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Apple Training Series Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6 Kevin M. White Apple Training Series: Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6 Kevin M. White Copyright © 2010 by Apple Inc. Published by Peachpit Press. For information on Peachpit Press books, contact: Peachpit Press 1249 Eighth Street Berkeley, CA 94710 510/524-2178 510/524-2221 (fax) www.peachpit.com To report errors, please send a note to [email protected]. Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education. Apple Training Series Editor: Rebecca Freed Production Editors: Danielle Foster, Becky Winter Copyeditor: Peggy Nauts Tech Editor: Gordon Davisson Apple Editor: Shane Ross Proofreader: Suzie Nasol Compositor: Danielle Foster Indexer: Valerie Perry Cover design: Mimi Heft Cover illustrator: Kent Oberheu Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For infor- mation on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected]. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. Trademarks Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book. ISBN 13: 978-0-321-63534-1 ISBN 10: 0-321-63534-5 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acknowledgments In addition to the amazing Peachpit staff members who were instrumental in completing this work, I would like to thank the development team for their hard work: Shane Ross, Patrick Gallagher, and Gordon Davisson. Additional thanks go to John Signa, Tilla Torrens, Jason Deraleau, Tommy Hann, Schoun Regan, Arek Dreyer, Simon Wheatley, Brian Gupton, and the Blue Man Guild. Finally, I could not have made this journey without the support of my family and loving wife, Michelle. This book is dedicated to my new best friend and son, Logan Michael White. iii This page intentionally left blank Contents Getting Started. .xi Chapter 1 Installation and Initial Setup. 1 About Mac OS X v10.6. .2 Using Installer Disc Utilities . 6 Before You Install Mac OS X. .10 Preparing the System Drive. 15 Installing Mac OS X. 17 Installer Troubleshooting. 24 Mac OS X Setup Assistant. .26 Configure Mac OS X . .37 Install Software and Updates. .44 What You’ve Learned. .51 References . 52 Review Quiz. .53 Chapter 2 User Accounts . 57 Understanding User Accounts. 58 Managing User Accounts. 62 Managing User Home Folders. 71 Login Options and Fast User Switching. 80 Fundamental Account Security. .86 Managing Keychains. 95 Using FileVault Accounts. .102 Resetting Account Passwords. 106 What You’ve Learned. 117 References . .117 Review Quiz. 118 v vi Contents Chapter 3 Command Line and Automation. 121 Command-Line Essentials. 122 Command-Line Navigation. .128 Command-Line File Manipulation. .135 Command-Line Administration. .144 Command-Line Tips and Tricks. .148 Using Automator and AppleScript. .149 Basic Command-Line Scripting . .155 Combining Automation Techniques. 162 What You’ve Learned. 167 References . .168 Review Quiz. 168 Chapter 4 File Systems . 171 File System Components. .172 File System Management. .176 Using Software RAID. 194 Using Optical Media. .203 Understanding File System Permissions. .213 Managing Permissions via Finder. 224 Managing Permissions via Command Line. 231 File System Troubleshooting. 238 What You’ve Learned. 250 References . .250 Review Quiz. 252 Chapter 5 Data Management and Backup. 257 Mac OS X Volume Hierarchy. 258 Managing Font Resources . 264 Managing Hidden Items. 267 Using Aliases and Links. 272 Understanding File System Metadata. .278 Managing Launch Services. 284 Contents vii Using Spotlight and Quick Look. .289 Using File Archives and Disk Images . .300 Managing Time Machine. .310 What You’ve Learned. 322 References . .323 Review Quiz. 323 Chapter 6 Applications and Boot Camp. .329 Understanding Applications and Processes. 330 Application Accessibility . .342 Monitoring Applications and Processes. .345 Application Troubleshooting. 353 Managing Dashboard. 363 Understanding Boot Camp. .369 Configuring Boot Camp. 372 Switching Between Systems. .382 What You’ve Learned. 384 References . .385 Review Quiz. 387 Chapter 7 Network Configuration. 391 Fundamental Network Concepts. .392 Networks in Action. 397 Basic Network Configuration . .403 Using Network Locations. .406 Using Hardware Network Interfaces. 