Native Orchid Society Of South Australia Inc. Journal
Thelymitra grandiflora ssp. exposa Photo: R. Bates May 2015 Volume 39 No. 4
Native Orchid Society of South Australia PO Box 565 Unley SA 5061 Website: www.nossa.org.au Ph: 8294 8014 May Vol. 39 No. 4 Email:[email protected] The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through cultivation. Except with the documented official representation of the management committee, no person may represent the Society on any matter. All native orchids are protected in the wild; their collection without written Government permit is illegal. President Robert Lawrence Contents [email protected] Title Author Page Vice President Notice Board 39 Kris Kopicki President’s Report Robert Lawrence 40 Secretary Stipiturus Con Pk Changes Bob Bates 41 Rosalie Lawrence [email protected] Review of April Meeting Lorraine Badger 42 Treasurer Greenhood Pollination Strategies NOSSA Web site 43 Gordon Ninnes NOSSA Field Trip Rob & Jenny Pauley 44 [email protected] April Winning Photo Rosalie Lawrence 45 Editors Plant Recall Les Nesbitt 46 John & Lorraine Badger Diuris Project Les Nesbitt 47 [email protected] Benched Orchids for April Les Nesbitt 48 Assistant Editor Helen Lawrence Benched Orchids Photos David Hirst 48 Committee Michael Clark Life Members Bob Bates David Hirst Mr R Hargreaves† Mr G Carne Mrs T Bridle Sandra Penny-Dimri Mr H Goldsack† Mr R Bates Other Positions Mr R Robjohns† Mr R Shooter Membership Liaison Officer Mr J Simmons† Mr W Dear Robert Lawrence Mr D Wells† Mrs C Houston Ph: 8294 8014 Mr L Nesbitt Mr D Hirst [email protected] Botanical Advisor Patron: Mr L. Nesbitt Bob Bates Conservation Officer The Native Orchid Society of South Australia, while taking all due care, Thelma Bridle Ph: 8384 4174 takes no responsibility for loss or damage to any plants whether at Field Trips Coordinator shows, meetings or exhibits. Rob & Jenny Pauley Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal [email protected] do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the management Librarian committee. We condone the reprint of any articles if acknowledgment Pauline Meyers is given. Registrar of Judges Les Nesbitt Front cover - photo Robert Bates, Sept 2014. A newly named Show Marshall subspecies. Thelymitra grandiflora ssp. exposa R.J. Bates. Vacant This new subspecies of Australia’s largest sun orchid (restricted to Trading Table South Australia) is limited to high, rocky exposed parts of the Flinders Judy Penney Ranges which begin more than one hundred km north of Adelaide. Tuber Bank Coordinator This rare taxon extends for 250 km from near Laura in the south of the Jane Higgs Range almost to Arkaroola in the north and is conserved both in Ph: 8558 6247 national parks and native forest reserves. [email protected] Bates, R (2014) A New Subspecies of the “Giant Sun Orchid” Thelymitra Website Manager Rosalie Lawrence grandiflora …” Australian Orchid Review Vol 79 No 6 p. 52
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
NOTICE BOARD
The Native Orchid Society of South Australia meets every fourth Tuesday of the months February to November at St Matthew's Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Meeting starts at 8:00 pm. Doors to the hall open from 7:15 pm to allow Members access to the Library, Trading Table and Grower’s Forum. Date Event May 23 Saturday Field Trip – Mt Billy & Nixon Skinner– bookings essential May 26 Tuesday General Meeting – Speaker: Jenny Guerin – Seed Bank June 2 Tuesday Committee Meeting June 5 Friday Journal articles due June 13 Saturday Weeding at Belair June 20 Saturday Field Trip – Kaiserstuhl area – bookings essential June 27 Saturday Weeding at Brentwood Cemetery, YP – bookings essential
FIELD TRIPS NOSSA 2015 CONSERVATION DIARY DATES Bookings Essential: Contact Rob or Jenny Pauley There are several working bees for weeding at [email protected] OR phone: 0402 281 781 (J) orchid conservation sites in the next few months. All Saturday 23 May are welcome to attend. It’s a good idea to bring Location: Mt Billy & Nixon Skinner – Myponga – gardening gloves and secateurs, but other Autumn Orchids equipment is supplied and any assistance, even if only for a short time, is much appreciated. Saturday 20 June – Kaiserstuhl area Belair National Park weeding in Pterostylis cucullata MAY GENERAL MEETING 9.30 am start for both dates. Tues 26 May – Jenny Guerin - Seed Bank Saturday June 13 Saturday October 10 ARTICLES FOR NEXT JOURNAL Please contact Tim Jury (7127 4166) or Friday 5 June 2015. [email protected] for details of meeting places.
