An Individual Magazine Brings This Unique Offer THE FIVE DOLLAR PLAN Which Will Save You $1.50 The Book You Want the Most—and the Foremost Fiction Magazine in the World in an Amazing Combination STORY is devoted solely to the short story. No magazine has proved @ You may select any current non-technii a mine for new talent, ‘ORY, because it has never sought If it is one of the books listed on this pag cause it is interested only in incere and honest writing, has “dis- retails for $2.50 or less, send its name with $5 (cash, covered” more new writers of ability than has any other magazine of our day. check or money order). Your subscription will take effect at once. The book will he forwarded directly. A Suggested Few of the Many Books You May Choose in Combination more expensive book With a Subscription to STORY in the 3 book send The Thinking Reed, b; a West The House in Paris, bj beth Bowen $ $4.50 book Monogram, by G. B. Stern ‘The Macmillan Go. send $7. The Greatest Pages of American Humor, by Stephen Leacock, Doubleday, Doran & Co.

Break the Heart's Desire, by Paul Engli Doubleday, Doran & Co. @ For foreign orders, add $1.50 to cover foreign e, by Vardis Fish Doubleday, Doran & Co.

by Jay Dratler postage. Southern Album, by Sara Haardt Doubleday, Doran & Co. $2.00 2 ight, by Dorothy L. Sayers Harcourt, Brace & Co. $2.50 ‘compa ch order. fi by Romona Herdman Harper & Brothers $2.00 ie Wheel, by Dawn Powell. Farrar & Rinehart $2.50 ly Heart, by Peter Neagoe i Coward-McCann $2.50

‘oxes, by R. P. Harriss _ Hor ton Miffin Co. $2.50 SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER ast Puritan, A Memoir in the Form of a Novel Charles Scribner's Sons $2.75 ne, by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, TO STORY Little, Brown & Co. & Co. In the May issue of STORY appears, besides the usual collection of distinguished short stories, an.unusual article ORY in America, by Burnett & Foley hy Lewis Corey called “The Human Values in Literature Any other current non-technical book which retails for $2.50 may he nd Revolution”. SUBSTITUTED for any of the above. STORY sells for 35¢ a copy. To new subscribers only, STORY offers five months for one dollar—or 20¢ a copy. STORY 439 FOURTH AVE. Fill in the coupon below and mail with your check today to NEW YORK, N. Y. $4 One Year Two Yeors $7 STORY 432 FOURTH AVE, NEW YORK, N. ¥. STORY 432 Fourth Avenue Now York, N.Y. Please tend me STORY for Sve moaths for which I enclose one dollar

May 1936, FIGHT

With the Readers The Contributors * * THE war makers are a bad lot in mor SYLVIA TOWNSEND WARNER than one way. Take for instance the makes her debut as an anti-Fascist writer in this issue of Fionrr. An Englishwoman, problem of spring: nice warm days and the promise of green things now sprout- her best-known novels in this country are

ing. Why should we be cooped up in this “Lolly Willowes,” the first Book-of-the- office? There is a park around the corner Month Club selection, and “Mr. For- and we would like to sit on a bench for tune’s Maggot.” We are curious to see fan hour or two and do nothing. But the whether her forthcoming novel takes an war makers are very busy these days and anti-Fascist stand. we therefore are kept on the go. Come to think of it, we couldn't sit in that park HARRY STERNBERG, who illustrated anyway. It’s locked and only the few Miss Warner's story, is a winner of who can afford exclusive apartments have 1936 Guggenheim fellowship. His work the key to Gramercy Park. is on permanent exhibition at the Whitney

Museum of Art, Newark Public Library, BUT our little office looks pretty good to tus and it’s a very busy office, too. We and other institutions. have been swamped with hundreds of World War exhibits moved to the Imperial Museum, London WALTER WILSON is 4 native of the letters, telephone calls, and personal mes South. He is the author of “Forced Labor

sages about the new FicH. We had an in the United States” and is now finishing idea there would be quite an interest in a book for Harper's on soldiers. He has the magazine but this response is beyond contributed to many publications, includ- four expectations. But that's life anyway. ing The New Republic, Harper's, ec. TING ee rela) ISSUE "“AKE the New Republic for instance. KEITH SWARD, author of the article they blossomed forth with this editori fon steel, is the Federated Press corre- ‘The nearest thing to a miracle May, 1936 spondent in Pittsburgh. has been achieved by THe Fiont, organ of the American League Against Wa LOUIS LOZOWICK, whose conception and Fascism. With a paid editorial staff of industrial scenes ranks among the fin

est examples of modern art, has appeared ‘of exactly one, and with financial re in Theater Arts, The Nation, The For- sources hardly big enough to buy a frayed Passed With Honor um, and Harper's Magazine shoestring at market prices, it has now By Sylvia Townsend Warner become a thirty-two page, four-column ILLUSTRATED BY HARRY STERNBERG PIERRE VAN PAASSEN was sent to monthly printed in five colors—yes, and Europe by the New York Evening World with a list of able contributors. .. . It is Frick’s Millions in 1925 and has been roaming the world mass support that achieves the only fever since, excepting for a brief lecture miracles of modern times.” By Keith Sward ILLUSTRATED RY LOUIS LOZOWICK tour in America in 1932. He witnessed I think your April number of Tue the Druse revolt in Syria, the Abd-El Ficut is a triumph,” writes Robert Letters from Soldiers Krim uprising in Morocco, Pilsudki’s Morss Lovett “and as the New Republic By Walter Wilson WUSTRATED BY BILL JAMES putsch, the disturbances in Palestine and says, a miracle, The magazine contains the rise and fall of the Commune of the an extraordinary number of vital and Burning Fuses 10 Asturias in 1934, He is now foreign cor- timely articles, and its format is ex- By Pierre van Paassen respondent for the Central Canadian tremely effective. Apart from other ac- Press and has made three trips to the tivities of the League, the magazine justi “Aitaboy, Be a Fence-sitter! 13 front in the Ethiopian War.

fies the existence of the American Le By Hoff SYDNEY HOFF is one of America’s Against War and Fascism. jgest_and most brilliant humorous FROM, Washington, U, S._ Senator As Labor Goes 1s aturists. FigHt welcomes him to its Elmer A. Benson writes that “although By Heywood Broun \LLUSTRATED BY AD REINHARDT growing list of distinguished contributors.

the periodical undoubtedly was effective HEYWOOD BROUN is President of in its previous form, the innovations Haymarket 18 the American Newspaper Guild and a should greatly increase the scope of its daily columsiist for the Scripps-Howard influence.” Max S. Hayes, a pioneer in By Leslie Reade ILLUSTRATED BY PHIL WOLFE newspapers, Echoes of his radio speech the trade-union movement, writes from for the New York Trade Union Com- Cleveland that the new magazine is “a China Digs In 21 mittee of the American League Against very profound improvement in make-up By Michael Pell War and Fascism, which is reprinted and ahead of other publications in here, are still ringing throughout labor contents relating to the great problem of The Nazi Inferiority Complex eae 22, circles. four generation—Fascism and war. By Dr. George A. Coe ULUSTRATED BY HARRY GOTTLIEB LESLIE READE, who writes the article OUR Glamorous Spy idea was not con the Haymarket tragedy, is an English liked by Quiney Howe, “but this one DEPARTMENTS playwright and. barrister’ whose play, weak spot,” he informs us, “is more than “The Shattered Lamp,” was produced on overbalanced by Hallgren, Seldes, Radio i 12 Letters. 24 Broadway. He has contributed to The Your excellent departments.” Wa New Republic and other publications Frank thinks that we have made a maga Movies 14 Building the League 27 DR. GEORGE A. COE, who writes on zine “which should broaden enormously the Nazi inferiority complex, is Professor the popular appeal of the fight against ‘of Education (retired), Teachers Col- war and Fascism, Books .. 18 Youth Notes. 28 Tege, Columbia University, and is, the Wall Street -..20 Oh, Say Can You See? 31 author of “The Motives of Man,” “The WE have always had a weak spot for children’s magazines, and why not? Paychology of Religion,” ete. Read what the editor of the New Pioneer THEODORE SCHEEL, a native of St. Louis, is a satirical artist who has: con- says: “The April Ficur is a wow, a Knockout, a honey! . . . For look JOSEPH PASS, Ed tributed to Collier's, The Saturday Re- readability, and content, it has them all view of Literature, and other national beaten,” And the Rev. William Lloyd ‘The Fight Against War and Fascicm, shed mont ly by the National publications. Imes writes that the magazine is now in Executive Committee of the American Le gue Agai it War and Fascism, the “very front ranks of the thoughtful 112 East 1 Street, New York, N.Y. Chairman, Harry F. Ward. GEORGES SCHREIBER, who drew Vice-Chairmen, Robert Morss Lovett, Mrs. Victor L. Berger, Earl Brow the cover, is a regular contributor to Pie- and purposeful propaganda magazines of der, Max S. Hayes, Jacob Mirsky. Treasurer, William P. Mangald torial Review, The Nation, New Yorker, the day for the common good... . Thank Secretarial Stefi: Executive, Paul Reid: Administration, Clara Bodiam, Fortune, and formerly to Vanity. Fair. Heaven, we now have it on the side of Organization, Waldo McNutt; Youth, James Lemer; Women, Dorothy He illustrated the American edition of humanity, to ennoble it, and protect it MeConnell; Trade Union, John Masso; Religious, Rev. Herman F. Reissig. Hans Fallada’s “Little Man, What from war, economic exploitation. . . .” Single Copies, 10 cents, "Yearly subscriptions, $1.00. Sixsmonth eubscrip Now,” and this fall Houghton Miffin ion, 55 cente, Canada and Foreign, $1.50 a year. F Second will ‘publish his “Portraits and Self- N.Y, ¢ lass matter, February 20, 1985, at the Post Otfice WHO cares about the key to C fact of March 3, 1879, OW Portraits. Park anyway? FIGHT, May 1936

Points of Interest

NG you from Missouri? Do you have an inborn distrust of the conflicting reports of world trends that reach you? Do you want to see for yourself, with your own eyes? FIGHT offers you this opportunity. Feel the pulse of the man-in- the-s eet of London, Paris, Moscow, or Madrid. Take your choice. It’s the chance of a lifetime. It won't cost you a cent, but you must act, and quickly, Here’s the story ina nutshell: FIGHT must double its circulation. The European trip is the reward for the reader who does the most to help us achieve our goal. It isn’t so hard a task to sell FIGHT in these times. In the first place, our new format goes a long way to cutting down sales resistance, But even more important is the demand on the part of the ‘American public for information on matters pertaining to the pre- vention of war and Fascism. We printed over 35,000 copies of our last issue, 5,000 more than ever before. Twelve days after the maga- zine came from the printer, copies were as scarce as Shakespearean folios. We should be selling 100,000 copies at the very least. But we're not impatient. We have set a goal of 60,000 by September 15, when the contest ends. Start now... today... and get in on the ground floor. o RULES OF THE SUBSCRIPTION CONTEST 1. Anyone is eligible to enter this contest point, No discounts of any kind ell be given except employees in, the National Office of tn subscriptions in is contest. In case of tes Frosty, or in the National Office of the Amer- Guplicate prizes will be awarded. jean League Ageinst War and Fascism, or 5. All communications regarding the con their families. test should be addressed: Frour Contest De- 2, The contest March 30, 1986, and partment, 112 E. 19th St, Room 702, New closes at 6 PM. on September 15, 1936. York, N.Y. Subseriptions must be in this office by that 6, Awards will be announced within six date, days after the closing day of the contest with- 3, All subscriptions sent in for the contest in the pages of Frowr. must be marked plainly Fox Coxresr, and contain the name and address of sub- 7, Prize: A round-trip ticket irom New must as name and address of con- York City to either London, Paris, Moscow, seriber as well or Madrid, winner's choice, and a ten-day Stopover in one of these cites, ‘The winnes 4. All siptions willbe counted as fol may go immediately after the closing date of loves: One year subscription (Bi), one point; the contest, or at any. time within twelve sixsmonth subscription (55_ cents) onhall months of that date May 1936, FIGHT Passed with Honor A psychological story of Wilfred, an English boy who joined the Fascist ranks, and then...

By Sylvia Townsend Warner

LUSTRATED BY HARRY STERNBERG

thing over again. charge of the local branch, and who evening, two men appeared in the ‘T WAS the same the army now, and one cannot get praised and supported him. When the paper. Mr. Winfrith brought the news out of the army. Year after year it boys were boxing and doing physical to the club. He told them to turn would ‘on, the taunting and the jerks Mr. Winfrith would bellow out, out, and to be careful, too, for those the spying-out and the holding ““Geewup, Wilfred! Show them what a red skunks were alwa Varmer’s Bwoy can a-do, then!” and razor-blades, though Mr. Winfrith’s attempts 3 dialect were embarrassing, his approval HEY turned out, twenty of them, A war might end ind Mr. Winfrith went with them, would. As the s there was not much to to keep an eye on things, he said. They would never have the guts to be a For a while do except boxing, and drill, and chalk- stood round the paper sellers who took [i deserter When Wilfred Mew was eighteen ing We Want Mosley on walls. It no notice of them, a policeman came he had joined the Blackshirts. At first it was a peaceful little town. Mr. Win- up, but was dismissed by Mr. Win- had be fun, The son of asmall frith often regretted that there were frith’s assurances that he need not in- Jandowni he had grown up strong no Jews or Socialists to beat up. That _ ter hey booed, and hung and agile of body J it pleased him was the real thing, he said. Fighting clogged by the Anglo-Saxon dislike of to show his strength among the shop- was the stuff, better than girls or drink, doing anything striking in public. Mr. | boys and weedy clerks of the country though a little taste of those didn’t do Winfrith went up to the paper sellers, town, Mr, Winfrith, too, who had aman any harm, ‘Then, one Saturday and began to harangue them. He talked

Practice in killing to order soon began. Straw puppets, dressed comically, mere set up for recruits! bayonet practice FIGHT, May 1936

long and ramblingly, and very loudly, gases that bite away the skin, the older tial pairs. Only Wilfred went alone. horse looked at him silently, the fore- and they looked as though they had men asserting that there was othing nd out of doors hanging quietly between its eyes. He had no friends lock

heard it before. Then he made a grab like a good old-fashioned prod in the his tormentors soon left him alone. The ‘That morning they had brought him at the older man’s papers, saying that guts, But a few, the Noncoms were not there to egg them a shrieking young rat, spitted on a as he was a J.P. he had a perfect right snuffed out his more abominable shame ing him bayonet. He had flinched aw on, and the pleasure of

to impound such seditious tommyrot is milksop flinching from being him- seemed to thin away when it was ex- so it would go on, and so it And

that he wouldn’t have it sold in his self the destroyer. They brought him posed to the sullen un idly land- would go on. He would never break town, anyway. ‘The younger man got cockroaches, and dared him to pull scape through this habit of flinching and feel- in his path, and Mr, Winfrith stag them to bits, they hunted him with ‘The heath was broken with hum- ing sick, and every night these dreams gered. He was never very steady on scorched mice, broken fledg! mocks and hollows, a barren landscape visit him, spoiling his nerve would and be- incapable of his feet by the evening, abhorrent to his inbred feeling for making him ever more

“Come on, boys!” shouted Mr. Win: sought him to put the poor animals out labored arable and green pastures. On carrying himself as a man among men. frith. “They're getting vicious. Put of their misery this July day its uniform of scorched He walked on, snatching at the

"em on the pavement.” It got into his dreams. Ni ht after grass and scrubby ling was almost bracken and tearing his fingers. It grew Wilfred, proud of his strength, chaf night he maimed, beat, throttled, raped, the same color as his. Wild bees trav- thick in this little hollow, it grew ing to do something, rushed up and hit pulled out eyes on interminable slimy cled from tuft to tuft, the fern-owls thigh-high. He stumbled, he had trod- the younger man. It was a hard blow strings, groped among soft hot entrails called—a jarring ghostly note that den on something living. The adder?

and the man went down, his elbow His d -am victims were dumb and com: made him think of rattlesnakes. One No, a man’s hand. crashing against the curb His papers: pliant. of those adders might free him. He ‘An old tramp was asleep in the hol- scattered, the other Blackshirts snatched would let it strike again and low, Iying on his back, a battered felt

at them and began tearing them up. HE barracks were in the middle of If adders were like rattlesnakes, she he hat ‘tilted forward over his face. Be- Wilfred was left looking at the man bare heath country. In their free would have a sure way out of his low the hat brim a_yellowish-white he had hit, who got up slowly, his face time the men might go for walks, troubles then, beard bristled out. He was lying in working with pain. straggling over the heath, rather intimi Last night it was a horse he had the crucified attitude of fatigue, his “T say, I'm sorry,” Wilfred said. dated because the heath was said to killed, old Diamond, the black cart- arms outstretched, his feet crossed in ‘The words were overh card. He was harbor adders. They horse. He had poured paraffin over its their broken dusty boots. He stirred never allowed to forget them. He was went in groups, chaffing and ragging haunches and set fire to them. The the hat shifted a little, and his right called Sissie, and Jesus, and Wilfred each other, or in melanchol confiden- hindquarters flared and writhed, the hand vaguely took hold of Wilired’s

the Peacemaker; and his fellows would ankle come up to him, twist his arm, hack his Wilfred lost his balance, tipped for- shins, kick his backside, and lisp, “I ward down the slope of the hollow thay. I’m thowwy and fell across the sleeping man. Be- He endured it, waiting for the day neath him he felt a stir, a struggle, when he could vindicate his manliness, bones rearing through the fusty clothes do—what none of them had done, he and the thin flesh of old age. ‘The hat told himself. When that day came he fell off, and amid the yellow-white strolled into the club, saying airily that beard a ‘mouth opened, and teeth he had joined the army showed, broken and discolored. A puff Army discipline was what he needed, of foul breath came; but no words, he knew. In the army you do not though the jaws worked, and the tongue have to depend on your own liking, wagged inside the dark mouth you kill to order. Ever since that He was dumb then, this tramp, dumb

evening in the market-place something like all the others. ‘The dream came had gone queer in Wilfred’s mind, and in_daylight now, and in real life. in Wilfre 's stomach, He didn’t like Lying on top of the old man Wil the sight of pain. Tt was as though that fred began to strangle him, squeezing paper-selling fellow had done what the his windpipe, watching the tongue Communists set out to do—had gone stream out further and further, and worming into him, undermining his the litele bright eyes goggle from their sense of right and wrong. The army, sallow rims. ‘The body squirmed and where you kill to order, would set that shrugged beneath him, but it was easy right. and rather pleasant to keep it down, Practice in killing to order soon be it was like lying upon some sort of a gan. Straw puppets, dressed comically tickling mattress that provoked and at were set up for recruits’ bayonet prac the same time caressed his answering. tice. The sergeant stood by, encourag thrust of muscle, He felt a kind of

ing them, roaring with laughter and deprivation when the body bene Fh him jeering at their clumsiness lay still “Rip him up!” he shouted. “Prod Slowly, reluctantly, he got up, turn- him in the guts! Fetch out his blood- ing away as though from an excrement puddings, can’t you? Wriggle them out, smoothing down his clothes and brush- let’s see what he ate for dinner yester- ing his hands one against the other. It day. You there, Mew! Hurt him, was over, he had killed at last. And can’t you?” it wasn’t too bad a feeling. He felt Al of a sudden Wilfred began to physically lightened, as though after a tremble and was sick. heavy digestion his bowels had worked. From that day the old ignominy came ustiness ‘The smell of the old man’s fi back. ‘*Mee-oo, mee-oo!” they squalled was still upon him, but the air would after him. “Poor pussy, then. Did soon brush it away she cat?” And exploiting his weakness, they told him endless stories of wounds E looked at his wrist watch. Lord, and mutilations. it was much later than h

