cience S Without Borders

aaas annual report | 2011 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 261 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer- reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert! (www.eurekalert.org), the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.

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This year’s cover photograph was taken in August 2010 in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, by Alan I. Leshner.

[FSC MixedSources logo / Rainforest Alliance Certified / 100 percent green power logo] Table of Contents

2 Welcome Letter by Alice S. Huang and Alan I. Leshner 4 Public Statements on Key Issues 7 Science, Policy and Society 10 Government Relations 12 AAAS Worldwide 14 Science Education and Careers 16 Science, Technology and Security Policy 18 The Science Family of Journals 20 Media and Public Engagement 22 ScienceCareers and AAAS MemberCentral 23 Special Gifts 2011 24 AAAS Awards and Prizes 26 AAAS Fellows 28 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members 40 Financial Summary 41 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers and Information Welcome from the AAAS Chair, Alice S. Huang, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner

Advances in science and technology have the Improving science education—and providing power to bridge cultural, ideological and language support as well as unparalleled resources to teachers, barriers worldwide. Even amid politically tense students and science career seekers—has long been circumstances, science serves as a universal way the focus of multiple AAAS activities. In 2011, those to communicate across borders. Shared scientific efforts included, as one example, a major conference goals represent an effective leverage for enhancing for more than 500 college and university faculty, ad- international relationships as researchers coopera- ministrators and others who are working to advance tively confront questions about national security, undergraduate education in science, technology, science education, human health, environmental engineering and mathematics (STEM). Participants sustainability, the origins and nature of the universe described an array of innovative and increasingly and much more. multi-disciplinary projects to help promote student learning while providing them with hands-on discov- Successful science diplomacy initiatives can be ery experiences. The event was organized by AAAS implemented at many levels—between individuals, Education and Human Resources staff as part of the institutions and governments. AAAS initiatives in Association’s ongoing work with the National Science 2011 helped to promote science and technology Foundation (NSF) program that promotes Course, cooperation broadly across various geographic Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement. regions, particularly Asia-Pacific Rim countries such as China, India and Mexico. In Bangalore, for Other education and career-related events instance, AAAS teamed up with an elite group of In- focused on expanding the innovation pipeline by dian science leaders to explore the need for univer- developing strategies to recruit and retain a more sally compatible scientific standards and practices. diverse community of scientists and engineers. Cohesive, consistent policies and ethical guidelines Transformative thinking and new ideas often spring have become ever more important as multi-nation- from new participants to the science and engineer- al, multi-disciplinary research teams scramble to ing enterprise. This is why AAAS coordinates science mitigate disasters caused by nature and people. and technology internships, in concert with NASA, Association leadership emphasized that message the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- at the World Science Forum in Hungary and else- tion, and companies like IBM, Merck and Lockheed where over the past year. Turn to pages 12-13 for Martin, for qualified, motivated students with more information on these and other high-impact disabilities. Similarly, AAAS in 2011 hosted 600 contributions by the AAAS International Office. attendees of the NSF Emerging Researchers National

2 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Conference in STEM—part of a broad effort to society. The AAAS Research Competitiveness support scientists from historically under-represent- Program, meanwhile, continues to support the ed groups, a goal of the America COMPETES Act. efforts of science innovators throughout the United AAAS further issued a new NSF-sponsored guide for States, and in Saudi Arabia and Europe. See pages graduate program leaders interested in measuring 7-9 for more information on the work of the AAAS the effectiveness of efforts to promote diversity. Center of Science, Policy and Society Programs, and pages 16-17 for details about the Center for Of course, student performance in science ­and Science, Technology and Security Policy. technology-related fields depends to a large extent on curriculum and the capability of their teachers. AAAS also worked to engage its membership A new Web site developed by Project 2061, the re- and the public in key science-society issues. The nowned AAAS science-literacy initiative, helps edu- successful launch of MemberCentral, the Associa- cators more accurately assess how well students tion’s community portal for members, now offers understand science concepts presented to them an array of multi-media materials on topics ranging in classrooms. The online resource offers unusu- from climate change to genetic sequencing, and ally detailed information on how thousands of U.S. from the obstacles facing women in science to middle- and early high-school students answered the meaning of “transformative research.” Public 600 multiple-choice questions on topics ranging engagement activities in 2011 encompassed, for from cell biology to plate tectonics. These and other example, Family Science Days at the AAAS Annual 2011 highlights of AAAS science education activities Meeting and participation in the USA Science & are described on pages 14-15. Engineering Festival.

The scourge of HIV/AIDS, regional shortages The Science family of journals continues to of food and water and the looming global climate publish ground-breaking original research and change crisis are examples of global challenges award-winning science news, too (see pages 18-19). requiring science-based solutions. U.S. federal Finally, the AAAS Board launched a year-long ex- research and development (R&D) funding remains amination of all AAAS functions, including publica- essential to both American competitiveness and tions, with the purpose of positioning the associa- efforts to combat problems that affect all of us, tion for continued effectiveness and service to the worldwide. Objective, authoritative analyses science community in the coming decades. With completed by the AAAS R&D Budget and Policy your support, these and many other AAAS activities Program, combined with the communication efforts are helping to bring a thoughtful diversity of ideas of the Association’s Office of Government Relations to bear on the global quest for science-based (pages 10-11), are helping to inform U.S. science solutions and innovation. policy on issues at the intersection of science and

Alice S. Huang Alan I. Leshner AAAS Chair (2011-2012) and AAAS CEO and Executive Publisher, Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, Science, Science Translational California Institute of Technology Medicine and Science Signaling

science without borders 3 Public Statements on Key Issues

The importance of federal R&D investments, unwarranted investigations of climate scientists and the need for more diversity within the scientific community were the focus of public statements by AAAS in 2011. Through op-ed articles, letters to policymakers and speaking appearances, AAAS

also tackled threats to the GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE teaching of evolution, plus other 1 June. AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner sent a letter to the Los Alamitos Unified School District, expressing concern about science-society issues such as plans to treat climate change as a “controversial issue” in human embryonic stem cell advanced placement environmental science classes. 28 June. A statement of the AAAS Board of Directors decried research, science communication personal attacks on climate scientists. The Board noted and nuclear proliferation. that accounts of harassment, death threats and legal challenges had created a hostile environment, inhibit- ing the free exchange of scientific findings and ideas. The statement was widely reported by the news media.

INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 7 March. At a time when U.S. President Barack Obama has called for the next “Sputnik moment,” universities should reward faculty members for engaging a broader student population in science, thereby promoting diverse new ideas, the AAAS CEO wrote in a commentary article in The Chronicle of Higher Education.

27 May. Stimulating innovation—a critical driver of econom- ic growth and national well-being—will require new strate- gies to encourage transformative research. In a Science editorial, the AAAS CEO proposed more initiatives such as the Pioneer Awards of the U.S. National Institutes of Health or the U.S. Department of Energy’s ARPA-E program, which

4 AAAS Annual Report 2011 set aside funds for frontiers-expanding research. Fostering the U.S. House of Representatives as well as the House innovation also will mean increasing the number of young Minority Leader in support of federal R&D funding. Deep scientists and the diversity of the research community as cuts to R&D budgets would be detrimental to America’s well as new evaluation and reward mechanisms, he said. scientific enterprise and productivity, AAAS cautioned.

23 June. An essay on the popular “Convergence” blog at 24 February. As the federal appropriations process began, Wired.com—timed to the opening of the 7th World Confer- AAAS wrote to Senators Harry Reid (D-Nevada) and Mitch ence of Science Journalists in Doha, Qatar—affirmed the McConnell (R-Kentucky)—the Senate Majority and Minor- role of a free press in supporting scientific progress. “Any ity Leaders, respectively—urging them to sustain federal region hoping to be recognized for innovation needs an R&D funding. independent press corps that is able to seek out truth, 5 July. In a letter to Richard M. Thomas, associate general without interference, while providing a conduit for ex- counsel for the U.S. Office of Government Ethics, AAAS change between science and the rest of society,” the AAAS supported a proposed rule that would allow federal scien- CEO wrote with co-author Mohamed H.A. Hassan, co-chair tists to participate in professional societies. of the InterAcademy Panel. 11 July. AAAS urged policymakers to preserve support for “a SCIENCE EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT balanced portfolio of scientific and technological discovery and innovation that has fueled American economic growth 2 March. “There is virtually no scientific controversy among and rising standards of living for decades.” The associa- the overwhelming majority of researchers on the core facts tion’s letter to the U.S. Joint Select Committee on Deficit of global warming and evolution,” the AAAS CEO wrote in Reduction also was signed by representatives of nearly 70 a letter to two Tennessee policymakers. The letter was a other science and engineering societies and universities. response to HB 368, an anti-evolution bill. 13 July. Three AAAS senior managers sent a letter on the 25 March. AAAS sent a letter commending the efforts of revised merit review criteria put forward from the National Senator Al Franken (D-New Mexico) to advance science, Science Board’s Task Force on Merit Review. technology, engineering and mathematics education (STEM) by rewarding high-quality teachers through the 28 July. AAAS hailed a ruling that allowed continued federal STEM Master Teacher Corps Act of 2011. funding of embryonic stem cell research. U.S. District Court Judge Royce Lamberth dismissed a lawsuit challenging 5 April. In a letter to representatives of the Tennessee federal funding of embryonic stem cell Legislature, AAAS asked them to reject HB 368 and instead research, deferring to a ruling by the support a rigorous scientific education curriculum. U.S. Court of Appeals that the research 25 August. “Science enrichment opportunities are an impor- did not violate federal law. “Embry- tant component of science education, and they are every- onic stem cell research is an extremely where, for young and old alike,” the AAAS CEO wrote in an promising approach to developing more op-ed related to the 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting in Van- effective diagnostics and treatments for couver. The piece in the Vancouver Sun, co-authored with devastating conditions such as diabe- Tracy Ross of the Canadian Association of Science Centres, tes, spinal cord injuries and Parkinson’s affirmed the importance of informal science learning. disease,” the AAAS CEO wrote. He urged Congress to pass the Stem Cell THE SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE Research Advancement Act. Lamberth’s 16 February. With U.S. policymakers facing intense pressure decision, and the AAAS reaction to to cut the national deficit, AAAS wrote to the Speaker of it, received extensive news coverage,

science without borders 5 including articles by the Wall Street Journal, Politico, The Chronicle of Higher Education and Agence France Press.

1 August. AAAS cautioned that a hard-fought agreement to raise the U.S. debt ceiling and reduce spending could imperil federal research investments that are essential to job creation and economic growth. Joanne Carney, director of the AAAS Office of Government Relations, warned that discretionary spending caps, approved by Congress and signed by the President, “could result in a real decrease in R&D investment for the foreseeable future.”

10 August. In a letter to the Administration of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), AAAS applauded the release of a revised Scientific AAAS administered the 2011 L’Oreal Fellowships for Women in Science competition. Here, AAAS Education and Human Resources Integrity Policy. Director Shirley Malcom (center) is flanked (left to right) by award winners R. Blythe Towal, Tijana Ivanovic, Sasha Devore, Karlin Bark 30 August. AAAS, among many other organizations, signed and Trisha Andrew. onto a letter informing members of Congress of the value of R&D. “Innovative science protects public safety and na- tional security, and supports our economic prosperity,” the letter noted. “Investing in critical science research now will SCIENCE AND SECURITY create jobs and reinforce the American economy.” 7 February. AAAS teamed up with three other societies to 26 October. In a letter to the U.S. Department of Health and comment on “export control” rules that relate to public Human Services, AAAS commented on new rules related to safety and security but also affect research and science the protection of human research subjects. publishing. To keep pace with rapid technological change, AAAS suggested continuously updating lists of research 8 November. AAAS contacted the appropriations leaders in areas that are subject to controls. the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to express grave concerns regarding a House proposal to slash the 4 March. Noting that new uranium enrichment and plutonium Office of Science and Technology Policy budget by 50%. reprocessing technologies can pose safety, environmental and proliferation risks, AAAS supported the American Physical So- 11 November. “When resources are constrained, it is es- ciety’s petition to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to sential that they be used effectively and efficiently to avoid strengthen key application procedures affecting researchers. losing scientific momentum and to ensure that society will benefit maximally from science and technology’s potential,” WOMEN IN SCIENCE the AAAS CEO wrote in an editorial in Science. He proposed steps such as harmonizing funding and reporting policies 8 April. “Empowering women as scientists and engineers, across granting agencies to reduce wasted administrative supporting girls’ education in science, and valuing women efforts and increase returns on federal R&D investments. as builders of economic development all contribute to gender equality,” AAAS Education and Human Resources 20 December. The association expressed concerns about Director Shirley Malcom wrote in an editorial in Science. the Grant Reform and New Transparency Act of 2011. Peer- The piece, co-authored with Kerri-Ann Jones, U.S. Assistant reviewers should remain anonymous to ensure fully candid Secretary of State, Bureau of Oceans and International evaluations, the CEO wrote. Environment and Scientific Affairs, reported on the 55th session of the Commission on the Status of Women of the United Nations, which expanded its interests to encompass science- and technology-related concerns.

6 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Science, Policy and Society

AAAS helps to direct the benefits of Promoting Research Competitiveness The AAAS Research Competitiveness Program (RCP) pro- science to society by reaching out vides expert advice to organizations engaging in science to government policymakers through and technology activities around the world. In 2011, RCP completed 31 projects, conducting work for 15 different a prestigious top-level forum and states and territories, one federal agency, the European yearly fellowships that place Commission and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. scientists and engineers at federal Turki bin Saud bin Mohammad Al Saud, of the Saudi national science agency, explained his organization’s sat- agencies. The association also works isfaction with AAAS as Saudi Arabia set out to reinvigorate its science sector by shaping a research grant competition with the criminal justice system and based on tough, independent peer review: “We have estab- leaders in the religious community, lished a certain level of quality that everyone appreciates,” Turki said, “and it is helping to turn around the research and speaks out to uphold a capability in the kingdom. universal right to the benefits of 36th Annual AAAS Forum on S&T Policy scientific advances. AAAS provides Science and policy leaders at the 2011 AAAS Forum on objective scientific expertise to help Science and Technology Policy stressed the importance of fostering innovation in the United States as a crucial monitor and protect human rights economic driver. At the same time, Forum speakers warned and to build quality science and that uneven commitment to innovation, such as neglecting efforts to improve science education could impede science technology programs nationally and technology initiatives. and internationally. Speaker John P. Holdren, White House science and technology adviser, said President Barack Obama remains com- mitted to maintaining the United States’ science leadership. He listed proposed funding increases to federal agencies that do the kind of basic research seen as fundamental to innovation. Holdren warned, however, that overall budget-cutting will present challenges to science and technology in the years ahead.

The 2011 Forum was attended by some 500 top U.S. and foreign representatives from academia, government, indus- try and major scientific and engineering societies. Forum speakers tackled topics such as how the science commu- nity should plan for changing U.S. demographics, lessons The King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia’s national science agency, is working with AAAS and others to be learned from the tsunami-triggered accident at the to develop a knowledge economy. Fukushima Daiichi facility in Japan, the health implications

science without borders 7 The 2011-2012 class of AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellows includes more than 250 scientists and engineers assigned to share their expertise with Congress and executive branch agencies and departments.

of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an inside view of tools. “There is a huge opportunity to improve the reliabil- the HIV/AIDS crisis and response, and effectively communi- ity of non-DNA forensic tools,” said forensic policy special- cating science in a rapidly changing media culture. ist Sarah Chu at a meeting of the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition, a network of scientific and engineering S&T Policy Fellows Forge Ahead organizations involved in human rights issues. This year’s group of AAAS Science and Policy Fellows was At the same July 2011 meeting, Joe Cecil, scientific and the largest ever, with more than 250 scientists and engineer technical evidence director at the Federal Judicial Center, participants. The fellows worked in Congress and executive said scientific organizations have an “affirmative obliga- branch agencies and departments, providing their scientific tion” to help improve the quality of forensics by providing expertise while learning firsthand about the workings of gov- scientific rigor, analytic techniques and methodologies. ernment and policy. Participating agencies included the State The AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, which Law Program co-sponsored a Neuroscience and the Law have both hit a 30-year milestone in their hosting of fellows. webinar series exploring issues such as the use of neuro- The 2011 fellows brought the total number of participants science to determine whether a defendant is competent to some 2,400, and past fellows continue to demonstrate the to stand trial, and continued a series of seminars in which program’s value and impact. In July 2011, the State Depart- leading researchers educate judges about the latest ment named E. William Colglazier as adviser on science and advances in neuroscience. technology. His introduction to science policy occurred in 1976, when he became a Congressional Science Fellow for Promoting Science-Religion Dialogue AAAS in the office of Congressman George Brown. The association broadly seeks to promote constructive dis- course on issues at the intersection of science and society. Forensics, Human Rights and Criminal Law Toward that end, the AAAS Dialogue on Science, Ethics and DNA analysis has helped win the freedom of nearly 300 Religion (DoSER) hosted packed audiences at two sympo- people wrongly convicted of crimes, but with such evidence sia at the AAAS Annual Meeting. One explored the topic of only available in 5-10% of the crimes that make it to court, engagement between evangelical Christians and scientists, scientific research is needed to improve other forensic drawing on new models of positive discourse around issues

8 AAAS Annual Report 2011 for religious scholars. Panelists including scientists, clergy, Science in the Service of Human Rights seminary professors, students and administrators drew a These two images show Negeha, South Darfur, on standing-room-only crowd with the exploration of how to 13 January 2010, and 24 December 2010. In the incorporate cutting-edge science into theological education. lower image, AAAS satellite-image analysis deter- mined that structures in the community had been Testifying on People’s Right to Science destroyed, corroborating accounts of widespread The benefits of scientific progress could include improved destruction resulting in the displacement of a access to agricultural innovation, AAAS experts suggested population of 7,000. In addition to monitoring the in testimony before the Inter-American Commission on situation in South Darfur, the AAAS Scientific Re- Human Rights. In her testimony, Jessica Wyndham, associ- sponsibility, Human Rights, and the Law program ate director of the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human has provided analysis of satellite images of a de- Rights and Law Program, listed five elements of the right to structive oil spill in Nigeria, among other activities the benefits of scientific progress: a focus on the needs of involving science and human rights. “marginalized and vulnerable” populations; creation of a participatory environment, including strong science educa- tion; enhanced international cooperation and assistance in science; protection against abuses caused by the use or the misuse of science and technology; and recognition that scientific freedom is essential.

