Commercial Rolling and Rolling Steel Fire Door Technical Essentials

Certified Door Dealer Consultant Section 5 Commercial Rolling and Rolling Steel Fire Door Technical Essentials

Table of Contents Section One: An Introduction to Rolling Doors Section Four: Types of Rolling Doors History of Rolling Doors ...... 4 Rolling Service Door ...... 46 The Importance of Fire Walls and Fire Doors ...... 5 Rolling Counter Door ...... 46 Industry Organizations ...... 6 Rolling Grilles ...... 46 Types of Fire Rated Rolling Doors Section Two: Understanding Codes and Standards Rolling Fire Door...... 47 Published Standards ...... 10 Rolling Counter Fire Door ...... 47 Building Codes ...... 10 Service Counter Fire Door ...... 47 Licensing ...... 11 Conveyor Openings ...... 47 NEMA Standards ...... 11 Seismic Qualification ...... 11 Specialty Applications Wind Load Requirements ...... 12 Pass Door ...... 48 Understanding Loads Exerted by Rolling Wood Rolling Doors ...... 48 Doors ...... 14 Combination Doors ...... 49 Rolling Door Operation under Wind Load Sloped Bottom Bar ...... 49 Conditions ...... 15 Side Coiling Doors ...... 49 Rolling Doors and Hurricanes or High Wind Side Folding Doors ...... 49 Events ...... 16 Fire Rating ...... 17 Integral Frame Doors ...... 49 Smoke Control ...... 18 Sheet Doors ...... 50 Final Approval...... 19 Horizontal Doors ...... 50 Insulation High Performance Doors ...... 50 R-Value ...... 19 Crane-way Doors...... 50 K-Factor ...... 19 Mullions ...... 50 U-Factor ...... 19

Method of Determining Thermal Performance ...... 20 Section Five: Methods of Operation Flame Spread ...... 20 Manual Push-Up Operation ...... 52 Smoke Developed ...... 20 Manual Chain Hoist Operation Sound Transmission ...... 20 Direct Drive Chain Hoists ...... 53 Reduced Drive Chain Hoists ...... 53 Section Three: Rolling Door Components Compound Reduction Chain Hoists ...... 53 Materials and Finishes Steel Sheet Metal Components ...... 21 Chain Hoist Mounting Locations ...... 54 Steel Components ...... 21 Manual Hand Crank Operation ...... 54 Stainless Steel Components ...... 21 Electric Operators Most Common Stainless-Steel Finishes ...... 21 Automatic Operators ...... 55 Aluminum Finishes ...... 22 Operator Usage ...... 55 Typical Rolling Door Components Operator Size ...... 56 Curtains ...... 24 Operator Mounting Locations ...... 56 Perforated Slats ...... 25 Fenestrated Slats ...... 25 Emergency Egress ...... 58 Vision Slats ...... 25 Electric Operator compliance with Grille Curtains ...... 26 UL 325...... 58 Endlocks/Windlocks ...... 26 Environmental Considerations and NEMA Guides ...... 26 Standards ...... 60 Fire Door Guide Expansion Clearance ... 28 Access Control Selection ...... 60 Bottom Bars ...... 29 Control Wiring on the Operator ...... 61 Barrel ...... 29 Counterbalance Mechanism ...... 30 Door Operator Access Controls Cycles ...... 30 Digital Keypads ...... 61 Brackets Stand-Alone Card Access ...... 61 Operating Mechanism ...... 31 Door Receivers ...... 61 Tension Wheel ...... 32 Radio Transmitters ...... 62 Inside Tension Device ...... 32 Control Stations ...... 62 Compound Tension Device ...... 32 Inertia Brake ...... 33 Automated Access Control ...... 63 Hoods ...... 34 Safety Accessories Governors ...... 34 Selection ...... 64 Sills and Countertops ...... 35 Sensing Devices Options and Accessories Electric Sensing Edge ...... 64 Locks ...... 36 Air Wave Sensing Edge ...... 65 Weather Seals ...... 37 Pneumatic Sensing Edge...... 65 Wearstrips ...... 37 Exterior Mounted Doors ...... 37 Non-Contact Sensing Edge ...... 65 Fascia Panel ...... 37 Optical Sensing Edge ...... 65 ANSI/DASMA 203 Photoelectric Sensors ...... 65 Standard for Non-Fire Rated Rolling Doors ...... 38 Take-up Reel ...... 66 ANSI/DASMA 204 Coil Cord ...... 66 Standard for Fire Rated Rolling Door Assemblies .. 42 Wireless Edge Transmitter ...... 66 2