HELPERS NEEDED - MEETINGS Brentwood Cemetery weeding for Arachnorchis At the General Meetings helpers are needed both intuta: before and after the meeting for things such as: Saturday June 27 Please contact Erica Rees TFL Threatened Species Setting out / packing up chairs Officer for further details. 0408 812677 or Setting up tables [email protected] Setting up supper table (see Rosalie) NOTE: A BBQ lunch will be provided. Serving on Trading Table (see Jan) Remember the old adage Clare area - weeding for Arachnorchis argocalla in Many hands make light work May and have now passed.
OVERDUE MEMBERSHIPS NOSSA NAME BADGES As previously mentioned April journal was the last These are very useful when attending field trips, for those who have not renewed their membership. general meetings or assisting at activities outside of If you know of someone who did not receive their NOSSA e.g. at weeding projects as above. If you wish journal please encourage them to RENEW TODAY to purchase a badge contact: Robert Lawrence Membership Liaison Officer Ph: 8294 8014 Email: [email protected]
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
President’s Report
Robert Lawrence - Review of the NOSSA Constitution is a whole range of The current version of the constitution (formally activities that will present known as The Rules of Association) of the Native opportunities for member Orchid Society of South Australia was ratified in involvement. 2007. A number of issues of concern have been There is scope for identified and a working party has examined a range leadership roles, such as of possible changes. In our initial meeting, we for coordinating agreed on five changes. The management photographs. Different committee has accepted the recommended changes people might be involved for our initial draft. As a result we plan to reword in the collection and one of the objects, to adapt the rules for honorary collation of photographs, and enhancing and membership to the requirements of the orchids in cropping. Expert advice will be needed to check the schools program, to remove the requirement to text of fact sheets and figure captions. Please keep a paper copy of the membership register and contact me if you are interested in being involved. to review annual subscription rates at the last general meeting each year (rather than at the AGM). Common native orchids of the Adelaide hills poster We also agreed to remove the detail of Awards and It was great to have the poster on Common native make this a separate document to be managed by orchids of the Adelaide hills launched at our last the Management Committee; this will make it general meeting. Not many of these have been possible to vary these rules without needing to printed and it is anticipated that these be obtained amend the constitution. Other matters are yet to be online. The PDF document can be downloaded free discussed by the management committee. of charge from the following Internet site: http://www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/adelaidemtl Please consider becoming an orchid judge oftyranges/education/for-educators/plants-and- Becoming a judge is an excellent way to increase animals your knowledge of orchids. You may not have While at the site, feel free to download any other thought about this possibility, but if you have some identification guides of interest. More clicks indicate experience with growing orchids you may find that an interest by the public and help to gain support for this would be very rewarding. Please discuss this such projects. These are all found under the heading with Les Nesbitt if you are interested. “Identification Charts.”
Wild Orchid Watch Planned publication on orchids I have produced a set of fact sheets of the 40 species The management committee is considering the of orchids described in the poster. With these I have possibility of publishing a book on orchids of South a set of over 700 photographs illustrating different Australia to be published in 2017, coinciding with aspects and have prepared captions for each. There the 40th anniversary of the Society.
AUSTRALASIAN NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY Mid North Coast Group Kempsey, NSW 8th Australasian Native Orchid Conference & Show 1st - 4th September 2016 Held in conjunction with the widely acclaimed annual Kempsey Speciosum Spectacular at the Kempsey Dirt Bike Track.