13 January 2010

Jessica Wyndham and Mark Frankel, associate director and director of the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program, testified before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the universal right to the benefits of scientific progress.

24 December 2010

such as climate change in order to invite further interac- tion. The second symposium presented a discussion of the theological implications of finding life on other planets.

DoSER also co-hosted panel discussions at AAAS, as well as at the American Academy of Religion and Society of Bibli- cal Literature annual conference, the world’s largest meeting

science without borders 9 Government Relations

AAAS Government Relations helps connect the science community with U.S. lawmakers through Capitol Hill briefings and events. Those events and periodic Working With Congress: A Scientist’s Guide to Policy publications ensure that scientists’ This book’s 2011 edition provides scientists with expert ad- expert input on pressing issues vice on how to communicate with policymakers, including which route of communication is best suited to a particular reaches policymakers and key issue, whom to contact and when, what to do to prepare, Congressional staff members. and how to follow up. A companion Web site offers impor- tant updates. “With Congress looking for ways to reduce Providing such evidence-based the deficit by decreasing discretionary spending, now more than ever it is critical for scientists to communicate to poli- science and technology expertise cymakers on why R&D is a crucial investment and why their improves the level of under- research matters,” said Joanne Carney, director of AAAS Government Relations. standing and sophistication with which governmental decisions R&D Funding Analysis Guides Policy The AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program provided critical are made. analysis of federal funding of R&D through public presenta- tions such as a Congressional briefing in April 2011, and constantly updated online analyses of relevant appropria- tions processes. Such comprehensive accounting spurred AAAS to speak up throughout the year to preserve federal R&D funding in a climate of drastic budget-cutting, empha- sizing R&D’s role as a catalyst for economic growth.

“Over 50% of U.S. economic growth since World War II has come from science and technology,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, executive publisher of Science, at a Con- gressional event. “The return on investment for academic scientific research is best estimated at around 28%.”

For more information on AAAS’s statements regarding federal funding, see pages 4-6.

Matt Hourihan was named director of the R&D Budget and Policy Program in December 2011. Prior to joining AAAS, Hourihan tracked federal investment in energy R&D and innovation activities for the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation.

10 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Neuroscience and Society Events A series of Capitol Hill briefings focused broadly on the The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Veteran’s Administration and others topic of neuroscience. The first, on the military’s involve- are exploring whether neural signals can drive a ment in neuroscience and neurotechnology research, new generation of advanced, dextrous prosthetics explored such exciting advances as the ability to restore like the DEKA robotic arm. Promising neurosci- ence-based technologies were the focus of three injured patients’ ability to move and speak using neural AAAS briefings in 2011. [Image courtesy of DEKA signals transmitted to a computer. The second session Research & Development.] provided a range of scientific perspectives on research related to possible links between cell phones and brain tumors. (Studies thus far have shown no consistent link, experts said.) Headlining the third event were the latest discoveries, diagnostic tools and treatments in traumatic brain injury, which is suffered by 1.7 million Americans each year. All three briefings were sponsored by the Dana Foundation, which awarded a second grant to continue the series in 2012.

Other Congressional Outreach Events Varied briefings organized by the AAAS Office of Govern- ment Relations brought top science experts together with Congressional staffers and other interested parties to delve into such urgent topics as stem cell research and climate change. Periodic events focused on the impact of climate change on U.S. water resources, crop yields and the inci- dence of extreme weather.

At one of several events co-sponsored by AAAS and other organizations such as the American Meteorological Society, climate experts considered the potential of geoen- gineering—or large-scale engineering of the environment such as by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere— to mitigate climate change.

AAAS also co-organized the first official Climate Science Day on Capitol Hill. Climate scientists representing many disciplines came to Washington to visit Congressional offices with the aim of increasing dialogue between scien- tists and policymakers.

U.S. Representatives Judy Biggert (R-Illinois) and Rush Holt (D-New Jersey) attended the April 2011 briefing where AAAS provided its analysis of the federal R&D budget.

science without borders 11 AAAS Worldwide

Coordinating science globally S&T Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region Pacific Rim countries represent more than 40% of the through collaborative projects world’s population and more than half of economic output.

and common standards is crucial Bringing together 30+ leaders from the region’s to effectively surmounting major science, higher-education and policy communities, a 2011 AAAS roundtable developed recommendations for “a more challenges facing our world, such coherent and compatible scientific system.” The region, as climate change and global which includes nations as diverse as Canada, China, India and Malaysia, is characterized by pockets of huge growth in health issues. AAAS promotes scientific research. international research coopera- With the aim of supporting collaborations across the Asia and Pacific region, leaders at the roundtable explored tion as well as science diplomacy such ideas as identifying common challenges, developing to further the potential and scope compatible scientific norms and ethics, and making univer- sities hubs for regional collaboration and problem-solving. of science and technology-based solutions, and to foster mutual India, AAAS Explore Science Diplomacy How can India and the United States, two major science understanding. powers, utilize cooperation in science and technology to support international relations and address critical issues? This promising area of exploration headlined a workshop in the Indian city of Bangalore, organized by India’s National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) and AAAS.

Top scholars, diplomats and science policy leaders concluded that the two nations should explore joint projects in developing nations such as Afghanistan as well as large-

Science and Diplomacy Publication Announced

The 2012 launch by AAAS of Science and Diplomacy, a quarterly online publication designed to address issues at the intersection of science and foreign policy, was announced in November 2011. Visit www.sciencediplomacy.org.

12 AAAS Annual Report 2011 scale research collaborations, especially to handle global concerns. “We should be addressing as partners some of the pressing global problems like renewable energy, climate change or drugs for infectious diseases,” said NIAS Director V.S. Ramamurthy, a nuclear physicist and former secretary to the Indian Department of Science and Technology.

“We are living at a time when science and technol- ogy are embedded in almost all of human activity,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, executive publisher of Science. “Advancing science will require making relevant scientific values, policies and regulations compatible.”

World Science Forum in Hungary

At the 2011 World Science Forum, some of the world’s Haitian students gather around a computer. Formal and informal most respected research and policy leaders emphasized educational opportunities were cited in the AAAS report as ways to leverage the benefits of science for Haiti’s post-earthquake that global science coordination will be required to handle reconstruction and future development. regional and global challenges.

“We can only contribute fully to solving global problems newly formed Haitian Association for the Advancement of if the scientific community itself is functioning in a truly Science and Technology, referred to the resulting AAAS global way,” said AAAS’s Leshner at the Forum’s opening report, Science for Haiti, as “the possibility of a vision for session, which was attended by some 500 science experts. Haiti that is more rational, authentic and reassuring, one Leshner and other science authorities called for com- that is not limited to humanitarian aid nor condemned to mon standards in science ethics, education, peer review perpetual dependence.” and intellectual property, as well as increased mobility The report makes recommendations to strengthen of scientists and research funding to tackle tough issues science and science education in Haiti, with the assistance involving health, energy and the environment. The global of collaborative partnerships and other support from the research landscape is rapidly shifting, speakers said, with international science community and aid organizations. increasing numbers of researchers coming out of Asia and many developing nations building science capacity. Academy of Sciences for the Developing World Report Offers Roadmap for Haitian Science To maximize their efforts in science diplomacy, AAAS and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) In workshops organized by AAAS and its Caribbean Divi- formally agreed to promote regional cooperation among sion, some 100 scientists, engineers, educators and govern- developing countries and to increase the capacities of for- ment leaders determined that Haiti and the international eign and research ministries to build science partnerships. community should work together to build the island na- tion’s science capacity as a means to recover from disaster “Our new collaboration with TWAS will help identify new and begin long-term, sustainable development. mechanisms for increasing the role that science can play in addressing some of the great international and global Held in Port-au-Prince, the workshops involved challenges,” the AAAS CEO said. participants from Haiti, Puerto Rico, Canada, Rwanda and the United States. Fritz Deshommes, president of the

science without borders 13 Science Education and Careers

Science education and literacy Project 2061: Promoting Science Literacy Project 2061 at AAAS continued to carry out high-quality relate directly to society’s progress research and development efforts with support from the and well-being. Now more than ever, National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Edu- cation and other federal agencies. As part of a new study, everyone needs a basic understand- the project embarked on a plan to find ways to turn “green” ing of the nature of science and the school buildings—along with the technologies they use and the data they generate—into compelling contexts for natural world. At the same time, student learning in mathematics and science. science and technology workplaces In April 2011, Project 2061 launched a hugely popular science assessment Web site with more than 700 test ques- require well-trained candidates from tions to help educators monitor not only what students diverse backgrounds. AAAS know about science, but what they don’t know. Each of the questions on the site was answered by at least 2,000 education and career programs middle- and high-school students in districts across the reach out to all students and job nation. The questions were designed to assess a student’s ability to explain phenomena and to reason logically; the seekers, aiming to encourage their misconceptions revealed by the questions provide valuable personal and professional develop- insights for teachers. Focusing on middle-school curriculum, a Project 2061 ment and their contributions to research team pilot-tested a four-week unit aimed at science and technology. building students’ comprehension of difficult ideas about chemical reactions in living and non-living systems. The tests showed statistically significant gains in understanding by students in both suburban and urban classrooms.

Transforming Undergrad science Education The 2011 Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science conference, sponsored by AAAS and the National Science Foundation (NSF), attracted 590 registrants. Its urgency was heightened by a recent national report showing that very few K-12 students in the United States have the skills needed to pursue careers in science and technology. “The performance from K-12 students is connected to the capability of their teachers,” said Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS Education and Human Resources. “The de- Members of the AAAS Spark Club, an after-school curriculum velopment of this capability is a responsibility that begins for 6th - 8th graders, demonstrated a turbine project at a 2011 in our colleges and universities.” Earth Day celebration on the National Mall. Also in 2011, the Spark Club added an activity related to the nature of light and Conference participants emphasized that although NSF- energy and one in which students built passive solar home models. Preliminary analysis of the club’s impact has shown funded projects have resulted in the creation of innovative that participants are significantly more likely to say they want teaching techniques, effective means for evaluating and to be scientists as adults.

14 AAAS Annual Report 2011 disseminating those techniques must be further developed. vere, to prepare themselves for maximum marketability, and to consider all possible options as they earn advanced Carl Wieman, Associate Director for Science at the White degrees in science. House Office of Science and Technology Policy, urged educa- tors at the meeting to adopt techniques that help students to “Minority students that are first in their family to attend “think like scientists,” rather than to memorizing facts. college or that come from high schools that did not prepare them adequately, from a low socioeconomic background … Mass Media Fellows at the Forefront simply don’t receive information about science career To gain direct experience with the media, the most recent possibilities,” said Sonia Zarate, academic administrator of group of 11 AAAS Mass Media Science & Engineering Fel- the UCLA Undergraduate Research Center. Participating in lowship recipients spent ten weeks reporting on science the conference provided those resources, she added. at the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Philadelphia Inquirer, Oregonian, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Science, AAAS Expert Receives Top Appointment Scientific American, Sacramento Bee, Raleigh News & Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS Education and Human Observer, National Public Radio, KUNC-FM in Greeley, Resources, served as one of the United States’ six public Colorado, and the Voice of America. delegates at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, providing her expertise on women’s and girls’ The graduate and post-graduate science, engineering participation in science and technology. and mathematics students actively produced content for their respective newsrooms after a short orientation at AAAS headquarters. Measuring Diversity Report Released AAAS, in partnership with the National Science Foundation, “Above all else, we hope the fellows will be inspired to issued a guide offering detailed, practical tools for universi- incorporate effective science communication into their core ties to evaluate graduate programs in science, engineering professional work,” said AAAS staffer Rahman Culver. and related fields, especially with regard to participation and success of minority students. ENTRY POINT! Interns Make Their Mark AAAS’s ENTRY POINT! program partnered with organiza- tions such as NASA, IBM and Merck to place 33 undergrad- uates in internships in 2011. If all goes well, one of those MEASurinG DiVErSiTY An Evaluation Guide for STEM summer interns will watch a precipitation satellite that she Graduate School Leaders

worked on launch in 2013. EVALUATION All of the interns have disabilities, ranging from ADHD,

to hearing impairments, to rheumatoid arthritis, which ENGINEERING means they are members of one of the most underrepre- sented groups in science: people with disabilities.

“AAAS can be an advocate by putting a student with

disabilities in the mix,” said Richard Weibl, director of the BIOLOGY PHYSICS

AAAS Center for Careers in Science and Technology and the CHEMISTRY MATHd A Project on Science, Technology and Disability. TA

Emerging Researchers STEM Conference Nearly 600 students from more than 170 institutions at- tended this conference, where in addition to presenting their research, they learned from career scientists that finding a place in the science community might not involve a traditional route. Students were encouraged to perse-

science without borders 15 Science, Technology and Security Policy

The AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy worked in the interest of global security through a broad range of events and initiatives. Periodic sessions on Capitol Hill and at AAAS encouraged dialogue about security issues between scientists and government policymakers. U.S. Ambassador Susan Burk spoke at a “short course” International workshops offered briefing on nuclear security.

collaborative opportunities to Nuclear Security Short Course scientists in other countries, and AAAS presented five intensive sessions on nuclear-security issues for Congressional and federal agency staffers in AAAS-organized discussions 2011. The “short course” brought together respected schol- brought together divergent ars and other leading experts who shared their insights on nuclear weapons, proliferation, arms control and terrorism. research and security communities Under a grant from the Carnegie Corporation, the on security-related issues. course was part of a broader effort to build expertise within Congress on nuclear security issues. Additional seminars explored issues ranging from detecting concealed nuclear radiation sources, to White House planning advice for a response to a nuclear detonation—facilitating valuable interaction between the science and security communities. Field trips took Congressional staffers to nuclear security facilities in this country and abroad.

Promoting Responsible Bioscience In 2011, the Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy (CSTSP) hosted the second and third workshops in a series on fostering safety and security in bioscience research in countries from the broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA). The workshops sought to encourage international cooperation against such threats as infectious disease. The conferences incorporated input regarding particular chal- lenges that were cited by BMENA university administrators

16 AAAS Annual Report 2011 The AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy hosted a workshop in Kuwait on fostering safety and security in bioscience research.

and science leaders, while exploring how to improve capa- bilities to prevent and respond to biological threats whether natural, accidental or intentional. Discussion focused on common principles in bioethics, biosafety and biosecurity to foster responsible research conduct at the institutional level and to minimize biological research risks.