For the most part, they twitted him Slowly, reluctantly, he got up, turning away as though from an excrement, smoothing thought! He must hurry back to bar- with sufferings that might fall to his down his clothes and brushing his hands one against the other. Ie was over, he had racks. He began to run over the heath, ‘own lot. The more modern-minded Filled at last The smell of the old man’s fustiness was still upon him, but the air bounding from tussock to tussoi He talking of gases that rot the lun would soon brush it away would get into trouble if he wa Tate, 6 May 1936, FIGHT

Frick’s Millions

A steel baron who willed to a museum his forty- quiet his conscience Frick didn’t have Frick left his legacy to million-dollar art collection, and to the people of U. S. Steel he corporation's labor forty-million-dollar art towns, union policy, not he art collection, is his heri- the City of New York. To a con: Pennsylvania a shrine of company fidant, Frick said “T want this collec- wrecking, spy systems, low wages, and machine guns The Company Union tion to be my monument. Phe patron of art in n In the summer and fall of 1933, the H.C. Frick Coke Co. tried to palm off cealed the economic man by such a g By Keith Sward jon on its coal miners in e. Back in the seventies And Mellon's father was reliably informed southwestern Pennsylvania This was thar “Frick may be a little too enthu- ILLUSTRATED BY LOUIS LOZOWICK ployee Re entation Plan de siastic about pictures but not enough veloped by Arthur H. Young to hurt” Frick’s real memorial was Steel lawyers drafted the constitution something quite different. It was he an. Changing the when they begged him to arbi that on its original paid-up shai constitution requires a two: hirds vote who smashed the Homest cabinet of 1892, “If it takes even my life it- trate the Homestead dispute. At As late as 1920, one half of the of a committee on which capital and self,” he said, “I will fight this thing Frick’s wish 8000 National C ards- Pittsburgh steel employees were work: labor are represented fifty-fifty. These to the bitter end. I will never recog- men pitched their tents on Braddock’s ing twelve-hour shifts Steel was pay- so-called unions cannot make contracts es than any comparable employer. Their demands, if overlooking Homestead. Rolling ing lower w with the nize the union; never, never.” For the Field mill work frst time in American history a corps of steel went on for five months with industry. One third of the any, are simply pigeonholed. They of private indust “police” non-union labor under military guard. ers were existing on less than a bare paper unions. on then collapsed. None of subsistence wage. ‘The workers’ homes In Pittsburgh the Steel Labor Rela- red to shoot striking workers. Frick The ad two bargeloads of undeputized U. S. Steel’s “captive” mines has de: foul, crowded firetraps. ‘The tions Board ruled that Steel had since Frick ‘cleaned mills were honeycombed with labor its employees to vote for com- Pinkerton guards towed up the Ohio with union miners forced

spies. Present-di conditions inthe River at night. The cout” the coke region in 1890. pany unions. ‘The corporation's leading were armed and posted along the river J to teach our employees a steel towns are fundamentally every bit New York counsel defended the com- bank behind machinery and piles of pig as bad as those which comprised th pany union representatives at the hear- background of the great abortive steel Steel got injunctions to block the shooting. hem one that they will nev iron. ‘The Pinkert ins tried . Then they hoisted a white flag and the He wrote Andrew Carnegie strike of 1919, which, ironic reelection orders handed down by the kers marched them out of town. “Tr is hard to estimate what blessings out the year Frick died. board, ‘Then the NRA and the Steel Unit will flow from our recent complete vic Morgan bought out Carnegie in Labor Board turned out to be what Not even the President of the 1901. His syndicate paid Carnegie “ghosts States could force him to recogni tory.” Carnegie Steel profits by 1899 Judge Stacey had predicted: union, Frick told the Republican Na: had mounted to 80% on its inflated $350,000,000. Frick’s cut was sixty Hoating around in the air.” tional Committee and members of the capital writeup and to five times million, Carnegie used philanthropy to (Continued on page 25) FIGHT, May 1936

Letters from Soldiers

In this, the first article in a series of three, the writer quotes from hundreds of letters he has received from almost every state in the Union

By Walter Wilson ILLUSTRATED BY BILL JAMES = ~“y'

HE COMMON soldier came author in recent years by veterans. arene at (his name was Sullivan) returned. He home in 1919 hating the war Some of them were written to parents tingent (we were all going for the alled in the noncoms and accused them and the war-makers and the war- or to Congressmen during the War or ne purpose and I thought the sek of mutiny and said the mess sergeant managers. National Commander J. soon after it. A few appeared in the tive draft a fine thing) ; my draft num- was running the kichen and any more Ray Murphy of the American Legion liberal magazines shortly after the War, ce ea interference would result in serious told the delegates to the American chiefly in 191920. It is hoped that es ao Federation of Labor convention at At- charges, against the ringleaders, they will help to keep alive the memo- ee ee ae lantic City last year that the Legion ries of the common soldiers; their ha- ee eee A Yellow Colonel was organized because of the discontent tred of war and of those who make and Eons seat “The first battle was St. Mihiel and among the common soldiers. We have profit by it.” Besides, it is hoped that te ing | nae eal es ‘our casualties were about seventy-five even stronger evidence, the letters of they will help to raise questions in the con cae eerearaeet per cent. During this battle the cap hundreds of veterans and soldiers writ minds of the soldiers of tomorrow aes eae tain saw us as equals and treated us as ten during the War and after. A War to End War ee es such afterw Tears came to his But almost twenty years have passed. eyes when he saw his 1 en die in a bar- here is a danger that the veterans will ‘The following letter was written by ‘he first ee few weeks ae were hell, rage and without orders he moved his forget their grievances and their old a man who served in the World War eo ree company to a safer position. His pe war-time hatred of militarism and mili- as a private and corporal. He was au it was almost impossi- sonal courage was of the highest type tarists. Henri Barbusse in his power- severely gassed on two occasions and ble to get medical attention. and for the first time there was mu ful war novel Under Fire has one of has been thereby incapacitated for cer- "wv arrived in the regular army tual respect. Let us blame his former his characters say: “You're rig tain kinds of work. In the introduction about March 1, 1918. From this acts on a damn poor system fostered by shall forget. Not only the length of to his letter he said: “I have been com- aoe ary oie an outworn military code If civilians: the big misery which can’t be caleu- mander of our Legion post and active offic were always first. They trav- must do the fighting, let them keep their lated, as you say, ever since the begin- ‘on many civic committees appointed by ee rear rights while in the service. The only ning, but the marches that turn up the the Mayor T was post service offi age. They paid little attention to us officer who ever asked men to do what ground and turn it again, lacerating cer for the Legion for several years and Seen ees he was afraid to do was a colonel and your feet and wearing out your bones am now a member of the County Sol- Tonly heard about that. He stayed in se aa an under a load that seems to grow big- diers’ Relief Commission.” Here is his ere Germann a dugout and ‘called’ a lieutenant for er in the sky, the exhaustion until you ee eee retiring from a position that meant don’t know your own name any more, 22 years old when the war was told the punishment would be a sure death for his men. For some un- the tramping and the inaction that broke out, unmarried, working for my crust of bread for supper; he rebelled known reason we were never given any grinds you, the digging jobs that ex- father, a job that had a promising fu- and threw the crust at the cook. ‘he other instructions than to fight when we ceed your strength, the endless vigils ture for me T was in love with a punishment for that consisted in having ‘went over the top. To fight and hold when you fight against sleep and watch girl and very much in love with life, our ground. Unless someone assumed for the enemy who is everywhere in but considered it my duty to enlist. I his pack tied on him and his hands authority we went without a leader. I the night, the pillows of dung and lice was an idealist, thought it was a war lashed together and tied to the back of was a corporal in St. Mihiel and act- we shall forget not only those but to end war, and, in any event, my coun- the water cz In this fashion he a eee ing sergeant in the Meuse—Argonne even the foul wounds of shells and ma- try needed me. I now bitterly resent and twice I assumed command of men chine guns, the mines, the gas, and the the fact other folks were permitted to A Square Lieutenant without any real authority because no counter-attack. ‘This soldier make money from the War while we “Once during the training period orders had been issued. I was gassed might have gone on listing the evils who did the fighting would have done while the captain was away for a few twice and could have gone to the hos- ‘of war such as the snobbery and arro- it for nothing if necessary. I do not days a group of noncommissioned off pital either time. Had I done so I gance of the officer caste; the means by now feel any shame in accepting any cers appealed to the first lieutenant to could have had a wound stripe and which the rich and powerful escaped additional bonus, pension, or allowance make the cooks and kitchen help wash later on a Purple Heart, but my duty dangerous service; the war profiteering as I now feel that the war was un- their hands and give us better meals was to keep on going. - the injustice of military justic and necessary, that my comrades were sac- instead of disposing of the food to the “T became quite ill, found out later other outrages. rificed in order that a privileged class French. ‘The name of the lieutenant it was flu, was picked up somewhere in Here we are allowing the Unknown a field hos- ld make money. was E. A. McGuire. He took the case an ambulance and taken to Soldier to tell his story through letters. “In August my conscience began to up immediately and for a week we had pital. Hardly able to stand alone, 1 Most of these letters were sent to the bother me and I went to the draft board good clean meals. ‘Then the captain was placed before a doctor with oak

8 May 1936, FIGHT

me as if to say ‘Don’t the damn fool ger, hurry up, give me service.’ A Ne- day, all night, all day and ni eaves on his shoulders... He looked at me with disgust and said: know the war is over?” I was a bur- gro sailor conveyed the message to the ext morning—cramped position. . . . ‘Another goddam goldbrick soldier. den to a nation with an unemployment captain and the whole meal was I was ill and slow about snapping into Well, get him the hell out of here— problem and they let me know it. Now stopped. . . . A ship court martial was it. A lieutenant called me a blankety- I am re threatened until the officer made an blank black nigger. I resisted and was take him up to Briey.’ . the tide has turned for me. spected because I have built up a bust apology to me. . . . The ship's captain disarmed and put under guard. “We Officers Come First ness of my own . . . but my comrades reprimanded all of them and said he hiked hungry, cold, and wet. My cap- “During my hospital experience who are unemployed are still classed in was official commander of all on his tain deliberately kicked a soldier after learned that officers who had never been same category as a drunken ship and the colonel in the army must he had fallen down nearly dead from about the under fire always came first. In food friend whom we wish we had never obey or be put in irons. Further, he exhaustion and gave orders to shoot the they were served first. In all shows known.” said: “There are no Negroes, all. for next soldier for an example for the cause.’ . ... He said to rest if they did not keep up. We hiked they had the front seats. Cafés were set one common aside for them and they were truly The Negro Soldier the army officers it was dangerous folly on. Finally we came to the fighting gentlemen by act of Congress in a coun- The horrors which Negro soldiers to create a dislike and lose confidence zone. We had to do guard duty with- try where all men are free and equal went through in both combat and labor of his men. out ammunition in our rifles; food was «I was insulted once by a strange battalions have never been fully realized “On arriving in Brest it was a cus- scant; we slept in a church that had Even for troops to help unload ships, no roof. . major in Luxetnburg for having my by the majority of Americans. tom collar open on a hot day. I was not less is known of the splendid fights after landing at port. My white cap- Murder as “Discipline” permitted to answer the major or my waged by individuals and organizations tain ordered me on deck. ‘The ship's ‘own officers would have been insulted, among the Negro soldiers for their captain told him he was still in com- “We moved on. I was taken very too. I never saw the drunken major rights as citizen soldiers. Here is a mand until he set foot on the soil sick from unhealthy conditions. I was that I gave faithful service and tried by court martial and put under some indication of what ‘Also again; I would like to meet him. . « letter that gives Since the war the government has seen the Negro soldiers went through. The ‘was entitled to that much consi guard... One day at mess a hard- fit to retire disabled officers at a high letter is from Marion DeWitt Archie, boiled sergeant, 24th Infantry, shot @ rate of pay who says he was used both as a laborer Discrimination Ashore soldier at my captain's request about “One thing more: I think practi- and a shock trooper at different times: “After being in Napoleon Barracks line bucking, but this day the soldier between twenty-four hours, we were herded like was last and the sergeant thought he all of our officers were decorated “At the outbreak of the war cally I had with sabers who was at the same thing again. Soldier for bravery. Not an enlisted man in the United States and Germany, cattle by cavalrymen our company was ever honored thus, returned to Minneapolis. . ... I was warned us not to venture beyond cer was not armed, only trying to get his 1918, to en- tain boundaries and told we would beans. It was a wilful shooting on though many’ of them earned a decora- called to service August 3, train for Camp Dodge, Towa. I no- contract dreadful ailments by mingling the sergeant’s part. Next day the sol- tion. ‘The same time dier and myself was sent together in “When we came home there were no ticed no discrimination. The country with French people. ambulance to evacuation hospital. He parades, no welcome. When I hit my was at its highest crisis then all of the whites were at liberty to do died... hhome town in uniform they looked at “But later we started active move- as they pleased. ‘There was trouble “T had to fight Americans as well as ments for France where, after the pe- swith us, a fight with cavalrymen, We to go fight Germans. You see we had of five weeks had elapsed, I was finally gained some liberty. iod sailing for Brest. 1 was assigned by “We finally entrained for advance as a downtrodden race and soldier a the naval captain of the ship to wait to theater of war, hiking and hiking; double issue. On my return voyage ‘on commissioned officers’ mess [white, then a train 40 and 8 [the famous everything went fairly well till I got on French troop boxcars: back to Camp Meade, Maryland. We ‘of course—W. W.].. . . On this very designation voyage, my third or fourth day out at “hommes 40; chevaux 8°] and cold and had hostess-house recreation centers in officer said, ‘Nig- rain, rain, rain. Then ride, ride, all every camp. All commissioned officers, sea, a commissioned gave a formal dance. All doughboys and noncoms were excluded from e tering our own government recreation base... They had white M.P’s [military police] to keep us out from our own race. We broke up the dance. “Cumberland, Maryland, we were refused eats in a restaurant near a rail- road station on account of color. We protested and ate anyway. Camp Meade had signs up ‘Latrine, White Only’; but we used them just the same. Medals Aren't for Negroes “Finally I was honorably discharged in Camp Grant, Illinois. 1 remained in Chicago. Downtown in Grant Park there was a Red Cross hut with host- esses and recreation for returned sol- diers. .. . One day a comrade came

in, He was colored. With medals and citations. A white orderly accosted him, and was going to throw him out if he did not take them off. I had a medal also... This orderly cast

an evil eye at me. I said, ‘He don’t have to take it off and me neither,” an then a fight ensued... . We were hustled by M.P.’s in government se- cret service car to Federal building to a commanding officer and there threat- ened with six months in the house of correction. Ordered to stay away from Red Cross hut.” FIGHT, May 1936

Burning F'uses An American foreign correspondent who covers the Ethiopian front and is now in Europe writes about the war... Mussolini... Rhineland... Soviet Union By Pierre van Paassen

true: Mussolini is the one who is des guns. This war is costing Italy more AMDA ARAHAM, where approaches its end with the onset of A thiopians committed. the perate. Italy's gold reserve is dwind: the rainy season, nothing is settled ex- an the Great War did, thirty million ling so fast that British experts cept that the highly mechanized Italian lire per day. ‘This means during the error of opposing Badoglio in close formation, two battalions of the give the Duce capacity to fight at the army is superior to the Ethiopians in coming months of enforced non-activit Imperial Guard were annihilated by utmost two or three months more. That pitched battle, but:that was known be- one billion five hundred million lire, a the Fascist artillery, but it was by no is the reason Badoglio’s sortie from fore the war started. ‘The lightning staggering sum for an impoverished ‘means the victory italy made it appear. kale in February was followed by or- advance upon Adowa in November was which can obtain no credit ‘The Italian propaganda service applied ganized “rejoicing” in Italy and why never repeated. To gain that ‘moral every little skirmish of patrols in victory” of Adowa, legions of workmen magnified results, calling a corporal’s guard ‘‘a division,” thirteen machine Ethiopia is worked up into “a smashing had built a road along the flanks of the “Suicide Bands” guns “enormous booty” and the smoke victory” and every hazardous straight- mountains. This tour de force was the After the recent retreat in Tigre the ‘of the straw huts of fifteen bombed ening of the Italian line is made to easiest job the labor corps has performed Ethiopian army split up into innumer- Ethiopian villages “clouds arising from appear as the crushing of thus far. But that road does not exist able small groups, so-called “suicide the gigantic Ethiopian funeral pyres.” Abyssinian army.” today. It crumbled under the “little bands.” ‘They operate independently The fact is that the Ethiopians, as rains” of early spring. In what shape without contact with headquarters, and Coptic Christians, oppose cremating the Empty Victories will the whole Italian road system be only seldom send a runner to inform the dead. By playing on the general igno Badoglio’s victories have been largely when the annual deluge of the “big Negus or the nearest chief of their ance of the customs of the Ethiopian empty. He advanced 150 kilometers as rains” starts in May? The achievements. ‘These bands filter in’ tribes and the lack of understanding of far as Alam Alagi, through the easiest streamlets are swelling. the territory occupied by the Italian

geographic and atmospheric conditions part of Ethiopia where he met no resist- catze and Mareb rivers were cut roads, waylay supply trains, fill in in the African empire, the Italian prop- ance during the first two months of the spuming cataracts before the end of narrow mountain passes by rolling av agandists have been able to put over war because the Ethiopian troops did March. The roads in Tigre are lanches of rock and boulders. Th not a few mystifications not arrive at the front till January. washed out, bridges are swept away snipe and surprise sentinels. Today many an American is firmly Six hundred and fifty kilometers lie be- valleys are changed into swirling mud often caught and exterminated when persuaded that Ethiopia is in a bad fore him over a terrain that grows pools. The roadsides are strewn with they bite off more than they can che shape, smarting under defeat, at the end more troublesome every step of the way broken-down trucks, ambulances, tanks, but other bands take their place and the of her resources, and that T walked the whole distance twice; I oil-carts, and other matéris guerrilla war goes on. When tanks bearing down on Addis know whereof I speak, gorge of Tigre lie hopelessly smashed heave in sight they wait till the metal seven-league boots ‘The opposite is Now that the first year’s campaign Italian cannon and rusting machine monsters are near, dash from behind a

— troops goose-stepping into the Rhineland May 1936, FIGHT.