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
Stipiturus Cons Park Changes over 50 years
Bob Bates Feb 2015 Fifty years ago the I first visited Stipiturus, or that continuous native veg extended for some 1000 Glenshera Swamp as it was called then, with the SA hectares in the 1940’s. Field Naturalist botany club. It was a private swamp with a few cows which had recently opened up an Sadly, it is very different today, with no waterholes often dense swamp which extended over ten km and drainage channels which are quite dry most along a U shaped valley almost to Myponga years by late November. By February this year they Reservoir. It was so wet that it could not be entered were dusty. The windmills are gone as underground without rubber boots. The late Tony Spooner took us water has disappeared, pumped dry after fifty years to a patch pf sphagnum moss twenty metres across of extraction. Most of the valley heads are now and then to a floating peat bog which bounced planted to Tasmanian blue gum, which also suck up under us as we walked across. There were hundreds the sub soil moisture making large sections of the of Cryptostylis in flower mixed among even more swamp dry. Today Rainfall records officially show swamp leek orchids while the cow paddock itself that there have been no above average rainfall years had a similar number of Spiranthes of two species. across southern SA for over twenty seasons; but plenty of below average. In actual fact, well below and some average years resulting in a serious rainfall deficit which means that most of the Glenshera swamps are gone. Swamp ferns like Hypolepis, Blechnum and Gleichenia are mostly dead.
During my first ten years of visits in the late sixties and 70’s I added a new orchid to the Stipiturus list every year. In contrast each of the last 20 years has seen another orchid lost. Species either gone or down to what must be un-viable levels, include Anzybas fordhamii and A. unguiculatus (both gone) Speculantha uliginosa, Thelymitra lucida, Microtidium, Microtis rara, Caleana major, Calochilus paludosa and C campestris, Eriochilus species. Spiranthes sp. Late selfing white, Dipodium and Gastrodia. I would expect many others never located have also gone. Drought or not, the man made water channel extending for five km held running water all year round and below that a tree lined creek with deep water holes. Away from the creek, there were seasonal river red gum water holes to fifty metres across. These dried out only in the driest summers and were ringed by aquatic orchids like Hydrorchis, Microtidium and Thelymitra which today I would guess included T lucida. One of these waterholes at the Myponga end was the Type location of Hydrorchis orbicularis, a species which some think of as Western Australian, yet it was actually first found here. All along the creek were windmill driven water pumps in the main valley and also along the equally swampy side valleys. Early aerial photographs show
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
Climate drying and desertification are really with us An example are the sand drifts which develop on slopes near the Stipiturus swamp most summers now. (see photo on previous page) Most of the sand slopes were once covered with colourful heath-land plants; many extinct in SL now. The swamps were cleared and turned into cow paddocks by the 1980’s and are now incapable of supporting stock most summers. Rapid decline indeed.
I suspect that there could have been five or more undescribed orchids lost without ever being named. The author has named others recently including Thelymitra pallififructus. There are undoubtedly more to come, including the adjacent lovely blue sp.
April Meeting Review Lorraine Badger The night was cold, misty and raining. People were frogs found in various habitats of the Adelaide Hills. reluctant to leave the warmth of home but slowly a Common Froglet (Crinia signifera) small group of brave souls assembled. Having just Painted Frog (Neobatrachus pictus) arrived home from an overseas trip I was decidedly Spotted Grass Frog (Limnodynastes tasman- suffering from the sudden cold plus jet lag and iensis) unsure of how long I could stay awake. That was Eastern Banjo Frog (Limnodynastes dumerili) until the guest, Steven Walker first launched the also called Pobblebonk long awaite poster of Common Plants of the Brown Tree Frog (Litoria ewingi) Adelaide Hills. Here was a man who is passionate Bibron's Toadlet (Pseudophryne bibroni) about his job. Thank you Steve for providing us with yet another As he began speaking on Frogs of the Adelaide Hills thoroughly enjoyable insight into a world beyond he handed out a sheet for each to complete. Here orchids: your passion for frogs was evident. was a speaker keen to create opportunities for audience participation. All thoughts of being tired dissipated as he gave passionate descriptions of each frog, accompanied by an excellently illustrated power point and accompanied by interesting stories of his experiences.