Section Six: Automatic Closing Devices Operating Mechanism Assembly ...... 85 Hood Installation ...... 85 Rolling Fire Door Release Theory Final Assembly ...... 86 Push-Up Fire Doors ...... 67 Inspection and Drop Testing of Fire Chain, Crank or Motor Operated Fire Doors ...... 86 Doors ...... 67 Miscellaneous Final Checklist ...... 88 Rolling Fire Door Resetting Theory

Push-Up Fire Doors ...... 67 Section Eight: Installation Instructions for Electric Operators Chain, Crank or Motor Operated Fire Important Safety Precautions ...... 89 Doors ...... 68 Preliminary Precautions ...... 90 Automatic Closing ...... 68 Mounting Operator Support Plate ...... 90 Non-Spring Release Fire Door Operators ...... 68 Mounting Operator ...... 90 Floor-Level Disconnect ...... 69 Release Devices Manual Operation of Electric Operator...... 91 Fusible Link ...... 70 Setting the Limits Sash Chain and Cable ...... 71 Electronic Limit Adjustment...... 92 Closing Speed ...... 71 Mechanical Limit Adjustment ...... 92 Basic Electro-Mechanical Release Control Wiring Device ...... 71 Wiring Type ...... 92 Electro-Mechanical Release Device with Special Control Wiring ...... 93 Battery Back-Up ...... 72 Locating the Control Station ...... 93 Electro-Mechanical Release Device with Clutch Adjustment ...... 93 Battery Back-up and Motor Controller .... 72 Brake Adjustment ...... 94 Motor Controlled Release ...... 72 Test the System ...... 94 Motor Controlled Release with Battery Back-Up Non-Spring Release ...... 72 Section Nine: Service and Operation of Rolling Doors Fire Door Repairs ...... 95 Detectors Servicing an Existing Rolling Door ...... 96 Smoke Detectors ...... 73 Relocating an Existing Rolling Fire Door ...... 96 Heat Detector...... 73 Safe Operation of Rolling Doors ...... 98 End of Line Device ...... 73 Floor Level Disconnect Operation ...... 99 Warning Devices ...... 74 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Location ...... 74 Door and Operator Maintenance Schedule ...... 101 Section Seven: Obtaining and Installing the Correct Door Troubleshooting Rolling Doors ...... 102 The Bid Specifications Troubleshooting Operators ...... 103 Rolling Door Specifications ...... 75 Electrical Procedures ...... 105 Conclusion ...... 105 Ordering the Door ...... 76

Receiving the Door ...... 77 Section Ten: Glossary of Terms ...... 106 Rolling Door Installation Instructions Getting Started ...... 77 Section Eleven: DASMA Standards and Technical Data Site Inspection ...... 77 Sheets ...... 118 Assessing the Opening ...... 78 Sizing the Opening...... 78 Headroom Requirements ...... 78

Job Site Organization ...... 78

Tools and Equipment Tool List ...... 79 Power Tools ...... 79 Truck Inventory ...... 79 Guide Installation ...... 80 Wall Types and Mounting

Concrete Walls ...... 80

Masonry Walls ...... 81 Steel ...... 81 Stud Mounted Drywall ...... 81 Wood Walls...... 81 Tube Mounted Doors ...... 81

Fire Door Jamb Construction ...... 82

Preparing the Barrel ...... 82 Attaching Curtain to Barrel Assembly Curtain Rolled on Barrel on Floor ... 83 Sling the Curtain ...... 83 Installing the Tension Wheel ...... 84 Applying Tension ...... 84 Inside Tension Holder/Wheel ...... 85 Compound Tension Wheel ...... 85

Section One An Introduction to Rolling Doors This study guide has been created by the doors and high-performance doors, are outside Institute of Door Dealer Education and of the scope of this study guide. These doors Accreditation as part of its goal to establish the have a specialized set of requirements and door systems industry as a profession, and to require a highly technical and specialized recognize the skilled individuals who work knowledge. within the industry as professional technicians. This is the fundamental objective of the IDEA programs, and all other professional History of Rolling Doors designation courses offered by IDEA. Providing cover, security, and protection from Although it is intended that all students will the elements has been a part of mankind’s learn some valuable new concepts in studying history. From the use of animal hides to cover the curriculum, it is essential that each cave dwellings to the use of wood and other applicant begin the process with a broad base available raw materials for any other of knowledge and experience in the installation conceivable purpose, doors, access and and service of rolling door products and security, are fundamental to human existence. accessories. As time marched on, millennia of bartering Why is all this worth your time and energy? systems emerged into organized commerce, creating industries and businesses that A professional can be defined as one transformed rural, agricultural lifestyles into possessing a high degree of skill or expertise. urban industrial centers. Since the industrial Individuals trained and experienced in revolution, a practical and economical means installing, servicing or repairing rolling doors, of access and security was in need. Rolling operators and accessories meet that definition. doors were a very good way of securing and Most people engaged in the door systems opening commercial facilities. The cost and industry on a full-time basis would agree that clearances required to install these products they should be viewed as professionals. limited their use primarily to the commercial However, it is just as important that end-users market. and the general public share in that view. The formation of an industry providing door and Professionalism goes beyond the pure access systems is a relatively recent technical knowledge of an industry’s development. practitioners. Professionals bring additional qualities to the industry: customer relations, In modern history, the first commercial doors safe work practices, leadership among were swinging and sliding. The swing door colleagues, communication skills, and a was manufactured of wood and made in comprehensive understanding of the industry various designs and styles to complement and the organizations that support it. different architectural requirements. Since the design was simple and could be made by the This program is intended to cover all aspects of typical carpenter on the jobsite, this became commercial rolling doors, operators, and the standard for many years, even centuries. accessories. Specialty options and door types, such as very large custom rolling doors, sheet