Innsbruck that a total of twelve thou- clump of bushes, climb on the backs of citizens have sand Tyrolese Italian the juggernauts, pour a bottle of gaso- sought asylum in Austria and Germany Tine through the openings in the gun- to escape military service in East Africa. turrets, and apply a match, thus roast- ‘To be called to the colors is tantamount ing the occupants to instant surrender to getting a death-warrant. Other tanks blunder into or death. quagmires carefully camouflaged by Native Troops twigs and green sods, and the crews Italian consuls and diplomatic repre~ smother in the slime. Forty-two tank sentatives all over the world have been crews met their end that way on the instructed to issue categoric denials of Ogaden front alone. Five thousand reports of deserters wherever they Italian trucks, the whole initial supply, appear. Yet. there twenty-six have been wrecked, sunk, or blown up. minor revolts and group-refusals to ‘These are the fighting tactics in vogue leave for the war in Africa in the course amongst the Ethiopians since time im- of December and January. On Decem- memorial. Badoglio would like noth- ber 13 and 14, peasants in the High- ing better than to fight the Negus in Adigo province, the former Austrian hed battles on the European style. Tyrol, were making coffins for soldiers "The Marshal is sure of victory if he executed in the mutiny at Bolzano. can only entice the Ethiopians into b: ‘Wounded and sick men who have re- tle, But they escape his grasp. Bado- turned from Eritrea told me that It- lio is trying to catch mice with aly’s native Askari troops are so_un- sledge-hammer. dependable that they have to be driven Mussolini’s dream of a quick vie~ to battle by machine-gun detachments Ethiopia and the imposition legions. Whenever tory over of the blackshirt of a victorious “peace” has been rudely these Askaris showed the slightest hesi- shattered. “Go with joy in your heart,” tation to fight or made ready to cross the Duce told the Fascist legions as over to join their Ethiopian kinsmen, about to leave for Eritrea in them let loose a they were the blackshirts behind February 1935. “Go with joy in your rain of death. This explains in part the heart . ‘The whole of Abyssinia will high casualties suffered by the Askaris belong to you . . . We will not be sat- while few deaths are reported among, isfied with partial occupations. the blackshirts If Abyssinia opposes you, turn it into a The first act of Marshal Badoglio pool of blood and fire. . . . You have ‘upon, assuming command was the dis- the finest equipment in the world. missal of Count Ciano, Mussolini’s The world has no idea how strong who combined the position son-in-law, Italy is. . . . Before long the five con of director of the press bureau with that tinents will bend the knee and tremble ‘of bombing-squad leader. Badoglio re- before the Fascist power... . To the sented Ciano's giving himself and the blond paladins of the black peoples w The King, Mussolini, and representatives of the Italian Fascist cons of Mussolini exclusive credit for say: ‘We don’t care a damn about you. Party inspecting troops leaving for the Ethiopian front air raids and interpreting “as colossal I swear to you, on the sixth of bomb-throwing expeditions February, 1936, I will personally fly to ‘The outlook is far from brilliant in These enthusiasts resemble the gi which were without th slightest risk.” Addis Ababa to hoist the Italian tsi Italy, Both the Vatican and the mon- sters whom Hitler supplied with re Mussolini's sons, deprived of tt ir pub- color on the palace of the Negus.” © worried about the ultimate volvers and truncheons to beat down icity man, have decided to follow of the African conflict on condi the unarmed workers, the boys who go home. At Home tions at home. What if Fascism should around in Paris with sticks to the end This Count Ciano is the man who On February 6, 1936, Mussolini a socialist ‘of which razors have been tied and who gave out victory communiqués every be swept away? What if drawn and up in Rome, follow lone workers home late in the to the foreign newspaper cor whose face has become government were to be set evening grooved with lines of worry these last where church and crown have identified evening to “gang up” on them in respondents. The liberal newspaper six months, was not in Addis Ababa but so closely with the castor- d street. “Solidly behind Oewore in Paris withdrew its corres themselves he favorite phrase of our the front last November in Rome and ordered that oil regime as to become almost identical pondent from and photographers film and snap him with it? The general anxiety in upper correspondents and Fascist apologists, when Ciano offered to furnish “p only from a distance. On that day, circles echoes in our press, where “dis- comes down to this: two thousand Sonal experiences” which the corres Italian tourist agencies no longer dis tinguished” correspondents warn of Italian soldiers stationed in the fron- pondent could peddle as his own. tours for should be tier garrisons near the Brenner Pass refused, but several so-called played ads about conducted chaos in Italy if Mussolini Ocuore certain ghtseers to Addis Ababa “next sum- forced out. As if chaos were not there have deserted and crossed into Austria big shots among the reporters, mer.” Everybody in Rome realizes that already! ‘There are thousands upon in January, the Yugo-Slav government Americans included, accepted eagerly the conquest of Ethiopia is going to tak thousands in that country who have organized an internment camp at Puz- enough.

their fill once in their lives. la in Bosnia for the 2500 Italian de- a long time. Of course officially noth- never eaten Dream ing is left undone to counteract the And yet ‘‘the day may come,” so an- who had come over from the Mussoli sense of gloom and pessimism which ounces the Dictator, ‘when the work Julian districts; another camp ‘The thirteen years of systematic pervades the country. Mussolini is still ing class of Italy shall have to content in Bosnia was being put in shape ai looting of the Italian people by ‘Mus- wildly acclaimed when he m itself with one meal a day.” “The work- Bistriza for the 127 Italian officers who solini to put that formidable war ma- his rare baleony appearances, but his as- ing class has spent a winter without had accompanied their men. ‘The Lon: chine of his in. shape had wrecked the sistants like erzoni, one of the most coal. Peasants walk around in Sicily don Times correspondent at Munich Italian financial system beyond repair prominent cabinet ministers, who have and Apulia with the pockets of their that approximately one thou: even before he launched the Ethiopian ian soldiers had taken refuge war. By a quick victory there, the not the privilege of commandeering the trousers turned inside out in mute dem: services of the two thousand onstration that they have been squeezed in Bav ia by New Year's day and that Duce figured he would secure a con- sioned ovationists”—that is to say, the to the last farthing to build up the the rate of desertions from Italy's bor siderable market for Italian manufac paid claque who lead the applause and Fascist war machine. der garrisons was increasing from two tured articles, a field of colonization for to three hundred per week. crowded Italian peasantry, and a who see to it that everybody else around As to the popular enthusiasm for the hundred the applauds—such men as Federzoni are African war, this is entirely confined to The Toronto Star’s correspondent, Mr. big loan to exploit the conquered em- heard in mournful silence bands of well-dressed young gentlemen. Matthew H. Haltow, reports from (Continued on page 29) FIGHT, May 1936 u

Kadic

bia Broadcasting System and National ceive more than the minimum are never York station WHN in 1934. At that Broadcasting Company for stations to specified because, we strongly suspect, time it was in charge of a clever young fill out his proposed system. These bids they do not exist.) man named Perry Charles. As soon as

are running into six figures and have The result of all this is that the Ma= the show clicked, the Major, who was build up their own radio chains and the old networks groggy. Hearst jor has one of the least expensive directing manager of WHN at the thereby get a grip on the public's ear Radio, Inc., is just now working on a shows on any network and that he time, had Charles fired and took it over New York State chain with WINS, makes more than $2,000,000 a year himself. Some months later he stole New York, as the key station. Gestures Broken down, the figures on his earn- the show from the station (the courts are being made toward WSYR, Syra- ings are as follows: $5,500 a week from held that he was legally justified in do- cuse; WABY, Albany; WNBY, Buf- his sponsors, the Chase & Sanborn ing so) and took it over to NBC where falo; WIBX, Utica, and WNBF, Coffee Company; $3,500 per week it has remained ever since as one of the Binghamton, while his recent acquisi- from his stage units; $2,000 each for wonders of the radio world, ns in Texas and the other states of each of his motion picture short sub- ‘The cost of the show to Chase & which will allow them to spread’ their the Southwest show that he is defin- Sanborn are the salaries of the Major reactionary doctrines free of govern- itely after a nation-wide hookup over and Graham McNamee, the announcer, ment interference. which to fight the cost of telephone voting setups, and Coughlin, of course, originated the stock of Hitler, Mussolini, et al. of the network itself, and a few other idea some time ago when he organized To show his “strength” Hearst re- incidentals. This makes it one of the his own chain after the government cently eliminated all radio columns in cheapest hit shows to have a national barred his sermons from the regular his various newspapers. The ban lasted audience, networks. This was done by buying about two weeks after which protests jects and a mere bagatelle of $500 per So many youngsters started hitch- time on independent stations and link- by his readers forced him to reinstate s managing director of the Capi- hiking into New York to become ama- ig them together with telephone lines them. tol Theatre in New York. He re- teurs that some months ago metropoli- during his broadcasts from Detroit. The Coffee Grinder cently started a magazine of his own, tan relief agencies were forced to crack Now Macfadden is seeking to do the but earnings from that are not yet down on the Major. They explained same thing with his Goodwill Court TFTEEN hundred amateurs have available. Oh yes, we forgot to men- that the city could not cope with five hour, which also has been frowned off been “given their big chance” over tion that he also gets a commission of or ten thousand ambitious but penniless the established chains by the Federal Major Bowes's Amateur Hour so far, ten per cent from the salaries of per- visitors each week. Now an applicant ‘Communications Commission. ‘The but not one of them has won lasting formers engaged in his units. must prove that he lives in New York plan of the publisher of True Story fame thereby Chase & Sanborn advertises that if or has means to support himself before Magazine is to link four stations of the Most of these ambitious boys and you buy a pound of their coffee you are he is given any consideration, Mutual and nine stations of the Inter- girls receive their $5 from the Major helping another amateur to win fame. If the Amateur Hour were providing city hookup. He plans to pander to ($10.00 if they get the gong) and slip Ir is estimated that since the Major has new jobs for the unemployed there sexstarved individuals over WMCA, back into the obscurity whence they been doing his stuff the company has New York; WOR, Newark, N. J} sold 4,700,000 pounds of coffee. So, in CKLW, Detroit; WGN, Chicago; Two hundred and fifty of them reality, the purchase of a pound really WLW, Cincinnati, and their lesser have secured work in one of Bowes's helps 1/300 part of an amateur to win affiliates twelve theater units, where they scurry success (if he only did so), or in other about the country in buses, work words, you would have to buy 3,100 Samuel Insull, who was dragged from dawn to dusk, pay all of their back from Greece by Uncle Sam after pounds really to get one performer on he had flimflammed millions of Amer- own expenses except for transportation, the air. might be some justification for its ex- and earn the princely wage of $35 to There is an interesting story behind $75 a week. (The Major insists that the way that Bowes happened to take istence, but, according to Alfred Hard-

he pays $60 to $125 per week to those over his famous job. 17 Amateur ing, editorial director of the Actors’ GYP RADig Equity Association, this is not the case. gO } engaged in his units, but those who re- Hour first scored a success over New For one thing, the amateurs take the S.INSULT Pres place on the air of professionals who have devoted their lives to being enter- For another, their chances cans out of tens of millions of dollars for real success on the stage or radio through his utility company manipula- have been estimated to be 3 in 200,000, tions, only to be freed when his case and finally the opportunity of making came to court, is doing very nicely

a little money causes those who are real thank you, with his Afiliated Broad ly professionals to pose as amateurs, casting Company out in the Middle thereby tending to force the wage scale West. of the whole entertainment world ‘The most dangerous sign of the down to $5 or $10 per performance. radio times is the rapid progress being The Major doesn't mind the com- made by Hearst in organizing a power- plaints, however. He is making more ful network. Working through Elli- money than any other man ever did in ott Roosevelt, son of the President of the entertainment world. He has his the United States, the Sage of-San Sim: country home in Ossining, N. Y., with con already has signed up fourteen sta- its outdoor swimming pool, and his tions and is planning to have many town place with its four servants. He more under his control by the time he has a reputation as a philanthropist and starts actual operations next fall. He is “Nobody wants war, ladies and gentlemen, but if a war comes, s his sponsors. at present bidding against the Colum- me must profit by it? —Grorok Scorr May 1936, FIGHT

. “Attaboy, be a fence-sitter p22 | | By Hoff | FIGHT, May 1936 B FIGHT RECOMMENDS: Three—Lilian Hellman’s pie These turzation of her play, The Children's Hour, equally dramatic as. film The Milky Way—Harold Lloyd in one of his mort hilarious comedies. The he finest Story fils of of Louis the Pasteur season Modern Times—Chacie Chaplin's bil

making war against neighboring tribes. The Country Doctor—For its splendid Things to Come technocracy, still we come from the pi But out of the skies comes an aviator, jection room with the conviction that HORRIBLI are of the Cabal (Raymond Massey), who had he had turned a political fip-Aop. FIGHT FIGHTS: next war and its effect upon civ- lived in Everytown before the war. He —Ronerr SHAW. ilian population, as seen through Rif. Rof—A picture to be pickete is the representative of the n w World The Leathernecks. Have Landed! the eyes of H. G. Wells and State of engineers, scientists, and aviat- ‘mop-em-up” school eras of London Films, is depicted in ors who seek to outmode nationalism Will Hays Re-elected Things to Come, a graphic enactment and boundary lines and to abolish war. WLLL H. HAYS, postmaster gen- of the terrors of the next conflict and After a minor skirmish with the chief ral during the scandal-breeding Africa—the dramatis personae of the its frightful aftermaths, Harding administration and for the last show to come. A March of Time reel the Wings Over the World forces put shows the new Japanese cabinet, with The picture portrays the fate of fourteen years president of the Motion the population to sleep with their peace the commentator suggesting that it may Everytown from the outbreak of war gas and take command. Picture Producers and Distributors of ‘on Christmas Eve, 1940, to the era of With. scientific effort devoted to America, Inc., has just been re-elected make for a new era of international the new civilization of the technocrats, peaceful pursuits, a new city despite the protests of the Authors’ accord in the Far East. A few min- utes later another reel shows you the a century hence. The film is replete ague of America, among others. In part of a technically marvelous eivili- new Philippine army. ‘Then Roosevelt with grisly detail, You are shown a zation which reminds you of all the inaugural address, Hays said Speaks for Peace, a shot of the Presi- devastating bombardment, the panicky Popular ience covers you ever saw. It “The character of pictures produced scramble for gas masks and shelter as during the current season demonstrates dent discussing his “good-neighbor” pol- is a naively magnificent climax. bomb after bomb drops with telling Unfortunately the picture ends on the ability of the screen to deal with iey at Rollins College, Florida. There effect. Airplanes fill the air like lo- an annoying note, with a latter-day C: vital subjects of the day, with strong is something about his delivery that is fausts and the war rages for decades bal, president of the council of direc dramatic scenes, with social problems painfully similar to the attitude assumed Everytown lies in ruins, ravaged by tion, sending his daughter and her and with all dramatic forms on which by Woodrow Wilson in his exposition the plague of the highly contagious honest entertainment can be built. This of his neutrality doctrines. 1 sweetheart on a perilous rocket trip the same high-minded talk and the Wandering Sickness, the germs of around the moon in the name of scien- is asserted notwithstanding such arti- which were dropped from enemy planes tific advancement or something, That in ficial controversies as may be raised to same futility Sufferers are shot like mad dogs, and itself was not so disturbing, but when the contrary.” ‘The New York Times

the plague gradually subsides. “Social we heard Cabal spout: “The best of thought this allusion to “artificial con Theater activity” is resumed, but the cloc life, Passworthy, lies nearest the edge troversies” was a reference to It Can‘t turned back to the middle ages. The of death,” it sounds terribly reminiscent Happen Here, and while recalling E should like to know whether is no gasoline. Autos are drawn by of the Mussolini doctrine, “It is better Hays's denial of censorship at the time, our readers would like a theater communication and aviation are to live like a lion for a day than like a observed that “Joseph I. Breen, Mr. page regularly. Meanwhile we ap- A local chief, played by Ralph lamb for a hundred years.” Coneeding Hays's Pacific coast representative, was pend the following notes: rdson, who bears a resemblance that the aims of the two might be said to have pointed out to the pro- Bitter Seream—By Viewor Wollwon,. (Based to Goering and is a lampoon on all Fas ducers, however, that the distribution of novel Fontamara) Produced by different and that this philosophy is cist dictators, occupies his people with consistent with Mr. Wells's brand of the film might bring about boycotts on realise picture Union. of Italian Civic Fascism Repertory. in action A the rest of their product in Italy and A "moving. and colorfl ‘shows any, and perhaps in other coun ow the seizure of peasant rin, 18 tries with Fascist leanings.” It so hap- and_-murder constitute. the Faucet number of “the greatest good forthe smallest pens that M-G-M, which had paid Ali the idiocy of Fascim,, and $50,000 for the screen rights to the n be cure Bury. the Dead—A long one-act play by book, has a very efficient foreign de- Irwin ‘Shaw that hae surpassed Waiting for partment which was perfectly aware Lefty in. the excitement. it has. aroused Given a' two-night tryout in March, tt has of the European political situation when been made available in print by both Rand the picture was announced. We think House and New Theater magazine. Being that the real reason for the Breen-Hays presented. on Broadway by Alex Yokel, in Hollywood by Contemporary Theater. Theme ban was printed in a recent issue of Dead soldiers refuse to be buried until they Publisher's Weekly, which reported find out what caused their lives to be cut

short. Fulton Theater that Sidney Howard, who was making the screen adaption, was asked to Idiot's Delight—Alfred Lunt falls in love with Lynn Fontanne again, this time against change the seizure of power from a a background of dialogue’ by Robert ‘Sher= ‘ascist to a Communist one. Pe twood depicting the start of the next world it was his refusal which brought down war. ‘The best capsule crticiem was made wma Study Club which awarded the wrath of the movie czar: ase it challenges rar danger without. lo brighter side of fife” Newsreels Triple A Plowed Under—The Living News paper. Federal Theater Project. ‘The trou- ITH war clouds hovering over bles of the farmers from 1917 to 1936, ind Europe, the newsreels are increas- the need for co-operation betsreen farmer ing their coverage of military prepared- Vivily and avity told. Bete es, recording for such posterity as may survive the future carnage what the The Th Collective—Provincetown |

soldier boys looked like in their brand Playhouse e-act plays, the best | being Albert Malts's Private’ Hicks about a new uniforms before the shrapnel venti- National 18 who. refuses to shoot |

lated them. The German army entering. rikers the Rhineland . .. France moving up in Saint Joas Martin defense... England’s new acrobatic Becke ofa ‘Merle Oberon, Joel McCrea, and Miriam Hopkins in “These Three” bomber . . . Ttaly’s dress rehearsal in play. icted, Beiltantly Maurice Evans produced outstanding. and generally well May 1936, FIGHT

Ky z As Labor Goes

The popular columnist and president of the American Newspaper Guild discusses here the dangers of Fascism to the trade- union movement and American liberties

By Heywood Broun ILLUSTRATED BY AD REINHARDT

ae Americans are quite probably drive either Hitler or discuss the danger of Mussolini out of power Now busi beginning to the coming Fascism in this country ness men in Ameriea, as far as our ex I suppose Sinclair Lewis did a great perience reaches back, have seldom been deal to spread this discussion by writ- enthusiastic about trade unionism. You ing his novel, It Can't Happen Here can hardly expect them to be. If you know the book, you realize that difference in interest. The manu- the title isan ironic one, and that some turer wants to produce his commod- of the fantasies which Lewis projected ity as cheaply as possible, and the work in his book have already come into being er wants higher wages and shorter in part hours. And higher wages and shorter I am quite ready to admit that the hours do increase costs. But there have word Fascism has been used very been compromises here and there along

loosely. Sometimes we call a man a the line. Certainly employers have Fascist simply because we dislike him, been shrewd enough to see that what. for one reason or another. And so I'll ever the short-run possibilities of ry to be pretty literal in outlining “coolie” labor might be, it would not which I see as even be to their own long-range interest come of the evidence danger of Fascism in Amer to treat labor simply as a commodity

and operate along the lines of dat ol’ debbil Law of Supply and Demand. But A. Definition at the present time there is a vast re First of all, we need a definition. voir of unemployed labor in Ame Fascism is a dictatorship from the ex- Tt is rather silly to talk about the treme Right, or to put it a little more American standard of living, a phrase closely into our local idiom, a govern- dear to the politicians, when so many ment which is run by a small group of millions of people are living on the large industrialists and financial lords. actual verge of nec ity. Tt isn’t good Of course, if you want to go back into enough to say nobody starves although ecent history, the influence of big b that is a rather questionable boast, be- ness has always been present in our cause we all know that out of the mil- But there have lions of unemployed, some do actually federal government. been some checks on its control. I am starve, and many more are on the basis going to ask latitude to insist that we of a slow starvation. Out of the ten might have Fascism even though we or sixteen millions who have no jobs, maintained the pretense of democratic it is obvious that malnutrition must be machinery. The mere presence of a prevalent Supreme Court, a House of Represen- tatives, a Senate and a President would A Recent Strike rot be sufficient protection against the Now in a spot like this, big busine utter centralization of power in the sees its chance to lower labor standards hands of a few men who might hold no and attack labor organizations. Em- office at all. Even in the case of Hit. ployers who have dealt, if not happily ler, many shrewd observers feel that at least with a minimum of opposition 1 he is no more than a front man and ade unionism, now see the that his power is derived from the large chance for the open shop, and much

