——Ground Floor • The White House, constructed between 17 92 and 1800, is the official residence of th e President of the United States and a livin g museum of American history. The White House’s collection of fine and decorative a rts includes historic objects associated wit h the White House and the Presidency an d significant or representative works by a v ariety of American and European artists an d craftsmen( 工匠 ) that are consistent with the historic character of the house. • Since 1800 when the first work of art, the full-length portrait of Georg e Washington by Gilbert Stuart, w as acquired for the President's Ho use, objects including paintings, sc ulpture, furniture, and china have been purchased by, or donated to, the White House for the enjoyment of the First Families and their gues ts in this ever-changing historic str ucture. The public also is welcome d into the public rooms to learn ab out the White House - its history, o ccupants, and collection. The map of Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor Corridor( 走廊 ) Library Vermeil Room China Room East Garden Room Ground Floor Corridor • Until 1902, the Ground Floor in the White House served as utilitarian space used by servants. As a result, by the end of the 19th century, James Hoban’s original groin vaulting( 穹 棱拱顶 ) in the wide corridor of this floor had been cut through in numerous places to accommodate pipes and ducts. The furnace room (now the Diplomatic Reception Room) also jutted into the corridor. • When McKim, Mead, & White created a new guest entrance in the East Wing （东厢 房） during the 1902 renovation of the White House, they transformed much of the Ground Floor into public space. All intrusions were removed, the vaulting was restored, and the refurbished corridor received rugs and seating furniture. At First Lady Edith Roosevelt’s initiative, two cabinets were purchased for the corridor in 1904 to display pieces of dinner and dessert services used by former presidents. Mrs. Roosevelt also decided to hang portraits of first ladies in this space, inaugurating( 开创 ) a tradition that has been retained to the present. Painting of Barbara Pierce Bush (Mrs. George H. W. Bush) by Charles A. Fagan, 2005 Coming Through the Rye, Sculpture by Frederic Sackrider Remington, modeled 1902, cast 1918 Daniel Webster, sculpture by Henry Clay, sculpture by Thomas Ball, 1853 Thomas Ball, 1858 Painting of Hillary Rodham Clinton (Mrs. Wi lliam Jefferson Clinton) by Simmie Knox, 2003 Meat for Wild Men, sculpture by Charles Marion R ussell, modeled c. 1920 and cast 1956 Pier Table( 矮几 ) by Duncan Phyfe, 1833 Gift of Mrs. Enid A. Haupt, 1970, c. 1800 Side Chair carving attributed to Samuel McI ntire, 1794 Library • Most of the Ground Floor rooms were service ar eas until the Theodore Roosevelt renovation of 1 902; this room was generally used as the laundr y. Thereafter it became a gentleman’s anteroom （接待厅） and then a library in 1935. Originall y compiled in 1961 and updated in 2005, the offi cial White House Library contains 2,700 works of American life and thought. In the modern era, th e room has been a favorite for media tapings. • Armchair by William King Jr., 1818 • Front View （正面图） of the President's House, in the City of Washington by an un known artist, 1807 • Hayne Hudjihini (Eagle of Delight), Oto by Charles Bird King, c. 1822 James Hoban sculpture attributed to John C hristian Rauschner, c. 1800 • Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Moti er, Marquis de Lafayette sculpture, artist unk nown, c. 1930 Monchousia (White Plume), Kansa painting by Charles Bird King, c. 1822 • Mountain at Bear Lake - Taos painting by Georgia O'Keeffe, 1930 • Petalesharro (Generous Chief), Pawnee, p ainting by Charles Bird King, c. 1822 • Saber by Klingenthal Armory, c. 1799 • Shaumonekusse (Prairie Wolf), Oto, painti ng by Charles Bird King, c. 1822 Sharitarish (Wicked Chief), Pawnee, paintin g by Charles Bird King, c. 1822 Vermeil Room • The room takes its name from the large collection of vermeil (gilded silver) received by the White House in 1958 as a bequest of Margar et Thompson Biddle, selections of which have been on display in thi s room ever since. The 1,575 piece collection contains examples of work by the most prominent English and French silversmiths workin g in the 18th and 19th centuries. Pieces from the vermeil collection a re also on display throughout the house. • Until the end of the 19th century, Ground Floor rooms were the dom ain of White House servants, who probably used this room as a bed room or storeroom. During a complete renovation of the White Hous e for President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, this room became a co at/dressing room for female guests. Later, it was used as an office, waiting room, conference room, and billiard room. Since the Nixon a dministration, it has served as a sitting room. • Painting of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by Do uglas Granville Chandor, 1949 • Center Table by Anthony Gabriel Quervell e, c. 1829 • Painting of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy O nassis by Aaron Shikler, 1970 • Painting of Claudia (Lady Bird) Taylor Joh nson by Elizabeth Shoumatoff, 1968 • Tureen and Stand by James Young, 1779 • Water ewer by Richard Sibley, 1817 • Work Table attributed to Thomas Seymour , c. 1814 China Room • Since 1917, the Ground Floor room known as the China Room has been used as an exhibition space for examples of ceramics, glass, and silver used in the White House or owned by the first families 。 In the 19th century.it was used by White House servants. It became a public space in 1902, when it was transformed into a coat/dressing room during the Theodore Roosevelt renovation of the White House. When she became first lady in 1889, Caroline Harrison continued to pursue the Victorian art form of china painting. This hobby and her interest in history (she was the first president of the Daughters of the American Revolution) led her to take an active interest in collecting and preserving White House tableware used in previous administrations.. • Although she planned to have a cabinet built in the State Dining Room to display examples of White House china services, her idea was not executed before her premature death in 1892, while her husband was running unsuccessfully for re-election. In 1901, Mrs. McKinley allowed journalist Abby Gunn Baker to survey the surviving White House service pieces which resulted in a scholarly article. In 1904, Mrs. Roosevelt had two cabinets made for the newly refurbished Ground Floor Corridor to display samples of White House china chosen for this purpose by Ms. Baker, and together they publicized their search for past White House tableware and actively collected examples to supplement what had survived at the White House. • Edith Wilson decided to devote an entire room to display the growing collection of White House china, creating the “Presidential Collection Room” in 1917. Abby Gunn Baker was again asked to select and arrange the china, silver, and glassware installed in built-in cabinets around the room • Oyster Plate from the Rutherford Hayes State Service by Haviland & Co., 1880 • Service Plate from Service Plate from the Woodrow Wilson the Ronald Reagan State Service by Lenox, Inc., 1918 State Service by Lenox, Inc., 1981 The Farm Landing by Edward Mitchell Bannis ter, 1892 East Garden Room This room, at the west end of the East Terrace, is th e intersection between the Residence and the East Wing. Double doors in the northwest corner provide entry into the Ground Floor Corridor within the origin al walls of the White House. The glazed south wall i s an extension of the East Colonnade facade, with a door opening into the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden. Coming down the colonnade, guests first see an en ormous bronze bust of Abraham Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum in a niche in the west wall, to the right of w hich hang display panels - historic photographs mos t of the year, official Christmas cards during the holi day season. Large portraits of four former president s hang on the other two walls. • Abraham Lincoln by John Gutzon De La M othe Borglum, 1908 • Calvin Coolidge by Charles Sydney Hopki nson, 1932 • Millard Fillmore( 第 13 任总统 ) by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1857 • Grover Cleveland by Jonathan Eastman Johnson, 1891 方婷婷 黄晓莹 黄玄娜 郑秋岚 .