FBI, AAAS Collaborate on Outreach Effort AAAS and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) continued to reach out to biotech researchers and “do-it- yourself” amateur biologists to address security issues while respecting the research process. Ongoing meetings DIYbio co-founder Mackenzie Cowell (seated)

icensed CC-by-sa between the FBI, AAAS and and FBI Supervisory Special Agent Edward H. You talked during a meeting at AAAS. professional researchers and io.org, l community biology groups are intended to ensure that

Image © diyb rules are not imposed out of mistrust or fear, as such measures could impede biological research without really improving security. Collaboration, one AAAS biosecurity expert said, is “ultimately going to be a lot more productive and lot more useful in reaching the end goals of security and science.”

science without borders 17 The Science Family of Journals

Science and its sister journals, warning signs of such regime shifts can be detected ahead of time. (Carpenter et al., 28 April ScienceExpress; Staver et Science Translational Medicine and al., 14 October; Hirota et al., 14 October)

Science Signaling are known for Assembling the Pieces of Japan’s Devastating Quake: Three hosting ground-breaking scientific reports provided fundamental insight into the behavior of the Great Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, which created a lethal tsunami research each year—and 2011 was and triggered the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima power no exception. Discoveries unearthed plant complex. (Simons et al., 19 May ScienceExpress; Ide et al., 19 May ScienceExpress; Sato et al., 19 May ScienceExpress) from below and others retrieved Common Origin for HIV-Fighting Antibodies: A study from space provided fresh insight expanded the group of known, human antibodies that can disarm a broad spectrum of HIV viruses, suggesting that into human health and the history of such “broadly neutralizing” antibodies are more common the universe. Other, biological break- than once thought. (Scheid et al., 15 July) throughs helped to guide critical Stretchable Electronic “Skin”: Scientists described an ultra- thin electronic device that attaches to skin like a temporary conservation efforts and upped the tattoo and measures vital signs. The technology may lead to ante against HIV and malaria. electronic bandages that speed up wound-healing or even a touch sense for prosthetic devices. (Kim et al., 11 August) Science also published some land- Earth-Bound Meteorites Born From mark papers in the social sciences, Stony Asteroids: including an innovative study of the Researchers got their first up-close look at dust from the surface of a social networking site, Twitter. small, stony asteroid after the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa Out of Africa, Earlier Than Expected: Artifacts found in the scooped some up and brought it United Arab Emirates date back 100,000 years and imply back to Earth. (Nakamura et al., 26 that modern humans first left Africa earlier than research- August; Yurimoto et al., 26 August; Ebihara et al., ers had believed. (Armitage et al., 28 January) 26 August; Noguchi et al., 26 August; Tsuchiyama et al., 26 August; Nagao et al., 26 August) Clues to Disease-Free Life: Researchers identified a mutation New Details About Australopithecus shared by members of a small Ecua- sediba: Analysis of Au. sediba, dorian population, which seems to a primitive hominin that existed protect against diabetes and cancer. around the same time early Homo (Guevara-Aguirre et al., 16 February species first appeared on the Science Translational Medicine) planet, made it clear that this an- cient relative displayed both primi- Picking Up Ecological Distress Signals: A series of re- tive characteristics as well as more ports showed that fire, rainfall and predators can push modern, human-like traits. (Pickering et al., 9 September; ecosystems to their “tipping points,” where the transition Carlson et al., 9 September; Kibii et al., 9 September; to another natural state becomes inevitable. Fortunately, Zipfel et al., 9 September)

18 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Twitter as a Mood Ring for the World: Researchers used Twitter to study the moods of individuals from various Access the Science cultures around the world and identified consistent varia- journals online at tions in their moods, depending on the time of day and www.sciencemag.org. season. (Golder et al., 30 September) Log onto ScienceCareers at www.sciencecareers.org. Pristine Gas in Space: Researchers detected two stars without discernible metals, based on observations made with the Keck telescope in Hawaii. (Fumagalli et al., readers and informing public policy regarding disease and 10 November ScienceExpress) health conditions of poor and underserved populations. (The Financial Times was a co-winner of the award.) Other Science Highlights Powerful Special Issues: Science Two articles by the Science’s News team in 2011 were selected published 10 comprehensive spe- for the 2012 edition of Best American Science Writing. In cial issues that focused on broad “Aging Genes,” Jennifer Couzin-Frankel examined the fierce topics like “Dealing With Data” and debate over the putative role of sirtuins in cellular aging, and “Synthetic Biology,” each inform- in “Mending the Youngest Hearts,” Gretchen Vogel described ing national discussions. Many progress with tissue-engineered blood vessels used to repair included rich online visualizations, malformed hearts in very young children. and one about “Population” was launched via Science’s Honors We Gave Out: Continuing its tradition of support for new iPad app, designed for such specialized topics. promising young scientists, Science awarded the 2011 Eppen- Military Releases Afghan Civilian Casualty Data to Science: For dorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology to Tiago Branco in recog- an exclusive News Focus story, the International Security As- nition of his work on cracking the “language of dendrites.” And, sistance Force (ISAF) released its database of civilian casualties the first genome-wide spatial map of the human genome— in Afghanistan to Science correspondent John Bohannon. This showing how the two-meter-long human genome can fold up database and an analysis by researchers revealed a picture of a inside the nucleus of a cell—earned Erez Lieberman Aiden the conflict that was growing deadlier for the Afghan population. GE & Science Prize for Young Life Scientists. A $25,000 cash prize accompanied both awards. Egyptian Science in the Spotlight: In a special News Focus section of the journal, award-winning news writer Andrew A method to observe individual atoms in an ultra-cold gas Lawler took a close look at the state of science in Egypt fol- as they transition from one quantum state to another won lowing the republic’s popular uprising and detailed what it the 2011 Newcomb Cleveland Prize, supported by Affyme- would take to raise Egyptian science to international levels. trix. And the Science Prize for Online Resources in Educa- tion (SPORE) competition came to a close in 2011 after Delving Into Mysteries: Starting with “Mysteries of the Cell” honoring 24 outstanding Web sites for their use of online in 2011, the Science news team kicked off a new, ongoing material in science education. series of articles that will periodically take aim at long- standing scientific questions. ScienceCareers: For the 11th year in a row, ScienceCareers published its ScienceNOW Expands Its Reach: More media outlets, includ- annual Top Employers Survey, this time ing the Boston Globe, Buffalo News and Wired.com, registered with a new podcast component. The for a free service that disseminates articles from ScienceNOW, career-oriented component of Science Science’s online, daily news service, for publication. also posted 14 special career ad fea- tures—showcases of job opportunities Honors We Brought In: Science was awarded the 2011 Commu- in various fields along with the skills nications Award from the American Society for Tropical Health needed to acquire such positions—that highlighted post-docs, and Hygiene in recognition of the journal’s coverage of global neuroscientists, careers in China and careers in Europe. health issues. This was the first time the award recognized a ScienceCareers also published a special booklet, entitled “body of work,” rather than a single article, for educating lay Finding Your Personal Job Chemistry.

science without borders 19 MEDIA AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

Cultivating public engagement with science’s advances is a critical endeavor. Global challenges require an under- standing of science. Our national well-being depends on support for science. Even personal health

decisions are made more wisely AAAS Family Science Days in Washington, D.C., included a series of engaging stage presentations that encouraged audience with an understanding of participation. science’s breakthroughs. AAAS amplifies and clarifies messages about the world of AAAS Annual Meeting Reaches Out With the theme of “Science Without Borders,” the 2011 science through its top-notch AAAS Annual Meeting brought together nearly 5,000 re- searchers, science policy experts and educators, who took Annual Meeting, online news part in a wide array of presentations and activities. These activities, awards and fellow- ranged from a discussion of the challenges of sustainably feeding the planet’s inhabitants in 2050, when our popula- ships for science journalists and tion is expected to hit 9 billion, to a machine that could research-informed public events. “print” new skin, one thin layer at a time, to treat wounds. More than one thousand U.S. and foreign newsroom reg- istrants also participated in the meeting, providing extensive international news coverage on the latest scientific progress and challenges. At the meeting’s Family Science Days, nearly 2,100 attendees of all ages were treated to various activi- ties, from making bouncing balls using polymers, to a dance performance exploring the evolution of life, to meeting and chatting with scientists about their work.

Supporting Science Journalism Broadly EurekAlert!, AAAS’s online news service, supplied breaking news to approximately 1 million unique online visitors each month, for a total of 1.5 million monthly visits. Some 8,600 registered science reporters and editors from 85 countries received a news package via e-mail to alert them each week to the latest breakthroughs from Science,

20 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Science Translational Medi- a science and engineering standpoint, can a mine proposed cine and Science Signaling to extract billions of tons of copper and gold be developed as well as hundreds of other in the region’s sensitive, earthquake-zoned environment sources on EurekAlert!. For without endangering its world-class wild salmon fishery its part, the online “SciPak,” and the communities that depend on it? or Science press package, At the 2011 AAAS Pacific Division meeting, Princess offered access to summaries Takabuti, an Egyptian mummy who dates back to about 700 of forthcoming research, B.C., was one of the stars. The meeting was held in conjunc- related photos, videos, audio tion with the 7th World Congress on Mummy Studies and recordings, background in- offered sixteen sessions on the science of mummies, from formation and opportunities DNA analysis to techniques for developing facial images to interview researchers. from mummified remains. The meeting offered a broad range In 2011, the Science public information team added of symposia beyond its focus on mummies, on topics such as Arabic-language translations of the top four news sum- tsunamis, Antarctic ice analysis, Fragile X Syndrome and the maries each week, supplementing existing translations ways in which music and the sciences intersect. in French, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. EurekAlert! The AAAS Caribbean Division worked with Haitian, helped sponsor the World Conference of Science Journal- Puerto Rican, Canadian, Rwandan and U.S. scientists, ists in Doha, Qatar, where Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO and engineers, educators and government leaders to develop executive publisher of Science, served as keynote speaker. a workable roadmap for science development in Haiti. For EurekAlert! also introduced a cancer research portal, live more information, see page 13. webcast coverage of the AAAS Annual Meeting, video interviews with researchers for the site’s Science Reporting Abelson Event on Alzheimer’s Research for Kids portal, and a new system to let news outlets such as the Washington Post, Wired.com and Huffington Post AAAS and the journal Science Translational Medicine invited republish ScienceNOW content. top experts in the field of Alzheimer’s disease to an April 2011 event intended to stimulate new thinking about the The 2011 EurekAlert! Fellowships for International Sci- condition and help speed medical advances. Researchers ence Reporters went to four reporters—from Argentina, spoke to a packed auditorium, offering insights on a disease Chile, China and Egypt—who received stipends to attend that is currently predicted to affect 16 million Americans the AAAS Annual Meeting. within 50 years. The event was named after the late Science Meanwhile, the AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards editor and AAAS senior adviser Philip Hauge Abelson. singled out stories on the use of genetic analysis to help save a boy with a life-threatening disease, on the potential impact of climate change in two places, and on the secret lives of scientists and engineers, to name a few of the winning topics picked by an independent panel of science journalists. Funded by The Kavli Foundation, the awards go to professional journalists for distinguished reporting for a general audience.

Engaging with the AAAS Divisions The 2011 AAAS Arctic Division meeting provided an im- portant forum for public debate, drawing more than 75 scientists, policymakers and others from the United States, Alzheimer’s researcher Richard Morimoto of Northwestern University Canada and Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula as well as 150 (left) confers with Melvin Simon of The Agouron Institute, which residents from Alaska’s Bristol Bay region. The topic? From supported the 2011 Philip Hauge Abelson Advancing Science event.

science without borders 21 ScienceCareers and AAAS MemberCentral

Offering support, networking and cutting-edge information to science professionals is one of the main objectives of AAAS. In 2011, ScienceCareers, published by the journal Science and AAAS, continued its mission of connecting qualified ScienceCareers in China scientists from all over the world ScienceCareers, published by the journal Science and with jobs in their fields. AAAS AAAS, connects qualified scientists with jobs in industry, academia and government. With more than 1.9 million page MemberCentral kept on with its impressions each month, ScienceCareers reaches a global audience and serves scientists at all stages of their careers. mission to inform and inspire Activities in 2011 included its first outreach events in China, the AAAS member community with presentations on the topic of job searching and profes- sional development at Fudan University, Peking University, with articles, podcasts and the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Sun videos of some of the latest Yat-sen University.

events in the science and Online Community at AAAS MemberCentral engineering world. Designed to benefit the 120,000+ members of AAAS and to encourage an exchange of ideas among science profession- als, the MemberCentral Web site added a number of new features in 2011, including extensive video coverage of the AAAS Annual Meeting and an evening of lectures by AAAS fellows Vinton Cerf, Lene Hau, James Tour, Alan Boss and Richard Potts on emerging trends in their fields.

More than 200 new videos, including lectures and panel discussions held at AAAS and interviews with AAAS mem- bers, were made available on the site, and 20 podcasts offered interviews with members about their work. Mem- berCentral also hosted four webinars—on engaging with the public on climate change, changes in science, technol- ogy, engineering and mathematics education, the future of NASA, and the history and philosophy of science.

22 AAAS Annual Report 2011 SPECIAL GIFTS 2011

Charitable contributions advance and expand AAAS efforts to speak up for science at this critical time for science and n, AAAS society. A record number of i ffk individuals made gifts to the ebecca Ri Flexible Action Fund in 2011. R ENTRY POINT! alumnus Schuyler Kaye

ENTRY POINT! Alumnus Gives Back opportunities within the program and, in turn, attract more Schuyler Kaye, an alumnus of AAAS’s ENTRY POINT! people with disabilities to science, technology, engineering program, has named the program and AAAS as the recipi- and mathematics fields. To learn about ENTRY POINT!, visit ent of charitable contributions from his new business, www.entrypoint.org. T4Execs. This decision reflects the importance of his ENTRY POINT! experiences in shaping his business model. Kaye Join the President’s Circle served as an ENTRY POINT! intern—participating in a The members of the President’s Circle are leaders in giving summer program for undergraduate and graduate science, to AAAS. Their contributions provide us with the flexibil- technology, engineering and mathematics students with ity to respond to emerging issues, to innovate with new apparent and non-apparent disabilities—at the National projects and programs that offer the promise of greater Science Foundation in 2000. In 2001, he took a second impact, and to lead global discussions that can help bring ENTRY POINT! post at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, about the integrated and collaborative science and tech- and in 2002, a third at NASA Langley Research Center. nology needed to respond to the challenges—like climate After graduating from New Mexico State University with change, energy, food security, access to clean water, global a bachelor of science degree in computer science and a health and economic development—facing society today. minor in mathematics, Kaye worked for Lockheed Martin. President’s Circle donors enjoy special benefits de- He also enrolled at Stanford University, where he earned signed to strengthen their participation in and knowledge a master’s degree in computer science. Kaye was then ac- of AAAS, including invitations to special events and activi- cepted in a highly competitive program at Lockheed Martin, ties throughout the year and regular updates from CEO working with top executives on advancing the overall func- Alan I. Leshner. tion, operation and visibility of corporate efforts. Later, he Visit www.aaas.org/go/presidents_circle to join. launched T4Execs based on his experiences with “reverse mentoring”—assisting executives with their online brand presence and other social media issues. The company’s Are you interested in helping AAAS speak up for first product, a social media training package, helps indi- science at this critical time? viduals actively shape their online reputation. Contact the Development Office at (202) 326-6636, The ENTRY POINT! program at AAAS provided Kaye with or [email protected], for information about planned opportunities to overcome the many barriers he once saw giving or establishing a special fund. in the world. Through his gifts, he hopes to create more

science without borders 23 AAAS AWARDS AND PRIZES

The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers and journalists. We congratulate each 2011 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award Winners were honored in Vancouver, B.C. of our distinguished winners. Daniel Colón-Ramos AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science The AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science, established in Shirley Ann Jackson 2010 through the generosity of AAAS donors, AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize recognizes early-career scientists and The prize honors a public servant for engineers who demonstrate excellence in sustained exceptional contributions to their contribution to public engagement with advancing science or a scientist or engi- science activities. neer who has been distinguished both Dr. Daniel Colón-Ramos was selected for his commitment for scientific achievement and service to as an early-career scientist eager to share his enthusiasm the scientific community. for science while simultaneously pursuing a competitive Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson was selected research career. on the basis of her extraordinary leadership of and contributions to the scientific community, government, Nalini M. Nadkarni universities, industries and future generations of science AAAS Award for Public Engagement with Science and engineering professionals. Formerly the AAAS Award for Public Under- standing of Science and Technology, this prize J. David Jentsch, Edythe London & Dario Ringach recognizes working scientists and engineers AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility who make outstanding contributions to the The award honors scientists, engineers “popularization of science.” and their organizations whose exem- Dr. Nalini M. Nadkarni was chosen for plary actions, sometimes taken her unique, persistent and innovative public at significant personal cost, have engagement activities that have served to raise awareness served to foster scientific freedom of environmental and conservation issues with a broad and and responsibility. exceedingly diverse audience. Drs. J. David Jentsch, Edythe London and Dario Ringach were honored for Rory A. Cooper their strong defense of the value of the AAAS Mentor Award use of animals in research, and their The award honors early- or mid-career AAAS rare courage and refusal to remain members who have mentored significant silent in the face of intimidation from numbers of students from underrepresented animal rights extremists. groups or who have changed the climate of a department, college or institution to sig- nificantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. Dr. Rory A. Cooper was recognized for his dedication and successful efforts to increase the number of women and persons with disabilities with Ph.D.s in rehabilitation science.

24 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Bobby L. Wilson AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prizes for Excellence in AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement Science Books The award honors AAAS members who, for 25 years or more, Sponsored by Subaru of America, Inc., these prizes celebrate have mentored significant numbers of students from underrep- outstanding science writing and illustration for children and resented groups or who have changed the climate of a depart- young adults. ment, college, institution or field to significantly increase the Children’s Science Picture Book diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies Joan Dunning, Author and Illustrator in the sciences. Seabird in the Forest: The Mystery of the Marbled Murrelet Dr. Bobby L. Wilson was chosen for his (Boyds Mills Press) extraordinary efforts to significantly increase the number of African Americans in the Ph.D. Middle Grades Science Book chemistry and environmental toxicology Sandra Markle, Author workforce. The Case of the Vanishing Golden Frog (Millbrook Press) Young Adult Science Book AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize Thor Hanson, Author Supported by Affymetrix Feathers (Basic Books) The prize acknowledges an outstanding paper Lifetime Achievement Award for Hands-on published in the Articles, Research Articles or Reports Science Writing sections of Science. Vicki Cobb Waseem S. Bakr, Amy Peng, M. Eric Tai, Ruichao Ma, Jonathan Simon, Jonathon Isaiah Gillen, Simon Fölling, Lode Pollet and Markus Greiner were recognized for the research article “Probing the Superfluid-to-Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level,” published in Science 30 July 2010, pp. 547-550.

AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards These awards, endowed by Fred Kavli and The Kavli Foundation, recognize excellence in reporting for a general audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering and mathematics.

Large Newspaper—Mark Johnson and Kathleen Gallagher, Journal Sentinel, Milwaukee Small Newspaper—Christine­ Peterson, Kerry Huller and Wes Watson, Casper Star-Tribune Magazine—Adam Rogers, Wired Television Spot News/Feature Reporting— Rachel Silverman, Craig Miller, Lindsay Kelliher, Linda Peckham, Science Journalism Award winners and others, celebrating at the Amy Miller and Paul Rogers, KQED QUEST/Climate Watch AAAS Annual Meeting. Television In-Depth Reporting—Richard Burke-Ward, Robert Strange, Callum Macrae, Stuart Carter and Howard Swartz, WGBH/NOVA and Mark J. Davis, National Geographic Channel Radio—Gabriel Spitzer, with Michael De Bonis, WBEZ Chicago Online—Joshua Seftel, Tom Miller, Susan K. Lewis and Lauren Aguirre, PBS NOVA Online Children’s Science News—Jeanne Miller, ODYSSEY

science without borders 25 AAAS FELLOWS Barry A. Costa-Pierce Anastasios Melis Joseph B. Williams AAAS Fellows are elected annually by Quentin C.B. Cronk Anthony F. Michaels Scott M. Williams Bryan Cullen Robert L. Modlin Ned S. Wingreen the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts Sandra Joanne Jason H. Moore Yue Xiong Friezner Degen James V. Moroney Tian Xu to advance science or its applications. Chuxia Deng Trudy G. Morrison Craig M. Young Fellows have made significant Carmen W. Dessauer Sean Munro Barry R. Zirkin David L. Dilcher Richard M. Myers contributions in areas such as research, Michael Doebeli Prakash S. Nagarkatti CHEMISTRY Henrik G. Dohlman Peter L. Nara Steven A. Adelman teaching, technology, services to Chen Dong Neil M. Nathanson S. Michael Angel Xinnian Dong Alexandra C. Newton Zlatko Baˇci´c professional societies and the Andrew P. Feinberg Diana E. Northup Nathan A. Baker Patricia L. Foster Douglas L. Oliver Alan L. Balch communication of science to the public. Nigel W. Fraser Guillermo Oliver Peter A. Beal Robert J. Full George A. O’Toole Darryl J. Bornhop The following members, presented by Mariano A. Garcia- Fernando Pardo Kit Hansell Bowen, Jr. Blanco Manuel de Villena Laurie J. Butler Section affiliation, were elected Fellows Susan P. Gilbert Margaret A. Susan Beda Butts William E. Goldman Pericak-Vance Heather A. Carlson in fall 2011. AAAS congratulates them Byron Goldstein Caroline C. Philpott Carl J. Carrano Daphne R. Goring Kevin W. Plaxco Joseph A. Caruso and thanks them for their services to Kathleen L. Gould Jeffrey W. Pollard Daniel T. Chiu Bryan T. Grenfell James W. Posakony David E. Clemmer science and technology. Jun-Lin Guan John R. Pringle William J. Cooper Gretchen Hagen Nancy Raab-Traub Brian R. Crane Heidi Elizabeth Hamm David M. Rand Frederick Dahlquist AGRICULTURE, Vernon Lee Antonio Busalacchi Min Han Steven M. Reppert John M. Denu FOOD & RENEWABLE Scarborough J. David Neelin Dolph Lee Hatfield Karin D. Rodland David M. Dooley RESOURCES Michael Silverstein Konrad Steffen Bradford A. Hawkins Claudina Rodrigues- Antonio Facchetti Martha Ann Belury Dawnie Wolfe William G. Sunda Kenneth F. Haynes Pousada Thomas E. Besser Steadman James M. Farrar Pieter P. Tans Sheng Yang He Michael J. Ryan Daniel R. Bush Chris Stringer Ellen R. Fisher Robert A. Weller Xi He David E. Salt Z. Jeffrey Chen Robert H. Tykot Daniel R. Gamelin Eliot Herman Federico Sánchez Lynda M. Ciuffetti Virginia J. Vitzthum BIOLOGICAL Kent S. Gates George C. Hill Richard T. Sayre Consuelo M. Carol Marie Worthman SCIENCES Karen I. Goldberg Stephen W. Scherer De Moraes Christoph C.H. Adami Gregg A. Howe John C. Gordon Jack C. Schultz Gerald E. Edwards ASTRONOMY Jon Ågren Michael J. Imperiale Arunava Gupta Jeff Sekelsky Catherine Feuillet Lars Bildsten Brian Alters Tadashi Inagami Michael M. Haley Thomas D. Sharkey Edward Allen Megan Donahue Richard M. Amasino William R. Jacobs, Jr. Benjamin S. Hsiao Amanda A. Simcox Foegeding Debra Meloy Jonathan Arnold Bhanu P. Jena Russell P. Hughes Patricia Simpson Fred Gould Elmegreen Motoyuki Ashikari Sue Jinks-Robertson Joseph T. Hupp Maureen L. Stanton Bingru Huang Giuseppina (Pepi) Ruma Banerjee Hideko Kaji Brent Iverson Fabbiano William T. Starmer Louise E. Jackson Brian McRae Barnes Daniel P. Kiehart Cynthia J. Jenks Chryssa Kouveliotou John D. Storey Michael R. Ladisch Carl Bauer Thomas D. Kocher Richard F. Jordan Chung-Pei Ma F. Robert Tabita Rui Hai Liu Graeme I. Bell Nori Kurata Alamgir Karim John C. Mather Andrew T.C. Tsin Lena Q. Ma George N. Bennett Gary A. Lamberti Jaqueline L. Kiplinger Robert David Mathieu Larry N. Vanderhoef David J. Mackill Louis Bernatchez Min Li Lukasz Lebioda Sara Seager Matthew K. Waldor Gregory D. May David M. Bisaro Karen R. Lips George W. Luther III Kristen Sellgren Cheryl Lyn Walker Stephen G. Pallardy David Boettiger Jennifer K. Lodge Anne B. McCoy Krzysztof Z. Stanek Angela Carl A. Pinkert Richard G. Brennan Richard L. Maas Scott J. Miller Martin White Wandinger-Ness B.W. Poovaiah Judith Campisi Nancy S. Magnuson Nancy S. Mills Ernst K. Zinner Gary A. Weisman Steven R. Rodermel P. Bryant Chase Donal T. Manahan Timothy K. Minton Lois S. Weisman Guy Smagghe Edward M. Marcotte Karl T. Mueller ATMOSPHERIC AND Jiquan Chen Kelly Edward Mayo James B. Whitfield HYDROSPHERIC Xuemei Chen Balaji Narasimhan ANTHROPOLOGY Thomas G. Whitham SCIENCES Scott L. Collins W. Richard McCombie Joseph M. O’Connor Leslea J. Hlusko Michael C. Whitlock E. Virginia Armbrust Duane A. Compton Sheila McCormick Peter J. Ortoleva Peter Neal Peregrine Gerald S. Wilkinson Anthony J. Broccoli Jeffrey Conner Michael D. McMullen Kirk A. Peterson

26 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Piotr Piecuch Robert J. Butera GEOLOGY & MATHEMATICS Michael Frotscher Steven Lloyd Rolston Prasad L. Polavarapu C. Barry Carter GEOGRAPHY Mark S. Alber Anthony A. Grace Michael Schick T. V. RajanBabu Sanjeev Chandra John T. Andrews Ingrid Daubechies Michael E. Hasselmo Lu Jeu Sham Bruce H. Robinson Srinivasan Huiming Bao Mark L. Green Steven E. Hyman Elizabeth Simmons Jeanne M. Robinson Chandrasekar Edward J. Brook Claudia Neuhauser Bruce T. Lamb Pekka Sinervo Robin D. Rogers Ni-Bin Chang Robert W. Richard A. Tapia Diane Lipscombe Peter W. Stephens Sandra J. Rosenthal Rama Chellappa Buddemeier Roger Temam Stuart A. Lipton George F. Sterman Michael J. Sailor Vikram L. Dalal Gary R. Byerly Liqun Luo Robert L. Sugar Karl A. Scheidt Pablo G. Debenedetti Martin B. Goldhaber MEDICAL SCIENCES Enrico Mugnaini Raman Sundrum Ben Shen Debasish Dutta Daniel A. Griffith Adriano Aguzzi Sarah L. Pallas Mauricio Terrones Mary Jane Shultz Suzanne Fortier Jennifer W. Harden Jayakrishna Ambati Gregory J. Quirk Ram K. Tripathi Alan J. Shusterman Benny Dean Freeman Lloyd D. Keigwin, Jr. Brenda L. Bass James B. Ranck, Jr. John D. Weeks Matthew S. Sigman Suresh V. Garimella John A. Kelmelis Elaine L. Bearer Lorna W. Role William A. Zajc Claudia Turro Andrew Avi Arthur N. Palmer Thomas L. Benjamin Roderick A. Suthers Wilfred A. Goldenberg Peter A. Rogerson Nancy J. Brown Matthew A. Wilson PSYCHOLOGY van der Donk Yogi D. Goswami C.K. Shum Sally A. Camper Kent Charles Berridge Robert A. Walker Rajiv Gupta Lisa Tauxe Christin Carter-Su PHARMACEUTICAL Sandra Blakeslee SCIENCES Nils G. Walter Joseph P. Heremans Ellen Wright Clayton Rosemarie M. Booze HISTORY & Yinsheng Wang K. Jimmy Hsia Carlo M. Croce Peter J. Houghton Dante Cicchetti PHILOSOPHY OF Yingbo Hua Margaret O. James Steve W. Cole Michael D. Ward SCIENCE Michael R. DeBaun Chrys Wesdemiotis Michael M. Khonsari Mark R. Denison Donald P. McDonnell Mary Anne Fitzpatrick Steven J. Dick Henry S. White Lee Rybeck Lynd Eleftherios P. John C. Reed David Cyril Geary W. Patrick McCray M. Christina White Antonios G. Mikos Diamandis Danny D. Shen Judith F. Kroll Carolyn Merchant Sarah A. Woodson Larry Akio Nagahara Linda C. Giudice Patrick J. Sinko Daniel J. Levitin Helga Nowotny X. Nancy Xu Chul Park Keith W. Kelley Jashvant D. Unadkat Alan C. Spector Rosemary Stevens Michael J. Zaworotko Bhakta B. Rath Michael M. Lederman Mary K. Wolpert- Joseph Edward DeFilippes Dongping Zhong Lakshmi N. Reddi INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE Beth Levine Steinmetz Yun Yen Ruhong Zhou William B. Russel & TECHNOLOGY Xiaoxia Li Richard E. Tremblay Dorothy Zolandz Michael Vivian Sefton Malcolm J. Low Zuoxin Wang Quanxi Jia PHYSICS Michael L. Simpson Philippa Marrack Harald Ade SOCIAL, ECONOMIC DENTISTRY & ORAL Tarunraj Singh INFORMATION Ruslan Medzhitov HEALTH SCIENCES Alexander V. Balatsky & POLITICAL Alexander J. Smits COMPUTING & Gordon B. Mills COMMUNICATION Albert-László SCIENCES Francesco Chiappelli Randall Q. Snurr Josef Penninger Barabási Myron P. Gutmann Rena N. D’Souza Vijay Srinivasan Behnaam Aazhang Stanley Perlman Jerzy Bernholc John R. Hibbing Paul H. Krebsbach Paul G. Steffes Martín Abadi Jeffrey E. Pessin Theodore W. Bowyer Sally T. Hillsman James E. Melvin Michael Tsapatsis David A. Bader Richard George Samuel Leon Mathew D. Cun-Yu Wang Luiz André Barroso Pestell Darrell Velegol Braunstein McCubbins Richard E. Waugh Katy Börner Paula Pitha-Rowe EDUCATION R. Sekhar Chivukula Randolph Roth Allan Borodin Scott A. Rivkees Alan E. Willner Margaret Richard H. Steckel Fouad Abd-El-Khalick José A.B. Fortes Marjorie Robert- Moe Z. Win Dobrowolska Paula Stephan Barbara A. Crawford James Hendler Guroff Karl Dane Wittrup George William Foster Kent J. Crippen Alan R. Hevner John J. Rossi William W-G. Yeh Jacek K. Furdyna SOCIETAL IMPACTS Judith A. Dilts Randy H. Katz Steven J. Schiff R. Paul Young Efim Gluskin OF SCIENCE & Joan Ferrini-Mundy Joseph A. Konstan Deepak Srivastava ENGINEERING Paul K.L. Yu Alan J. Heeger Beverly Lindsay John E. Laird James H. Strauss Daniel M. Kammen Hussein M. Zbib Tin-Lun (Jason) Ho Karen Kashmanian Hector J. Levesque Robert M. Strieter Dena Plemmons Kemin Zhou Jainendra K. Jain Oates Michael R. Nelson Joseph R. Testa Tobin L. Smith Mengchu Zhou Bobby R. Junker Jonathan A. Plucker Krishna V. Palem Denisa D. Wagner Shiv N. Khanna Christian Dieter GENERAL INTEREST Jon M. Peha Mark A. Wainberg STATISTICS Schunn Young-Kee Kim IN SCIENCE & Martha E. Pollack David B. Weiner George Casella Michelle Miller ENGINEERING Raymond Laflamme Stuart Russell Jane Y. Wu Dipak K. Dey Sulikowski Daniel Perry Lathrop Lawrence Bell Subhash Suri Dihua Yu Robert E. Fay Molly H. Weinburgh Ramon E. Lopez Mary Eileen Burke Paul F. Uhlir Susan Zolla-Pazner Wing Kam Fung Alfred Z. Msezane Gary G. DeLeo Jeffrey Voas Miguel A. Hernán ENGINEERING Jeffrey S. Nico David D. Herring NEUROSCIENCE Joan F. Hilton Ali Adibi Jaan Noolandi James P. O’Brien LINGUISTICS & Ben A. Barres André I. Khuri Suresh K. Aggarwal Philip A. Pincus Robert F. Phalen LANGUAGE SCIENCE Nancy M. Bonini Sastry G. Pantula Muhammad A. Alam Cedric J. Powell Katherine E. Rowan Peter W. Culicover Catherine Emily Carr Xiaotong Shen Pedro J.J. Alvarez Apparao M. Rao Kris M. Wilson John J. Ohala Bruce D. Carter George W. Williams Panos Antsaklis Laura Reina Carol Padden Barry W. Connors A. Terry Bahill Gertrude Fleming Marie T. Filbin Rashid Bashir Rempfer Stuart Firestein Wesley R. Burghardt Lee L. Riedinger

science without borders 27 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our efforts to advance science in the service of society and supported new activities in 2011.

Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous donors — individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS. Philip H. & Neva Abelson† Caryl & Edna Haskins† Edith D. Neimark David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw Esther Hoffman Beller† Fred Kavli The Roger & Ellen Revelle Family Thomas Whital Stern† Sibyl R. Golden Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.† Edgar J. Saltsman† Martin L. & Rose Wachtel† William T. Golden† Alan I. & Agnes Leshner

Decade Club The Decade Club recognizes individuals who have supported AAAS for ten or more consecutive years.