Folk were to record their own description of the call. It was interesting to hear how others described the call, often with a wide variation of opinions. After completing his presentation of brief facts on the 6 For further information: frogs occurring in the Adelaide Hills he played a chorus of frogs whereby the audience were to http://waterwatchadelaide.net.au/index.php?page= identify the various frogs. Some were decidedly spotted-grass-frog accurate and others, myself included, were way off the mark. I would say, however, that most were able The Adelaide Hills Common Orchid charts are to identify the distinguishing sound of the banjo available without charge from the NRM website. frog. Next month’s Speaker: Jenny Guerin - Seed Bank
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
Greenhood Pollination Strategy
NOSSA Website - Introduction to a recent article
Since orchids, and Australian orchids in The ‘question and answer’ style of the paper particular, first came to the attention of the makes easy reading and worthwhile perusing, western world in the 1800s researchers have even for the lay person. An accompanying been fascinated by the so many different video is also of interest. aspects of the orchid’s morphology and life cycle. The essence of the paper was to establish whether sexual deception was used to One area of psrticular interest has been the facilitate pollination. The species researched pollination of orchids. The mechanism of was Pterostylis sanguinea (syn Urochilus pollination has not always been clear as the sanguineus) and the researchers confirmed orchids seem to use different and complex that this did happen. methods. From time to time observations by researchers have been published in various The research showed that the attraction for papers. the insect came only from the labellum which exuded an alluring chemical. P. sanguinea has One such paper, Caught in the Act, published a mobile hinged labellum which is a feature of last year in the Annals of Botany 113: 629- other sexually deceptive orchids such 641, covers the pollination of sexually Paracaleana, Caleana, Arachnorchis. deceptive trap-flowers by fungus gnats in Pterostylis (Orchidaceae)
Pterostylis sanguinea syn. Urochilus sanguineus Pterostylis sanguinea syn. Urochilus sanguineus with the untriggered labellum with a side view of the labellum For further information read the article at http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/113/4/629.full and view the video at: http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/suppl/2013/12/20/mct295.DC1/mct295supp_video.mp4
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
NOSSA Field Trip - Mylor & Knott Hill
18 April 2015 Rob and Jenny Pauley The first field trip for 2015 was well worth the wait! Small, yes, but a delight to Mount George had been ruled out after initial see and photograph. We searches failed to find any significant orchid counted 17 in bud and 111 in numbers but Mylor Conservation Park and Knott Hill flower, with only one of Native Forest Reserve came up trumps. these having two flowers. Corunastylis sp. Adelaide Hills was abundant in small colonies and difficult to see until the first was spotted when suddenly they became Eriochilus easier to find. 34 plants were counted, including five that were only a leaf. Urochilus sanguineus leaves were found with some showing signs of flowering in the coming weeks. Eleven fertile plants were counted, including one with two dry capsules from the previous year. There were no sterile rosettes yet. The leaves of spring flowering Thelymitra, sun orchids, were just emerging whilst at the same time the hairy leaves of the already flowering Eriochilus Thanks to Leo Davis, Bob Bates and those who had were developing and in turn photographed. searched for the elusive first sightings for the season resulting in the venue change. It meant that the 15 With reluctance the group meandered back to the attendees were treated to a most rewarding car park and headed off to Knott Hill in convoy via opportunity to study and photograph a few species Meadows. The rain was coming. in flower and locate emerging leaves that will lead to Lunch was at the Knott Hill flowers in the coming months. car park where a light At about 14 degrees, the weather was cool when we hearted group discussion all met at Mylor, with the occasional mist and light relating to the last 40,000 rain. The light for taking photos was at times years of Australia and demanding but overcome by those with flashes, nothing about Native good compact cameras, or manual control of ISO Orchids took place. After with digital cameras and even mobile phone lunch we headed off, cameras. through the gate and wow!. Within a short distance we The primary agenda for all, was to enjoy the day and located Corunastylis sp. with with casual enthusiasm we set off, led firstly by 46 in flower (many of which, Robert Lawrence. There was also the desire to locate we later learnt from Bob Corunastylis - Knot Hill and share orchid sightings, the observation of dried Bates, are likely to be C. sp. capsules remaining from last year, to be involved in Mount Billy); Eriochilus sp. the counting of species numbers and recording GPS Hills woodland with at least 7 in flower; Pyrorchis coordinates. nigricans leaves and Leporella fimbriata with 9 in At Mylor numerous Eriochilus sp. Hills woodland bud and 7 flowers and others with leaves that may appeared amongst native foliage and residual debris. flower next year. The walk was delightful along the
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4 sand track with not only orchids but also many In summary it was a most enjoyable outing with like Australian native species bursting into growth. minds, enthusiastic folk appreciating the natural Then it rained a little;… then a bit more, and more, beauty of the Australian Bush. so at 2.30 pm we reluctantly called it quits.