; munitions and steel barons of G lower wages and much longer hours. I \ Now one of the first steps which think it is not unfair tq say that any Fascism must take in any land in order business. man in America, or public to capture power is to disrupt and de- leader, who goes out to break unions, stroy the labor movement. It must rob is laying foundations for Fascism. In | trade unions of their power to use the some cases, he may not realize the role | strike as a weapon. In both Germany which he is playing. In most cases, I | and Italy, labor is wholly under re- think We have had here in REINHARDT straint so far as the strike goes. A gen- New York, for instance, a very inter- | c, if it were possible, could (Continued on page 24) FIGHT, May’ 1936

had grown too small for comfort, and the frenzy of those who had egged on the British police to ‘‘maintain order” was reproduced in Chicago. he Chicago Tribune urged the authorities to break up workers’ meet- ings with gunfire, and, if necessary, with dynamite. Mayor Harrison of Chicago, although a rich man, was not altogether averse to the claim of the workers that they, too, had the right to live, and he refused to call in the troops. But the The 80's saw the rise of American Chicago police did their best, and dur- industry and with it the American ing 1885 the guardians of the law, frequently led by 2 certain Captain trade-union movement. The work John Bonfield, made numerous attacks ‘on the workers. Many workers’ heads, day was twelve and thirteen hours and unfortunately a few propertied long. Labor began to move. Chicago windows, were broken. For the work- ers there was no redress. Long after- was the center of the eight-hour- wards Governor Altgeld of Illinois put the position concisely when he wrote, day movement. Then... Haymarket “The laboring people found the prisons always open to receive them, but the courts of justice were practically closed to them.” By Leslie Reade Just before May Ist the Knights of Labor withdrew their endorsement of ILLUSTRATED BY PHIL WOLFE the strike; nevertheless on May Day there was a wide response to the strike call. Chicago was naturally the center, but New York and other cities were also affected. In Chicago there was 66 ALL is well, mother. Seven to be strikes. Nevertheless there were strikes little disturbance either on May Day A nged, and one fifteen years. and plenty of them, the most notable or May 2nd. Bonfield’s hour had not All is well.” perhaps being the successful. railway yet struck, but about this time he de- ‘These reassuring words spoken on an strike in 1885, when the great Jay clared “If I could only get a thousand August day in 1886 by Judge Gary to Gould himself was compelled to sur- of these Anarchists and Socialists in one his wife marked the climax of an epi- render to the unions. ‘Thereafter the place without their women and ‘chil- sode in the history of the American and masses had an obvious inducement to dren, T would make short work of international labor movement which is join the K. of L. them.” closely connected with the origin of Besides this organization there were On the evening of May 3rd, a mass May Day. two other more radical labor bodies. meeting was held near the McCormick Fifty years have passed, and the ‘The first was the Revolutionary So- Reaper Works, whose employees had world then as now was divided into cialist Party, founded in 1881; the been locked out for three months and “two nations, the rich and the poor.” second, the Federation of Organized were desperate. August Spies was ad- The distance between the two, although ‘Trade and Labor Unions of the United dressing them on the eight-hour day great, was not quite great enough to States and Canada (now the American when the whistle blew, and the scabs permit the rich to live in happy ignor- Federation of Labor). This latter body poured out of the factory, homeward ance of the existence of the majority. In passed a resolution on October 10th, bound. A fight broke out, the police Europe labor and hunger were plenti- 1884, and repeated in 1885, calling for arrived, and immediately opened. fi ful, and the former was oppressed while an eight-hour day to go into effect Many workers were wounded and some the latter was ignored. May Ist, 1886, and for a strike on were killed. Spies in great agitation As for America, Hyndman wrote in that date. hurried off and printed a broadside in 1886 that, when the difference in the Late in 1885 a Socialist, George A. nglish and German headed “Revenge! cost of living was considered, the Schilling, organized the Eight Hours Workingmen, to Arms! |!” American workman was as badly paid Association. Soon Eight-Hour Leagues as the European. Which was no con- sprang up everywhere, and the labor With Drawn Sword solation to the American. Nor was bodies in Chicago, including K. of L. The following day, May 4th, more hunger satisfied by the pious counsel unions, gave the movement their sup- leaflets were issued, calling for a pro: of the New York World: “The Ameri- port, The Anarchists at first were test and memorial meeting that same can laborer must make up his mind, contemptuous, but when they realized night in the Haymarket Square, Only henceforth, not to be so much better off the growing importance of the agitation about a thousand men, women, and than the European laborer. Men must they also joined. Many Anarchists, children attended, be content to work for low wages. In such as Spies, Schwab, Fielden, Fischer, The police under Bonfield were wait this way the working man will be near- Engel, and Linge were foreigners, and ing in a neighboring police station, and cr to that station in life to which it has the eight-hour movement was immedi- Mayor Harrison himself was at the pleased God to call him.” ately denounced as “alien,” “un-Ameri- meeting. Rain began to fall, and Back in the 80's and, of course, “revolutionary.” people started going home. Everything And so 1885 drew to a close. On ‘as orderly, and at ten o'clock Har- ‘The Noble Order of the Knights of Christmas Day there was a procession nothing was Labor, founded in 1869, was for many ‘of the workers through the most ex- likely to happen requiring interference, years the most important of the Ameri- clusive streets of Chicago, the inhabi- and ordered the police to return to can labor organizations. Under the tants of which were disturbed by the regular duty. leadership of Terence V. Powderly it singing and shouting of the marchers. Bonfield had different ideas. He was a conservative body opposed to The distance between the two “nations” knew there were influences in Chicago 16 May 1936, FIGHT which would not be displeased by vet try the case. Before the trial Parsons another riot, and besides if he was ever communicated with the defendants! to “make short work” of the Anarchists counsel, and offered to return and stand by his comrades. It was decided and Socialists “in one plac his opportunity. ‘True, women and that Albert Parsons should appear in children were present, but on this su- court on the first day, as it was hoped preme occasion Bonfield’s valor over- that the spectacle of a man voluntarily came his sentimentality. Accordingly, risking his life would do something to soon after the mayor had ordered Bon- sway public opinion in favor of the

field to disband his forces, the gallant cused. The plan was carried out, captain marched his entire body of 176 but its purpose failed completely. men to the meeting, halted them close ‘The case against Secliger, who was to the speaker, and advanced alone with merely Lingg’s landlord, was dismissed drawn sword. and so, on June 2ist, eight men stood ‘The rain was now falling heavily, charged with the murder of Mathi and fewer than 500 people remained. Degan, the first policeman to die. Un- ‘The speaker, Samuel Fielden, was say- der Gary’s instructions the jury panel “[ shall be through in a few min- had been carefully drawn from the id then we'll alll go home. In propertied class, and before the jury wwas finally selected nearly 1,000 men point Bonfield loudly inter- had passed through the jury box. Gary rupted, “I command you in the name of argued with them for hours, and recom- the people of Illinois to immediately mended as a fitting juryman one who and peaceably disperse!” excused his prejudices in the following Fielden replied, “Why, Captain, we words: “Of course the more a m: tare peaceable.” feels that he is handicapped [by preju- ‘There was a moment of silence ; then dice], the more he will be guarded a violent explosion. ‘The police began against it.” firing, and then charged. In a few None of the defendants was charged minutes “order” had been restored. The with the actual throwing of the bomb, explosion came from a bomb, thrown but with the unprecedented crime of probably from an alley near the speak- uttering inflammatory speeches and ex's wagon, Sixty-seven policemen were writings, which were alleged to have wounded and seven killed, and two or incited the unknown criminal to his three times as many workers, but the 3 exact number has never been deter- ;, who belonged to that extensive mined. line of judges in which Thayer of the Sacco-Vanzetti case occupies a distin- The Dynamite “Conspiracy” guished position, left nothing undone to Next day Chicago yielded to panic. prove that the real charge against the prisoners was not their acts but their ‘The newspapers screamed for revenge. ‘The city was “determined to stamp out, revolutionary opinions. ‘The witnesses ‘once and forever, Socialism, Anarch- for the prosecution, some of them in- ism, Communism—different labels for formers, the rest police, contradicted the same vile monstrosity.” It was themselves and one another. As it was immediately assumed that the Anar- impossible to say who had thrown the chists were responsible, though nobody bomb, it was equally impossible to offer asked why they should throw a bomb any evidence that the criminal had in fact been induced to do so by any words which would inevitably kill workers as well as police. There were raids on or writings of the prisoners. Tt took radical newspapers and rendezvou: Gary to realize that this omission did there were hundreds of arrests, and not in itself constitute a fatal defect in the case for the prosecution. Mr. Grin~ everywhere the police “discovered” bombs and dynamite factories. In no nel, the prosecuting counsel, in his final time whatever a vast dynamite conspir- speech to the jury, reinforced the charge of murder with one of treason, which acy was unearthed. Fielden, Parsons, Spies, Schwab, legal originality likewise received judi- Fischer, Engel, Ling, Neebe, Secliger, cial approval On August 20th the jury convicted and Schnaubelt were soon indicted Schnaubelt disappeared and was never all the prisoners, and they were sen~ seen again, and Parsons of the Alarm elden, Parsons, Spies, Schwab, likewise avoided arrest ischer, Engel, and Lingg were sen- No criminal lawyer in Chicago tenced to death, and Neebe, who was would undertake the defense, rely a shareholder in Die Arbeiter three civil lawyers did so. citung, got fifteen years. Captain William P. Black, William A. “All is well, Mother . . .” said the Foster, and Sigmund Zeisler. Black, learned judge. whose clients were mostly big men, thereby lost his practice. Lincoln’s Law Partner Steps In cialists, headed by Dr. Ernst Schmidt, a refugee of '48, also started a defense ‘The prisoners, who address fund. court, all denied that they had any part in the bomb throwing, and Until the trial the newspapers main- tained the fire of public fury. Judge Spies concluded: “. . . If you would Elbert H. Gary, ex-Bible instructor once more have people suffer the and millionaire-to-be, was selected to (Continued om page 25) FIGHT, May 1936 7

Becks

White Man's Burden dent territory in 1877, little over a half veloping natural and. the million was left in 1910; the rest had technique of production.” “Thus it has ‘Tue Rare or Arnica, by Lamar Mid- been gobbled up, its natives taxed and “prepared the physical means for con- dleton; 331 pages; Harrison Smith & enslaved to European nations as part of quering mass hunger and raising the human race to a level of healthy Robert Haas; $2.50. the famous “white man’s burden.” entire happy living, with full cultural deve : GOING to be very captious The future of this policy can be glimpsed in the speech made by Charles opment.” But it is incapable of using

about this book because, though T. Te Water, delegate of the Union for human ends what it has created. it is fundamentally important, of South Africa, before the League of Comes now the time, she says in effect, only a few people will read it, and they Nations, in September 1935, as Mus- for the people who have been ruled to will be more annoyed than instructed. take a hand. se time is short solini was moving against that last rem- And that’s a pity bec: —Winteren L. Caarrett id, to use the author's own concluding. nant of free Africa {lt is} the beginning of a yet undefined paragraph: movement of Europe toward capitalization of is unmistak- the still thinly overlaid warsmindednest of the over Africa ‘The drift to war favage and the warlike instincts of Black Fruit Pickers able. ‘That cheering outlook is the result of sixty years of duplicity and chicanery_prace Attca—the training of the teeming. black Ly Duntous Barrie, by John Stein- of Burope. If the races of Africa for v red by the chanceleries Tf that crime is to be committed and beck; 349 pages; Covici Friede continent has been stolen from 140,000,000 Aitica to be conscripted by Europe for its natives, it is assuaging to remember that the own purposes and designs, armed Africa will WRITING this exciting story in due time arise, as ie has done before in its of the migratory fruit pickers of transcendent delights of jong dark history and revert to black California, Mr. Steinbeck prob- barism. ‘The long memory of the black

haingangs, taxes, military conscription, mis- Amold Zweig, outstanding anti-Fascist ably meant well by them. He has Aiea never forgets, never forgives an injury Sonaries, fogging, gi, rum, jack-in-the-boxes, an injustice. ‘author whose Education Before Verdun, shown the lengths to which the grow and other boons of Occidental invention. ‘The imperialist eventually digs his published by Vikis cers will go to break a strike. He shows What annoys me is that the author own grave, but what a hecatomb of in- can be funny about it, and that, for all them rallying drunks, thugs, and high his mastery of the subject, he presents nocents he drags down with him in his liant feat This Wall Street oligarchy, school boys to burn the houses of strike with such a host of fac gory collapse! sympathizers, murder apple pi it so poorly, —Guy Enpore its members individually a d_ jointly and spread terror. His description of so many inverted and compound sen- lusting for profit, domina the life of the Fascist methods used by vigilantes

tences, such subtle sarca all of us to our sorrow. Its field is great natural resources—oil, cop- con the West Coast is a forceful warn- unnecessary place our Industrial Czars ing of the dangers of letting the forces. quotations, and figures that the reader per, electricity, chemicals, aviation (a of reaction continue unchecked in rural simply gets tired and gives up. Rovers or Awerica: A stupy oF “war industry”), steel (al America, This book should have been written FINANCE capirat, by Anna Rochester; dustry), railroads, etc.—every one of On the other hand, when he writes ger, to read like a novel. in whiteshot a 367. pages; International Publishers; them, let the fighter against about the strikers themselves and their ‘The reader should have been bombed $3.50. involving our rulers in inte leaders, Mr. Steinbeck reveals a strange out of his seat to learn how King Leo- matters. pold of Belgium won an empire in 667A HEY know the generalization, The sections dealing with these ignorance of his subject. To him any Africa by forming a scientific society Ve fought for Wall Street, mighty men and great resources are the struggling group of people is simply a for the study of the Congo region. He ut they don’t know the facts ‘most interesting in the book. But not mob with an unmanageable instinct to should have been roused to stormy in- ” says a man who is trying necessarily the most important. Kill and destroy, whether that group is made up of vigilantes or strikers. I ddignation by the tale of the hypocritical to enlist some of his American Legion reader who would come to grips with ex- diplomatic moves in Europe and the friends in the fight against this coming the matter in hand must spend some deed he actually has this sentiment war. Well, here are the facts in abund- pressed by one of the strike leaders, horrible cruelties in Africa, all under careful hours with that section which Mac, a Communist! To Mac the ance for him and for all of us who are the guise of “spreading civilization.” tells how the trick of rulership is strikers are ‘Sust one big animal,” and Says Middleton in one of his best para- dead. in earnest against war; and who turned, It is not mainly by ownership, he never knows what the “mob” is graphs: need now to reinforce our earnestness though these overlords and their kin going to do next. He says: tic that. colonial penetra with an understanding of the kind of and their connections are immensely ‘i m, phil society of which war is the end result. rich (and “their luxury is built on pov- The air gets full of it. T saw a nigger 4s equally a truism that pre As industry and banking have devel lynched one time. They took him a quarter erty”), but rather by “control of the of a mile to a railroad pass, On the way ce are invariably behind oped in this country, some great finan- banking mechanisms, the sluices through building, Besides secking a market cial-industrial interests have emerged, which must pass the great streams of out that crowd killed alittle dog, stoned it to exports Leopold confiscated the Congo f death, everybody just picked up rocks. ‘The notably the Morgans (the author esti- capital... 2” fir was just full of killin’. ‘Then they wasn't wory and rubber. France took over Algeria,

atisied to hang the nigger. They had to Tunisia, and Morocco for their phosphates, mates that the inner stronghold of this This is indeed the heart of the whole hang and shoot him too, iron, zinc, timber, and agricultural potential fone group alone includes more than business. Tt represents for this country ties; the Reich etized the territories that be- came German East Africa and Southwest ‘one-sixth of the corporate wealth of the —awhere it has had its biggest chance— Now anyone who has ever really ob- Mrica for their stock-raising acreage, dia- United States), the Rockefellers, and that fusion of banking and industrial served a strike knows that a group of sionds id minerals; and Britain’ pock- the Mellons. ‘These, with some lesser interests which holds for the capitalist organized workers fighting for better ted Egypt and the Sudan for their yield of giants, are interlinked in myriads of world as a whole, conditions is the antithesis of a mob. fotton and mineral wealth ways, the tracing of which (and of the ‘The author gives this system credit The very business of organizing for Result: In 23 years, out of a total rivalries which paradoxically exist side for the contribution it has made to better conditions requires a high degree of 10 million square miles of indepen- ide with the cooperation) is a bril- humanity. It has “ed the way in de- of serious discipline. Men crazed with

18 May 1936, FIGHT

bloodlust are not the kind to sit down course of history, Mr. Gunther studies each shoulder that they have finally (employers), the Book and Magazine together to work out their demands, to recent events largely through the biog- grown to his clothes and become epaul: Guild of America (employees), the stick by each other until all have won, raphy of the heroes and villains who ettes of a peculiarly flashly un-Amer- Authors League of America, and the to take stern risks for the sake of the rule today. I know of no full-length ican type. International P.E.N. Club (authors), and the National Council of Freedom ‘economic welfare of their families. In book on Hitler and Germany—except The book argues, in a style that reads such situations it is only the employers the unconscious self-revelations of like the inebriated shoutings in an old- from Censorship. Last year the similar who must use mobs, for only thus, only muddleheadedness, sadism, and stupid- style Greenwich Village tea-room “dis- Higgins Bill was dropped after wide- by being inflamed either with drink or ity in Mein Kamp{—which so com- cussion,” that if Jefferson were a twen- spread opposition to it had developed. with appeals to ignorant prejudice, can pletely tells the story of the Fuehrer, tieth century Italian he would do just Our readers are urged to help prevent people be got to perpetrate brutal vio- his social and economic background, as Mussolini does, and if Mussolini the passage of this one by sending pro- lence, not for themselves but for some with men and women, had been an eighteenth century Amer- tests to their Congressmen or to Repre- body else. ns, and his rise to power, ican he would have been another Jef- sentative Hatton W. Sumners, chair~ Strangest of all, Mr. Steinbeck seems as the few short chapters which open ferson. man of the House Judiciary Committee to admire and sympathize with these cope. Even if you have read There isn't much of what you might at Washington. fictional characters of his, these vigi- word in the daily press, you will call proof offered for this thesis, but very inte-like strikers and these Commun- find the well-ordered recapitulation of after all Mr. Pound probably feels it Among the winners of this year’s ts who advise the burning of enemies’ Fascism in action most interesting. to be a self-evident truth that requires Guggenheim Fellowships Fic is Tt is therefore to be regretted ‘And when it comes to violence, from rno proof once stated. The picture of pleased to see so many frequent con- that, whatever his intentions may have the Nazi conspiracy to destroy the the author of the Declaration of Inde tributors to its pages. James T. Far- been, his untrue picture has been of no Reichstag, to the murder of the op- pendence murdering Matteoti and rell, Isidor Schneider, Josephine Herbst, service to one of the most oppressed position faction within the ranks, to sending liberals to penal islands after and Kenneth Fearing have written for groups in America—the agricultural the present persecution of Jews, Cath- dosing them with castor oil will surely us, and now we are proud to have

workers of California olics, Freemasons, radicals, liberals, appeal to all Americans (especially known them when. —ELINore HENDERSON Socialists, Communists, and all other those who still live in America) as non-conforming groups, the record, as eminently just. Now is the time for George Seldes will require no intro completed by Mr. Gunther, is as re- some other good American to write a duction to the readers of last month's Record of Dictatorships volting as it is interesting. book to prove that Adolf Hitler is a Ficu, but it will bear repeating that Iysiwe Europe, by John Gunther; 470 Mr. Gunther, an experienced novel- reincarnation of St. Francis of Assisi he is the particular thorn in the flesh $3.50. ist, employs really brilliant narrative ‘The really funny portions of this ‘of Fascist dictators and hypocritical pages; Harper €& Brothers; in his Austrian section, when he tells book are those in which the author American newspaper publishers. After HE two best parts of this ex: the story of the German Nazi plot to loudly (in capital letters) accuses all a distinguished career as foreign corre- | ent book, which is a merry- seize Austria and murder the local anti-Fascists of knowing nothing about spondent, he has for the time being set- go-round of Europe written with dictator, Dollfuss. While every page tled down to the writing of books,

con- ntelligence and literary flavor, is exciting, there also emerges from —Dantet Brovse among which we can heartily recom= n Hitle-Germany and the the episode an indictment of the blood: mend the two most recent. Sawdust

the chap- putsch in Austria. Although thirstiness of the Nazis which the sim- Caesar is a biography of Mussolini, nothing on Mussolini contain ers ple facts proclaim. which in two years was turned down t was new for me, they have a con- After visiting all the Fascist dict Book Notes by some thirty publishers who confessed of sensational and siderable amount torships, as well as the democracies, ONG the twenty-five German themselves frankly afraid to touch it illuminating material which will in- of Europe, telling their recent history, exiles publicly deprived of their The Freedom of the Press is a merci- the average American with a short biogeaphy of every leader, citizenship by the Nazi govern- less exposure of the way in which the reader, In other words this apocryphal anecdotes, and samples of ment last month was Arnold Zweig, great American newspapers support the volume, which covers Britain and the the humor or irony of each land, Mr. famous author of the anti-war book The powers that be by suppressing or dis- Continent, is largely an exposure of Gunther concludes with chapters on Case of Sergeant Grischa. He was ac torting news favorable to labor, liberal- the bloody mess which Fascism has Soviet Russia cused of “belittling the spiritual and ism, and radicalism. Elinore Hender-

made of European politics, and the When readers have finished these ethical values of German culture.” His son has traveled through the farming growing danger of war. 470 pages, they will surely feel that newest book, Education Before Verdun, valleys of California as an official of Believing that personalities affect the this present-day history is honestly the Book-of-the-Month Club selection the Agricultural and Cannery Work- written, from the long point of view, for May, will be reviewed in these ers Industrial Union. She and that its very honesty, its impar- pages shortly. Eighteen of the twenty- tary of the union and very active dur- tiality, its objectivity make it an im: five thus made men without a country ing the famous strike in Seabrook, portant indictment of Fascism in its are authors or journalists N. J, and is now managing editor of whole spectrum of terroristic shirts the Rural Worker. Guy Endore is the Civilization is supposed to lead Representative Dobbins of Illinois is author of several biographies and towards the liberation of the human unwittingly bringing about a broad novels, among them Babouk, the story spirit. ‘The factual record of reac- united front among all the elements in of the leader of an uprising of, Negro tionary dictatorship proves that the the literary and publishing world. He slaves in eighteenth century Haiti Fascist direction is exactly ‘opposite. has introduced into Congress the Dob Mr. Endore is at present writing scen: Inside Europe is such a record. bins Post Office Bill (H. R. 9495) arios in Hollywood. Winifred Chap-