Jean Beard Charles S. Faulkner II Michael M. Kaback Peter O’Donnell, Jr. James Stolzenbach Leslie Z. Benet Craig & Alison Fields Rodger & Doris Ketcham Allison R. Palmer F. William Studier John G. Bieri Frank W. Fitch Rodney M. Krich Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Joan C. Suit Phillip L. Blair Robert C. Forney Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Ralph H. Petrucci Donald A. Swanson C. John Blankley Helen L. Foster Philip Lichtenberg Ranard J. Pickering Morgan C. Sze Herbert Blumenthal Joseph G. Gall John H. Litchfield Norman E. Prather Maury Tigner Charles S. Brown David M. Gates Lars Ljungdahl Rex F. Pratt Thomas K. Toyama Kathleen O. Brown Mark L. Gilberstadt Barbara Lozar Edward R. Rang Charles P. Wales Dennis E. Buetow Edward W. Glazener Ichiro Miyagawa Lester J. Reed Henry & Doris Walter Jean B. Burnett Sarah B. Glickenhaus Robert L. Molinari Juan G. Roederer Emmerson Ward Michael J. Calderwood Joshua N. Goldberg Angelyn & Kevin Moore Kenneth L. Rose Frank W. Warner III Nathaniel Chafee Albert E. Goss David W. Moreland Robert Rosenthal Milton W. Weller Robert C. Cowen Albert L. Hale Patricia H. Moyer Melvin Ross Robert D. Westfall Richard H. Cox Daniel A. Hamlin Peter B. Myers Andrew M. Sessler Gary R. White Bruce H. Dana James E. Hammerberg Walter L. & JoAnn M. Nelson Richard B. Setlow Clayton A. Wiley Robin L. Dennis Franklin M. Harold Robert A. Nilan Emma Shelton Robert E. Yager Paul M. Densen George John Christer E. Nordman Mary Jane C. Showers Armon F. Yanders Joseph R. DiPalma Howard L. Jones Marie U. Nylen Robertson Stevens Charles Yanofsky

President’s Circle Individuals who made significant pledges and contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2011 are highlighted here as part of the President’s Circle, an initiative to recognize our top donors each year. $100,000 and above $10,000 - $24,999 Randal J. Kirk James F. Crow Beth A. Rosner Nancy Macko Michael W. Hunkapiller Warren B. Weisberg Fred Kavli Julia Butters Woody & Lyn Savage in Linda P.B. Katehi Charles M. Weiss Margaret A. Hamburg honor of John Marean George W. Kunkel Fernando J. Zúñiga y Rivero $50,000 - $99,999 Claire Perry Phillip A. & Ann H. Sharp Cherry A. Murray David E. Shaw & Norman & $1,000 - $2,499 Beth Kobliner Shaw $5,000 - $9,999 Georgine Neureiter $2,500 - $4,999 Anonymous (2) Anonymous (2) Stephen M. Olin Charles W. Axten George E. Arnstein $25,000 - $49,999 Kavita Berger Simon Ramo Gary K. Beauchamp Janet J. Asimov Alice S. Huang & Phillip L. Blair John S. Reed Floyd E. Bloom Nicholas A. Begovich David Baltimore Chet & Marie Britten Charles M. Rice III Lucio Chiaraviglio Jerry A. Bell Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Gregory S. & Stephen Roper & Jeffrey A. Cooper Henry A. Bent Marcella Ferriss Nirupa Chaudhari

† 28 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Deceased Hans Bergstrom William A. Hagins Andrew M. Sessler Peter Boyer Xiang D. Fu Will B. & Hans Hasche-Kluender Nobumichi Shimizu Victor P. Bradford James M. Furukawa Margaret M. Betchart Arthur F. Hebard Frank V. Sica Richard Brandshaft Dell Fystrom Erich Bloch Donald E. Henson Richard B. Silverman Lewis Branscomb Charles G. Gaines Fred A. Blum John E. Hiatt Andrew D. Sinauer Leland W. Briggle David Garvin Carla Blumberg Douglas L. Hintzman Edward S. Spoerl Steven Brock Frederick R. Gehlbach Sarane T. Bowen Marvin Hoffenberg Allan C. Spradling Joan E. Brooks & Michael A. Gibson John Brademas George W. Holbrook Peter J. Stang James I. Garrels Henry Ginsberg Monica M. & William F. Holmes Mary Ann Stepp Kathleen O. Brown Robert J. Glaser E. James Bradford Gordon R. Hough Barbara Stiefel Harold E. Burkhart Jeffrey L. Glassroth Andrew L. Brill Joan M. Hutchins Judy Swanson Peter Byers Kim L. Graham Jean B. Burnett John E. Irsak John Urquhart George F. Cahill, Jr. M. R. C. Greenwood A. S. Cargill Irwin & Joan Jacobs Dan Vickery William J. Canady Irene Greif & Albert Meyer Carlton M. Caves Phyllis E. Johnson Bailus Walker, Jr. Lewis Cantley Samuel Gubins Vinton G. Cerf Junichi Kawada Jui H. Wang Lloyd F. Chase James E. Hagstrom Nathaniel Chafee Paul H. Klingbiel Thomas E. Wellems Tom D. Y. Chin Alfred W. Hales Victor T. Chang Nancy Knowlton & Corwith C. White Christine S. Chow David & Andrew Chong Jeremy Jackson Richard B. Wolf Robert W. Christy Beatrix A. Hamburg Maarten J. Chrispeels Samson A. Jenekhe Bruce W. Worster Helena L. Chum Carl Hansen Daryl E. Chubin Edward N. Krapels Oran R. Young James S. Clegg Fernand A. Hayot Kathleen K. Church Peter Kunstadter Hezekiah E. Zeiber Stella M. Coakley Siegfried S. Hecker Charles W. Clark Jeff Lawrence George G. Cocks Liz Hedstrom Eloise E. Clark Pauline P. Lee $500 - $999 Edward H. Coe, Jr. Mark Heising Marshall P. Cloyd S. David Leonard J. John Cohen T. Bain Henderson John D. Aach Mary E. Clutter Lawrence D. Longo Stirling A. Colgate Susan J. Henning Sam H. Adams, Jr. George Cogan Carol B. Lynch Clifton Cooksey Thomas L. Henson Ernest Z. Adelman Barry S. & Bobbi Coller Craig Malbon Jonathan C. Coopersmith Peter K. Hepler Edwin J. Adlerman R. John Collier J. David Malone Edmund A. C. Crouch John E. Herp Gillian M. Air Donald G. Comb Gregg Mamikunian Pradip K. Das Charles Hesdorffer Kenneth R. Alexander Michael J. Comb David H. Marlowe Jean E. de Valpine Ralph Hillman James M. Anderson James D. Cox J. Howard Marshall III David H. de Weese & Daniel Hogan Ronald J. Angel Roy Curtiss III Richard J. Massey Anne C. Heller Jacquelyn Hoke John C. Angus William H. Danforth Gregory P. Meisner Catherine D. DeAngelis Raymond W. Holton Anonymous (12) Troy E. Daniels John T. Melson Hans G. Dehmelt Keelung Hong Kenneth B. Armitage Jeffrey S. Dean Richard A. Meserve Robert J. DeLap Owen M. Hubbard Karen Artzt George E. DeBoer Ernest J. Moniz Margaret Dewolf Mien-Chie Hung Arthur K. & Terence Dulin Gordon E. & Betty I. Moore John J. Deyst, Jr. J. Stuart Hunter Carolyn H. Asbury Henry L. Ehrlich William A. Murphy, Jr. Charles C. Dickinson III David W. Ignat Diola Bagayoko Vincent A. Elder Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Richard D. Drake Nina G. Jablonski Jose R. Bahena Gerald L. Epstein Gilbert S. Omenn & Jaquelin P. Dudley Robert L. Jackson D. James Baker Federico Faggin Martha A. Darling Lawrence K. Duffy John H. Jacobsen Mary C. Barber Mary C. Farach-Carson Carolyn L. Orthner Loyal & Bernice Durand Neil H. Jacoby, Jr. Paul A. Bartlett Nina V. Fedoroff Claire L. Parkinson James W. Edlund Karen S. Jakes Roger N. Beachy John F. Finerty Joseph G. Perpich & Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Yishi Jin Henry F. & Robert C. Forney Cathy Sulzberger Charles W. Eigenbrot, Jr. Christine S. Beechhold Irving S. & Paul J. Friedman William H. Press Orlando T. Espadas Alwyn N. Johnson Steven C. Beering John C. Fuhr David A. Randolph Victor S. Fang Dale Kagan & Albert S. Bendelac Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Edward K. Rice Gillian M. Fenton Elyse Rosenstein Paul Berg Charles C. Gillispie Jo Ellen & Mark Roseman Craig & Alison Fields Elaine Kant Margaret B. Binette Eli Glatstein Robert Rosenthal Eric Firing Valerie F. Kaplan Andrew E. Birner Sarah B. Glickenhaus Sue V. Rosser Charles J. Flora Brian D. Keith & Robert J. Blendon M. Celeste Simon Howard Gobstein Arnold Roy Samuel C. Florman Robert B. Blizard James M. Kendall Christopher Gocke Melanie Royce Richard M. Forester Stuart Bondurant Donald Kennedy Mary L. Good Rainer K. Schaaf John & Mary Frantz Francis T. Bonner David E. Kerley Jeffrey C. Gore Thomas C. Schelling Hans Frauenfelder Adele L. Boskey H. Greely George F. Schnack Joel M. Friedman Edward M. Boughton Michael Scott †Deceased science without borders 29 John G. King Douglas S. Massey Thomas S. Parsons Saul Silverstein Leon Trilling Edward J. Kormondy Kathleen & Edward E. Penhoet Joseph V. Simone Alvin W. Trivelpiece John S. Kovach Randall Matthews Ralph H. Petrucci Bruce M. Simonson Michael S. Turner Edward F. Labuda Robert Maurer Jeffrey W. Pferd Henry B. Sinclair Eroboghene E. Ubogu Bruce L. Larson James J. & Daniel Pinkel Jack W. Sites, Jr. Daniel C. Upp M. Suzanne McCarthy Victor W. Laurie Hugh Popenoe Judson Somerville Ari van Tienhoven Jason S. McLachlan David R. Lay John Ware Poston, Sr. Steven L. Solomon William Velick Mark F. Meier Gerald & Phyllis LeBoff David F. Preston George C. & Emily V. Wade David Meinke Catherine & George Ledec Roger K. Rains Maradel B. Sonnichsen Donald J. Waters R. M. Menegaz-Bock Leo Lefrancois Stephen Rayport John K. Spitznagel Dallas E. Weaver Thomas R. Mertens Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman Thomas C. Rindfleisch Mary C. St. John Kenneth L. Webb Ronald D. Miller William A. Lester, Jr. Frederick H. Rindge David G. Stahl John D. Weinland O. Eugene Millhouse Richard A. Levinson Neil Risch Juli Staiano & Milton W. Weller Don S. Miyada Marc Washington Daniel J. Lew Michael S. Robertson Jodi L. Wesemann Stewart Lee Moses Peter F. Stevens Philip Lichtenberg Cynthia R. Robinson Clayton A. Wiley Carl F. Nathan Pamela E. Stewart Jerry B. Lingrel Juan G. Roederer James D. Willett Joaquim Neto Mark F. Stinski Jane Lubchenco Antonio H. Romano Bruce B. Williams Owen J. Newlin Michael P. Stone John Lummis Bernard Ross John P. Williams Concepcion R. Nierras Richard C. Stroh Allan J. Lundeen Thomas A. & John S. & Judith H. Willis Ronald P. Nordgren F. William Studier Lorenz C. Magaard Bonnie M. Rosse Philip J. & Carolyn Wyatt Jerrold G. Norton Nelson Svegel Artur Mager William D. Ruckelshaus Armon F. Yanders Lee Oeth Donald A. Swanson Suzanne M. Mahoney P. Jackson Schad Chung S. Yang George N. & Martha Oetzel Richard M. Swanson John C. Makemson Sara L. Schupf Charles Yanofsky Robert E. Palmer & William A. Thomas Shirley & Horace Malcom Steven Shak Charles M. & Merryl S. Zegar Mary Christman Alvin V. Tollestrup Jed B. Marti Charles J. Sherr Kang Zhang John M. Palms Sam Z. Toma Thomas V. Martin Jean’ne M. Shreeve Vivian Pan William P. Tompkins Samuel L. Maslak Stephen Vekkerdy Sikes

We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions of $100 or more:

$250 - $499 Nirendra Biswas Martin A. Cheever Drew Edell Mary K. Gaillard Meredith Blackwell Jon C. Clardy Roger Eichhorn S. Raymond Gambino J. Scott Abercrombie C. John Blankley Dale K. Colyer Franco Einaudi Michael E. Gellert Cyrus H. Adams Felix H. Boehm James K. Coward Howard J. Eisen Sandra J. Gendler Heman P. Adams David W. Bolen Richard H. Cox Robert N. Eisenman Jean C. George Philip D. Aines Philip K. Bondy Gwyneth Cravens Vincent A. Elder P. Roger Gillette Gordon Aitken John G. Bordie Peter A. Crozier Eldon D. Enger Janet R. Gilsdorf Nancy W. Alcock Milton J. Boyd Laurence W. Curtis John W. English Kenneth Gobalet S. H. George Allen Rick Bradford Gregory Cybul Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. Robert G. Goelet Larry J. Anderson Michael Bradie Herbert A. David Sandra M. Faber David E. Golan Albert L. A’Neals Nyle C. Brady Jackson Davis David W. Faris Alfred L. Goldberg Anonymous (9) Rubin Braunstein Igor Dawid William E. Farrell John T. Gosling Samuel Aronson Richard G. Brennan David S. Dayton Allison F. Fentiman Albert E. & Mary E. W. Goss Ann E. Aulabaugh Frederick A. Briggs Steve J. Demuth James P. Ferris Paul R. Goudy Alain Balland William F. Brinkman Robin L. Dennis Thomas H. Finlay William C. Graustein James E. Banta Eric J. Brown Darryl C. DeVivo J. D. Fleming, Jr. Samuel Gubins Franklin H. Barnwell Robert W. Bundtzen Bruce L. Dietrich James L. Foght Rebecca A. Haberman Jean Beard Mary F. Burke Abraham I. & Lysia S. Forno Robert B. Hall Nathan Becker Donald L. Burkholder Marianna Dranetz Stephen P. Fortmann Franklin M. Harold Harvey E. Belkin Ronald G. Burns Arthur K. Dunlop Arthur C. Fox Donald Harrington Anatole Besarab Shaun T. Case Melvyn Dutton Bruce H. Frank Glen A. Harris, Jr. Joseph P. Bevak Winslow S. Caughey Elizabeth D. Earle Joseph Frankel Roy M. Havenhill William C. Bianchi Gary L. Cecchini Felton Earls Terry R. Freund Bruce Hawkins Herman Birch Walter J. Chazin Douglas P. Easton Fred H. Gage Evan B. Hazard †Deceased

30 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Alan J. Heeger Chris L. McAuliffe James C. Register III Warren M. Washington Frederick Antosz Holliday C. Heine Douglas J. McIntosh Minocher C. Reporter Mark E. Weaver Mohammed Anwer Marye Priscilla Hele Marla S. McIntosh Millard Lee Rice Alfons Weber Evan H. Appelman Donald H. Henley Glenn D. McNeill Theodore G. Roberts Luiz Weksler Naoko Arai James C. Hogan, Jr. James E. Melvin H. Thomas Robertson Irwin Welber Michael W. Arenton Robert L. Hoguet III John R. Menninger Maxine L. Rockoff Allen West Frank M. Armbrecht, Jr. Frank Hole Alan H. Meyer Lee F. Rogers Peter Westfall Edward M. Arnett Stuart Horling John S. Meyer Thomas P. Rohlen Irvin L. White Dolores Arond & Warren Felt David & Barbara Houghton Sally D. Slowman Middleton Gregory J. Ronan Stanley A. White Vadim Asadov Larry B. Howard Mortimer Mishkin Steven Rosenberg Vincent Wickwar Yukio Asato Sheila S. Jasanoff Ichiro Miyagawa David I. Salant John A. Widness Arnold C. Ashcraft Gary Jason Heather Miyagi Richard H. Sands James G. Wiener Laurence D. Ashley Thomas W. Jeffries William C. Mobley Gary E. Sanger Alexander H. Williams Balasubramania H. Athreya James E. Jewell Karen Mohlke M. Philip & David S. Williams David R. Atkinson John R. Kane N. Christine Molina Myriam P. Sarachik Ellen D. Williams David Atlas Bettie F. Kehrt Robert L. Molinari Tamiko Sato Joseph G. Wirth Alfred E. Attard Michael A. Keller Jean I. Montagu Alfred P. Sattelberger Ernest Wood Alan Attie Roger & Doris Ketcham John A. Moyer James E. Seely Robert E. Yager William S. Augerson Miles V. Klein Edward C. Mozley Earl H. Sexton William Yuh Hannah L. Aurbach Matthew Kohanek Kate Murashige Eric M. Shank Anthony L. Zane Elaine S. & Richard A. Avner Rajiv Kohli Ferdinando Mussa-Ivaldi Carleton B. Shay Tien Y. Zhao David S. & Kathleen N. Ayres Shohei Koide Koji Nakanishi Emma Shelton Harold Babb Conan Kornetsky Venkatesh Narayanamurti Kenneth D. Sherrell $100 - $249 Jocelyne Bachevalier Edward A. Kravitz James W. Neel Zach Simard Elwood B. Backensto James S. Aagaard Robert A. Kreber Walter L. & JoAnn M. Nelson Charles A. Simenstad Patricia Backlar Ernest C. Adams Theodore G. Krontiris Richard A. Newmark Eugene B. Skolnikoff Thomas A. Badgwell Jill P. Adler Catherine Kuchta-Helbling D. Scott Nickerson James L. Smith Stanley Bailis Donald J. Adrian Philip R. Landon John E. Niederhuber Stewart E. Smith Kevin H. Baines Mihran S. Agbabian Earl B. Lane Ernst F. Niedermeyer W. R. Smith-Vaniz Mary Ann Baker Charles F. Agler Robert E. Lanou, Jr. John P. O’Connell Harry E. Snyder David P. Balamuth Lewis E. Agnew, Jr. George H. Lauff Jeffrey F. Oda Joel S. Spira Samuel F. Baldwin Leif A. Ahrens Charles A. Lawson Richard T. Oehrle Richard H. Stanton Berton E. Ballard Ingrid Akerblom Douglass B. Lee, Jr. Iwao Ojima Albert T. Steegmann, Jr. Richard H. Baltz Ramesh K. Akkina Cecil E. Leith Walter A. Orenstein Janet L. Stein Karen Bame Philip B. Allen Henri Lese June E. Osborn James Stolzenbach C. Kenneth Banks, Jr. Lizabeth A. Allison Howard Leventhal S. Paul Otsuka Edward C. Stone Ronald E. Banks Charles E. Alpers Charles A. Lewis, Jr. Lyman Page, Jr. Shepard B. Stone Victor Barber Daniel Alpert Peter R. Limburg Lee Y. Park Ursula B. Storb William A. Bardeen Norman J. Alvares Olga F. Linares Devra A. Parks Truman Storvick Ann Bardin Robert S. Alwitt John T. Lis James F. Patterson Roy F. Stratton John R. Barker Joseph Amann John H. Litchfield Charles Patton Haven C. Sweet William E. Barkley Margaret Amara Donald J. Lococo Stephen M. Pauley Susan H. Tam David H. Barlow Edward Anders Iris L. Long Glen Perry Pieter P. Tans Franklin L. Barnes, Jr. Bertin W. Anderson Norman W. Lord Betty L. Petrie Jeremy W. Thorner Harry G. Barnes Caroline J. Anderson Patricia C. Lorentzen Patricia E. Phelps Robert W. Thresher Lewis A. Barness Jacob W. Anderson R. Duncan Luce Herbert L. Pick, Jr. P. Tillier Jeremiah A. Barondess Linda M. Anderson Robert L. Lucke David B. Pisoni James W. Titus Monique Barrett Lloyd L. Anderson William B. Lyons Scott Plaetzer Aubrey C. Tobey Carl & Florence Bartels Paul M. Anderson Clifford K. Madsen William H. Plotkin Franklin H. Top, Jr. Edwin F. Bartholomew Weston Anderson Merritt C. Maduke Oscar F. Porter Thomas K. Toyama Andrzej Bartke Wyatt W. Anderson Mardi & Michael Maitland Charles H. Pritchard Francesco B. Trama Marcia F. Bartusiak David L. Andrews Gladys R. Maley Edward J. Quilligan Lodewik H. Vanmierop Thomas R. & Anonymous (41) David J. March Edward R. Rang W. James Waldman Johanna K. Baruch Rudi Ansbacher Thomas J. Marlowe Thomas Ranker Chun-Yeh Wang William A. Bassett Bradley C. Antanaitis Wallace R. McAllister Don D. Reeder William Bruce Warr J. B. Bassingthwaighte †Deceased