Swing type doors served an important purpose expanding. This study guide will focus on the in the early 20th Century, but as commerce rolling door segment of the commercial market. continued to develop, improvements were made. Swing type doors were cumbersome, did not work well over time, required constant The Importance of Fire Walls and Fire cutting as the doors sagged and were Doors especially troublesome in snow. One of the basic principles of The first company to produce the interlocking firefighting is confinement. By slat rolling steel door was founded in establishing compartments, Columbus, Ohio in 1895. These doors solved the damage caused by a fire many of the inherent issues with swing type can be minimized but to do doors and set the stage for the development of this, the entire building must the rolling door industry. As time moved on, the be taken into account. rolling door grew in popularly. More and more companies saw the advantages of this Containment begins with the walls, ceilings and invention and sought individuals to install this floors surrounding the space where a fire new product. Different manufacturing starts. Building codes specify the degree of fire techniques were developed, and options were protection required by these building introduced that enhanced the quality, components in accordance with the degree of installation, and appearance of the doors. This hazard represented by the occupancy, the type innovation has continued unabated to this day. of building construction, and the function served. Standard fire tests were developed for Early installing dealers had a limited market. It judging the fire resistance of various building took many years for buildings to evolve to materials, combinations of building materials accommodate this style of door and for existing and structural assemblies. Based on these doors to reach their expected lives. As more tests, the concept of a firewall was born. But doors were sold, the market expanded, more when was the last time that you saw a wall or installing dealers entered the field. Today this an entire building without any openings in it? still holds true as the commercial market What good is the wall if there are unprotected continues to grow. Rolling doors are only a openings that will allow the easy passage of part of the commercial market today, as fire and hot gasses? This led to the next level sectional doors and a variety of specialty doors of containment – the protection of openings. have been designed to fit a diversity of applications. While firewalls and fire doors serve several functions, the As a result, more specialized, skilled workers primary function is to act as a are required due to the growing diversity and fire barrier and to protect complexity of the products. The door industry openings and enclosures has grown to such an extent that door against the spread of fire and manufacturers have expanded on a global hot gasses within buildings or scale. Additionally, suppliers and vendors of from an external source. This door parts and accessories have emerged as is accomplished by using an equally important segment of the industry. specific products that have Weatherstripping, springs, hardware, windows, been designed, tested and electrical operators and many other related manufactured for this primary reason. As a products have grown proportionately with the result, standard fire tests were developed in demand for commercial doors. More variations, order to rate and examine products to ensure styles, applications and designs are continually that they 1) prevent the passage of heat, flame,

5 hot gasses and burning projectiles: 2) maintain their ability to support anticipated loads; 3) resist temperature transmission through the assembly (applies to firewalls only); and 4) to Industry Organizations withstand the impact and erosion effects of debris. The door and operator industry can be segmented into a number of distinct entities. Firewalls and fire doors are found in all types of The major groups are described below. industrial, commercial and institutional applications. Additionally, fire doors can be Door & Access Systems Manufacturers’ utilized in certain residential applications, such Association (DASMA) is North America’s as in row housing developments. They are an leading trade association of manufacturers of integral component in the overall fire protection garage doors, rolling doors, high performance plan of a facility. They are used to separate doors, garage door operators, vehicular gate buildings into smaller compartments which help operators and access control products. control the spread of fire and limit the fire area. Formed in 1996, DASMA member companies They are counted on to act as a physical manufacture products sold in the United States, barrier and prevent the total destruction of Canada and more than 70 other countries facilities and loss of life when all other means worldwide. DASMA members produce more of fire protection are not operational. than 95 percent of the U. S. market for the door and access systems industry. In addition to serving as fire barriers, fire doors allow for vehicular, conveyor and foot traffic through wall openings that are not a required means of egress. The ability of a fire door to function as a fire barrier is highly dependent on www.dasma.com their reliability to close automatically upon activation of a detection device. The effectiveness of the entire assembly could be International Door Association (IDA), the compromised if any component is omitted, industry’s authoritative voice to dealers, was improperly installed, improperly maintained or formed in 1995 with the consolidation of the replaced by one of substandard quality. Door & Operator Dealers Association and the Far West Garage Door Association. IDA is the Fire doors are an important item in the fire industry network for professional door and protection plan of a facility. When properly operator dealers and installers, along with their installed, maintained and regularly tested, they suppliers. While IDA represents the entire door have demonstrated significantly improved and operator industry by promoting the use of performance compared to fire doors that have professional dealers and installers, it is a not received this attention. This plays a critical membership driven association, relying on the role in their ability to function properly in order input and feedback of its members to create to protect lives and property in fire situations. and deliver programs of value.