—Grorce SELDEs This bill would permit Postmaster pell is Secretary of the Methodist Fed- General Farley, who is very anxious to tration for Social Service, do it, to try the sender of an “obscene” Renegade American book not only in. the district from An unauthorized biography of which he sent it, but also in the district Hearst has been written by Ferdinand Jerrerson axv/or Mvssouint: to which it is sent. ‘The Post Office Lundberg and published by the Equi- LIIDEA STATALE: FASCISM AS I HAVE will then be able to pick and choose its nox Cooperative Press. We have been SEEN IT (VOLITIONIST ECONOMICS), by court for trial, and the more backward ooking forward impatiently to this vol- Ezra Pound; 128 pages; Liveright

and reactionary the district the better. ume (Imperial Hearst) and the next Publishing Co.; $2.00. What makes this bill especially danger- number of Front will cover it. We ZRA POUND is known to the ous is the fact that under the present Tike unauthorized biographies—esp

world as a very argumentative laws so-called seditious literature is also cially of William Randolph, and some- modernist poet who has stub- classed under “obscenity.” thing tells us that we are going to like bornly remained in voluntary exile Against this unwarranted extension this book. Our idea of a good time from America even after most of his of the Post Office's powers of censor- would be... if Mr. Hearst would fellow expatriates have finally returned ship. protests have already been made engage us to read this book aloud to John Gunther, euthor of Inside Europe home. So long has he worn a chip on by the National Publishers Association FIGHT, May 1936 1p

HE MANTLE of monopoly and millions of telephone users are in among 188 top officials, who, in add brokers are considering increasing this | has been resting rather uneasily the grip of this entrenched oligarchy. tion, received salaries totaling more spread to 5%. of late on the shoulders of the Even the 650,000 stockholders, who than $4,000,000. ‘The Commodity Research Bureau principal capitalists of America certainly have no reason to complain recently advised commodity gamblers Walter S. Gifford, who draws of Gifford’s generosity, would be hard A Bid for Support to watch for further war scares, crop down an annual salary of $206,000 as put to it to disturb this most undemo- scares, or inflationary scares as a source monarch of the American Telephone cratic machine which governs the tele- HE wooing of Wall of profit from speculation, While & Telegraph Company, has been dis- phone empire of America. Gifford and cal support has been given new im- thus waiting greedily for news of crop comfited in his role of public-spirited his group control the proxy machinery petus by the recently enacted regula- failure to gamble in the fruits of scar-

tions on stock margins issued by the industrial statesman by the disclosures for election of directors, and no group city, these perverse loaded-dice throw- al Reserve Board, now under of the Federal Communications Com- of shareholders could possibly. afford ers have had war scares to concentrate the control of the Roosevelt machine. mission's investigation into his organi- the tremendous cost of duplicating this The brokerage and gambling frater- ‘on. It has in fact been a fertile field zation. Confronted by A. T. & Ts controlling machinery. Incidentally, nity has from the start hotly opposed World consumption of copper, a depression record—a slash of $139,- this added expense is carried by the primary war material, reached 1,600,- 000,000, or 26%, in annual payrolls, already burdened telephone user, Roosevelt. In addition to the usual 300 tons in 1935, an increase of al- and of 124,000 or 32% in employ- well as by the stockholders. most 60% since 1932. ‘This inflated ment to permit the distribution of demand has brought about a corres- $167,000,000 in annual dividends—an General Motors’ Bonus Tripled ponding rise in price to 934-9% cents increase of $51,000,000 or 45% since RAL MOTORS, one of the a pound currently (further rise ex- 1929—Gifford’s astounding reply was main Liberty League supporters, pected daily) in New York from the hhad a case of the fidgets as a re- 1932 low of 5 cents. Arming for war sult of the growing outery against has been the major factor behind this monopoly. In his annual report, Al- complaints of other reactionary groups, increased use. The five largest mili- fred P. Sloan, Jr., president of this the Street has had a special grudge for taristic powers, aside from the United du Pont-controiled goliath, devoted stock market regulation. Although States, showed the following increases several pious pages to pleading with brokers’ profits have been tremendo in consumption of copper in the period industry to assume “added responsibili- ly expanded by the combination of ris- 1928-1935 as compared with the pre- that labor had benefited more from ies,” and a role of “enlightened indus- ing stock prices, increased trading, and ceding eight years: Great Britain, maintenance of the Tel & Tel divi- trial statesmanship” “to “attune its reduced wages, the volume, as com- 49.6%; France, 17.3%; Germany, dends than it would have if dividends thinking and its policies toward. ad- pared with the milk and honey days, 25.2% ; Italy, 41.1%; Japan, 15.0%. had been cut to sustain employment. has been restricted by the relatively vaneing the interest of the community ‘The United States lagged behind for a ‘The 124,000 A. T. & T. workers laid severe margin requirements, But now time, but in 1935 its copper consump- off since 1929 probably won't appreci- the Reserve Board has taken the lid off tion jumped 327% over 1934, the larg- ate that statement. A one-dollar cut and is permitting the return of the est gain of any’ of the world powers, in the A. T. & T. dividend rate per practice of pyramiding speculation that as compared with a rise of 15% for the A share would have kept 18,662 em- AW played so important a part in the 1929 rest of the world combined. Two of ployees at work at an average annual boom and its disastrous collapse. The the largest copper trusts, Anaconda ais ! brokers are delighted, and even if their wage of $1,000. and Phelps’ Dodge, have recently

‘And these policies of bolstering divi- pleasure does not undermine their op- boosted N.Y. prices to 9% cents a dends and profits at the expense of at large.” He maintained, however, position to Roosevelt, the political pound. Kennecott, their largest rival, workers and consumers are being con- that present Washington policies “have wiseacres on the Street are willing to persists in selling at 934 cents, having tinued during this so-called recovery definitely postponed recovery.” concede the value to him of a stock the advantage of “low-cost” (read: by this heavyweight corporation which Sloan is merely raising a smoke- market boom in a presidential election exploited labor) mines in Chile and controls close to 200 other companies screen to cover up General Motors’ Utah. of various kinds. In 1935, when total true position, as well as that of other More war “benefits”! Exports of revenues of the Bell System increased big corporations. ‘The facts are that Dog Eat Dog petroleum and products from the Uni- by $49,800,000 or 5.6% over the pre- “recovery” has been retarded only in- NO small pare of the large profits ted States to Italy in February were ceding year, profits rose by $21,700,000 sofar as payrolls are concerned and that being made by brokers comes five times larger than a year ago, and or 19%, almost half the gain in reve- ‘industrial statesmanship” has been from the practice of brokers’ borrow- amounted to $1,608,432. Shipments nue, a fact which indicated incidentally confined to multiplying profits. In ing from banks at 34 of 19% interest of iron and steel serap also were larger that labor cost has risen little if at all 1935, General Motors’ profits increased the millions of dollars required to —Japan has been a strong bidder for The fact of industrial autocracy is by $72,457,000 or 76% over the pre- finance stock market gambling, and serap iron in this country, and recently beautifully illustrated by American ceding year; its total payroll increased purchased 50,000 tons on the eastern Tel. & Tel. From his office, at 195 relending to their speculating custom- only $59,800,000 or 22%. Moreover, ers at 416%. It is now reported that seaboard. One local trader outbid Broadway, Gifford disposes over the the special bonuses paid to the GM the Japanese for 35,000 tons more from ‘most complete monopoly in the world, management were more than tripled, the Southern Railway—Germany. re- aided by a little clique of fellow-offi- increasing to $11,355,000 from $3, cently arranged the purchase of 25,000 cers and directors who share the pow 677,000 in 1934. OF these bonuses, tons of cocoa (chocolate for marching ‘of this $4,000,000,000 enterprise di- half were divided among 2,312 officials troops) and announced her intention vorced from any real outside control as contrasted to the 211,712 em- to buy 25,000 tons more if a satis- Three hundred thousand employees ployees. The other half was split factory barter deal could be arranged. 20 May 1936, FIGHT

OSSING their books wrathfully aggression. Because she cannot afford to be surrounded by America, Britain, aside, China’s students have taken to the fields and factories. Dis- and the USSR three years from now, gusted with the cowardice and corrup- ‘Japan now adopts a provocative attitude USSR.” tion of their government officials, the towards the students refuse to remain in their uni- Motives versity classrooms while chunk after From the foregoing it should be cle chunk is being carved out of their coun- that the articulate sections of China try. Their faith in the League of Na- know very well “what it’s all about.” tions has been shattered, their hope for ‘They know what the real intentions of aid from the American and European Tokyo finance capital are, and they governments has died, so the students know of the rivalries in China be- are again turning to the Chinese work- tycoons of Japan, tween the financial cers and farmers as the only forces capa- They ble of resisting the Japanese war- Great Britain, and America. know also what motivates imperialis makers. This student determination ‘of all. varieties of skin pigmentation. has swept the country like wildfire, so The Shanghai Shun Pao on February that both the Japanese militarists and 12 revealed this understanding very their bribed henchmen in Nanking are clearly worried. Even the Japanese-owned war, and the oc ‘The Ttalian-Abyssinian Shanghai Nippo had to admit (Febru- cupation of Chinese territory by Japan, are ary 15, 1936) : Kang-Teh, Manchukuoan puppet Emperor, reviews his troops Vivid proofs of the imperialist fight for the

Control of colonies, In addition to these two ‘The present movement of the students has imperialist counteies the Third Reich, which been. more organized than in the past days for the past years carried on a race for re and the students are attempt ‘armament, has become lately very active the workers of factories and 1 people China Digs In Hitler, the dictator of Germany, recently The student movement has been transformed in his speech to university students declared: from an unpatriotic movement of the youths “The European countries have the right to nt antiJapanese.a- The Far East approaches a showdown own colonies. Germany is. already very Strong. She needs no support of the League movement will turn into ana of Nations and she fears no treaties. Colo nies are occupied by force. White men are What fresh insults, added to the in- By Michael Pell esined to rule” This. statement reveals jury of the robbery of Manchuria, have clearly the real intention of Germany and the impelled the students to burst all reasons for her rearmament. bounds? It is only when the Chinese nation- inces, the Japanese authorities have de- Nor is this Japanese aggression con- alist and progressive elements turn their Provocations to develop the ‘Tsingtao port fined to North China. Gunboats and eyes to the anti-imperialist camps that cided Rising they see any hope or guidance. They One can point to innumerable prove: (Hwalien Agency, Tokyo, Feb. 1 destroyers flying the flag of the is the only The growing arrogance of 1936). Sun can now be seen patrolling the see that the Soviet Union By labelling some of these areas entire coast of Fukien, rich and strate- world power which refuses to take ad- fapanese police and military in the cities up pup- gic South China province. Recently an vantage of China’s helplessness, which and ports of China; the brazen smug- “qutonomous,” and by setting China the pet Chinese governors, the Tokyo “investigation” group headed by the actively champions the cause of gling of Japanese contraband across Swatow and the and other weak nations at Geneva. frontiers of China; the high-handed cen- schemers try to convince the outside Tapanese vice-consul of What is more, they see that the im- sorship which Japanese officials in Nan- world that the separation of these prov- manager of the Taiwan Bank in Amoy, are compelled to think twice perialists king impose on Chinese periodicals and inces is the result of some kind of “lib- with maps and cameras in their hand be- check-up by eration movement” of the populace it- made a “topographical study” of the when it comes to the Soviet Union text-books; the obnoxious scarehead ‘This followed hard on the heels cause of her economic and political ‘Japanese secret-service agents (stationed self. By inscribing in large strength in Nanking government offices) on letters the slogan “Anti-Red” on the of the visit to Swatow and Foochow, Chinese students wishing to go abroad banners of these autonomous regions, rich South Chinese trading centers, of An Appeal for Unity to study; the taunts in wide sections of the schemers hope to mollify the ap- ‘a squadron of Japanese destroyers for forces racial and of their western imperialist the purpose of “protecting Japanese na~ ‘Turning to the anti-imperialist the Japanese press about the prehensions China itself, the progressive stu- “inferiority” of the Chine rivals and the Chinese business men. tionals.” (The pretext was the death within cultural ‘of a Japanese policeman. When the dents and other honest groups see as these are some of the thorns. Another But no Chinese above the age of twelve cere and effective anti-imperialist strug: source of indignation is the systematic is fooled by such maneuvers. In the Chinese authorities sent two British and public press of Shanghai doctors to perform an autopsy, they gle being carried on under the inspira- stupefaction of millions of their coun- student tion of the Chinese revolutionists. “De- trymen by Japanese drug merchants Peiping, Tientsin, Nanking, Canton, were not permitted to. inspect repressions of radicals who, by fair means and foul, induct and other Chinese cities, there is open corpse.) spite the severe for these tricks, Thus, the by the Chiang Kai-shek government, wn the women and youths into the contempt Ore for War the recent appeals for unity from the habit of morphine, opium, heroin, or Hangchow Tung-Nan Jih Pao of Feb- reach state A. Japanese-financed company has workers and peasants manage to ruary 3, 1936, been formed to exploit the iron, man- the ears and eyes of the honest pro- (Of even more serious import to the Japan declaring that she isthe leader gressives. They reach the ears of the students and people of China is the of the anti-Soviet front in the Far East is ganese, and lead deposits in Kwangsi, trying to obtain favorable sympathy from South China. The ores will be sent ‘Kuomintang troops, too, as witness the alarming plunder of Chinese territory, American and European countries and to to Formosa for refining purposes, thus numerous recent desertions of Nanking the trade, and populace. The rich north- climinate the cnvy of the other powers auxiliary source soldiers to the camp of the revolution- provinces of Hopei, Chahar, Shansi, established dominating providing a valuable ern towards her already for the Japanese mu- Suiyuan, and Shantung, with a total position in the Far East. But the USSR Is of the is trying to expose the intrigues of the ‘The militant demonstrations one million square mi area of over daily, Chiu Kuo Jih students, the restlessness among the city and a population of some ninety mil- gressor and to call the attention of The Nanking peasants, the defections of seized by Nip- to the crisis of peace. Pao, in its issue of February 6, 1936, workers and lions, have already been China newspaper, the points out in this connection that “the officers and men in the Nanking and these encroachments are Another inland pon. That strikes in Japa- armies, the be seen from the Hankow Ta Tung Jik Pao, warns: ‘American naval plan will not be com- war-lord ot temporary can and the Singapore nese-owned factories in Shanghai—these ‘Tapanese preparations to erect perma “Japan is occupying Chinese territory pleted for three years indications of “For the under the smokescreen of an anti-So- naval base of Great Britain will not be are all direct and indirect nent fortifications there. She is taking North ready for three years. This enables the turmoil in the Far East. purpose of controlling the commerce viet campaign. plans of China is again beginning to move! and trade of the five North China prov- China and Inner Mongolia.” Japan to speed up her present 24 FIGHT, May 1936

The Nazi Inferiority Complex

Why this show of superiority on the part of Hitler towards all so-called non-Aryans? The author examines the Fascist mind and also explains why the people of the United States have the “good fortune not to be able to call themselves a race” By Dr. George A. Coe ILLUSTRATED BY HARRY GOTTLIEB

HEN you encounter a very of being above the shallowness of such against their own doubts, or else to jus- healthy-mindedness. This something. conceited child, it is safe to society. If a competitor is too smart tify themselves in doing Something that more is the “poison in the cup.” guess that he has an inner for you, perhaps you can assign him to ordinary standards condemn, Like Mussolini, Hitler came to the sense of deficiency; when you meet a an inferior race. In myriads of cases rescue of an incompetent and besotted very self-assertive one, look for an un- an attitude of superiority is merely the The Poison in the Cup profit system by endowing it with the derlying timidity. For the sense of outside of an inferiority complex In the case of Germany this self- coercive power of the State. This re- superiority and the overbearing conduct bolstering is unmistakable. But it con- aquired the economic regimentation of are probably ways in which the child The Fascist Mind tains two different elements. The first the entire populace, and regimentation, conceals from both himself and others Nothing is more characteristic of is recovery from feelings of abasement in turn, required the guidance of minds

a gnawing sense of his own inadequacy. Fascist mentality than exalted claims to caused by defeat in the World War as well as the free use of clubs, rif se are examples of what psycholo- inherent superiority even in the absence and by the humiliating and lying con- and concentration camps. Hitler of superior achievement. Mussolini mplexes, ists call “inferiority There ditions imposed by the Treaty of Ver- ‘upon an effective scheme for becoming are numberless ways of compensating feeds himself and his Italians upon the sailles. A smarting and resentful na- dictator of thoughts. They were to be for a weakness by putting on a show fattening notion that they have in- tional consciousness was inevitable, for controlled through emotions, and emo- of strength. If you lack the muscles or herited the virtues of the ancient Ro- the self-respect to which any people is tions were to be guided by inf mans; Hitler assures his dejected Ger- the grit for athlet contests you may entitled had been wantonly and cruelly existing likes and dislikes at the compensate by affecting to despise mere mans that they belong to a distinct invaded. ‘The popular influence of Hit time—specifically, by intensifying popu physical prowess. If there is a social and glorious race of mortals; our ler rests partly upon the fact that he lar self-esteem to the utmost, and by set that you would like to break into American Fascist, Dennis, would con- nursed this wounded self-respect back keeping it in a fighting mood where but cannot, perhaps you put on the air centrate the powers of government in to a reassertion of itself by denouncing fighting was safe. ‘Then, by represent- a coterie of gifted individuals like him- the Treaty of Versailles and by refus- ing the policies of the new Fascist state self; even the unthinking Fascism of ing to be held in the economic slavery as the fulfillment of these passionate vigilantes, lawless police, “shirt” or- imposed by reparations. But we wit- autitudes, the people could be kept in ganizations, and Ku Kluxers includes a ness in Germany not merely restored line. Two tools adapted to such 2 pol- self-conceit that never meets opponents self-respect but also blustering intoler- icy were already at hand. One such squarely, man to man, but seeks to ance, which cannot be regarded as a tool was the old anti-Semitism, now crush them as inferiors. These are necessary part of the rebirth of a tensified by sharpened competition signs, not of actual superiority, not of nation’s hope act is, rather, that time of deep depression. The other minds that are self-possessed, but. of Hitler was engaged in doing something tool was a notion that had been fioat- minds struggling to reassure themselves more than restoring the conditions of ing around for some years to the effect We have a society of highly complex hybrids. Many races have