science without borders 31 Diana J. Bauer David Bodansky Faye G. Cascio George W. Cooper Paul M. Densen Sheldon Baumrind Gregory K. Boebinger Herbert Caskey William J. Cooper Peter R. Denwood Kyle D. Bayes John M. Boggs Sarah L. Caspar William Copeland Robert J. Desnick Lawrence S. Bazel Thomas D. Bolden John M. Cassady Carol M. Copp David P. Dethier Peter A. Beak A. R. Bonanno Paul A. Catacosinos Philip Coppens Ruthmary K. Deuel Edward W. Beals Martha W. Bond Joseph Cerny James M. Cordes John L. Deutsch Gwyn A. Beattie Dewey E. Born John H. Chamberlain Jimmy C. Cornette David H. Devorkin Brooks Becker Newman M. Bortnick David D. Chamberlin Merrill Cornish Sidney Diamond Ruth E. H. Beeton Thomas Bowles Paul S. Changelian Charles D. Cornwell Hernando Diaz Arauzo George A. Bekey James N. Bradbury Miran K. Chantooni, Jr. James Costantino Robert J. Diaz Barbara Bell Joseph Bradley Paul G. Chapin Patricia F. Cottam Russell Dickerson Edward A. Belongia John K. Brady Theodore Chase, Jr. Ernest D. Courant David B. Dickinson, Jr. Dan W. Bench Robert H. Bragg Robert T. Chatterton Eugene E. Covert Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Leslie Z. Benet Robert Brammer Allen R. Chauvenet Jack D. Cowan Paula Diehr Joseph D. Benigni Jonathan Braun Benjamin K. Chen Robert C. Cowen Joseph B. DiGiorgio Richard W. Benjamin Ross D. Brazee James F. Cherry Francis N. Craig Charles E. Dinsmore Charles F. Bennett, Jr. Robert M. Brenner Elizabeth J. Chick John M. Crawford David A. Dixon Donald R. Bennett Michael Briselli Hillel J. Chiel Peter H. Crawford Joe B. Dixon Matthew J. Berberich Arnold R. Brody Chia-Ling Chien Perry B. Cregan Winifred W. Doane Richard Beresford Bruce W. Bromley Anthony G. Chila Nancy Crerar Julie Donaldson Ernest L. Bergman Jere H. Brophy Sallie W. Chisholm David Crockett Terrence Donohue Maria V. Bergmann Dennis J. Brown Bella Chiu Gay M. Crooks Graeme Donovan Herbert L. Berk Donald J. Brown Purnell W. Choppin Alfred J. Crowle Jessica E. Donovan Gerald Berkelhammer Harold H. Brown Robert E. Chrien Randall T. Curnow Erl Dordal Anna W. Berkovitz Robert D. Brown Sigurd W. Christensen Richard K. Curtis Ernest Dorflinger Laurence J. Berlowitz Robert E. Bruccoleri Paul W. Chun Raul E. Curto John Doty, Jr. Tarrant John S. Brusca Austin Church III Michael Cynamon Sylvie Doublie R. Stephen Berry Caryl E. Buchwald Helen R. Churella Vincent D’Aco John S. Downard Harry Scott Berryman William A. Buehring Miguel A. Cima Bruce H. Dana Paul Dreizen Richard F. Berthelsdorf Dennis E. Buetow Norman E. Cima Andrew Dancis Gary J. Drtina Kevin P. Bertrand Robert Bulleit Barry G. Clark Joseph A. D’Anna, Jr. Robert A. Dudley Rose & Hans A. Bethe Esther A. Bullitt George A. Clark, Jr. James E. Darnell, Jr. Frank H. Duffy Erwin P. Bettinghaus Monroe Burk Howard G. Clark Purandar Dasgupta John V. Dugan Maria Bettinotti Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz Richard V. Clark William H. Daughaday Mark T. Duigon Paul Bickart Jack O. Burns Robert A. Clark Nelly Daur Marilyn J. Duncan Charles E. Bidwell Stephen H. Burns John A. Clements John B. Davidson Raynor L. Duncombe Theodore I. Bieber Phillips B. Burnside John M. Clough, Jr. David R. Davies Thomas H. & John G. Bieri Brian W. Burrows Michael D. Coe Frank F. Davis Sylvia A. M. Dunning Nancy G. Bigham Paul Burtness W. Ronnie Coffman Paul J. Davis Richard W. Dutton Graeme Birchall Joost A. Businger Anne E. Coghlan Chandler R. Dawson Robert F. Dye R. Byron Bird Edward G. Buss D. Walter Cohen Robert J. Day & Merlyn Earnest Eric Bischoff Elizabeth R. Butch Jules Cohen Sally J. Kinsey Kirk A. Easley Andrew L. Bishop John Butler Malcolm M. Cohen P. J. De Jong Norman W. Edmund Peter E. Black Bradford Butman Angela Cole Richard M. Deamer Dearborn Edwards Gregor Blaha Stephen E. Buxser Paul D. Coleman Hans W. Decker John S. Edwards Peter D. Blair Michael J. Calderwood David Collier H. J. Deeg John F. Egan David S. Blakely Daniel Callahan Margaret R. G. Collins Jack N. Deeter Stephen P. Eisenberg Calvin R. Blakley James M. Campbell Henry O. Colomb Kenneth A. DeGhetto Roger Eiss Mordecai P. Blaustein Harry Canter Catherine Colquitt Robert L. Dehaan Lincoln Ekstrom Robert C. Bless William H. Card Steven Condas Paul F. Deisler Reha Elci J. E. Blewett Vernon B. Cardwell James W. Conine Arline Deitch David E. Elder Frederick A. Bliss James M. Carhart John W. Connor David C. Deitz Larry D. Eldridge Marshall E. Bloom William C. Carlson Philip E. Converse Gregory J. Del Zoppo Mark P. Elenko Larry W. Blum Tadeu Carneiro Jeanette Cook Chester W. Delong David W. Emerson Donald Blumenthal Martha S. Carpenter Robert G. Coon John M. Denoyer Harry E. Emlet †Deceased

32 AAAS Annual Report 2011 David K. Emmel Helen L. Foster Thomas Glonek Donald Guthrie Susan I. Hershenson Julianne & Richard L. Endres William C. Fothergill Joseph A. Glover William A. Guthrie Davis Hershey Bernard T. Engel Jean L. Fourcroy Martin E. Gluckstein C. David Gutsche Charles E. Hess Manfred D. Engelmann Alex Jackson Fowler Robert P. Goddard Gerhard J. Haas Evelyn V. Hess Howett George A. Englesson Elizabeth Fowler Edward & Judith Goetzl Stephen C. Hadler Warren Heston Adolfo Eraso Thomas R. Fowler James F. Goff James H. Hageman Arthur T. Hewitt John B. Erdmann Richard A. Frankel Alvin H. Gold William H. Hagenbuch L. Heye Wayne W. Erfling Susan E. Franson Arthur E. Goldberg Duane E. Haines William Heyman Robert L. Erickson David H. Frantz Carey Goldberg Albert L. Hale Peter G. Heytler Susan G. Ernst Kathy E. Freas Deborah Goldberg Francis R. Hall Gerald M. Higier W. Gary Ernst Eli Freedman Erwin Goldberg James Hall Donald E. Hildebrandt Orville W. Erringer Sarah Elizabeth Frey Ed G. Goldstein Jana Hall John C. Hilliard Noel H. Ethridge Ernestine Friedl Jack Goldstein John E. Hall Ernest Hilsenrath Robert H. Eustis Michael I. Friedman William H. Goldstein Richard L. Hall Matthew D. Hilton Joann L. Evans William L. Friend Jesus Gomez-Navarro Daniel A. Hamlin William E. Himwich Phyllis B. Eveleth Stephen Frolking Anne H. Good James E. Hammerberg Susan M. Hinkins Ray F. Evert William E. Fry John B. Goodenough Katherine A. G. Hammond Donald J. Hirsh G. Fabbiano Verne C. Fryklund, Jr. Jeremy Goodman James E. Hamos Martin A. Hjortso Davis A. Fahlquist William & Julie Fulkerson Jesse F. Goodwin Ingeborg Hanbauer-Costa David C. Hoaglin Michael Fain Glenn Fuller Edmund W. Gordon Raymond J. & David L. Hoats Richard Fallin Kwok S. Fung Jennifer Gordon Ann S. Hannapel Peter M. Hobart Jay Paul Farber Herbert O. Funsten Joel S. & Marlene R. Gordon Dirk Hanson Martha L. Hochberg Donald O. Farkas Harold Gainer Malcolm S. Gordon George F. Hanson Hans Henrich Hock T. D. Farmer Joseph H. Gainer Martin E. Gordon Dwayne Hardin Mary Y. P. Hockaday Curtis Farrar Joseph G. Gall Steven L. Gore Wesley H. Harker Dorothea H. Hoffman Theodore F. Fathauer Denise Galloway Roger A. Gorski Donald L. Harr Gerald M. Hoffman Charles S. Faulkner II Wilbert Gamble Harold Graboske James D. Harris J. Holladay Benedict Feinberg A. K. Ganguly Ronald L. Graham Leonard Harris Roderick J. Holland Yoseph Feit Elisabeth Gantt David W. Grainger David M. Hart Richard F. Holm Anthony K. Felts Georgine M. Garbisch Howard Graves & Julie Baller John H. Hash David P. Holman Matthew C. Fenton IV David E. Garfin Sheila H. Gray Don Haslett Robert Holmgren Shelagh Ferguson-Miller Margaret A. Garnjost G. Sheldon Green Dolph Hatfield Peter V. Hornbeck Victoria L. Fetter Alfred J. Garrett Michael V. Green Erhard Haus Gabriel N. Hortobagyi William Fickinger Thomas J. Gast William L. Green Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Diana M. Horvath John B. Fieser Clifford F. Gastineau William M. Greenberg Greg G. Hawk Lansing C. Hoskins Harvey V. Fineberg David M. Gates Frederick D. Greene M. Frederick Hawthorne Edwin W. House Allen Fingold Walter Gerhard John E. Greenlee Mark Hay Estil V. Hoversten Alfred G. Fischer Terrence M. Gerlach John S. & Philip J. Hay Vicki D. Huff Leonard L. Fischman Jay Gershen Deborah Greenspan William L. Hayton Carroll G. Hughes III Morris A. Fisher James A. Gibbs Florence N. Greville Deirdre Healy Stuart W. Hughes Richard A. Fisher Anne E. Giblin Eric Grey Jack W. Heberling, Jr. Randall G. Hulet Frank W. Fitch David M. Gibson Maurice Griffel Patrick A. Heelan Susanne M. Humphrey Lewis T. Fitch Danuta M. Giganti Richard Grindeland John S. Hege Frank P. Hungate James E. Fitzgerald Mark L. Gilberstadt Arnold Grobman Michael Hehenberger Kenneth Hunkins Yael Fitzpatrick Elmer G. Gilbert Christine R. Grontkowski Leon Heller Thomas K. Hunt Theodore H. Fleming Walter L. Gillespie Karl R. Grose Samuel Hellman Charles E. Huntington Marcha Flint S. Malcolm Gillis Gordon L. Grosscup Philip B. Hemmig Richard L. Hutchens Allen P. Flora Forrest R. Gilmore Michael Grossman Val G. Hemming Clifton T. Hutchinson J. T. Flynn Glenn Gilyard James P. Grover Kyle K. Henderson Karl L. Hutterer G. Edgar Folk Welson Girard Helen K. Groves William L. Henderson Michael J. Hutzler Margaret L. Fonda Edmund Glaser Melvin M. Grumbach Thomas W. Hennessy Leonard S. Hyman Joseph V. Formica Alexander J. Glass Hermann A. Grunder Keith Henry David E. Illig William J. Forrest William S. Gleason Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. Edward C. Hermann Thereza Imanishi-Kari Mark A. Fortuna Paul F. Glenn Jean M. Gudas Edward R. Hermann Gregory L. Indruk William J. Guilford Alfred O. Hero †Deceased