www.doors.org

IDA Affiliate Organizations American Fence Association (AFA): A trade association representing the IDA maintains an alliance fence, deck and railing with other door systems industries in the United industry organizations, States and Canada. known as IDA Affiliates. Founded in 1962, AFA, with These organizations are independent its 31-member chapters, associations involved in a variety of offer educational and certification programs, educational, training and social activities. along with networking opportunities. AFA Many companies maintain membership in more played the major role in developing the than one of these associations, as well as with curriculum on which the IDEA Automated Gate IDA. Each group has its own board of directors Operator Installer Certification program is and annual activities plan. based and continues to play a role in the maintenance and periodic updates of the The IDA Affiliates are: curriculum. AFA and its chapters also host certification testing opportunities for automated Australian Garage Door Association gate operator installers. California Operator and Door Association Canadian Door Institute American National Standards Institute Central States Door Dealers Association (U. S. (ANSI): A private, Midwest) non-profit Garage Door Association of Arizona organization that Michigan Door and Operator Dealers Association Northeast Garage Door Association oversees the Northwest Door & Operator Association (Pacific development of Northwest) voluntary consensus standards for products, Professional Door Association of New England services, processes, systems and personnel in the United States. ANSI also coordinates U. S. Institute of Door Dealer Education and standards with international standards so that Accreditation (IDEA): A non-profit educational American products can be used worldwide. foundation established by ARDI, DASMA and The organization facilitates the development of IDA to provide professional door, gate and American National Standards by accrediting operator dealers with the knowledge and skills the procedures for organizations who work required to be competitive in today’s rapidly cooperatively to develop voluntary national changing business environment. IDEA’s goals consensus standards. are to provide educational resources necessary to develop and maintain a successful business, Occupational Safety and Health and to validate and accredit those door and Administration (OSHA): Created by the operator dealers whose standards meet IDEA’s Occupational Safety demanding criteria of business excellence. and Health Act of ARDI and DASMA have since merged, leaving 1970, OSHA IDA and DASMA as the sponsoring promulgates and organizations. enforces safety and health standards in the workplace and provides consultative services Institute of Door Dealer to businesses. OSHA regulations impact Education and Accreditation virtually every job site in America. P.O. Box 236 West Milton, OH 45383 Tel: (937) 698-1027 www.dooreducation.com

Underwriters Laboratories ® (UL): An FM Approvals: An enterprise of FM Global, independent product safety provides independent certification organization, UL tests third-party certification of products and writes standards for products for safety. UL tests more than 19,000 manufacturers. FM types of products, components, materials and Approvals tests property systems each year. UL is an important loss prevention products and certifies those organization to the door and access systems that meet rigorous loss prevention standards. industry, due to UL 325 – Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louvre, and Window Operator International Building Code (IBC): A model Systems, which sets forth safety performance building code developed by the requirements for door and gate operator International Code Council (ICC), systems. the International Building Code has been adopted throughout National Fire Protection Association most of the United States. A (NFPA): A non-profit large portion of the IBC deals with organization founded in 1896, fire prevention. It addresses fire prevention NFPA’s mission is to reduce regarding construction and design and fire the worldwide burden of fire prevention in regard to the operation of a and other hazards on the completed and occupied building. The IBC quality of life, by providing and advocating applies to all structures in areas where it has consensus codes and standards, research, been adopted, except in one and two-family training and education. NFPA is the world’s dwellings. leading advocate for fire prevention and an authoritative source on public safety. This Canadian Standards Association (CSA): A organization is important to the fire door not-for-profit membership-based industry due to NFPA-80, Standard for Fire association serving business, Doors and Other Opening Protectives. NFPA- industry, government and 80 regulates the installation and maintenance consumers. The organization of door systems used to protect openings in develops standards that walls, floors and ceilings against the spread of address needs such as enhancing public safety fire and smoke. and health, advancing the quality of life, helping to preserve the environment and facilitating Consumer Product Safety Commission trade. CSA functions as a neutral third party in (CPSC): A federal agency testing products and developing consensus charged with protecting the standards. public from unreasonable risks of serious injury or death from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC): thousands of types of consumer An independent product products under the agency’s safety testing, jurisdiction. The CPSC is committed to certification and protecting consumers from products that pose inspection organization. a fire, electrical, chemical or mechanical hazard ULC supports or can injure children. The CPSC’s work to governmental product safety regulations and ensure the safety of consumer products complements federal, provincial and municipal includes door and access systems. public safety initiatives. ULC also works with other government and international safety systems to help further international trade. ULC is now merged with UL.

