiVirus, 328 SpectraLink, 234 Station configuration program, ntop utility, 307 SpeedStream Powerline Wireless 204 NYCwireless, 336 Access Point, 452 Index 529

Sprint PCS client software, 368 Wi-Fi FreeSpot Directory, 339 CDMA cellular data network, Sputnik, 347 Wi-Fi Networking News, xx, xxii 375–377 SSH Communications Security, Wi-Fi Networking News site, xx cellular data network plans, 40, 372 317 WiFiConsulting VPN service, 266 hot spot networks, 41–42 Stairways Software, 278 WiFinder, 339 Sierra Wireless AirCard 555, StarBand Communications, 56, WiFisense, 228 375–377 399 WiMax Forum, 47 wireless networks, 349, 370 Starbucks wireless networks, Windows Server 2003, 270 video cameras, Wi-Fi-enabled, 352–353 Windows Server 2003, VPN 221–223 STSN, 345 support, 264 ViewSonic Airpanel Smart Stunnel, 322 WinSCP, 317 Displays, 232 Surf and Sip, 345 Wireless-B Game Adapter, virtual private networks. See VPNs Sustainable Softworks, 240, 278, 235–236 viruses. See also security of data 329 Wireless-B Media Adapter, 230 anti-virus software, 327–328 Symantec, 328 Wireless-G Game Adapter, macro viruses, 328 T-Mobile HotSpot, 345 235–236 system security considerations, 293, tcpdump utility, 306 Wireless-G VPN Broadband 326–327 Tech Superpowers, 340 Router, 266 VirusScan, McAffee’s, 328 Tenzing Communications, 355 Wireless Network Troubleshooting visible indicators, troubleshooting this book’s Web site, xx Web page, 156 process, 480 Thursby Systems, 143, 192, 226 Wireless Node Database Project, Visio, 168 TidBITS, 286, xxi 339 Vocera Communications Badge, Timbuktu Pro, 383 Wireless Security Corporation, 270 235 Tools4ever, 405 WirelessDriver, 96 Voice over IP (VoIP), 43, 234 TopoZone.com, 402 WISP directories, 398 Voice over Wireless IP (VoWIP), Toshiba 1K-Wb11a Wi-Fi video Working Group on Wireless 234 camera, 223 Broadband Acess Standards, Vonage, 234 Tourrilhes, Jean, 100, 102 46–47 VPNs (virtual private networks) transceiver power, white paper, 25 WPA encryption patch, Windows as alternative to WPA encryption, Tripwire, 292 XP, 61 264 Tropos Networks, 51 WPG-11 Wireless Presentation Boingo Wireless VPN connection, Gateway, Linksys, 233 266, 362 Troy WindConnect Bluetooth Wireless Printer Adapter, 224 WPG-12 Wireless Presentation built-in VPN software, 264–265 Player, Linksys, 233 Ultra Wideband Working Group, FreeS/WAN VPN software, 265 52 Xdrive, 383 Linksys Wireless-G VPN Broad- USB adapters for Macintosh YDI Wireless, 257, 419 band Router, 266–267 systems, 28 ZEROCONF protocol, 464–465 Mac OS X Server 10.3 (Panther) ViewSonic Airpanel Smart ZoneAlarm Pro, 329 support, 265 Displays, 232 USB adapters, 24, 28, 31, 454 NAT and, 323 Visio, 168 USB printers, 154, 224 overview, 322 Vocera Communications Badge, USB RAM drives, backing up Palm OS, VPN settings, 107 235 data, 384 sending email, 382 Vonage, 234 USB wireless network adapters, 60 software VPN servers, 264–265 VPN service provider list, 266 UTP wiring, 446 subscription VPN services, Walker, James, 154 UWB (Ultra Wideband), 52–54 265–266 warchalking, 307 travel issues, 385 Wayport, 345 VPN service providers, 266 WhatsUp Gold, 405 V WiFiConsulting VPN service, 266 Whistle Blower, 405 Windows Mobile 2003, VPN Verizon Wireless settings, 112–114 Wi-Fi Alliance, 11 2.5G network plans, 41 Wi-Fi Finder, Kensington, 227 Windows Server 2003 support, 264 wireless gateway support, 188 530 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