May 1936, FIGHT

General of way. They measure many bodily With exception of these few, every that Aryans, and especially North Euro- addressed to the Secretary this peans, are the best-blooded stock on the League of Nations (printed in full traits, give mental tests, study the per- member of Race A can be matched by earth. This theory became an official in the Christian Century, January 15, formance of individuals under varying ‘a member of Race B. Moreover, since dogma of the Fascist government. ‘To 1936, Part II) conditions, and seek to determine (ex- Race B produces some individuals at deny the dogma disloyalty; to Why must the government of Ger- perimentally and otherwise), along or very near the top of the scale, almost teach it in the schools and the universi- whole legal, educational, with biologists, what details can be ac- every individual of Race A is excelled counted f reditary. by some individuals of Race B! This force behind the theory ties was a patriotic duty; to find evi- and military dence in support of it was the official of Aryan superiority? Because the gives a comical aspect to pride of race. function of researchers in anthropology. theory is unable to stand upon its own Mental Tests Tmagine a commonplace, prosy Cauca: To a people galled by contempt from its legs. If the evidence for it were ade- At our own doors we have an ex ian attempting to look down upon a victorious enemies the government re- quate, men of science would make it cellent specimen of some of these pro: Negro poet! iterated by a thousand voices day in prevail by evidence, just as the theory lures and of the kind of conclusion day out, “You are inherently, by nature of evolution has been made to prevail. towards which they tend. It has been False Pride

superior to those who despise you. You In America the experts in anthropology found that American Negroes, on the ‘The fact is that race prejudice is a on mental tests than method whereby commonplace men con- are creators, they are imitators. From and psychology are not under govern- whole, stand lower you flows all that is best in civilization. mental pressure. What do they tell do American Caucasians. But Negroes eal their deficiencies from themselves ‘The best that is in the blood of your tus about the Aryan question? They say in northern cities excel southern Ne and others by attributing to themselves detractors is a partial infusion by race that the term “Aryan” designates in groes and even some southern white the supposed greatness of their race. the first instance a group of cognate stocks. One might guess that the Pride of race contains a lurking sense mixture of what you have in relative of inferiority. “There is a second factor purity.” languages. Whether there is a distinct superiority of northern Negroes is due Aryan “race” at all has been a debated to the fact that it is the Negroes with associated with this in Fascism. If you An Old Device question, and the original habitat of native gumption who migrate to the want to be utterly partisan, or to do a But here in Germany itself was a this race, if it ever existed, has been a north. But our men of science have re- cruel deed, without, se condemnation, multitude of Jews with whom the matter of dispute. It is hard to bring fused to rest in any such guess. Instead what do you do? You fix your atten- North European stock was intermarry- “the Aryan question” down to the they have studied the changes in Negro tion upon some big general idea, or ing. In one of the larger cities of the ground, moreover, because the notion children under northern conditions. It upon some cause that is in good repute whites and you identify yourself with it. In country there had been a time when of “‘race” is a difficult one to apply is found not only that when every fifth marriage among the Jews when you come to details. For, with and blacks receive the same schooling this way you make yourself believe that the possible exception of some geograph- the distance between their scores grows you are not despicable though your was a marriage with a Gentile, More- deeds are, nd you laim association over, Jews and part-Jews were promi- ically isolated and backward peoples, Tess, but also that the longer the black there are no pure races. Wherever children are exposed to these condi: with the great and the good. Kluxers nent and numerous in the professions hug and kiss the idea of Americanism and even in the government service; peoples mingle, as in commerce, the tions, the more closely they approximate they were influential in banking, com- blood becomes mixed—sex attraction the achievement of white children of when they are in the very act of flout- merce, and retail trade. Competition sees to it. Consequently, nobody in Ger= the same age. It is a fair inference that ing the constitution and setting at with them was intolerable. Hence, many ot any other civilized country lack of opportunity and meagerness of naught the rudimentary rules of civil “Away with the Jews!” This ery ap- can prove that he is not a hybrid. environment are the main reasons for ized conduct. Police and company pealed to economic self-interest and Moreover, there is some evidence that the existing disparity, and there is thugs, though they engage in lawless to improve reason here for believing that in. pro- violence, identify themselves with the also to the passionate desire to be crossing of strains tends somebody in the world. By providing stocks, and there is no evidence that portion as Negroes obtain an industrial civie virtue of defending us from our at one’s very door an enemy to be crossing of races produces a contrary status equal to that of Caucasians, ‘enemies—the peace officers of one state dwellings as good, and equal access to ‘engage in what they call resisting un- fought—one that could not fight back effect. The remaining question is: al stocks, such as they are, be c cultural privileges, the now perceptible activities. capitalist

FIGHT, May 1936 23

take a burden which rightfully belongs alties were levied against the workers to the landlord, and put it on their own because they undertook to:create a boy- shoulders. I have run into a good many cott against the manufacturers who tenants and seen their letters in news- they thought were unfair. Walter Papers—tenants who say that they Gordon Merritt found that by legal thoroughly believe in higher wages and acumen it would be possible even to shorter hours for elevator operators, take away the homes of the hatters, to but that there shouldn’t be any union. leave them stripped and bare, becaus: The New York Times said on two or of their temerity in daring to fight three occasions that the community against their employers. I believe the should take care of these social in: American Federation of Labor even- iquities. The only trouble with that ally did raise the money to save th How a Committee Works is now an established fact that the Liberty League, D.A.R., P.O.S. of A is that neither the Times nor anybody homes. But Walter Gordon Merritt Our membership doesn’t indicate the and other organizations of that ilk are else has made any sane and specific sug- was minded actually to reduce Ameri interest aroused. We have more people gestion as to just how the community aiding in this campaign of deportation can working men to beggary and pov- coming to meetings each week; some is going to get to work to correct never attended a liberal meeting before. of the foreign born. erty because they refused to function as Although there is no branch of the Surely the tenant who says, serfs in the industrial scheme. Naturally they haven't joined until there, my poor man, I symy they know more about the League, etc League in Wilmington, the Commun- ist Party and the Socialist Party are thize with you. I realize that you are No Restrictions sn many of the old-timers are hard making energetic efforts to combat thi being exploited” has done very little to And the Realty Advisory Board, attack on the foreign born. ‘They are correct the situation. I don’t see how directed by Walter Gordon Merrit, enlisting the support of other organi: any change can be made except through has the audacity to say that unioniza- tions in the battle for equal rights for the organization of the workers tion is un-American, ‘The union shop all Americans, has existed in this country for half a A Very Capable Lawyer century. It exists in many fields with If the coming issue of FicuT has If this organization also inspires ten- which you are familiar, ‘The theater not gone to press, then we would be ants to organize for their own rights, is a closed shop. All the actors be- thankful if you make comments in re- my answer to that is “Fine and dandy!” long to Actors’ pressed. Coal prices are so high, etc gard to this leaflet in your magazine. Equity, which is afili- Lzona Spat, Wilmington, Del. T feel that if tenants organize, they will ated with the American Federation of But the people are working hard, learn that on the whole their interests Labor. So do the stage hands and so two Negroes especially. If our meet- How to Stop a Fascist Picture lie with the workers and not with the do the electricians, and so do the mu- ing is a financial success, we shall pre- ‘Tuts is how we stopped the La landlords. If there had been a wide- sicians. And for that matter, the sent membership to some who cannot Italia (a Fascist picture). As soon as spread and efficent organization of dramatists themselves have a closed afford it. we saw handbills advertising that La tenants right now, the obvious thing for shop, and a very tight one. If you We are working in the Unions and Italia was to be shown at the Rock- them to have done would have been to want to have a play produced on Broad- the Y.M. C. A. And have made a springs High School, we called it to go out on strike with the elevator men way, you must join the Dramatists’ certain progress. Tam to speal the attention of our president of the against the lockout. Surely the land- Guild. Nevertheless, though there is ary 19 at the Tri-City Labor A.L.A.W.F. who happens to be a local lord is doing the tenant no favor if the union shop, the theater in America Perhaps I told you before: Fic he brings into the building hired has proceeded more smoothly and more is on the magazine racks of the Daven- minister. We suggested to him to meet thugs with criminal records. I am all prosperously port Library. And all the League ‘one of the School Board and show him than the real estate busi- for giving a man out of jail a chance ness. I must say that if the union shop pamphlets are in its Reference Depart- to start over again. But surely the is good enough for Katharine Cornell ment—Jack Kinuiax, Jr, Daven- best place for him to start is not as an and Ina Claire, I see no reason why it port, Towa, employee in a building where robbery shouldn't be good enough for Bing & and theft are too easy. It isn't fair Bing. When Toscanini leads a sym- On Last Month's Movie Article to the tenant. It’s hardly fair to the phony orchestra, he is part of a union Ricuarp Warts, JR., in declaring that excoffender himself, and I am afraid I shop. ‘The musicians of the symphony genuine anti-war films are not being 1 too charitable to many are all organized. Well, if the union produced in Hollywood partly because what effect the picture would have on ikers. when I mention the hop is good enough for Toscanini, it of the producers’ fear that they would the children and he did s As a matter of fact, in my opin- ht even be good enough for Fred not be popular, is overlooking the true ‘The School Board was called to a jon, the strikebreaker is an anti-social F, French, special meeting, which was attended by person from the moment he steps into But even more powerful than Walter The film industry, since it is a a representative of our League, They another man’s job. He has, I think, Gordon Merritt is a man named Wil- capitalist enterprise, is concerned, true decided that all posters would be taken stolen another man’s job and that liam Randolph Hearst. Mr, Hearst enough, with profits but, therefore, down and no picture would be shown seems to me the meanest kind of thiev- carrying this to its logical conclusion, in Rocksprings. The Fascists had to is a real estate man, a big real estate ery. I don't see why a man who steals man. But he is also a big newspaper fundamentally interested in pre- go thirty miles out of town to show another's job is likely to hesitate at a and magazine publisher. He has vast serving the status quo which makes their picture—S. L., Rocksprings, ring or a necklace, mining interests. Indeed, he is one of these profits possible and if necessary N.Y. Now where did the leadership lie the largest capitalists in the country in the furthering of Fascism. Red in the effort to break the organiza- Mr. Hearst fought the elevator strike Salute, Riffraff, Fighting Youth, bear tion of the Building Service Employee bitterly in his papers from the begin- witness to this trend. Sinclair Lewis’ As Labor Goes One of the leaders was Walter Gordon ning, Mr. Hearst fought the Newspa- It Can't Happen Here was a tremend- (Continued from page 15) Merritt. Mr. Merritt is a very capa- per Guild in his Wisconsin News, a ously popular success and, unquestion- esting situation in the strike and lock- ble lawyer. He has specialized in work Milwaukee newspaper. Mr. ably, its film version would likewise out of the Building Service Employees Hearst's be so. Hollywood, against labor movements. I have no representatives in Milwaukee say that however, frowned Everybody admits that the hours and reason to doubt his sincerity. I might he will never consent to allow news- upon its production not because of the the wages of elevator operators are bad. even go so far as to say that he is a papermen to organize. Mr. Hearst fear that it would be unprofitable but With few exceptions, the men work fanatic on the subject of the rights of has fought every sort of bill in Con- because of its anti-Fascist theme — Jong hours for very low pay. Even the employer as against the rights of the gress or in state legislatures which Beer SHaw, Jamaica, N. Y. those tenants who bridle at the thought worker, He was, in the later stages of would attempt to regulate minimum of a union, more or less give away the litigation, one of the chief movers wages or In du Pont’s State their case by insisting on how generous shorten the hours of work. of the famous Danbury Hatters’ case. His policy has been one of rugged in- Enctosep you will find a sample of they have been in the matter of tipping. This was a case in which the employ- dividualism. No restriction whatso- the type of nefarious propaganda which When you begin to tip a worker, you ers managed to get decisions in the ever should be put on the business man. is being disseminated by the future are admitting that his scale of pay is all state of Connecticut punitive to the When the business man is good and

Fascists in du Pont’s Wilmington. It wrong. And the tippers are those who Hatters’ Union. In fact, the vast pen- ready, he may allow some part of his 24 May 1936, FIGHT

profits to trickle down to labor. Well, Necbe, Schwab, and Fielden, if that isn't Fascism, what is Fascism ruined himself politically by doing so. Ie is interesting to note that, at the Half Slave and Half Free dedication of the monument to the Tr is time now for all those who be- police victims of the Haymarket ex- lieve in the preservation of democracy plosion, the politician who officiated to fight on the side of trade unionism said: “If a government by the people and the labor movement. You cannot is not sufficiently strong and vital to have a world half slave and half free. preserve the public order, to protect ‘The employee who is denied the right human life, and to assure to its sub- of organization becomes no more than jects the safe possession of their own, a pawn. He is not a free agent in a a strong central government will neces- democracy. He may even be pushed sarily be established.” These words about as to the manner in which he have the authentic ring of Fascism. should vote. If the structure of labor he struggle for the eight-hour day organization in this country goes, I continued, In December 1888, the A.

F. of L. proclaimed think American democracy will go with strike to take place on May Ist, 1890; and on July 14th, 1889, which was the hundredth anniversary of the fall of Haymarket the Bastille, the leaders of International

(Continued from page 17) abor assembled in Paris, and formed penalty of death because they have the Second International. This. body dared to tell the truth—and I defy-you called for an international strike to to tell us where we have told a li demand the eight-hour day, and as the Opposing war appropriations on behalf of the "People's Mandate,” which has already I say, if death is the penalty for pro- A. F, of L. had already set its date, the been signed by over a million foes of war. Left to right: Representatives Henry C. claiming the truth, then I will proudly International chose May Ist, 1890, as Luckey (Nebraska), Knute Hill (Washington), and Caroline O'Day (New York), Miss and defiantly pay the costly price!” the day on which the workers of the Anne Martin, Colorado, a member of the committee of the "People's Mandate.” end ‘The Chicago upper class heaved a world should demonstrate, On. that Representative Fred Bierman (Lowa) sigh of relief, and the elated Chicago day accordingly the first international

Tribune proposed that $100,000 should May Day was celebrated, and soon its through inexperience, timidity, com- hundred and fifty “extras” at Colonial pany-collusion, or internal bureaucracy, 4 and won the election for the Brother- be subseribed and presented to. the object was enlarged to express labor's jury for having done their duty. Short demand not only for an eight-hour day, the principle of bona-fide unionism is a hood by four votes, counting the bal- of donating the money itself no patriotic but for better conditions generally, un- religion in the coal fields lots of six women office workers. Armed newspaper could have done more. til today May Day symbolizes the de- company “police” loitered near the vot- An appeal followed, in which Lin- mand of the working class and their Reborn ing booths coln’s old associate ‘Leonard Swett allies everywhere for emancipation from Faced with an employee election, the Even under such circumstances the argued for the appellants; and when the serfdom of economic insecurity, for corporation denied the validity of the United Mine Workers managed to car . ‘on September 20th, 1887, the appeal peace and against Fascism, election and participated in the vote. As ry five of Frick’s fourteen mines, Re- | soon as its men had been herded back born, the United Mine Workers, after was duly dismissed, recourse was taken

into the mines, the Frick official as- 44 years of non-unionism, set out to to the United States Supreme Court ‘That august body refused to intervene Prick’s Millions serted that union recognition would not match its strength against H.C. Frick’s. even as it refused forty years later to (Continued from pege 7) be the issue of the election! An attor | intervene in the cause of Sacco and Down in Fayette County, at the ney for the Jones & Laughlin Steel The Name of Frick Vanzetti of U. S. Steel’s coke fields in the Corporation told the press that. the Frick’s shadow had not lifted over Meanwhile American justice was be- North, the Employee Representation NRA poll in the captive n Fayette County: After dominating the

Plan emerged under the euphemistic far from electing the Unit union election and denying their valid ginning its historic function of provid- ity in advance, the Frick Co. ignored ing a subject for European agitation. title “Phe Miners’ Independent Broth- Workers for repr erhood.” Preferring a union of their the King of Engl: the election results. And where the Bernard Shaw circulated a petition for reprieve, and William Morris in writ- own, 20,000 Frick miners struck to the knife on both edges, the Frick Co. United Mine Workers lost out in 1933 compel the H. C, Frick Co. to recog- fostered and pushed the Miners’ at Gates, Colonial 3, Colonial 4, ing to Robert Browning for his signa- ture, remarked that the conviction of nize the United Mine Workers of Independent Brotherhood. First, the Edenborn, Lekrone 5, and Ronco— the labor men was but an incident in America, which John L. Lewis was re- bosses split their men against them- their pit committees cannot so much as

building. Martin Ryan, the outstand- They buttonholed their submis- walk into a Frick office as a body. The the class struggle, “and I hope you will United Mine Workers does not exist agree that the victors in the struggle ing labor leader in the Pennsylva ive workers, either openly or subtly. coke country, was the brains of the hen they padded the payroll. They in the minority mines. need not put to death the prisoners of At their five majority mines, United war they took.” “wildcat” strike. The Frick “police” added hundreds of names to th at Gates shot fourteen miners on the roster of supposed mine workers. The Mine Workers are given the run ‘On November 10th, 1887, the sen- tence on Fielden and Schwab was com- picket line the first day. Despite the non-miners. who were given voting around, Unresolved labor disputes, ac- muted to life imprisonment. ‘The same strike-breaking. team-work of the pri- cards included bookkeepers, _scrub- cording to contract, must be peddled day Ling committed suicide. Parsons, e deputies, the state police, the local women, company-store employees, from one’s immediate superior to. the quoting Patrick Henry, refused to ask s, the Frick management, Donald truck drivers from West Virginia deliv- assistant mine foreman, thence to the hands, mine foreman, to the general superin- for mercy. Spies begged Governor General Johnson, and their ig timber to the mines, extra Oglesby to spare the lives of his com- als, the rank and file picketed and high-school boys. At the Footdale tendent, to the union pit committee, to rades, and appease public wrath by ick’s mines for nine weeks straight. mine an outside boss was listed as an the district office of the UMWA, to the

executing him alone, but the Governor ‘Then President Roosevelt stepped in. clectrician, a fire boss as a timberman. company’s general headquarters, and had a prosaic mind, and on November He promised a government-supervised deputy sheriff at Smock put on a pair finally to a district labor board. In election at each captive mine. ‘The of “muckers”—the clothes a miner goes the coke region, grievances “fade out” ith Fischer, Engel, Spies, and Par- sons were hanged. Frick Co, agreed to put the union issue to work in, Filbert’s superintendent when they reach the higher courts of to an employee vote in December 1933. tried to pass his own son. ‘The man- appeal. After a spell the source of The Birth of May Day Confident of their numerical superiority agement at Maxwell hid its fire bosses irritation reappears. A mine offic On June 26th, 1893, Governor John over the Miners’ Independent Brother- in the basement of the school house cently snapped at the president of a Altgeld, insisting that the Haymarket hood, the strikers went back to work. where the ballots were being counted. UMWA local: “Frick will never rec-

explosion was a deed of personal ven; Their stubbornness confirmed what They were to vote if the UMWA chal- ognize your union. When it does it ance on the police by an unknown rel Frick never understood, that to what lengers left their posts. Martin Ryan won't run under the name of ‘Frick.’ tive of one of their victims, pardoned ever depths official unionism may sink estimates that the office took on one ‘The miner reported the incident with FIGHT, May 1936 25

the droll comment: “Well, I'm not par= levied on each United Mine Worker! miners were shot down at Gates in the Union Supply Co. ‘This ticular what name it runs under.” Colonial + has no checkweighman at 1933, a Pittsburgh newspaper man name of Frick’s chain store. The as saying they wei miners submit to the Union Supply Co. Like the European monarch who all. Martin Ryan worked at Colonial quoted the deputies made a habit of playing sick and an- 4 The special retribution illustrates “waiting for the fun to start.” and its stiff prices because their pay checks are wiped out by back debts to the point that U. S. Steel in teaching strikers testified that the nouncing his retirement from office better to sce who his enemies were and the workers, d la Frick, “a lesson they perintendent ordered his private guards the H. C. Frick Co. ‘The company who needed beheading, the Frick Co. will never for varies its lessons to ‘let ‘em have it.” Perhaps R. B. takes a check-off from every pay e Mellon was reading from Frick’s will velope—for back rent, old store bills, made excellent use of the 193 elections. according to the pupil. when he stated to a Senate Committee house coal, work materials, and the At the government polls the sheep were Whispers Only in a Frick Camp check-off for the company doctor. For that “You couldn't run a coal mine put in one pen and the goats in another. instance, on July 1, 1935, one Frick its quota of sheep “Frick has been under the gun for without machine guns”—in any case the U. S. Steel doubled and butchered the goats. The goats forty years,” the saying goes in western Federal law enacted under Roosevelt's employee drew fifty cents in cash from wore the union label. Pennsylvania. Governor Pinchot’s administration specifically permits steel a pay envelope of fifty dollars. The hirty-five local leaders of the Uni- Commission on Special Policing in In- and coal companies to own machine company took $49.50. ted Mine Workers fired at dustry discovered that in 1934 Fayette A sagacious miner who has cut coal Smock, seventy at Footdale, ten at Ron- County—U. 8. Steel—had ‘“‘more com- Frick’s towns are petty feudal states for Frick for fifteen years says: “They co, and one hundred and eighty at Co- pany deputies in the soft coal industry The houses, the stores, the streets— pay us on the same basis as a pit mule.” lonial 4. Martin Ryan was let out ‘at the rest of the state put to- and the local police—are U. S. Steel's When of necessity miners are living on