Warnock Hersey: A division of Intertek, provides independent third-party certification of product safety and performance for building and construction products. Warnock Hersey tests and certifies products to indicate compliance to relevant building codes, association criteria, and product safety and performance standards. Warnock- Hersey is a common listing agency for Fire Doors and Fire Rated Countertops.

Texas Department of Insurance (TDI): An agency which regulates the state of Texas insurance industry and issues product evaluations for wind load performance for use in the state of Texas.

Florida Building Commission (FBC): A government agency which issues State- Wide Product Approvals for windload and other products for the state of Florida indicating compliance to provisions of the Florida Building Code.

Miami-Dade County Product Control Division: An internationally recognized government agency which provides product approvals through the issuance of a Notice of Acceptance (NOA) indicating building code compliance for windload and other products used in Miami-Dade and surrounding counties of Florida.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): A US federal government agency created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment. Most noted in the garage door industry for its regulations for Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting (RPP).

Section Two Understanding Codes and

Standards There are basic aspects associated with rolling Building Codes doors that require installers to understand codes and standards. Compliance with existing Published standards applicable to rolling doors standards is essential to professional are referenced in various codes. Usually, installation but having the ability to explain these codes also contain additional applicable codes and standards to customers is evidence provisions. Historically, there have been a of a high level of experience and grants number of “model” business codes and code additional credibility to the professional and the agencies throughout the United States. company. These model building codes may be adopted at the state level with or without state Published Standards amendments and may even be adopted at the municipal level with or without local There are a number of amendments. Larger cities and counties may standards applicable to rolling even write their own building codes. The two doors and operators, some of most prominent “model” building codes are the which dictate methods of International Building Code (IBC), issued by the testing. Prominent standards International Code Council (ICC), and NFPA development organizations include 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, Underwriters Laboratories (UL), American issued by NFPA. The ICC model codes are Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM), and those predominantly adopted throughout the the National Fire Protection Association U.S. The ICC represents – as of January 1, (NFPA). Two applicable standards UL 2000 – a merging of three code agencies: publishes include UL 10B, a fire test standard, and UL 1784, a smoke test standard. Three • Building Officials & Code Administrators applicable standards NFPA publishes includes (BOCA), historically a Northeastern United include NFPA 80, a standard for fire doors and States influence, which formerly published windows, NFPA 252, fire test methods for door the National Building Code (NBC). assemblies, and NFPA 105, a standard for • Southern Building Code Congress installation of smoke control door assemblies. International (SBCCI), historically a Southeastern United States influence, In addition, DASMA is an approved standards which formerly published the Standard development organization accredited by the Building Code (SBC). American National Standards Institute (ANSI). • International Conference of Building DASMA has published voluntary standards Officials (ICBO), historically a Western relating to rolling doors and operators. Various United States influence, which formerly DASMA standards are approved and still published the Uniform Building Code others are undergoing the ANSI recognition (UBC). process and will be published with the ANSI/DASMA designation upon final ANSI These three former model codes are no longer approval. enforced.

One of the best things a professional door volumes and are far too detailed to summarize technician can do is verify the code that is in in this text. However, the volume that is most place in the community where the door is being frequently referenced in door operator installed. Remember that even neighboring specifications is the one specifying standards communities may have differing codes. for Enclosures of Electrical Equipment. These requirements will be covered in the operator Local building codes and officials are only one section of this manual. example of entities which may impose requirements on Rolling Doors. Often, architects, commercial building insurance Seismic Qualification underwriters, risk management individuals and companies, etc. can impose requirements Rolling door installations in public safety and/or above and beyond those required by the local earthquake prone applications may encounter building codes. It is imperative to determine requirements for Seismic Qualification. This these requirements well in advance of ordering means the door requires certificates and/or the door to ensure the door meets the calculations from the manufacturer showing the performance specifications. ability of the door system to endure the loads