wireless ISP with built-in VPN, initialization vector weaknesses, WiFisense, 228 322 299 WiMax Forum, 47 vulnerabilities. See security Internet connections, sharing, 241 WiMax (Wireless Interoperability Linksys clients, 75 for Microwave Access), 46–47 Macintosh clients, 92 WindConnect Bluetooth Wireless W Orinoco clients, 76 Printer Adapter, Troy, 224 other wireless clients, 78, 79 Windows 2000 Walker, James, 154 shared secrets, 298, 299 network adapter settings, config- walls, troubleshooting blocked uring, 470, 473–474 reception, 275–276 troubleshooting network connec- tivity, 160–161, 276 sharing network connections, WAN ports, 180, 185–186 upgrading to WPA, 302 242–243 WAP11, need for frequent resets, Windows Mobile 2003 handhelds 277 vulnerabilities, 297–300 802.1X network authentication, War Games (movie), 307 Windows XP clients, 53–54 wireless gateway support, 187 112 “war” prefix, 307 adding networks, 111 warchalking, 307, 388 WEP keys. See WEP authentica- tion and encryption advanced network connections, watts to dBm conversion chart, 112–114 409, 428 WET11, Linksys, 28, 32, 252–253 WET54G, Linksys, 252–253 intermediate network connections, Wayport, 41, 42, 345, 351 109–111 WDS (Wireless Distribution WFS-1 Wi-Fi detector, Smart ID, 227 removing networks, 111 System) simple network connections, 109 configuring, 249–252 WhatsUp Gold, 405 Whistle Blower, 405 VPN settings, 112–114 future of mesh networking, 50 Windows Server 2003, 264, 270 limitations to, 248–249 Whitaker, Charles, 325 white papers Windows systems. See also master access points, 249 Windows XP overview, 22, 191, 248–249 Part 15 Regulations, 427 transceiver power, 25 ad hoc networks, 138 relay access points, 249 Boingo Wireless client software, remote access points, 249 Wi-Fi adapters. See wireless network adapters 358–363 troubleshooting, 282 Wi-Fi Alliance, 11 CDMA cellular data network weather, effect on signal strength, connections, 375–377 Wi-Fi certification 423, 425 connecting to Base Stations ad hoc mode, 17 Web-based email interfaces, without AirPort cards, 215 certification process, 11 380–381 IP addresses, determining, 278 compatibility among standards, 10 Web browsers, tips for working iPass client software, 364–366 overview, 11 while traveling, 390 network settings, configuring, Web mail, 380–381 Wi-Fi detectors 470–474 Web servers, 186 finding networks while traveling, PC cards, deactivating, 157 388 Web site addresses. See URLs ping test, 278 handheld detectors, 227, 388 WebDAV, remote file access, 383 “Safe Mode with Networking,” 158 WiFisense, 228 well-known ports, 466 security patches, 326 Wi-Fi Finder, Kensington, 227 WEP authentication and encryp- sharing printers, 154, 438–439 Wi-Fi FreeSpot Directory, 339 tion. See also WPA authentica- Sierra Wireless AirCard 555 tion and encryption Wi-Fi Networking News, xx, xxii configuration, 375–377 802.11i standard, 45, 300, 301–302 Wi-Fi Networking News site, xx, Sprint PCS client software, 368 xxii appropriate use of, 300 stumbler programs, 303 Wi-Fi Protected Access. See WPA Broadcom clients, 67 System Information program, 487 authentication and encryption data integrity check, 299 troubleshooting (See trouble- Wi-Fi Setup application, 104–107 enabling, 298–299 shooting; troubleshooting extracting WEP keys, 308 Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 247, process) 252–253 hexadecimal encryption keys, 298 VPN software, built-in, 264 WiFiConsulting, 266 in 802.1X authentication protocol, vulnerability to attacks, 326 269 WiFinder, 339 Index 531

wireless network adapters, wireless access points. See access modems, built-in, 181 installing, 59–60 points NAT support, 183–184, 330–331 Windows XP. See also Windows Wireless-B Game Adapter, network authentication protocols, systems 235–236 188 accessing shared files, 145–146 Wireless-B Internet Video network services, 182–185 ad hoc networks, 138–139 Camera, 222–223 number of computers supported, advanced Windows connections, Wireless-B Media Adapter, 230 192 66–67 Wireless-B software, client overview, 177 Available Networks list, 66 configuration, 70–71 port forwarding, 186 Bluetooth devices, pairing, 117–121 wireless bridges. See bridges PPPoE technology, 189–190, 462 Bluetooth file exchange, 130 wireless