409 Using Virtual Network Interfaces. 415 Using Network Protocols. .430 Network Troubleshooting . 454 What You’ve Learned. 464 References . .465 Review Quiz. 466 viii Contents Chapter 8 Network Services. .471 Understanding Network Services . 472 Using Network Applications. 478 Using File-Sharing Services. .486 Using Host-Sharing Services. 514 Sharing an Internet Connection. .531 Securing Network Services. 534 Troubleshooting Network Services. .539 Understanding Directory Services. 547 Configuring Network Directory Services. 551 Managing Network Authentication. .560 Troubleshooting Directory Services. 568 What You’ve Learned. 570 References . .570 Review Quiz. 572 Chapter 9 Peripherals and Printing. .579 Understanding Peripherals. 580 Using Bluetooth Peripherals . 590 Peripherals that Synchronize. 597 Troubleshooting Peripherals. 600 Configuring Printing and Faxing . 605 Managing Print Jobs. .619 Sharing Printers and Faxes. 628 Advanced Printing Management. .631 Troubleshooting the Printing System. .635 What You’ve Learned. 637 References . .637 Review Quiz. 638 Contents ix Chapter 10 System Startup. .641 Understanding the Startup Sequence. .642 Sleep Modes, Logout, and Shutdown. .654 Troubleshooting Startup . .657 What You’ve Learned. 664 References . .664 Review Quiz. 665 Index. .668 This page intentionally left blank Getting Started This book is based on the same criteria used for Apple’s official train- ing course, Mac OS X Support Essentials 10.6, an in-depth exploration of troubleshooting on Mac OS X. It serves as a self-paced tour of the breadth of functionality of Mac OS X and the best methods for effec- tively supporting users of Mac OS X systems. The primary goal is to prepare help desk specialists, technical coor- dinators, service technicians, system administrators, and others who support Macintosh users to knowledgeably address customer concerns and questions. This includes the ability to return a Mac OS X computer to normal operation using the proper utilities, resources, and trouble- shooting techniques. Whether you are an experienced system administrator or just want to dig deeper into Mac OS X v10.6, you’ll learn in-depth technical information and procedures used by Apple-certified technicians to install, configure, maintain, and diagnose Macintosh computers running Mac OS X. This book assumes a basic level of familiarity with Mac OS X. Unless otherwise specified, all references to Mac OS X refer to Mac OS X version 10.6.0, which was the most current version available at the time of writ- ing. Due to subsequent upgrades, some screen shots, features, and proce- dures may be slightly different from those presented on these pages. xi xii Getting Started Learning Methodology This book is based on lectures and exercises provided to students attending Mac OS X Support Essentials 10.6, a three-day, hands-on course that provides an intense and in- depth exploration of how to troubleshoot on Mac OS X. For consistency, we follow the basic structure of the course material, but you may complete it at your own pace. Each chapter is designed to help experienced users become experts who are able to sup- port other Mac OS X users by: Providing knowledge of how Mac OS X works Showing how to use diagnostic and repair tools Explaining troubleshooting and repair procedures For example, in Chapter 7, “Network Configuration,” you’ll learn basic networking concepts (knowledge). You’ll acquire network configuration and troubleshooting techniques using the Network preferences and Network Utility (tools). And you’ll explore methods for trouble- shooting networking issues (procedures). In addition, each chapter includes troubleshooting techniques for dealing with common issues related to the topic of the chapter. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of Mac OS X: Chapter 1, “Installation and Initial Setup”—Preparing and partitioning the drive; installing Mac OS X; using the installer log files to verify a successful installation; config- uring Mac OS X with the Setup Assistant; updating software with Software Update and Installer; learning tips and techniques for troubleshooting an installation problem. Chapter 2, “User Accounts”—Creating and managing user and administrator accounts; locating directory attributes; implementing