April Winning Photo
Rosalie Lawrence The April photo entries were all very different but of a high quality. Helen Lawrence’s photograph of Calochilus cupreus (Aldinga Bearded Orchid) was the clear winner.
In South Australia it is considered endemic and endangered. Researching the information regarding this plant was interesting. For instance, there is no mention of it in Jones’ extensive book (2006) and yet it was named by R S Rogers in 1918 with a description appearing in Black’s Flora of South Australia (1922 edition), including a drawing by Rosa Fiveash.
Since then there has been a shift in thinking. In the Third edition of Black’s (1978) C. cupreus is absent but C. campestris is present. In Bates and Weber (1990), the authors describe C. campetris (C. cupreus). Currently, the eflora of South Australia (the electronic version of 1986 Flora of South Australia) considers it a synonym of C. campestris. This is reflected in the Census. distribution of C. campestris and as result Bates, It would appear that as C. campestris was studied from 2008, states that it is not recognized as and its variations documented (e.g. article by Jones occurring in South Australia. 1976 Orchadian 5:83) the distinction with C. cupreus Though C. cupreus disappeared from the literature was lost. Clements and Jones (2006) state the name continued to be discussed amongst orchid “Calochilus cupreus R.S.Rogers = Calochilus enthusiasts. So when in 1995 NOSSA members campestris” which indicates that they are not using found a distinctively different colony at Aldinga they C. cupreus. However, in Jones’ book an anomaly identified it as Rogers’ C. cupreus. occurs for he does not include South Australia in the The chart below sets out some of the differences that made Rogers consider C. cupreus a separate species: C. cupreus C. campestris C. robertsonii Shorter leaf Longer leaf Longer leaf Rather rigid or fleshy erect Crescentic section Crescentic section triangular section Base of labellum oblong glabrous Base of labellum round thickened, Whole of labellum hirsute (hairy) (without hairs) with several raised smooth no raised longitudinal longitudinal line lines 8 – 15 flowers About 8 flowers maximum About 8 flowers maximum
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
Kris Kopecki Pauline Meyers Rosalie Lawrence Bulbophyllum weinthalia Caladenia flava of WA Urochilus sanguineus in bud References: Bates’ personal communications Bates & Weber (1990) Orchids of South Australia Bates (2011) NOSSA South Australia’s Native Orchids Bates (2005 to present) Orchids of South Australia CDs various editions Clements and Jones (27/4/2006) An Australian Orchid Name Index Jones (2006) A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia Rogers R S (1918) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia V42 Pp 24, 25 NOSSA Journal Vol 25 No 10 November 2001 https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/orchidkey/html/AustralianOrchidNameIndex.pdf http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113409#page/40/mode/1up Plant Recall April 2015
Les Nesbitt
The objective of this exercise has been to make 2. Dendrobium linguiforme from 2013 available native orchid species seedlings at a subsidised price to members. Apart from Den. Again only 2 plants were brought to the meeting. speciosum and kingianum, native species are not Bodo’s plant, growing on a saucer of blue metal often available in Adelaide so this is also a gravel, was twice the size of last year and was conservation project. We can learn from each other running in 4 directions. Obviously a very happy about each species requirements as we all have plant. After seeing Bodo’s plant last year I took mine different growing ideas. off a cork slab and potted it in composted orchid bark in a small port pot. It seems happy and is 1. Dendrobium teretifolium from 2012 growing in 2 directions but is small compared to Only two plants were brought to the meeting, both Bodo’s plant. mounted on cork. Both were still small after 3 years 3. Dendrobium comptonii from 2014 of careful culture. Some seedlings have been lost. From now on I will admire even more anyone who There were 6-8 plants brought in, all similar in size. can grow a large specimen plant of the bridal veil Some were still in the original 50mm tubes while orchid in Adelaide. others had been repotted into 75mm tubes and one was on a mount. This is called a pencil orchid 46
Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4 because the tall canes are about as thick as a pencil. well as pure white The seedlings have made a new growth that is the flowers plus some required thickness but it is only a centimetre tall. with rounded Next spring the new pseudobulbs should be taller. filled in flowers. This species loves 4. Sarcochilus hartmannii 2015 our winters out in Twenty seedlings were taken up by members. The the rain. It suffers remainder will be available at the May meeting for in a hot dry those who missed out. This species is listed as Adelaide summer vulnerable because years ago its habitat was as the only water stripped almost to the point of extinction by storage is in the collectors and traders. It is the most vigorous leaves & roots. growing sarcochilus species forming side shoots that Grow it in heavy result in specimen sized clumps over time. The shade in summer flowers which are white, usually with a red centre, in the coolest open in October. Sarco. hartmannii has been used spot you can find. extensively in hybrids. Nursery raised line bred It has long spongy roots so can be put into a larger plants have given us flowers with yellow centres as pot than you would use for other orchids. Diuris behrii Project 2015
Les Nesbitt
The project’s fourth growing season is underway. is always an exciting After no useful rain for three months from mid- time as all the earlier January to April I was utterly sick of hand watering tuber removal and orchids. Water levels in my tanks were getting low repotting is validated so it was a welcome change to see the first clump of by emerging leaves. leaves appear on mother plant C102 on 28th March. Weeds germinate By Easter 12 mother plants were up and the first after the rain so daughter was showing leaves. The break in the weeding will be a season came with 44 mm of rain on Easter Monday necessary chore for with more rain in the following weeks. Rain gets the the next few months. Slugs & snails also get active terrestrials moving like no amount of hand watering after rain so baits were laid to kill any that might can achieve. Orchid leaves popped up into view have been present. On ANZAC Day I counted 226 everywhere over the next couple of weeks. Autumn Diuris behrii plants, 2 Swan Orchids, no rufa Pterostylis and no Microtis. Going on past experience more leaves will appear in May and June.
Seed was sprinkled on all the diuris pots in mid-April using my trusty pepper shaker half filled with a mixture of fine dry sand and even finer Diuris behrii seed. This method helps ensure that the seed is spread evenly over all the pots. The seed used was the result of hand pollination of four project flowers last spring. After the rain, and before seeding, the casuarina leaf topping was replenished.
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Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. Journal May 2015 Vol. 39 No. 4
Benched Orchids April 2015
Epiphytes: Open Division Species: Hybrid 1st Dendrobium bigibbum Bodo Jensen 1st Den (Aussie Ira X Peewee) X bigibbum - Bodo 2nd Dendrobium schneiderae Bodo Jensen 2nd Nil 3rd Bulbophyllum weinthalia ssp striatum- Bodo 3rd Nil
Epiphytes: Second Division Species: Hybrid 1st Nil 1st Nil 2nd Nil 2nd Nil 3rd Nil 3rd Nil Terrestrials: Open Division Species: Hybrid 1st Pterostylis obtusa Don & Jane Higgs 1st Pterostylis x furcillata Les Nesbitt 2nd Eriochilus cucullatus Les Nesbitt 2nd Pterostylis trunkfish Don & Jane Higgs 3rd Pterostylis truncata Don & Jane Higgs 3rd Nil Terrestrials: Second Division Species: Hybrid 1st Nil 1st Nil 2nd Nil 2nd Nil 3rd Nil 3rd Nil
Popular Vote: Best Orchid for Night OPEN DIVISION Epiphytes: Dendrobium bigibbum Bodo Jensen Species: Dendrobium bowmanii Bodo Jensen Hybrid: Den (Aussie Ira X Peewee) X bigibbum - Bodo
2nd DIVISION Epiphytes Species: Hybrid: Den. Jesmond Sparkler ‘Greg Hall’ J Adams OPEN DIVISION Terrestrials Species: Pterostylis truncata Don & Jane Higgs Hybrid: Pterostylis trunkfish Don & Jane Higgs 2nd DIVISION Terrestrials Species: Nil Hybrid: Nil
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