client software printer sharing, 191 Bluetooth mouse issues, 132–133 configuring (See configuring proprietary network protocol Bluetooth Palm HotSync , connections to wireless support, 184 126–127, 129 networks) security features, 185–188 client software configuration, troubleshooting connectivity, simultaneous users, number 60–67 156–162 supported, 192 ConfigFree software, Centrino wireless connections, in network speed of network, selecting, laptops, 81–87 diagrams, 169, 172 178–179 firewall, enabling, 330 Wireless Distribution System. See switches, 180–181 intermediate Windows connec- WDS (Wireless Distribution VPN support, 188 System) tions, 62–66 vs. access points, 177, 178 “wireless Ethernet,” 444 Internet connections, sharing, WAN ports, 180 Wireless-G Game Adapter, 241–243 WEP encryption support, 187 235–236 Linksys BEFW11S4, initial Wi-Fi flavors supported, 178–179 Wireless-G software, 71–76 configuration, 196 wired connections, 180 Wireless-G VPN Broadband manual network configuration, Wireless Distribution System, 191 473–474 Router, 266–267 WPA encryption support, 187 network adapter settings, config- wireless gateway features. See also wireless gateway setup. See also uring, 470, 473–474 wireless gateway setup wireless gateway features Preferred Networks list, 66 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g support, 178–179 AirPort Extreme Base Station, sharing files, 144–145 204–215 simple network connection, 61–62 America Online connections, sharing, 192–193, 214 authentication settings, 199–200, Wireless Zero Configuration 202–203, 215 service, restarting, 158 antennas and antenna jacks, 34, 179–180, 256 common gateway settings, 215–218 WPA encryption patch, 61, 64 DHCP settings, 201, 213–214 WinSCP, 317 compatibility considerations, 178–179 dynamic DNS setup, 204 wired connections configuration interfaces, 181–182 high-speed performance options, in network diagrams, 169, 172 cost considerations, 193 203 on wireless gateways, 180 DHCP client, 189 initial connection setup, 196 Wired Equivalent Privacy. See DHCP Client IDs, 189 ISP connections, 212 WEP authentication and Linksys BEFW11S4, 195–201 encryption DHCP server, 182–183 Linksys WRT54G, 201–204 wired networks dynamic DNS support, 184–185 Ethernet ports, 180 secure network setups, 199–200, connecting to wireless networks 202–203, 208–209 (See bridges) filtering traffic, 185–186 firewall support, 185–186 simple network setups, 197–199, Ethernet (See Ethernet networks) 205–208 troubleshooting wired-to-wireless hubs, 180–181 wireless gateways. See also access Internet connections, sharing, connections, 279 points; bridges; network 189–190, 192–193 Wi-Fi–to–Ethernet bridges, 247, adapters 252–253 Internet sharing, 22 AirPort Extreme Base Station (See wired/wireless bridging, 21 LAN Ethernet ports, 180 AirPort Extreme Base Station) wired/wireless bridging, 21 MAC address cloning, 190 532 The Wireless Networking Starter Kit

features (See wireless gateway preferred adapters for various problem solving (See trouble- features) systems (table), 24 shooting; troubleshooting firewall support, 329, 331 Prism series, 100 process) in network diagrams, 169 Secure Digital IO (SDIO) cards, satellite-based wireless networking, with print server capabilities, 225 24, 30–31 56 setup (See wireless gateway setup) stumbler programs, 303–306, security (See security) troubleshooting Internet connec- 387–388 small offices (See small office tions, 281 troubleshooting Internet connec- networks) troubleshooting need for frequent tions, 281 system security (See security of resets, 277, 279 troubleshooting network connec- computer systems) Wireless Distribution System (See tivity, 162 troubleshooting (See trouble- WDS (Wireless Distribution for Unix/Linux/BSD systems, shooting; troubleshooting System)) 100–102 process) Wireless Hacks, 175, 414 