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Traditional Knowledge of Adi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh on Plants Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 8(2), April 2009, pp. 146-153 Traditional knowledge of Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh on plants R C Srivastava & Adi community Botanical Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Circle, Post Box No 127, Itanagar 791111, Arunachal Pradesh E-mail: [email protected] Received 20 January 2008; revised 9 May 2008 Arunachal Pradesh, falling under Easter Himalayan region one of the global mega-diversity centers, is a botanical paradise and the home of 110 ethnic communities (tribes) most of which are still forest dwellers and so diverse that they can not understand each others language. Hindi is gradually becoming popular among the persons, who are near townships. The paper throws light on different uses of 108 species of plants in day-to-day life of the people belonging to Adi ethnic community of Arunachal Pradesh. Keywords : Ethnobotany, Adi , Nyishi , Arunachal Pradesh IPC Int. Cl. 8: A61K36/00, A61P1/02, A61P1/04, A61P1/08, A61P5/00, A61P5/50, A61P9/00, A61P11/00, A61P21/00, A61P29/00, A61P39/02 Ethnobotany is the study of the different uses of their own culture, tradition and medicinal system of plants in day to day life of the ethnic communities. treatment and knowledge acquired through close The word Ethnobotany was first used by Dr John observation of nature. They are store house of Harsberger of the University of Pennsylvania in an indigenous knowledge which is yet to be address to the University Archeological Association documented. Only sporadic publications have been on December 04, 1895 to describe the study of plants brought out on ethnobotanical knowledge of some used by primitive and aboriginal people and was tribes of Arunachal Pradesh 1-7. But comprehensive widely accepted and first time adopted by J Walter and thorough study is yet to be made. People of Fewnes in 1896. The subject ethnobotany is divided Arunachal Pradesh still solely depend up on forest into many sub-disciplines according to sub-groups of plants. They use many plants in their day to day life. plant kingdom, like, ethnoalgology, ethnomycology, During the study, an attempt has been made to ethnobryology, ethnopteridology, ethnolichenology, document the traditional knowledge of Adi tribe about etc. and special aspects of botany, like classification various uses of plants in their day to day life systems, medicinal uses, palaeobotany, ecology, etc. (Figs 1-17). A scrutiny of the literature and the field are termed as ethnotaxonomy, ethnomedicobotany, surveys has revealed the information about 108 palaeoethnobotany and ethnoecology respectively. species. These are enumerated below. The text Now a days the subject is emerging under specialized includes Latin names (accepted names in bold letters titles like ethnopharmacology, ethnomedicine, and synonyms or basionyms in italcs) followed by ethnogynaecology, ethnopaediatrics, ethnoagriculture, family name (in parenthesis) and the vernacular ethnobiology, ethnomusicology, etc. and separate names in italics. journals have been published on some of these subjects. Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., (Sterculiaceae), Yadukh Decoction of stem bark is given twice a day for dysentery and vomiting. Arunachal Pradesh spread over an area of 83,743 sq km has a rich biodiversity due to variations in altitude Acacia rugata (Lamk.) Viogt, Acacia concinna , from 150-6,500 m and the unique climatic conditions. (Willd.) DC. (Fabaceae ), Riji The original inhabitants of Arunachal Pradesh belong Paste of pounded stem is thrown into stream to to 26 major tribes and 110 sub-tribes. The tribes have stupefy the fish. SRIVASTAVA & ADI COMMUNITY: TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF ADI TRIBE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 147 Ageratum conyzoides L., (Asteraceae), Yabum Callicarpa arborea Miq. ex C.B.Clarke Leaf paste is applied on swollen parts to relieve (Verbenaceae), Tato,Yalu, Yahorin pain. Plant juice is applied twice daily in red eye Tender branches are used as tooth brush for relief (conjunctivitis). All the three tribes apply leaf paste, in toothache. Paste of leaf or bark is applied on leaf juice on cuts and wound to check bleeding and scorpion sting. Bark is used for skin diseases; also early healing. Plants are pounded and made into pills used as substitute for Areca catechu by old people. of the size of pea. One pill thrice a day is administered to cure blood dysentery (colitis). Campylandra aurantiaca Baker, (Liliaceae), Dipa Talo Alpinia malaccensis Presl, (Zingiberaceae), Pieces of rhizomes are taken as tonic and in Puprere stomach disorders, considered to be aphrodisiac. Fruits are edible and aromatic. Rhizomes are eaten as boiled vegetable. Carica papaya L., (Caricaceae), Omita Three or four flowers are boiled and taken twice a Artemisia indica Willd., (Asteraceae), Laglin day to improve hearing capacity. Boiled raw fruits Boiled leaves are eaten to get relief from asthma; with salt or ripe fruits are eaten to increase lactation. aromatic smell of plant clears the nose blockade, when inhaled. Bath with diluted leaf juice gives relief Chenopodium album Bosc. ex Moq. in itching and skin allergy. Fresh leaf juice