anticipated from an earthquake. An example

specification for this is “Metal coiling doors shall Licensing withstand the effects of earthquake motions determined according to ASCE 7.” Withstand Some states and local areas may require a means the rolling door will remain in place specific license to install or service rolling doors without separation of any parts from the door and/or some portions of a door system. Many when subjected to the seismic forces specified. regions do not allow contractors to perform Doors meeting this specification may require work without becoming licensed. To become larger or more frequent wall attachment licensed, it is typically required for a business fasteners, larger shafts, heavier guides, etc. to apply, demonstrate a number of years of experience, and to pass a series of exams The dealer will have to supply the manufacturer which can range in topics such as construction, information from the Architect’s plans in order business, law, contracts, and contractor level for the manufacturer to engineer the door information. These exams are rarely particular properly. Examples of information needed are to rolling doors, but rather usually over general building height, site class (A, B, C or D), construction practices and business operation. occupancy category (I, II, III or IV), building It is often required by law to advertise your code reference, seismic design category, license number and list it on contracts and component importance factor, spectral quotations. Violating licensing laws in areas response-Ss, spectral response-S1, and jamb which require them can result in penalties of configuration. fines, forfeiture, and imprisonment. Research the licensing requirements in the areas where When installing a door subject to these you do work to ensure your company is requirements, the installer should verify that the compliant. components provided match that indicated on the seismic qualification documentation and are installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s NEMA Standards instructions.

Many architectural specifications refer to NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) standards. These standards comprise many 12

Wind Load Requirements Winds are often measured Wind is the organized translation of large by their speeds. amounts of air at one time. It can shape Meteorologists use a landforms, transport dirt and debris miles measuring instrument away, uproot trees, and damage buildings. called an anemometer to From a windy day, to thunderstorm microburst, measure the wind speed tornadoes and hurricanes, Mother Nature can and often report the speed produce unexpected high winds virtually of the peak gusts during a anywhere in the world. This section aims to given wind event. The give a technician a general understanding of smoother the terrain, the faster the wind wind loads and garage doors. speeds can become. Similarly, the more obstructions the wind encounters, the less speed can develop. Required wind load ratings are typically higher in areas near the coast of a large body of water, where there are no obstructions, than in urban areas where numerous closely spaced obstructions are present.