science without borders 33 Marylou Ingram Charles F. Kennel Andrew A. Lackner Christopher J. Lingle Maria Julia Marinissen Keki B. Irani Kern E. Kenyon M. H. Lam Hagen Lippke Mark Markham Masayoshi Itoh Anthony M. Kerdock John M. Lambert Michael Lipsitz Harry Markowitz David A. Jackson Roland J. Kern Donald C. Lamons Laurence S. Littenberg Helene Marquis Marianna Jackson Keith Ketner Linda L. Lampl J. Russell Little Julian B. Marsh George T. Jacobi Philip S. Khoury Susan Landau Donald Livingston Dean F. Martin K. Bruce Jacobson Robert B. Kimsey John C. Landon Lars Ljungdahl Floyd D. Martin Andre T. Jagendorf Joseph J. King, Jr. Milton Landowne Felix J. Lockman Hugo M. Martinez John Jagger Mark T. Kingsley William E. Lands Marilyn R. Loeb Joaquin G. Martinez Eric Jakobsson Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr. Neal F. Lane Mary M. Loew Steve S. Martinez Walter Jakubas Toichiro Kinoshita Carl J. Lange Robert B. Loftfield James F. Masken Bernard W. Janicki Robert L. Kinzer D. Terence Langendoen Joseph C. Logue Serafeim P. Masouredis Michael A. Janssen Andrejs Kisis Leo F. Laporte Margaret I. Lomax Walter & Shirley Massey Curt W. Jarva Vera Kistiakowsky Jean K. Largis Gabrielle G. Long Winfield Massie Stephen N. Jasperson Michael S. Klassen Melinda Larsen & Sharon R. Long Merrill J. Matchett Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. Scott & Heather Kleiner Michael Gerdes Earl R. Lory John Mather Janet K. Jensen Rebecca Klemm Gerald A. Larson James D. Louck Anthony Matolek Randall M. Jeter Harvey L. Kliman Paul A. Larson Gordon Louttit Karen Y. Matsuoka George John W. S. Klipper Ralph J. & Sandy Larson John P. Loveridge Linda A. Mauck Clark Johnson Robert S. Knapp Bernice K. Lasker Paul Lovoi Diane M. & Egil Johnson Mark A. Knepper Nolan M. Lassiter, Jr. Jerold M. Lowenstein Roger W. Mauldin Francis Johnson James J. Knierim Roger Laverty, Jr. Fred V. Lucas George N. Mc Innis, Jr. Hollis R. Johnson James P. Knochel Walter R. Lawson Stanley D. Luck John H. McAdoo James F. Johnson Mark M. Knuepfer Margaret A. Le Mone Steven C. Luckstead A. R. McBirney Martin L. Johnson Michael F. Koehl Seymour Lederberg John L. Lumley Sally McBrearty Peter D. Johnson Stephen C. Kolakowsky Chuan P. Lee Allan J. Lundeen Simon J. McCarthy Jiri Jonas Leland S. Kollmorgen Ronald V. Lee Mark Lundstrom Daniel J. McCormack Anthony R. Jones Anthony L. Komaroff & Gina J. Lee-Glauser William Lupatkin Layton L. McCoy Irene M. Jones Lydia Villa-Komaroff Stanley R. Lehman Robert L. Lynch Patrick McCoy Lucy W. K. Jones W. D. Komhyr Mark E. Lehner Richard H. Lyon Wallace H. McCurdy, Jr. Patricia M. Jones C. Ronald Koons Robert I. Lehrer J. R. MacDonald K. Michael McDowell Robert H. & Ann W. Jones Victor Korenman William C. Leighty Robert J. Macek Rosemarie & James L. McElhaney Thomas P. Jones Virginia L. Kortes Pamela Lein Allen H. Mackenzie Victor K. McElheny Erica C. Jonlin Igor L. Kosin Willard J. Lennox Helen D. Maclay John M. McGhee Elke Jordan Maria Kovacs Anthony W. Leonard Richard V. MacMillan Richard P. McGinnis Patrick Joseph Albert C. Kovelesky Richard G. Lester James R. MacPherson James McGoodwin Taylor B. Joyner Boyd Kowal Andrew Lettes Dace V. Madore Steve P. McGrew H. Ronald Kaback Stephen C. Kowalczykowski Alexander H. Levi Marcos F. Maestre Wilbert J. McKeachie Bruce Kabakoff Theodore R. Kozlowski Roger Levien Lois E. Maggio Christopher F. McKee William G. Kaelin, Jr. Claire M. Kramer Stephen M. Levin Mary E. Mahoney Ross E. McKinney Kristopher M. Kafka Bernard L. Kravitz C. Sandford Levings III Tyler X. Mahy John B. McManus Thomas Kagle Bernard E. Kreger W. S. Lewellen Fred C. Maienschein Brockway McMillan Fred I. Kamemoto Rodney M. Krich Bruce V. Lewenstein John J. Majnarich Peter H. McMurry Louis A. Kamentsky Lester C. Krogh G. Kenneth Lewis Marian E. Major Donald P. McNamara Aimee Kane John S. Kronholm Henry R. Lewis Michael H. Malamy Marcia K. McNutt Norval M. Kane Gary D. Kukes Hugh B. Lewis Constantine J. Maletskos Michael R. McPherson Lawrence Kaplan Casimir A. Kulikowski Arthur Liberman John Malley Duncan L. McVey Solomon A. Kaplan Frederick A. Kundell David A. Liberman Jacqueline V. Mallinson William A. Meezan Robert E. Kass Nurith Kurn Ira A. Liebson Robert B. Mandell Howard C. Mel David L. Kaufman Donna Kuroda Dr. Lierman Vincent Manganiello Michael Melampy Ruth Tone Kawashima John W. Kusiak Arnys C. Lilly, Jr. Robert T. Manning John W. Melone Kathryn Keefer Jerome Kutliroff Yun Lin Scott L. Manske Ethan A. Merritt Edward Keenan John Kutzbach Harry W. Linde Tag E. Mansour James L. Merz Hans Keithley Holly Kuzmiak John P. Linderman David J. March William J. Meyer John L. Kelland Keith A. Kvenvolden Richard L. Lindroth Theodore W. Marcy Alfred F. Michael, Jr. Marvin D. Kemple Wai-Kwong Kwok Quentin W. Lindsey Jan W. Mares

34 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Jon J. Michnovicz A. A. Mullin Carmen Olito Alburt E. Pifer Kenneth J. Reed Claude J. Migeon Peter B. Myers Bjorn R. Olsen Wellington J. Pindar Paul B. Reichardt Albert Migliori Stephen E. Myers Patricia Olson Ken D. Pischel Marcus M. Reidenberg Richard H. Milburn Jack Nachamkin Richard K. Olsson Christiane T. Piselli Bernhard Reimann George A. Miller Gerald Nadler Gary A. Oltmans Jan D. Pitcairn Ralph A. Reisfeld Jerry W. Miller Padmanabhan P. Nair Toshihro Omura Jonathan A. Plucker Stanley Reiter Jon D. Miller Franklin R. Nash Leonard Oppenheimer Gayther L. Plummer Robert J. Remick K. Dexter Miller Roger J. Neill & Michael Oristaglio William E. Plunkett Francis Repas Katherine R. Miller Sylvia Kihara Gregory J. Orris Mark A. Plus Aristides A. G. Requicha Lynn Miller Paul E. Neiman Donald S. Orth Thomas G. Polefka Robert A. Resnik Paul D. Miller Howard L. Nekimken Henry H. Osborn Henry Pollack Paul R. Reynolds Wilbur H. Miller Billie C. Nelson Michael B. O’Sullivan Hartley L. Pond James B. Rhodes William F. Miller Edwin B. Nelson Lauren M. Pachman Lee G. Pondrom Vincent M. Riccardi William M. Miller James C. Nelson Chang H. Paik Paul E. Potter Mary E. Rice Don H. Mills Lloyd S. Nelson Thomas & Cheryl Palfrey Steve J. Poulos Adrian F. Richards Beatrice Mintz Lyle E. Nelson Allison R. Palmer Rex F. Pratt Rollin C. Richmond Donald A. Mitchell Richard M. Nelson Neil Palmer Dale L. Preston Per A. Rikvold Yoshikazu L. Mizobuchi Richard S. Nelson & Raymond L. Palmer Herbert P. Price Barbara K. Rimer Carol L. Enkoji Farhad Moatamed William N. Palmer Edward Prince Henry M. Rines Samuel J. Nelson, Jr. Robert H. Moench Victor R. Palmeri Darwin J. Prockop Steven J. Ring Martin J. Nemer Lloyd J. Money Bernhard Palsson Ann Progulske-Fox Robert J. Ringlee Robert M. Nerem Walter G. Montgomery Rudolph Pariser William M. Protheroe Rosette M. Roat-Malone Nancy J. Nersessian Angelyn & Kevin Moore Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Charles H. Pruett Jean Adams Robbins John R. Nesselroade Conrad T. Moore David Parrish Donald Pulitzer Eugene Roberts James J. Nestor Duncan T. Moore Steven D. Paschke Jules B. Puschett John D. Roberts Elizabeth F. Neufeld Edwin G. Moore Duncan T. Patten Jerome S. Puskin Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Gordon W. Newell Grace W. Moore Ara G. Paul Roger Pynn Mark K. Robinson Jeffery L. Newmeyer James D. Moore Rita C. Paulus Wayne E. Quinton Ross Robinson Chester W. Newton John F. Moore John S. Pearse Omar Qureshi Thomas S. Robison Robert L. Newton Roscoe M. Moore, Jr. Maurice Pease Frederick J. Raab Aidan E. Roche Roger G. Newton Thomas G. Moore Charles W. Peck Edward B. Radcliffe Theodore Rockwell Thomas W. Newton Sandra O. Moose Charles R. Peebles Mark S. Radomski Juan G. Rodriguez Edward W. Ng Azorides R. Morales Andres Peekna Stephen C. Ragatz William J. Rodriguez Johanna Nichols Thomas P. Moran Robert W. Peelle Yueh-Erh Rahman D. Christopher Roe Lois A. Nicholson Michael J. Moratto Marian Peleski Wilfrid Rall Pamela Roe Martinus H. Nickerson David W. Moreland Chin-Tzu Peng Arthur L. Rangno Alan E. Rogers Sheila Jean Counce Nicklas Gerry H. Morgan Michael Pensack M. M. Rao Kenneth C. Rogers Ralph Nielsen Henry G. Morgan Robert O. Pepin Potu N. Rao Samuel J. Rogers Arthur W. Nienhuis Sidney M. Morris, Jr. Joseph W. Perry Robert W. Rasch Mark Rognstad Robert A. Nilan Grant Morrow III Philip R. Perry Jimmy L. Rash Jarrow L. Rogovin A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa M. Patricia Morse Alan & Missy Peterson Greg H. Rau Fritz Rohrlich Masayasu Nomura Robert A. Morse Donald G. Peterson R R. Rau John W. Rose Karen Norberg J. Thomas Mortimer Donald P. Peterson Donald A. Rauh Kenneth L. Rose Christer E. Nordman Peter Moseley Jan Scott Peterson Paul Raviart Dean A. Rosebery Anne Norman Ronald A. Moss John E. Peterson Leonard Rawicz Herman S. Rosenbaum William T. Norton Christopher Motley Mary A. Peterson Tarun K. Ray Robert A. Rosenbaum Stanley Novak Geoffrey H. Moyer Terry M. Peterson Timothy W. Raykovich Norman Rosenberg Marie U. Nylen John A. Moyer Charles Philipp John C. Raymond Susan M. Rosenberg Judith K. Nyquist Patricia H. Moyer Julia M. Phillips Lyle S. Raymond Jay S. Rosenblatt Daniel J. O’Connell Forrest Mozer Laura M. Phillips Donald G. Rea Joan R. Rosenblatt W. Brian O’Connor William H. Muchnic Lawrence E. Phillips James F. Rea Ralph Roskies Donald O’Dowd J. Fraser Muirhead Ranard J. Pickering Robert D. Reasenberg Leonard L. Ross John R. O’Fallon Tamara A. Muldrow Al Pickett Arthur S. Reber E. C. Rossi Bruce O’Gara David Muller Edward B. Picou, Jr. Doug Redelman Jessica Rossman Lynn L. Ogden Susan Mullhaupt Gerald B. Pier Edward F. Redish George C. Rovnyak Alice S. Oglesby Thomas W. Mullikin Ronald A. Pieringer Robert P. Redwine William Row

science without borders 35 Phillip Rowden Harold W. Schmitt Orville A. Smith Glenn W. Suter II Millard K. Underwood J. Michael Rowe George W. Schneider, Jr. Ronald E. Smith Ernest S. Sutton George Vacek Donald A. Rowley Richard M. Schoen Bradley R. Snedecor Yuichiro Suzuki Cheron Vail Laurens N. Ruben David Schooley Wayne R. Snodgrass Michael A. Swanson Kalliat T. Valsaraj Herman Rubin Webster Schott Dean R. Snow Clayton A. Swenson Andrew J. Van Horn Philip E. Rubin Sam R. Schrinar Robert Snyder Richard L. Swent Estil A. Vance Vera C. Rubin Gunther Schubert Ernest R. Sohns Stephen I. Szara Martin Vanderlaan Klaus Ruedenberg Ean Schuessler Pierre Sokolsky Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi Karl VanNewkirk Rafael A. Ruiz-Gonzalez Linda A. Schuler Ronald E. Somerby Rowland W. Tabor Moshe Y. Vardi John D. Ruley Hal F. Schulte Charles M. Sommerfield Heinrich Taegtmeyer Louis E. Varga J. Kenyon Rupnik Gertrud M. Schupbach John Sondek Marlin L. Tanck Donnie L. Vaughan Ronald J. Rusay Benjamin Schwartz & Frank J. Sonleitner Morris Tanenbaum Lee T. Venolia & William B. Russel Susan Cullen-Schwartz Stephanie S. Spangler Sheila E. Taube John W. Thoman, Jr. John J. Russell David Schwartz Kimberly M. Specht Flaubert Tchantchou Dick Vessel Charles P. Ryan Richard & Gordon R. Spencer Max Tegmark Robert K. Vickery, Jr. Margaret Schwartz Elizabeth F. Ryder Philip C. Spiller Richard V. Telloni Richard S. Vodhanel Dorie W. Schwertz George D. Ryerson Raymond A. Spong W. H. Tenhove Alvin Volkman Eugenie C. Scott Yousef Saad Alicemary M. Sprickman Norman Tepley Susan F. Volman Gilbert R. Seely George H. Sack, Jr. Emil J. Staba Raymond L. Teplitz Thomas von Foerster Jon Seger Yoneo Sagawa Irving C. Statler Lewis M. Terman Stephan Von Molnar Cecily C. Selby Emannuel Sainis John J. Steckert Robert B. Tesh W. H. Wadman David A. Selinger Reisuke Saito Robert J. Stedman Kenneth R. Teter Albert F. Wagner Francis Sellers Bernard Salanie Richard A. Steeves David B. Thomas Lester J. Wahner John W. Severinghaus John Salmeron Kathryn E. Stein Herbert W. Thompson Harold Walba David W. Severson Kirstie A. Saltsman Donald F. Steiner Linda F. Thompson Charles Walcott Roger W. Sevy Martin J. Salwen Gregory Stephanopoulos Eric J. Thorgerson Charles P. Wales Philip W. Shambaugh Theodore R. Sana Q. D. Stephen-Hassard M. E. Thouless Frances Ann Walker Harold T. Shapiro Pedro A. Sanchez Neal Stephenson Willard R. Thurlow Richard J. Walker Robert Y. Shapiro Cheryl P. Sanchez-Kazi Edward A. Stern William L. Tietjen William J. Walter David G. Shappirio James S. Sandberg Judith S. Stern Maury Tigner Robert Wample Patrick A. Shea Eugene G. Sander Paul C. Stern J. E. Tillmann Leslie Wanner Walter Shearer Allan R. Sanford Gordon Stewart Murray Tobak Robert S. Ward John Sherwell Anatole Sarko Julie Stewart Peter L. Todd Robert T. Ward Stanwyn G. Shetler Marcus C. Sarofim Michael K. Stock Susan A. Todd Frank W. Warner III John Shigeoka Alberto Sarria Harold J. Stolberg Barbara B. Torrey Nancy E. Warner Patrick E. Shrout Diane M. Sasaki James P. Stone Nick C. Toscano David S. Warren Abraham Shulman Anne P. Sassaman Stanley S. Stone Charles H. Townes Roxanne Warren Charles H. Shultz William J. Saucier Gary D. Stoner John W. Townsend, Jr. Thelma G. Warshaw Marshall E. Shumsky Eric Saund David A. Stonestrom David H. Tracy Libe Washburn Bernard G. Silbernagel John E. Savage Rainer F. Storb John Tranquada John T. Washington Willys K. Silvers Jack Sawyer Donald W. Stoutamire Arnold Travis Edel Wasserman Katherine Silz-Carson William W. Scales John R. Strahler Nicholas D. Trbovich Marvin Wasserman Steven Silz-Carson John M. Scanlan James B. Strait Timothy N. Trick Ruedi Wassmer Eric J. Simon Howard K. Schachman Karl D. Straub Russell F. Trimble George E. Watson III Simon C. Simonson Harvey W. Schadler Alan J. Strauss Anthony M. Trozzolo P. Keith Watson Maxine & Daniel Singer Donald W. Schaffner Eugene Streicher Forrest A. Trumbore Gordon L. Watts Yvonne E. Sininger Paul Schatzberg D. J. Strickland Gregory S. Tseytin John Waycuilis Monroe G. Sirken Richard C. Schauer Theresa V. Strong T. C. Tso Thompson Webb III Jonathan B. Skinner W. R. Scheidt Arnold F. Strother John M. Tucker Owen W. Webster Gary D. Sloan Elliott Schiffmann Robert J. Stuppy Douglas B. Tully James L. Weeks Pamela L. C. Small Elihu Schimmel Robert E. Stutz Orhan C. Tuncay John W. Weil Alan J. Smith Beverley & Joseph N. Suhayda Gerard M. Turino Harrison Wein Murry Schlesinger James C. Smith Joan C. Suit Daniel Tutas Elliot H. Weinberg Jean M. Schmidt Linda C. Smith Ralph L. Sulerud Donald W. Twohy Myron S. Weinberg Ruth A. M. Schmidt Mary Virginia Smith Mark L. Sundquist Gertrude M. Tyce Frank Weinhold Klaus Schmidt-Rohr Michael K. Smith Patrick Suppes Brian D. Underwood Albert Weinstein