Colonial 4 because, in the opinion of “We believe,” the commis- exclusive property. Union men and a subsistence margin, they get squeezed , “that the constant pres Brotherhood men pass one another on by the company store in strike tin fone company official, “Martin is too straight for the Frick Co.” Maxwell of uniformed police officers, who are the street without lifting their eyes or Once a certain Frick store manage and Edenborn were closed down for a paid and directed by the employers, is a saying a word. The Brotherhood men arranged a picnic for his office help. He spell in September 1934. A hundred source of intense irritation to the miners are afraid of their shadows and, at gave a handout of leftover sandwiches leading UMWA men at Maxwell, and and leads to violence.” Labor disturb- heart, ashamed of their class betrayal. to some miners out on picket duty. He Wasn't it U. S. Steel’s predecessor, An- lost his job. sixty at Edenborn, were told their ances around the coal mines—clubbing, places were “all filled up” after the shootin assing, dynami g, and burn- drew Carnegie, who said it was an “‘un- In open meeting, Tom Moses scoff shut-down, ing of KKK crosses—are, in most cases, written Jaw” that “Thou shalt not take at Governor Earle’s relief proposals From 1933 on, two hundred non- the handiwork of deputy sheriffs and thy neighbor’s job”? A harassed Uni- “The present credit system,” he em company men: ted Mine Worker describes the Frick phatically protested, ‘tis the best one union men have been newly hired at In the past two years the homes of spy system as follows: “It wouldn't that can be devised. No improvement Maxwell, four to five hundred at Smock, fifty at Filbert, three to four seven United Mine Workers at Ede be so bad if it was like two armies could be made on immediate past pra

hhundred at Colonial 4, and one hundred born have been riddled by sniper fightin’ it out in the open, but you're tices. There has never been anyone at Edenborn, “They're thinning us out ing down from the back hills at night fightin’ the invisible.” You only whis- starved in the coke region.” (Has Mr. all right,” one of Frick’s victims lamen- Union men have their houses stoned, per in a Frick camp. , Moses heard of the Allegheny Valley their back porches blown off, shot guns Living in Frick’s ugly school house miner whose wife had just had a baby ted a week or two ago. “Them Broth- fired through Night —the cheap company shanties that the when the company he works for put erhood men,” another Frick miner re- lates, “they're worked over by the de lers in auto caravans sweep in and out miners call Sears, Roebuck houses hhim through the 100% check-off? tective service before they even apply of company When fourteen Frick’s miners are compelled to buy at Whereupon the man went out of his for the job.” Frick applicants are head and smashed up the show cases grilled in the employment office. “Do in the company store with a case of you belong to the United Mine Work- pop bottles?) 2” “So you're John Slonimsky’s kid! GENERAL D’SORDER By Mackey The Tombstone Sorry, we can’t do anything for you.” Fundamentally, no labor union in “We may be able to find place for America seems strong enough to take your boy if you take out a Brotherhood the field alone against the United card. States Steel Corporation. Had Lewis Daily instruction in paternalism is im- insisted in 1922 and, again, in 1933. parted down in the shaft. United Mine that no union contracts would be signed Workers are given the worst working until the steel firms recognized his

places. The “real” union men are de union, he might have lost the 500,000 moted and denied promotion. They men he controls today in the most po often end up on the rock pile, loading erful labor unit in the country slate at the lowest wage in the mine. Unofficially Brotherhood miners, $250,000 roll into the national treasury every month in union dues. Lewis has are given extra turns on the layoff days. just collected a special assessment of At Colonial 3 the United’ Mine Work- $800,000. If he carries out his campaign separate section crs are segregated to bring about the organization of the of To knock off union griev- mass _ind ies—steel, auto, rubber, ances the bosses at Edenborn have cement, aluminum—he may yet carry paired off UMWA men and members the fight to U.S. Steel. He has formed of the company union job for job. the Committee on Industrial Organi Before the advent of scales and union

tion. He has the war chest. He has the checkweighmen “Frick took coal off brains. He has the opening. He has the the men” constantly. Short weighing labor connections. His miners seem to at the tipple is a universal company have more spirit than almost any other practice. With an ingenious joker of large group of workers in the country its own, the Frick Co. in 193 Frick “raught the workers a lesson they ceded a union weighman at each of its will never forget”—in a sense he didn't pits; but only United Mine Workers mean. They will play for bigger stakes in to pay the checkweighman’s if and when Lewis says the word. wages. At Ronco, fifty United Mine But until that plan materializes, the Workers pay their man to checkweigh twenty thousand Fayette their own tonnage and the tonnage of County will remain in H. C. Frick’s two hundred and fifty company men. vise. Frick’sshrine—Frick’s tomb- An cight- to ten-dollar monthly tax “Why, if it wasn't for us generals there wouldn't be any Decoration Day” stone—still towers over the coke region.

May 1936, FIGHT

B willing Whe oe = A United Movement in Common Resistance to War and Fascism By Paul Reid

PENNSYLVANIA—With the help Chorlton. On March th a party number of League meetings on the formed and armed groups of young west coast during the last week of of a new organization secretary, Phila- was held as a part of the drive for new people under the leadership of veterans’ April. A campaign to stop shipments organizations who were drilling, parad- delphia is now extending the League members. Dr, Emma Schrieber ad- into new communities. Five branches dressed the March 27th Branch me ‘of munitions by appeal to workers in ing, and receiving training and edu are active. Recently arrangements were ing on the subject “Women and War. the Bay region is being pressed tion of a definite militaristic nature. made for 13 broadcasts over Patterson had Frank Palmer, editor of ‘The group marched into a high school WIP. The first one was presented the People’s Press, as a speaker for a NEW YORK—When it was learned gymnasium flourishing rifles with the League meeting on March 27th, and that the Friends of New Germany intention of offering protection. A fake has secured Francis Gorman of the letter had brought them to this place planned to hold a ‘Nazi convention” in United Textile Workers for a subse- Buffalo recently our League members ‘The community has been aroused at

quent meeting. in that city organized a broad commit: this incident and is actively opposing tee to protest this anti-labor gathering this militarization of youth. New York CALIFORNIA—During a meeting ‘The convention was first postponed and Cits—Action by Borough President held in West Oakland the East Bay then finally held at the Hotel Statler. Harvey of Queens in denying the ap- committee of the League dramatized A delegation protested to the German plication of the Jamaica Branch of the Monday, March 23rd, from 10:30 to Dr. Ward's article on Ethiopia printed Consul while other anti-Fascists pick- League for the use of the town hall on 10:45 P, M., and the others will fol- eted the building. The American Nazis April 15th brought a strong. protest low on alternate weeks. Pittsburgh in the February Fic. Four char- from the local Branch and from the has organized a Peace Essay Contest acters represented the definite historical Central Council of the League. A com periods while a fifth spoke as the vo with $50 as the first prize. ‘The Pitts- of the League. The League here has mittee of prominent clergymen, public burgh Press is cooperating. A local circulated 10,000 leaflets protesting the figures, and League leaders called upon petition is being circulated protesting local fingerprinting law. Palo Alto— Mr. Harvey and protested his action the rule of the school board whereby Here in the home of ex-President Her- and charges against the League. Per- the use of public schools is barred to bert Hoover, the Board of Education mission to use the hall was granted. A certain organizations. ‘The League is hhas denied the use of a public school large anti-war meeting was held in also organizing a drive against Hearst finally took their convention to a pri New York City at the Central! Opera Recent affiliations include: — Social building to the local Branch of the vate home. Syracuse had the Reverend House on April the 13th. ‘The speakers

Workers’ Association, New America, League, At an open meeting of the Herman Reissig, secretary of the Na- were John P. Davis, secretary of the and the New Theater Group. A goal Board the denial was backed by a mem- tional Religious Committee of the National Negro Congress; John Nel- ‘of 200 new members by June Ist has ber of the Reserve Officers’ Association. son, Vice-President of Bricklayers’ The League's application League, for their spe: meeting been set and a campaign for subse ported in the community by a trade on March 25th. The Branch is being Union No. 34; Dr. Hansu Chan, edi- tions for Fic? is getting under way. union leader, two Stanford University extended in this community to include tor, China Today; Rev. Archie D. professors, and an Episcopal minister. students of the nearby university and Ball, outstanding Methodist. min ter NEW JERSEY—"Christianity and additional townspeople. A Branch of of Englewood, New Jersey; and Willis A storm of protest has b aroused Judaism Against War and Fascism” by this denial of free speech and free the League is being organized at Morgan, President of the City Projects was the theme of a recent meeting held assembly in the public school. San The Branch at Albany. arrang Council. Petitions against gag legsla- by the Englewood branch of: the unique meeting on the subject of the tion bearing over 7,000 signatures have League. The Reverend Kenneth Francisco entertained C Fang. Nye Munitions Investigation. A brief been sent to Washington by the New Kingston, of Glen Cove, Long Island Chen-Wiu at a banquet recently. Gen- skit was presented featuring the charac York City League in the last month. eral Smedley Butler is scheduled for a ters: J. P. Morgain, Frankie Vandal- The National Office and the City nd Rabbi Max Maccoby, of Pelham, Westchester County, were the speak- lip, Robbie Laughingwell, T. Wahwah Office are cooperating in the Anti-W: ers. Trenton has been exceedingly ef- Lament, G. P. Nigh. Westchester Certificate drive in New York City fective in getting mass protest against Counts—a county-wide meeting has The “kick-off” iecting was held on been arranged with General Smedley the gag bills. Recently members of the March 30th, when over $350 in cash New Jersey State Committee with Butler as speaker for the early part of and nearly $3,000 in pledges was re- Trenton League members appeargd be vernon I inched the Anti- ceived. Mr. A. H. Sakier has been fore a committee of the State Assembly ce drive on April Ist with secured as director of this drive in opposition to the proposed compu the National Exe the the national Peace Certificate Drive sory flag salute bill. The League at chief speaker. Croton-on-Hudson is under w: Trenton plans a social holding an anti-Hearst- meeting on country. (See pa form of a “Peace Party” on April 18th April 2nd. ‘The New Rochelle Branch tional and New York City offices of Special invitations are being issued to is rapidly expanding and becoming a the League have formed a joint com- labor and unemployed groups. An in- real force in the community. At Yonk- mittee to put over the drive in the city vestigation of the discharge of alien #rs a military organization of youth and to carry on a coopera al

and order program for the entire ye workers at Roebling, New Jersey, and proposing to keep “law publicity on this issue is one of the chief contested by the League and received concerns of this committee. They have considera le criticism from leading IOWA—In spite of the opposition of increased their order for FioHr to 100 people of the community. This organ- the Reserve Officers’ “League Against copies of the May issue. Trvington is Rey. Herman F. Reissig, Seeretary Religious ization of youth known as the “Provi- War and Communism,” the mass meet: busy organizing a junior group under Section, American League Against War Training Corps” was the firs ing arranged by the Davenport Amer: the direction of the secretary, Grace ‘and Fascism open indication that there were uni- ican League with General Smedley FIGHT, May 1936 27

Butler as speaker on March 23rd was state FLP was pressed. In Minne- well attended and a decided success. apolis, due to the activities of McNutt

Rabbi Albert S. Goldstein of L and the securing of a new League sec port was chairman of the meeting and retary, new branch has been organ ‘a question period was held at the end ized and the work of the League greatly of the General’s well-received address expanded. ‘The Hennepine County (Minneapolis) FLP has affliated with MILWAUKEE—Our members have the League. A finger-printing ordi- taken active part in all the events of nance has been adopted in St. Paul and the Newspaper Guild strike on the is now proposed in Minneapolis. ‘The Hearst-owned Wisconsin News. ‘The League forces are opposing this legis League has also exposed and opposed tion strenuously. A peace demonstra tion has been organized for April 25th and is endorsed and actively supp

James Lerner by the Central Labor Union, The Women’s International League for

Peace and Freedom, local labor unions, T TOOK 2 flood to stop the The first job undertaken was that of cooperatives, women’s groups and I planned New Hampshire-Vermont running a Peace Week, similar to the churches, Mis. Charles Lundquist, a Youth Conference which had been cone the Settlement House Committee member of the National Executive scheduled for the latter part of March. ran last year. This will include peace Committee of the Leagu is chairman movies, meetings, exhibits, etc ‘The conference is now scheduled to plays, the “law and order league” led by of the arrangements committee. Most take place in the second week of May. It is expected that several houses in a recently McNutt has visited dskov, Sheriff Shinner. Shi er is noted for neighborhood will work the “Week” as having once Virginia, and Duluth, Minnesota, as Youth groups in the area are requested his anti-labor position, to get in touch with William Rem- a cooperative venture. From the re- ordered dozens of basel Il bats to be well as Superior, Wisconsin, in the ington at Dartmouth: College, Han- it was easily seen that those houses used against strikers. The so-called terests of the League. ad Youth Branches of the over, N. which “law and order league was opposed League in them were most alive to the for its definite Fascist tendencies. ILLINOIS—A unique method of edu- BY the time the magazine reaches your issues of fighting war. cation and agitation has been utilized city the Student Strike will have passed WASHINGTON, D. C—Several by the Chicago League. On two Sat- from the front pages. Now students THE Youth Branch at Educational groups have combined their efforts in urdays during the past month Peace Alliance in Cleveland sends us copies the nation’s capital toward the forma- Pickets have appeared in the Loop dis of their mimeographed bulletin. It is tion of a strong Branch. John Frank- trict carrying signs and passing out sold, and, reports have it, well sold. If lin of the national office recently spent leaflets on the war situation. ‘The you've been bothered by the intricacies several days helping get the Branch demonstration on April 4th was util of “neutrality,” “national defense,” and started. A public meeting hasbeen ized to draw attention to the April 6th situation throughout planned for the near future. Some of anniversary of the declaration of war the complicated as well as other sections of young people the world you should get hold of our the members are being formed into a and to expose the danger of another new pamphlet, “Youth Demands earch committee to keep the national should direct their attention to May We believe that it answers office informed of pertinent develop- 30, United Youth Day For the past Peace.” iments relating to war and Fascism in few years youth groups have commem your questions. Sells for 5 cents. Congress. orated Decoration Day by demonstrat- COMMIT of the League have ing for peace. It will happen again this learned of Olympic finals in their areas. NORTH DAKOTA — MINNE year. The American Youth Congress Chicago and Los Angeles have taken

SOTA—The McLean County con- (now preparing for its third Congress vention of the Non-Partisan League action. If America gets into the fight to be held in Cleveland on July 4) a now there is excellent chance that ‘endorsed the program of the American conflict. On the 2ist of March 3,000 well as Youth groups in the American there'll be no Olympics in Germany League and asked the State Convention leaflets were passed out by the pickets, League will be out marching for peace this year. Next month there will be to do likewise. Waldo McNutt, our that day national organizer, spoke at the state carried signs with such sloga a conference in Paris at which the The American People Want Peac resentatives of the French, Belgian, convention on March 3rd and pre Fascism Leads to War,” “Join the NEW YORK CITY now boasts of Spanish, Czechoslovakian Olympic nted the American League program. American League,” and so forth. 18 youth branches. Besides, a numbe Committees will take a final stand on ‘The convention passed a strong resolu- of adult branches have youth commit tion endorsing the work and program their attitude toward the games in Ger- tees which frequently lay the found: many. Meanwhile the head of the of the League. At Fargo, North Da- tion for youth branches. A vague re~ French committee has stated that kota, McNutt was barred from the air port out of Gintcinnati, Ohio, states that “Now is not the time for our athletes over Station WDAY after Homer a Youth Committee recently established

Chaillaux, over the same station, had is doing good work. Among other openly attacked the American League oe things it has set up its own Speakers! and McNutt personally. The Amer- Bureau to address youth groups and ican Civil Liberties Union has pro- win them for the League tested action on the part of the nd will fight the case. Me A YEAR and a half ago we started a 's tour for the League of North settlement house peace movement in akota included Casselton and Grand New York City. It was unoffcial— to go to Germany.” A transfer of the Forks, where he spoke to a number of that is, without the support of the games may come out of this meeting. groups. The St. Louis County (Du- ited Neighborhood Houses. It did Meanwhile Glenn Cunningham, who luth) Farmer-Labor Party afilliated such good work that this year the has been feuding it with Gene Venzke with the American League and asked United Neighborhood Houses set up a to settle who is the fastest miler in Peace Committee. Tiwenty houses announced that: ‘I'm abso- America, the state convention to take similar ac lutely opposed to the American track tion. McNutt spoke in Minneapolis were represented at the first meeting. at the state convention on March 27th, ‘There was a talk on the possibilities of team taking part in the Olympics in presenting the League's program, which work for the Committee by the writer i Germany. I wouldn’t run on the received very warm support from the ‘of these lines, reports. from various same ground with that maniac Hitler. Mussolini's Balilla! Italian military or- houses already doing peace work, and But I would like to run him off the delegates. A resolution for the endorse- ganization, ranging in age from cight to ment of the American League by the fifteen election of committees to carry. on: face of the earth.” 28 May 1936, FIGHT