Studies of damage to buildings because of hurricanes and other high wind events found that one common cause of catastrophic building failure was a pressure buildup within the building. Much like inflating a balloon until it pops. Researchers found that the cause of this pressure buildup was a breech somewhere in the exterior envelope of the building which allowed high winds to enter. With nowhere to exit, these high winds cause an increase in pressure that eventually can blow out windows, walls, or even blow off roofs. In terms of wind speed, it is important to understand the units of wind are different A rolling door is significant in a building’s ability whether you talk to a meteorologist or an to withstand high winds because it often closes engineer. The unit of wind speed used by the the largest opening(s) on a building. An open media to discuss weather (especially when door, or one which fails during high winds, can identifying Hurricane Categories) is the one- create a very large breech in the outer minute sustained wind speed, vs. the building envelope. This opening can allow large codes, that use 3-second peak gust. The amounts of wind to enter at once and rapidly difference is that the building code units are increase the internal pressure until the building approximately 15mph higher for the three fails. This is just one reason why it is important second-peak gusts. In building design, it is for doors to carry the wind load rating for the helpful to gauge wind in terms of the load it location it will be installed. exerts on objects it encounters, such as rolling 13 doors. Because of this, required wind load rated doors have undergone special testing to ratings are often specified in psf, or pounds per ensure the wind load performance is square foot. This is the amount of force exerted maintained after several impacts. The testing by the wind in each square foot of exposed involves firing a 2x4 out of a cannon at 34 area. Conversion of wind speed to psf can be a miles per hour and impacting numerous key complex calculation and different methods are areas of the door. To pass this testing, the used from one building code to the next. impact cannot result in a hole in the door DASMA has published a series of Technical exceeding the allowable limits. In addition, the Data Sheets (TDSs) which help to clarify the door must then endure prescribed cyclic wind conversion of wind speed to psf as well as the load testing to ensure the wind load resistance wind load requirements of various building has not been compromised. codes. Impact rating is most commonly Winds can impart forces on a rolling door, and required in hurricane prone building, in two different directions. The first is regions near the coast but can called Positive wind load. In the positive be required outside of this direction, winds hit the door directly and region. According to the attempt to blow the door into the building, International Building Code, the similar to the sail on a sailboat. The second wind-borne debris region is where glazing is direction is called Negative wind load. Typically required to be impact rated. Increasing caused by crosswinds on the side of the requirements for impact resistance have most building and turbulent suction on the trailing recently been driven in part by the insurance end of the building. Negative wind loading industry in an effort to reduce the amount of attempts to suck the door outward. Both water damage caused by impact penetration of loading directions must be accounted for in the the outside envelope of the building. door design to ensure proper performance. There are typically two classifications for rolling Another wind load related performance doors with respect to wind protection. The first requirement in some areas is for Impact is wind load rated products that are designed resistance. High wind events can involve flying to meet a specific pressure rating. These doors debris which can crash into a garage door. have pressure ratings in both the positive and These impacts can cause damage to the door negative direction. The second, in addition to which lessens its wind load resistance, an assembly being rated for pressure, it is particularly if windows are involved. Impact design evaluated to meet the enhanced 14 protection standards that require the complete windlocks could be required. It’s also possible door assembly to have been evaluated for the higher wind load may require a thicker impact-resistance, including the glazing if the gauge curtain. Many of these items of course door has glass. For most of the US, the doors cause the balance weight to go up which could must be designed in accordance with the result in requiring bigger springs. It may not be International Building Code, but for some parts possible to convert a door to handle higher of the U.S. it is required that the doors have wind loads in the field if the door was not approvals from certain approval agencies. ordered with the proper rating. Examples of these include: Florida Product Approval - required for all doors installed in Florida, Miami-Dade Notice of Acceptance - Understanding Loads Exerted by required for Dade and Broward counties in Florida, and Texas Department of Insurance Rolling Doors Wind Storm Inspection - required for areas (Excerpts from DASMA TDS #251) along the Texas coast that need wind storm inspections. No matter which level of Rolling doors can impart significant loads protection that the job requires, it is critical that on the buildings to which they are attached. only the components listed on the wind load There are two different types of loads a design drawing are utilized and no components rolling door will exert on a building called are being substituted unless obtaining approval dead loads and live loads. Dead loading from the manufacturer. would include the weight of the curtain, counterbalance, hood, operator, etc., that is When ordering a door, it is critical to check with supported by the wall above the opening. the building specifications, as well as the local Live loading would result from wind loads authority having jurisdiction, to ensure that a that act on the door curtain. product is ordered that will comply with the wind load requirements. DASMA has published On doors without windlocks, the only wind Technical Data Sheets (TDSs) that can help load force that the curtain exerts on the determine the required wind load ratings in guides is normal to the opening. On doors your area. with windlocks, there is an additional load that is parallel to the opening. This load is Specification of higher wind loads for rolling the catenary tension that results when the doors can result in many product changes curtain deflects sufficiently to allow the which may not be obvious to the untrained eye. windlocks to engage the windbar in the It is important to understand the implications of guide. This force acts to pull the guides specifying higher wind loads because these toward the center of the opening. The door changes can increase the cost of the door. is exposed to a positive load by wind on the First, special engineering is required to ensure outside of the building. A negative load on all components can handle the higher loads the door comes from inside of the building. generated. Guide angle and windbar thicknesses may increase in order to handle The following four site conditions are to be higher loads from windlocks. Similarly, guide avoided: assembly fastener sizes and quantities may increase. In some cases, Larger guides can • Building designed with roll-formed “C” even cause the barrel and bracket sizes to jambs that cannot handle the normal and change in order to ensure proper transition of parallel forces exerted by the door guide the curtain into the guides. If the additional assemblies. The “C” jambs will rotate wind load exceeds the pull limits of alternating under wind load and the door curtain can windlocks, then continuous and/or special be blown out of the guides. Openings on

the steel buildings must have jambs designed for rolling door loads. It is important to distinguish operational wind • Wall above the opening not designed to load, as defined above, from design wind load. handle the total hanging dead load. Face In accordance with ASCE 7, the recognized of wall mounted doors may extend above standard for determining loads on buildings, the opening for 12 to 30 inches. The door design wind load is the wind pressure a fully guide wall angles must be mounted to the closed door is designed to withstand while wall above the opening to support the remaining intact and safely operable after the door. When the door has a hood to cover wind ceases. When the wind force exceeds the the coiled curtain and counter-balance, design load for the door, the door can be blown some provision must be made to fasten out of the guides by being pushed into the the top of the hood and hood supports to building (under positive wind load) or sucked the wall. out of the opening (under negative wind load.) • Concrete masonry unit wall without The design wind load is usually much higher concrete and rebar reinforced jambs than the operational wind load. cannot handle the forces imposed by the door. The design of a steel reinforced Some doors require curtain-mounted windlocks CMU jamb should have at least a 2500 to withstand the specified design wind load. psi concrete rating. A rebar free location When these doors are subjected to high winds, for installation of expansion anchors is the windlocks engage the guide-mounted preferred. windbars, resulting in extreme friction that • Building designed with tilt-up concrete usually prevents vertical movement and may panel walls that include steel jambs not cause the door components to wear faster. If securely attached to the concrete panels. continued effort to open or close the door is Thus, the jambs cannot handle the forces exerted, damage to the curtain or other imposed by the door. The steel jambs component parts may result. must be securely fastened to the wall along the full height of the opening. An electrically operated door subjected to wind load may need to have the door controls wired for constant contact for both opening and Rolling Door Operation under closing the door. This means that the door will move while the open or close button is Wind Load Conditions depressed, and the door will stop when the (DASMA TDS #279) button is released. If the controls are wired for momentary contact on open and close buttons, Under either no wind or minimal wind damage to the door may occur when the conditions, rolling door assemblies perform windlocks engage during opening or closing with minimal contact between the curtain and operation during high winds. the guides, as shown in figures 1 and 3. When subjected to high winds, the curtain will deflect and press against the guide angles, as shown in figures 2 and 4, and the resulting friction may hinder the door operation. The amount of wind required to create this friction varies tremendously from door to door depending on many factors such as door width and slat design (material type, gauge, and shape). The maximum wind load at which a door is still able to operate is called the operational wind load of the door. 16