36 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Berthold W. Weinstein Paul Witkovsky Eric Brinsfield Howard Gobstein Mark J. Logsdon Elizabeth K. Weisburger Marc S. Wold Joan Brooks Alfred L. Goldberg Dan Longo Armand B. Weiss Wheaton Wood William Brooks Jack L. Goldsmith Carol Becker Lynch Jeffrey Weiss J. Walter Woodbury David R. Buckler Sheila Hafter Gray Peter Madams Jonathan H. Weiss Gordon R. Woodcock Eric Burger Richard Green Brian Malloy-Thorpe Samuel A. Weiss H. Boyd Woodruff Julia Butters Laura Greene Scott L. Manske Paul Weisz George E. Woody Daniel B. Caplan Carl Griffith Mark Markham Michael L. Wells Robert J. Wordinger Hilda Carpenter Joyce Grossman Robert C. Marlay William W. Wells Peter E. Wright Marc Carrasco Samuel Gubins David Marlowe Robert Wenger William A. Wulf Michael Carson Rachael Guenlensberger Richard Massey Melvin J. Wentland Xiaoliang Xie Carlton Caves Nancy L. Haigwood Edward S. Matalka Donat G. Wentzel Yuying Xie Daniel Cayan Jeff Hammerbacher F. Maurrasse Leonard Wertzler Anthony T. Yachnis Nathaniel Chafee Daniel Hankey Michael M. May Charles J. Weschler J. D. Yager Andrew Chong John Hansel R. F. McAllister Robert A. Wesley Joel Yager Robert W. Christopherson Alexander Harcourt James J. McCarthy John E. Wessel Kathryn M. Yarosevich Austin Church John G. Harkins Steven Melander-Dayton Susan R. Wessler Belinda R. S. Yen Aaron Clark Hanns Hasche Kluender Ronald Melen Barbara B. West William H. Yenke Charles Clark Charles E. Hawkins Richard Melmon John L. Wetherby Wayne M. Yokoyama Barbara Clemmensen Jeffrey Hayden Richard A. Meserve Daniel Wettstein Andy Young Casey Clouspy Rudy Henninger Orlando J. Miller Emily Wheeler Lankau William Young Barry S. Coller Thomas Henson Douglas Mills Maynard B. Wheeler Dana R. Younger Donald Cook John R. Hess William Moates Elizabeth D. Whitaker Peter Y. Yu Paul R. Cooley Robert Hess Howard L. Morgan John A. White Stuart Yuspa Robert H. Cordella Elvin L. Hoel Edward Moulton Nicholas R. White Kevin Zahnle Alan Crawford John L. Hofstra Eric Phillip Muntz Amelia & Thomas Whitehead Vincent P. Zarcone, Jr. Edmund Crouch Michael Hunter Cherry Ann Murray Luke Whitesell Peter Zarras Kenneth Crumley Leon Hyman A. Narath Glenn G. Whiteside Marvin Zelen James H. Curry David W. Ignat Charles E. Needham John C. Whitmer Clive S. Zent Billy Dalrymple Masayoshi Itoh Maureen Neitz Pierre Wicker Ekhard Ziegler H. Clay Daulton John Jackson Mark Nockleby Norman E. Wideburg William Zimmermann, Jr. Paul Day-Lucore Karen S. Jakes Jacques Nor Ralph R. Widner William J. Zukel Kenneth De Ghetto Gary Jason Andrew Norton Marilyn E. Wilhelm C. Gregory Doherty Debra Johnson Edward Oates Richard R. Wilk Patron Members Gregory C. Donadio Stephen Jones Don O’Brien Allan N. Williams Albert Dosser George Karkanias P. O’Keefe Edward Aboufadel Anna M. Williams Jaquelin P. Dudley Michael Kelley Charles Patton Edwin Adlerman Deryck J. Williams Pete Eckel Jack Kerns Ronald Pedalino R. Paul Aftring Doris C. Williams John Edgcomb Randal Kirk David Penniman James Altman John A. Williams Estia J. Eichten Robert Kirshner Christine Petersen Asma Amleh Norris H. Williams James B. Ellis Jonathan Knowles Laura A. Philips Albert F. Anderson Richard C. Williams Joseph S. Engenito William Koerner Kerry Phillips David Anderson T. Walley Williams III Eldon D. Enger Thomas F. Koetzle Dennis Pilarczyk Senthil Annamalai H. O. Williamson H. Douglas Fachnie Gerald Kovach Temple Public Library Mary Barber Joanne M. Williamson Brian Fagan Maria Kovacs James Rantschler Deena Bellman Barry G. Willis Florence Fasanelli Anton O. Kris Barry J. Ratzkin Philippe Beltran David L. Wilson Peter Fasolo E. F. Labuda Lawrence Ray Kathleen Berger R. Marshall Wilson Robert Fay Matthew Lachman David P. Reed Josh Bernstein Raymond A. Wilson Bobby Feil Gay Langham-Mcnally John Reed Chris Biemesderfer Leonard J. Winchester Alison Fennessy Fields Christophe Laudamiel Matthew Rehrl J. Michael Bishop Robert L. Winders Lindy Fishburne Charles Lenzmeier Naphtali Rishe Jerome L. Bleiweis Maurice W. Windsor Hans Frauenfelder Alan I. Leshner Yvette Robbins Carla Blumberg Keith D. Wing Richard Friedman Andrea Levitt Alexandra Roosevelt Fred Bomberger Donald F. Winter John C. Fuhr Larry Lewis Allen Root Peter Boyer Allen H. Wise Curtis Galloway Michael Lewis David W. Ross John Brademas Carl P. Wisoff Thomas Giroux John Linderman J. Rowe Olga Breydo Evelyn M. Witkin John Gluck Edmund Littlefield Juan Saavedra-Castro

science without borders 37 William J. Saucier Corporations and Foundation Scientific Method Publishing Co. Robert Schneider Foundations GPK Foundation Seascan, Inc. Richard M. Schoen Grainger Matching Charitable The Seattle Foundation 3M Company Michael Scott Gifts Program Sidney Stern Memorial Trust Acumen Scientific Ronald C. Searls Hamill Family Foundation Sinauer Associates, Inc. Affymetrix, Inc. Robert E. Shafer Hamlin Capital Management, LLC Subaru of America, Inc. Agouron Institute Douglas R. Shanklin Harry Markowitz Company The U.S. Charitable Gift Trust Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Victor M. Showalter IBM Verizon Foundation Alvin H. Baum Family Fund Andrew Siedlecki Intermarine Incorporated Vintage Production The Amgen Foundation Robert Paul Siemann Jarrow Formulas, Inc. California LLC Annual Reviews David J. Simons Jewish Community Foundation W.W. Grainger, Inc. Arco Contractors Supply Co. of San Diego Bruce Simonson The Weinberg Family Ball Aerospace and Technologies The John D. and Catherine R. Foundation for Truth in Lane Singer Corporation MacArthur Foundation Science Inc. Linda C. Smith The Baltimore Family Fund John Templeton Foundation Wilson Family Foundation Scott Smith The Barkley Fund Johnson & Johnson Steven W. Smith BECU The Joyce Foundation Walter Smith Other Berkshire Taconic Community The Kavli Foundation Judson Somerville Organizations Foundation, Inc. Hitachi, Ltd. H. Sox Almgren Initiative in Mathematics Brainfood, Inc. Lampl-Herbert Consultants, Inc. Stephanie S. Spangler American Bar Association Bristol-Myers Squibb The Laverty Foundation Richard L. Steiner Foundation American Chemical Society Liberty Healthcare Corporation Shepard B. Stone Burroughs Wellcome Fund American Geological Institute Lockheed Martin Corporation S. D. Stroupe The Caravan Trust American Geophysical Union L’Oréal Foundation D’Enterprise Gene Thomas Carnegie Corporation of New York American Institute of Physics L’Oréal USA Glenn E. Thomas Case IH American Mathematical Society Lundeen Foundation James G. Timourian Charles E. Kaufman and American Meteorological Lutron Foundation Kirsten Vadheim Virginia Kaufman Fund of The Society The Marc Haas Foundation James Vancik Pittsburgh Foundation American Nuclear Society McKinstry Charitable Foundation Lydia Villa-Komaroff Computational Physics, Inc. American Physical Society Merck & Co., Inc. Brian Wainscott Consolidated Chemical American Physiological Society Works, LTD Merck Partnership For Giving Robert Walsh American Psychological Continuing Bioengineering Nassau Chemical Corporation A. L. Walton Association ED, Inc. National Instruments Letao Wang American Society of CRDF Nature Publishing Group Agronomy, Inc. Thomas Wasylukaarian The Dana Foundation New England Biolabs, Inc. American Society of Civil Christopher Waterbury The David and Lucile Packard Nicholas Dewolf Foundation Engineers Warren B. Weisberg Foundation Noyce Foundation American Society of Mechanical Ralph Wharton The Dow Chemical Company Oak Foundation Engineers Dara Wilber DuPont Oberkotter Foundation American Society of Microbiology Clinton Williams Eli Lilly and Company Olympic Ship Supplies & American Society of Plant Michael Williams Emergence Venture Partners, LLC Services, Inc. Biologists Marlan Willis EMJAYCO LP Paratherm Corporation American Sociological Christopher Wilson Association Eppendorf AG Pediatric Academic Isaac J. Winograd Evergreen Ventures, LLC Association, Inc. American Statistical Association David Woodbury Ewing Marion Kauffman Pepsico Foundation American Veterinary Medical Association Mary Woolley Foundation Plaza Medical Center, Inc. Ameriprise Financial PAC Match Chris Yragui Forney Family Foundation Predesa, LLC. Program James Zuiches Ganguly Family Foundation Research Corporation for Association of American Arnold Zwicky The GE Foundation Science Advancement Geographers General Atomics Richard Lounsbery Foundation Atheists for Humanity The George and Maradel Rosse Family Charitable Carnegie Institution for Science Sonnichsen Charitable Fund Foundation Cornell University GlaxoSmithKline LLC S. A. and R. W. Colgate Trust Dartmouth College The Glickenhaus Foundation Santa Barbara Foundation Desert Research Institute Golden Family Foundation ScienceDaily LLC Earth Resources Data Analysis The Goldhirsh Foundation, Inc. Scientific Consulting System Gordon and Betty Moore Laboratories, Inc. Environmental Systems

38 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Research Institute SPIE European Commission DG Technical Education Research Research Centers Eutema Technology The Minerals, Metals & Management Materials Society (TMS) The Federal Bureau of U. S. Agency for International Investigation Development Federation of American U.S. Department of Agriculture Scientists U.S. Department of Defense Federation of Animal Science U.S. Department of Education Societies U.S. Department of Energy Geological Society of America U.S. Department of Health & George Washington University Human Services Harvard University U.S. Department of State Howard Hughes Medical U.S. Department of Veteran Institute Affairs Indo-US Science and U.S. Environmental Protection Technology Forum Agency Institute of Electrical and U.S. Office of Research Integrity Electronic Engineers - USA University Corporation for Kansas City University of Atmospheric Research Medicine and Biosciences University of Alaska Kean University, College of University of Delaware Natural, Applied and Health University of Florida Sciences University of Kansas Medical King Abdulaziz City for Science Research Institute and Technology University of Kansas School of Maine Technology Institute Medicine Materials Research Society University of Kentucky Research Michigan State University Foundation Montana State University University of Maine Mount Desert Island Biological University of Michigan Laboratory University of Nevada The National Academies University of New Hampshire National Aeronautics and Space University of New Mexico Administration University of Oklahoma National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration University of Puerto Rico National Institutes of Health University of Rhode Island National Law Enforcement University of Vermont Museum University of Washington National Science Foundation WestEd Norman Borlaug Institute for Women in Engineering International Agriculture ProActive Network Oak Ridge Associated Universities This report reflects The Ohio State University contributions received 1 January 2011 through Rhode Island Research Alliance 31 December 2011. Rice University We apologize for any SciFlies errors in this listing. Please do Sigma Xi, The Scientific not hesitate to bring them to Research Society our attention by calling Society for Advancement of 202-326-6636. Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) Society for Research in Child Development South Dakota State University

science without borders 39 Financial Summary

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010

($ in thousands) 2011 2010

ASSETS Cash 4,362 6,254 Accounts receivable, net 6,826 8,082 Grants and contributions receivable 6,984 8,463 Prepaid expenses and other 2,017 2,609 Investments 82,146 90,504 Property, plant and equipment 58,377 56,451 Total assets 160,712 172,363

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 13,165 15,715 Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue and other 27,277 25,508 Bonds payable 14,399 17,400 Total liabilities 54,841 58,623

Net assets: Unrestricted 87,244 91,501 Temporarily restricted 9,824 13,469 Permanently restricted 8,803 8,770 Total net assets 105,871 113,740 Total liabilities and net assets 160,712 172,363

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) 2011 2010

Revenues: Member dues 11,224 11,804 Publishing 47,366 45,189 Grants and other program support 27,400 22,947 Leasing, investments and other 8,614 10,734 94,604 90,674 Expenses: Publishing 43,684 41,092 Education, policy and other programs 34,957 31,914 General and administrative expenses 15,030 14,219 93,671 87,225 Operating income, before tax 933 3,449 Provision for income tax 100 (1,535) Nonoperating revenue and expense (5,091) 3,045 Change in unrestricted net assets (4,258) 8,029 Change in restricted net assets (3,612) 3,517 Change in net assets (7,870) 11,546 Net Assets, beginning of year 113,741 102,195 Net Assets, end of year 105,871 113,741

40 AAAS Annual Report 2011 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information Board of Directors 2011-2012 AAAS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION INFORMATION

Association Headquarters Pe paChair adi dolestionsed quaeritiis expedis aut utC odishief Executivenia Officer ditiorepudae and volendunt, sum fugia dolorior atus exero Alice S. Huang Executive Publisher American Association for the erspedCalifornia ullacilit Institute libus est, of Technologysusto quatem. Git, si officAlan toI. Leshneres- conse voloriam eiunti quam eseriaeproAdvancement expernatur? of Science Otatur, equiae. Bitae lab ipidentius doluptatquis eum exces vendis sitatem poreped millam quis1200 modit New volores York quaturesAvenue, N.W. eniet nonsequamPresident seceaqui inctem rehende liatur? Chief Financial laborand Administrative rati doles comnimo luptiandamWashington, harcil D.C. id ea20005 intesci USA- Nina V. Fedoroff Officer mus ent velest ma doluptateTel: nusam 202-326-6400 quis acea qui comnihi KingLanimagnis Abdullah iliqui University dit qui omnimof Science iur? Phillip Blair and Technology (KAUST) llorerc hiciumendae. Ga. 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Nem reicipi enditas magnim doloreicit aut vernatior nonectur alicto cone conserf ernatem quas ex et verorep Treasurer erchicid quaturit landae conempo ssequid ellacipissi que maximeDavid placcae Evans Shaw verferf eritate consequi temporemCenter eaque for Science, Technology and AAAS Centers porenecest ex es doluptate quis modita nulparunt. nulparumBlackpoint fuga. Group Ad utectot LP atibus dolorit ationsecumSecurity repe Policy www.aaas.org/programs/centers Norman Neureiter, Acting Director eatiaep udiatis doles eostiam nos alit, serionem quodictet Loreperchit hillandae prem auda iusdant, conseque rem Chief Executive Officer and Supporting science and laut aut as et maximi, quisquas dolor site re, necuptam, Executive Publisher Development Oexplibuffice scietur? Berum que dolenist,engineering illuptuste capacity, cor careers, anime volorit,Alan suntur, I. 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Mayo Finance and AdministrationUtecero inum dolecte poriwww.aaas.org id quam nimodi cust qui aceariaCalifornia ipsusapid Institute magnimaxim of Technology reria il exeroviti dolupic tec- Colleen Struss, Directoromnimet of endae Finance re ipit et, ut volestFind breaking volorehendae AAAS news volupti and tur molutem corro quatectem sunti as doloria ectoresand Chief tia- Legal Officer membership information. aturionse natempori que por aut ressimaiora doluptas qui tureperesRaymond eatestrunt Orbach ex esectesenis sam voles eos dolup- University of Texas at Austin Human Resourcesut pe voluptae lam quo quam et a cusandit, sum estia volo tiis explab ipiendam volupta tendenitenda dolupta esciene AAAS MemberCentral Alison French, Chiefcus arum Human rem andae dolecte membercentral.aaas.orgoptae optaspe lectestio. 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Eperuntium eum expellant sim dis invel endi officillum et, ut pa sim nias voluptatiisServices ( OPMS) Read breaking research news in volore exerciligent quaectiis rat et officil itiaspide perfero adi reiunto offictendam, optatisquas con cum Betheum quosRosner, Publisher and Director multiple languages. of OPMS occus molupta debis ut a inctaquis ut alibeatur, volore sundae ressiment. pliquo temolecerum fuga. Icabo.MAKE Poriae. A GIF TUt expla ex et Project 2061 This report is based on content Tem dis intur www.aaas.org/makeagift Jo Ellen Roseman,parum Director dolut utatqui re, cullorest, assit lam qui to te acest written by various members of the Be a catalyst for change— solupta cust, simu- et, sin est ut quas aut fuga. Itius pre parcita tendelenihil AAAS Office of Public Programs donate online. sandiam, asScience quam Editorial staff during 2011. Writing assis- molorepta sum ressit asperib errovidunt quam et omnissit la- borit odignatumBruce Alberts, quist Editor-in-Chief tance was provided by Michaela Monica Bradford,eum Executive fugit utes Editor aut voluptas maJOIN venis AAAS rem qui qui arumque er- Jarvis. The design was developed speris saeptat inctum nam, cuptatem quam, sit, nimi,www.aaas.org/join sequas re auditen destiam Advance science, serve society and by Thea Mills, AAAS Publication nim qui ommolloreScience News- ut magnima ximendes is cusa que qui vidigenis accu Services. Colin Norman, News Editor read Science, too.

science without borders 41 2013 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING 14–18 February • Boston www.aaas.org/meetings

The Beauty and Benefi ts of Science

• High Value for Registration Fees • Student Poster Competition

• Special Room Rates • International Exhibit Hall

• Multidisciplinary Symposia • Professional Development

• Seminars and Forums • Networking

• Plenary and Topical Lectures • Member Benefi ts

All Are Welcome: Registration and housing opens in early August.

Visit www.aaas.org/meetings for registration fees, housing and program updates.