is dropped (Chenopodiaceae), Taye in eyes to cure redness of eyes but is painful. Leaf Seeds are eaten; also used in preparing local drink, paste is applied on back, or leaf spread over bed give Apong . Seed paste is added to boil rice and water; relief in back pain. Fomentation by leaves gives relief mixture is kept for two days to increase the rate of in headache. fermentation. Arundinaria callosa Munro, (Poaceae), Bud-Buji Chromolaena odoratum (L.), R M King & Rope made from bark is very hard and durable. H.Robinson, (Asteraceae), Telimbabo Leaf juice and paste is applied in fresh cuts and Asplenium phyllitidis D.Don subsp. malesicum wounds to stop bleeding and to relieve pain. Holttum, (Aspleniaceae), Patatak Fomentation with young leaves gives relief in Plants used in festival for decoration. headache and fever by Nyishi tribe. Baliospermum calycinum , Muell. Arg., Citrus medica L., (Rutaceae), Jipin (Euphorbiaceae), Gilgal Ripe fruits (sweet tasted) are eaten. Leaves (cooked) are eaten as vegetable. Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., Bambusa tulda Benth., (Poaceae), Tabbe (Verbenaceae), Tapen Stem is used for making flute locally called eloo . It Tender leaves are taken as vegetable; leaf- is used by priest during Dree festival. The sound is decoction (3-4 teaspoonful) twice daily is considered believed to keep evil spirits away. effective in reducing blood pressure. Bauhinea variegata L. (Fabaceae), Pacham Tender leaves and flowers (cooked) are eaten as Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Siebold. , C. vegetable. squamatum Vahl, (Verbenaceae), Tapen Tender leaves are eaten as vegetable. Begonia griffithiana (DC.) Warb,. B.episcopalis Clark, (Begoniaceae), Sudum Meku Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae), Rinko; Leaves (cooked) are eaten as vegetable, but the Idu-Aro taste is sour. Rhizomes with water are eaten as tonic; also taken in fever, headache and gastric trouble. Blumea fistulosa Kurz. (Asteraceae), Rumdum Leaves (cooked) are eaten as vegetable; boiled leaf Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, is given in diarrhoea. (Asteraceae), Hogegain 148 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 8, NO. 2, APRIL 2009 Whole plant is eaten either fresh or boiled; leaf on ringworm. Vapour of stem and leaf juice gives juice is applied on cuts to prevent bleeding; pain is relief in sinus. Adi people mix 3-4 plants with fruits of relieved and the wound is healed up quickly. guava and eat in gastric problem. Crepis japonica Benth (Asteraceae), Rum Dum Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd., (Urticaceae), Entire plant is cooked as vegetable; fresh leaves are Sakobadha eaten. Fresh root juice is used for vomiting. Cyathea andersonii (Schott. ex Bedd.) Copel, Eleusine coracana Gaertn., (Poaceae), Tami (Cyatheaceae), Taste Country liquor Apung is made from the grains; ash Core is dried removing the stem bark and ground; of grain ( Tachoo ) is taken twice in cough, cold, powder thus obtained is used as substitute of wheat congestion and for neutralizing wine. flour. Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook., Elsholtzia blanda Benth. (Lamiaceae) , Bok Pomro (Cyatheaceae), Tange Tender leaf paste with common salt is applied to Stems (after removing bark) are fed to cattle. old wounds of cattle to clear of pus and maggot. Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farewel Equisetum ramossissium var. debile (Roxb. ex (Thelypteridaceae), Rukdik DC.)Hauke, E. debile Roxb. ex DC., (Equisetaceae), Tender shoots (fronds) are used for giving Isstape fomentation to the gout and rheumatism. Plant is used by the local priest in religious ceremony. Debregeasia longifolia Wedd. (Urticaceae), Jirepole Tender leaves are boiled and taken; fruits are eaten Erianthus rufipilus Griseb., (Poaceae), Pilu by birds. Tender stem (culm) is eaten when one is thirsty while working in the jungle; entire plant is used in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro, festivals for decoration. (Poaceae) ,Ea Tender shoot is used to prepare hiyup , a sour-tasted Erigeron bonariensis Hort. ex Link (Asteraceae), pickle. Stem is used in religious and marriage Daglentado ceremony; scape, locally called hipuk is particularly Vapour of leaves is inhaled in sinus problems. used in marriage ceremony. Beotop , a kind of umbrella is made from scape. Eryngium foetidum Forsk. (Apiaceae) , Hariyo Paste of stem and leaves is applied on forehead in Dendrocalamus strictus Nees (Poaceae ), Taok headache. Seed-powder is used in madness. Leaves This is planted in house and in places of worship. It are used to make chutney with leaves of Centella is believed to keep devil spirits away; plant is used in asiatica . Meoko festival for decoration. Stem is used for making arrow. Bark is used as rope which is very Fagopyrum esculantum Moench. (Polygonaceae), hard. Amintatek Dicranopteris linearis (N.Burm.) Underw, Leaves are cooked and served as vegetable; ripe (Gleicheniaceae), Ollo fruits are eaten. Inner core of stem after removing bark are fastened on chest and belly for protection against arrow. Ficus auriculata Lour. (Moraceae), Hote Ripe fruits are eaten. Drymaria diandra Bl. (Caryophyllaceae), Kado kairo Ficus hirta Vahl, F .roxburghii Miq. (Moraceae), Leaf-juice is applied to skin diseases.
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