USB adapters, 24, 31 ultra wideband, 52–54 wireless hardware. See hardware Windows network adapters, unlicensed spectrum, 4 Wireless Interoperability for installing, 59–60 Wireless Network Troubleshooting Microwave Access (WiMax), wireless hardware overview, 20 Web page, 156 46–47 Wireless Network Connection Wireless Node Database Project, wireless ISPs. See WISPs icon, System Tray, 61 339 wireless local area networks Wireless Network Troubleshooting Wireless Personal Area Network (WLANs). See wireless Web page, 156 (WPAN) Working Group, 36 networks and networking wireless networks and networking wireless repeaters. See repeaters Wireless MAN (Wireless Metro- 2.4 GHz band, 5 Wireless Security Corporation, politan Area Networking) 5 GHz band, 5 270 standards, 46–47 ad hoc networks (See ad hoc wireless standards. See standards wireless network adapters networks) wireless/wireless bridging, 22 AirPort cards, 24 airborne wireless broadband, 54–56 Wireless Zero Configuration AirPort Extreme cards, 24 basic principles, 3 service, restarting, 158 Atheros chip sets, 101 bridging between networks (See WirelessDriver, 96 Bluetooth options, 37–38 bridges) WISPs. See also aggregators built-in adapter cards, 24 computer security (See security of airborne wireless broadband, 54–56 built-in antennas, 257 computer systems) Airpath Wireless, 344 chip-set manufacturers, 100–102 connecting to wired networks (See becoming a WISP, 399 CompactFlash cards, 24, 30 bridges) Boingo Wireless, 322, 343, connecting with wireless networks, data security (See security of data) 346–348, 352, 358–363 26 data transmission methods, 6–7 Cometa Networks, 344 drivers for Unix/Linux/BSD failures (See troubleshooting; cost of Wi-Fi access, 343 systems, 99–102 troubleshooting process) custom software packages, 357–358 Ethernet adapters, 24, 31–32 finding (See finding wireless directories of WISPs, 398 external wireless cards, 31–32 networks) extending high-speed Internet finding open networks, 303–306 history, xviii–ixx, 9–10 access, 396–401 internal wireless cards, 23–31 hot spot networks, 41–42 FatPort, 344 Intersil chips and drivers, 100 IEEE standards (See entries finding, 398–399 manual network configuration, beginning with “802”) hot spot services, creating, 347 469–478 infrared networks, 4–5 iPass, 348, 363–368 mesh networking capabilities, 51 long-range (See long-range wire- locating, 398–399 Mini PCI cards, 24, 27 less networks) long-range wireless Internet multiple-standard adapters, 42 mesh networks, 49–51, 443–444 connections, 396–401 Orinoco, 76–78, 100–101 network security (See security of NetNearU, 344 overview, 23, 24 networks) O2Connect, 340 PC cards, 24, 25, 454 OSS (operations support systems), PCI cards, 24, 26–27 347 Index 533

overview, 342–343 improvements over WEP, 301 XP. See Windows XP Pronto Networks, 344 in 802.1X authentication protocol, XTND XMIT option, POP satellite-based Internet access, 399 269 protocol, 382 site checks, 400 patch for Windows XP, 61, 64 STSN, 345 protecting local traffic, 262–263 Surf and Sip, 345 troubleshooting network connec- Y tivity, 160–161, 276 T-Mobile HotSpot, 343, 345, 370 yagi antennas, 412 upgrades to WEP hardware, 302 Wayport, 345 YDI Wireless, 257, 419 WLANs (wireless local area wireless gateway support, 187 networks). See wireless networks WPAN (Wireless Personal Area and networking Network) Working Group, 36 Working Group on Wireless WPG-11 Wireless Presentation Z Broadband Acess Standards, Gateway, 233 ZEROCONF protocol, 464–465 46–47 WPG-12 Wireless Presentation Zigbee, 36 worms, 293, 326, 327–328 Player, 233 zombies, 293, 326 WPA authentication and encryp- Wyndham Hotels and Resorts, 352 ZoneAlarm Pro, 329 tion. See also WEP authentica- tion and encryption 802.11i standard, 45 X availability in networking equip- ment, 301–302 X10 video cameras, 223 Xdrive, 383