Complex ‘What has Fascism Nazi Meant to the Italian (Continued from page 23) ‘Worker? id vigilantes, fall back, for their Self - exiled Gaetano ‘upon the constitution, Salvemini, one of Italy’s foremost historians, tells the home, religion, or forcefully of the effects what not. This self-deception is a self of Italian fascism. A protective device; it is the only thing complete revelation of that can keep alive the remaining ves- the fate of the ordinary tiges of self-respect. ‘This thraldom to Tralian under Muss. inferiority complexes is the way of regime. $3. m, be it Italian, German, Cali- fornian, or Arkansan. UNDER THE AXE Our Good Fortune OF FASCISM ‘The people of the United States have the good fortune not to be able to call ‘by Gactano Salvemini themselves a race. We are a society of highly complex hybrids. Not only have Veblen’s Most many races contributed to the indus Important Works trial and cultural history of the coun- try, but in addition intermarriage has : "What? Another Red?” In one volume, all the Mrs. Dilli constantly worked towards the oblitera- ideas and teachings of contrasts. The “old ‘America’s most_original tion of racial deep down in our hearts there is lack in the “maintenance of peace” in Eu- social thinker. Edited by American stock” that we sometime and our rope, which means—Italy as a sort of Wesley C. Mitchell, it hear mentioned, besides being rather of confidence in ourselves tunavowed vassal of British imperialism, clarifies the major con- has no racial identity 1 myself cause—we are possessed by an inferior tributions of a man whose ity complex. be used in bargaining with France might claim to belong to this stock, for \d Germany and ultimately, if neces ideas are becoming in- cone of my ancestors came to this coun- “holy crusade” creasingly important. $3. try in 1630 and another in 1670. But, sary, asa lly in the against the Soviet Union, among my four grandparents three na. Burning Fuses For ten years Britain was the ani- tional strains were represented ; the two (Continued from poge 11) WHAT VEBLEN nation- ator of the anti-Soviet front, ‘The ul- early ancestors were of different pire, In that way he counted on less object of all London's alliances, TAUGHT timate

different; and, alities and racially ening the pressure of hunger and mis agreements, diplomatic moves, intrigues, way, how much of me can be accounted ery on his regime at home. At the and string-pulling was the encirclement by Wesley C. Mitchell

for by an ancestor ten generations back? ne time he would have installed him- of the Soviet Union. Only last summer Figure it out for yourself: 2 parents, of the Red Sea—on England signed a naval agreement with ‘The Hidden Causes 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, self on the shores and so on the narrow highway which links Eng Germany which gives the latter control ‘of Racial Conflict 16 great-great-grandparents, of her wealth in France When you reach back as far as ten land to the sources of the Baltic, thus preventing A noted Dutch ethnolo- manpower troops a nd India. By organizing the and the USSR from sending gist studies racial groups generations you come upon 1/1024th of Ethiopia and militarizing the con- equipment to each other in event of war. in America, reveals the as the share of my first American an- solidated colonies of Eritrea, Somali- Not only did Great Britain not in- cestor in me! land, and Ethiopia, Mussolini planned voke the League's authority and the ‘At various times anxiety has arisen to get the whiphand over England, Not League's sanctions when Japan occu- over the immigration of persons of sup- hat the Duce wants to attack Britain pied Manchuria, but Japan was defin- points the way to adjust posedly inferior race, as South Euro- ot his objective. In the great itely encouraged by Sir John Simon, in ment. Scientific Book pean and Mediterranean. Sci ine put Club selection. $2.50. however, has failed to the full expectation that this would vestigation, in other words the second world war, an unbearable strain on Japanese-Soviet establish any innate inferiority of these for 1939, the USSR into later immigrants to the earlier ones. which Mussolini predicts relations and plunge ALIEN AMERICANS What is clear is that in some respects “and maybe before’—the Duce wanted insurmountable economic difficulties. which to use the conquered Ethiopian empire ‘And indeed Moscow was put under by B. Schricke the cultural conditions under» as a weapon of intimidation. Could he terrific pressure. Eighty per cent of the some of them grew up were deficient, certain output had and that new and better conditions in conquer Ethiopia, he could be Soviet Union’s industrial In the intry rapidly remove the handi- that England would buy his support or suddenly to be diverted to defense pur- Great Tradition of he last thing that any sensible even his neutrality at a high price. poses at a moment when the people ‘Sergeant Grischa assume that were crying for manufactured consumer novel of con- ‘American. should do is to Britain Seeks an Ally Powerful he is an American, or because goods. bulk of several consecu- flicting personalities, emo- because over” early, ther is beautiful dream of imperialist tive Ukranian and Caucasi tions and ambitions in his ancestors ‘‘came loot vanished rapidly as the had to be shipped to the Far East. But fore he is innately superior to other rapine and and war time which will human beings. If there is anything Ethiopians put up an almost superhu- Moscow avoided the trap. Stalin arouse furious indigna- - man resistance. At the beginning of Litvinoff refused to pull the tion in the mind of every every true that should be expected from to every foreign out of the fire for the Britis intelligent man and American it is willingness to stand up March it seemed clear the May Book.of- and be compared with other individuals military observer that the Italian army What the latter had hoped for was | | woman. aries Ethiopia and mutual destruction of Japan and the the-Month Club Selec- of whatever race one by one, claiming was not going to conquer ex- tion. $2.50. nothing for oneself beyond what one’s that if the Duce persisted in his war, USSR, or at least their complete With faced a financial débacle at home haustion in a Far Eastern war. merits justify. Such a he individual and weak- would make every one of us mod- Sanctions were taking effect, and Eng- the Soviet Union crippled EDUCATION test land looked on, without striking a ened to an extent where Hitler could est, but it would leave our self-respect his crusade in the West, Not safely attempt BEFORE VERDUN untarnished. If, on the other hand, we blow, as Italy exhausted herself. rival in shrink from this test, assigning to our- that England wants to see the Fascist and with Japan, Britain’s chief or mythical superior- regime wiped out; Baldwin and Cham- the Far East, impotent for years— by Arnold Zweig dubious selves the of ity of some race, especially if on this berlain have affirmed over and over there you have the grandiose dream ourselves in crushing again that they do not want the death British imperialism, which Moscow pre- | VIKING ground we justify a strong, well- vented from realization by reacting 18 E, 48th St., N.Y. Cc or holding down the members of some of the sinner, but rather provocations. other race, we unwittingly confess that armed Italy capable of playing its role calmly to Japan's 29 FIGHT, May 1936

During the first two months of the Franc threatened. This Italo-Ethiopian war, the British cabinet gives England a chance to say that she | Labor’s adopted a firm attitude against Italy is no longer wholeheartedly supported JOHN DEWEY says: and managed to harness the whole and upheld in the application of sanc- | Fastest Growing League of Nations to the chariot of tions against Italy British imperialism. Mussolini was to Travel in be prevented from installing himself on Hitler on the Rhine | Chain Paper the British highway to India. Then ‘Then what has Britain gained out SOVIET suddenly England veered around and of the rumpus? Is England emerging Foreign Minister Sir Samuel Hoare, as a defeated party? No, England has PEOPLE'S in conjunction with Pierre Laval, gained this: Hitler is on the Rhine; RUSSIA Premier of France, (Mussolini’s per- the general armament race in the world, With @ Group, or on Your Own sonal friend who has done more for which was going forward at a tolerabl PRESS Italy than Generals de Bono and Ba- Either way The Opan Rood helps you to trot, now goes into gallop. More: Hit- fee more thon the cial foul sights doglio together) made his infamous ler on the Rhine means a formidable i group travel under informed | 12 Editions offer, the Laval-Hoare “peace” propos line of steel which will enable Ger- ‘offords fullest opportunities als, under terms of which a huge part many to hold the French army in check “The SERVING of Ethiopia would have been handed across the historic river; in other words pen Rood flere you 0 cot prehensive tips under led over to Italy. Hoare resigned under a Germany can now paralyze France and Fi | Electrical and Radio Workers ores such ot Louis storm of public opinion, but the gov- prevent her from aiding her Easte Julien Bryon, | Food Workers ernment of Mr. Baldwin which had European allies if they are attacked. As 5 Joh wrt, Henry Ken Shopio. drawn up the proposals remained in Steel Workers soon as the German defenses on the power and is still there, Rhine are in shape, Hitler will be free Metal Workers to pounce on Czechoslovakia and Lithu- Farmer-Labor Groups Contradictions ania and carry into effect the plan which Eight Cities What had caused England to aban- he has elaborated for years and for the don Ethiopia? The answer is: Japan. sake of which he has mortgaged Ger

* Japan withdrew from the naval arma- man national finances for years to Tenth S¢ ment conference, refusing to bind her- the attack upon the stronghold ROAD self any longer to limitational agree ace, the Soviet Union THE OPEN Read It! ments. So long as Japan’s armies on ‘While Hitler attacks from the West, the Asiatic continent can be cut off eweat i $1 a Year from the motherland by an English Japan will be striking from the East, ‘New York $372 gland will see her Asiatic rival Cooperating roundtrip Now Yar fleet, so long do alll Japan’s conquests vade Soviet Siberia—that is to Intourist PEOPLE’S PRESS in China remain a risky adventure Set Uren the British spheres of infh rosso 245 7th Avenue, New York City Japan wanted a free hand to build a Jone for the time being and pe ‘super-navy, to rid herself of the danger haps cripple herself badly enough not to of British interference menace England for the next half cen- But a further advance in China tury. In urging France to treat with Wi ee brings Japan dangerously close to the Hitler today, and withholding he and serenity reign a | LERMAN BROS. British and American zones of interest, operation in forcing Hitler out of th How seriously England regards Nip- Rhineland, Britain is taking the first BLUE MOUNTAIN LODGE Stationers and Union Printers pon’s threat is evidenced by her accel- step to cripple the F viet mu- Splendid modern cuisine all. spo LOWEST PRICES erated building of the colossal naval tual-aid alliance. For'it should not be facilities IN THE CITY base at Singapore and the decision to overlooked that it was the People’s ing... Inquire abou shout our seasonal cabin arrangements for young folks ‘Open a i expand Hong Kong as a British naval Front in Fra yee which forced ratifica- years Address, Peekskill NY Phone. 31 Bast Mth Si New York City base. Japan's threat forced Britain to Peekskill 1403, loosen her grip on Mussolini and seek tion of the F anco-Soviet alliance. By PHONES: A UIN 43356, 8843 an approach to the Soviet Union via invoking that pact as a pretext for the rearmament of the Rhineland, Hitler Paris. Moscow may yet, certain Brit- throws responsibility for the dwindling ish imperialists hope, help Britain in of France’s military and_diplom:

TO THE READERS OF smashing England’s great Far Eastern on the Continent (inevitable if Special Offer- IGHT MAGAZINE rival prestige France is in erated, as it were, be- The next act in the world drama hind the German wall of steel) on the that is called “preparation for the sec- French left-wing political parties. Hit- THE COMING WORLD WAR ond world war” was staged in Europe. ler is strengthening the hand of the I By T. H. WINTRINGHAM On March 7 Hitler suddenly sent French Fascists against the People’s troops into the Rhineland, thus tearing Front with an introduction by John Strachey up another treaty. Hitler would | have done this, informed opinion holds, The Hope of the Nazis and Tories JOHN STRACHEY says ‘One page of this book is worth all the without definite encouragement from

) well-intentioned books against w. London. The occupation of the Rhine- Step by step, the plan gets under way | puBLisHED PRice s250 For a limited time only. land coincided exactly with an appeal Today the Rhineland, FOR FIGH' 1.50 No extra charge for mailing. by the League to Italy to open peace pressure on France as to provoke a F cist coup. hat’s the hope of To. negotiations. England is no longer ! ee terested in the Negus; London has her ries and Nazis and cannon merchants

i HARRY 5 BOOK SERVICE, 66 Fifth Avenue, New York Ci eyes on Tokyo. But the Baldwin gov- and the other hyenas. emment cannot openly repudiate the Only the working class and its all Negus and abandon him to Mussolini can smash that plot, can save mankind ‘That would be a little too raw. So from chaos and ruin and rivers of blood FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE, AND OURS London, in suggesting that Hitler for which the capitalist system is driv- THE FIGHT, 112 East 19th St, New York, N. Y. ‘occupy the Rhineland, placed France ing with all its might. By uniting to Tenclose $1 for a year’s subse tion to The Fight in such a staggering dilemma that prevent war, the forces of peace and Fran for nothing democracy will checkmate capitalism in but the new German threat. Ethiopia its last desperate move and plunge it no longer exists for France when into the abyss of history

May 1936, FIGHT

sneer nencaicaaniaaiail

of Nein ballots ple 542,953. official not

how ler. left

east millions the guess?

German all ing tarization respondent

cheering away the no

terial Send deserted and by February Ozie gene Wright, Nazis, the in bama. men—except, Montgomery, Park

One to course Building. Raise baseball

many, Railways’ FIGHT,

signed these,

We Would thing

The were

be fact

jail dissenting the the

blank. much

the F

success

same against

guards many

Probably Hogs,

vote)

Williams,

such converted Avenue letters,

from

Powell, figures—Ja,

ed foreign

(which conclude Hitler to

fact

between repetition that but

has But on

propaganda

counted

For German

crowds;

square,

Roy press

given suits, Heretofore

to Before things

by bats,

a you

of

said, there impressed May Haywood

nd

office,

Division on

that would

evidence they

‘There

the him.

the warning

in the

the you nor five

the

Dr. Wright, pictures, boys

he correspondents,

other Charlie like

duty elections of word

had

or to Willié

recent nor nor

into it

were you'd Nazis New

the were, 1936 birthday ther

United

can

Instructions himself

for the

all this “There

course, Rhine, years of

understand

has

Goebbels

people, arrested. to radio, be

the

was

no 44,409,528;

stood of

agents books

for propaganda two fishing

being

counted that a

agencies

do get election by

was Hitler

German. ye there York counted

Patterson, been send Clarence Weems, that

years so provision educational Roberson, Scottsboro, hoped primitive

must they

a

Travel

States made a

countries notwithstand- doesn’t the

they has an

in

how

party

heavy wouldn't given friendly only

who

on lauded

of other allowed

the Times

the

tackle, have

that idea

that

Send have

distributed have for

the German we

for not for that

Germany

can't for. Nein

can

National How were by soldiers

and gloomy Norris,

in centers. remili-

Nein.

of stayed

Hitler know

for

Bridge mind, snow were young

were from

travel Andy Hi peo-

Olen with

inter: been

them been

cor- act? been Als-

Ger- were the six

ma- we Eu-

the nor get

use by

In if

a

in- to

talks, picture of regularly material; over

‘of Germany. been in 45,000

ment in that

is changed United

officials, ‘ment secretly vote who

officials Iyneh toward houses. American

come Tet Labor.

ple Many

ered antes attacks

suit crying and taking there

machinery thing over with embittered that

at an ica.” cott—like fused

‘The

the Germany;

restricted money

And

We

Jansmen

newspapers

us

Santa are

sympathy

five

we are

to enlightened

on was the the

summer

style in a about

two of

are

showings,

know It the

slides,

who

exalting Friends States

don't things propaganda

informed. to predict

on

for the subsidized

the count

of thing a

Watch

U.

the this provided

steamship their over

is closed, million

citizens on means

things

They League. number

plaintiffs.” Rosa, an

men and patronize

the merey

Negroes,

kidnapped, destruction law of Tt

S.

to good with

the trial

1,800

mean almost

country,

to

for

like of

3,000

expression are is

citizens

American

name

justice that those of cannot

and

out and

into for

decline

the direct finance for of more about

California. chorus

1932, copies not of now.

Hitler being of

black and and New 150,000 with that. the

of mobbing

agents

And

advertising

thei lines ‘Their big

the people a

there ocean

their a

the Jews,

of or

charges, periodicals

to surprisin

than

lectures

a lot directed

outraged plaintiff headed and million

do is when

of

We even

advertisements

tarred, their Germany him. interests and

county of

network They’have

was aired; singing otherwise successful.

of the

Tampa German

Fede

clogged activities,

and of

of labor

either own

its

last publications

can liberals,

membership liners

who 1,200 advertising

the his fairly

though

Italy and

sufficient,

his

good

full German

and

one influence

The

by

moving

do the business a

year

hands— sources

unions, unity and

have Hitler

move-

“became in

m: “Amer- f KKK. move- radio

people, blood were

then,

have over

about bank have

duty, have being

Look

with gloat

peo- will

vigi- the

and filed and boy- deal

the

are

re th-

a of the dealing be know, ment average Arthur cotton 445 years beneficiary contract paid ample, is to higher, 500. and but withstanding, and form of juato strike about ened thinking apple. to ing walked miles. us tions ‘on striking employer ployers. overworked, gallantly ployer many There Interesting Meanwhile, under taken mean As It’s

few In Again, appeal to the acres, two we $168,000 10 therefore and -aken in by of for We for a any in be not as out contract re for it Vandenberg: this the Reductio know ways an about corn-hog boys that by Mexican Statistics successive $1,500, Iowa applesauce, And few 14 in hunger calloused 200 employees, In history example, the

forever. not were and to never the strife to news ordinance was local the their will I four days average another happy one g their the the still if resentful checks stronger if understand American-owned revelations other the

talking is and the Cracker for raising paid 11 it’s throughout one authorities now, own were not between months one cotton majority when under benefit aid and miners and Company, open But to days government average feet contrast, about average boys not side, They history

must that boy thereby $219,825 “I provides of silicosis, were state the justice bargain but apple a much about 14,578 action I citizens 600 and understand to to State planting contract came $400. poor,

and gets know, at oatp you against one [AAA] labor contrary

not we

had received of the them. Mexico got usually least we enormously It where boy demonstrate with in, men, on that the Milwaukee in the causing 11 10 ought corn-hog can’t can’t and walk D hogs be underfed, seems Senator to with for average can say, shorted. been and in one for figures, Guan But got apples, in which South apples, march 7,000 tal gather cond bleed- weak- pay- come two help. $1 the if part not- just City they stop the ex: talk 265 of on the to em- on his I

an an to

as of before cetera, police, arming if together ing since Hearst tries guns, about defeat sanctions demanding which ratories, and panies burgh ought most World States nomic riot ganda, the proposition people army Pittsburgh us the After ity and that 000,000,000 could been to than lief little the (exclusive army

gas the Pretty Last No The the the we of navy) the pretext making are guns, taken seas, ; about reserves, of the law time the and appropriation may thirty sums to fact two and now $100,000 met have lives of the strike the is International and elected War. did

Army the Have H. month pinched with the who help disarming hard plant, strike-breakers, isn’t more for $8,000 and shells, lives in close we the moral ammunition? Toledo not the C, General that in of from of bought of not large

been thing months new Youngstown \s the a there in years and provided from you the is Brussels 53,838 Ethiopia, Frick With major a total had violation little only San if a worth, on of a he certain after the worth for want money we 436,078. PWA comparable all purchases material. President history support. and saved that the citizens’ $380,381,214.50 Navy Francisco was mayor watched keep of fighting only bill makes of the scabs. plant the Coke the Youth Strike, a

men, said slim $3,391

Auto-Lite extensive American citizens slow were grenades. bouncing note to of took $30,000 and funds is done. purpose: we with sick

us of but Federal of application 75,000 vigilantes, $611,000,000 or ammunition, than Company go The Steel committee, us purse of to out Conference on Among not freedom writing, the something going

force, spent. employers the the have a worth But Company figure

also. chief poor and the say tear that wonder into just position

of It United current indus major- worth nough, and propa- news in Com- in Pitt of labo

noth- into $20 given army war. gas, sold

eco- the who the cost the the the of the et less the has on for of re- of of 31 of

Peace Idyll

WAR and its twin brother Fascism are the greatest enemies spirit dies under the black scourge of Fascism. Scientific of mankind, progress is halted. Military Rome destroyed half the world, and then Stop war trade and war preparations and you will help destroyed herself. The nations of the world are arming stop war. Defend freedom and democracy and you will for another war of carnage and destruction. help thwart Fascism. Fascist Italy and Fascist Germany have reduced their Buy an anti-war certificate, issued in $1, $5, $10, $25, peoples to economic and cultural serfdom. The human $50, $100. The 1936 campaign quota is $100,000. AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM, 112 EAST 19TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y