Rolling Doors and Hurricanes or High Wind Events (DASMA TDS #282 and #291)

Rolling doors are typically in the largest openings associated with building structures. There are several items that should be kept in mind regarding a rolling door’s wind load performance in hurricanes or other high wind events accounted for in building codes.

NOAA’s National Weather Service defines High Wind as follows: “Sustained wind speeds of 40 mph or greater lasting for 1 hour or longer, or winds of 58 mph or greater for any duration.”

1. A rolling door is subject to either being blown into the building or pulled out of the opening. Therefore, backing a vehicle, or placing any other object, against a rolling door is not recommended. Further, this may damage the vehicle or other items used. The appropriate protection is provided with a rolling door that is wind resistant to local requirements. 2. A rolling door should be closed prior to a hurricane or high wind event. The door The deflection of the curtain under load can should be wind resistant to local exert a considerable force on objects in the requirements, and the door rating is only path of the deflecting curtain. The potential valid for a fully closed door. Keeping a inward or outward movement of the curtain rolling door open during a hurricane or under wind load can be very significant, and high wind event leaves the interior walls, should be marked on the floor as a precaution ceilings and roof structure vulnerable to to prevent damage to objects adjacent to the structural damage and possible collapse curtain. The door manufacturer can provide an of the structure. estimate of the maximum deflection of the 3. DASMA does not recommend the curtain under wind load. Warn customers operation of rolling doors during against interfering with this deflection during hurricanes or high wind events. The high wind events. Placing large items, such as increased operational force needed to a fork lift, in the area of deflection of the door manually open or close the door, can hinder the proper wind resistance especially if windlocks are present in the performance of the door. door installation, may result in property damage and/or personnel injury. The door manufacturer should be contacted if 4. Adding any non-manufacturer specified a door will be operated under windy conditions, reinforcement to a rolling door can or if a door is installed on a building with create a dangerous situation that may controlled internal pressure. result in property damage and/or personal injury. Owners should avoid adding reinforcement to a rolling door 17

themselves. A rolling door is not specified or required by the major model operational with any type of permanently building codes. attached exterior reinforcement. Even if such reinforcement were to be attached Although somewhat outdated, ratings are only when the door is in the fully closed sometimes referred to as Class A, B, C, D or E position, altering the door to openings: accommodate the attachments may compromise the door's operational • Class A labels are three-hour rated doors capabilities. for openings in three or four-hour rated 5. There are some coastal areas that are firewalls and in walls that divide a single subject to storm surges where it is more building into distinct fire areas. important that the door “break away” • Class B labels are intended for one and from the structure rather than resist wind one-half hour rated doors for openings in load. Contact your local building two-hour rated partitions. department if the structure in question • Class C labels are intended for three- may be included in this requirement. quarter hour rated doors for openings in walls or partitions between rooms and If you question your rolling door's ability to corridors having a fire resistance rating of resist high wind events or hurricane force one hour. winds, contact a design professional to • Class D labels are intended for openings evaluate both the door and the surrounding in exterior walls subject to a severed fire frame of the opening. Keep in mind that the exposure from outside the building. Such attachments of both the door guides and the doors are generally rated at least three door jambs to the structure are just as critical hours. as the strength of the door itself. • Class E labels are for openings in exterior walls subject to a moderate or light fire exposure from outside the building. Such Fire Rating doors generally are rated at one and one- half hours. There are multiple agencies that are capable of testing and evaluating rolling steel fire doors in Fire door listings can be broken down into three order to label and list door fire ratings. Such types; Label Size, Oversize, and Oversize agencies include UL (and its Canadian Construction Certificate. Label size fire doors counterpart ULC), FM Approvals, and Intertek represent door sizes up to and including the Testing Services (ITS), the parent company of size door tested as indicated in the listing Warnock-Hersey (W-H). Keep in mind that agency file. These doors are constructed these agencies are not responsible for final exactly the same as the tested door and have a approval of a particular product utilized in a label affixed to the bottom bar indicating Label particular application. Size Rolling Fire Door along with listing information, fire rating, and serial number. Rolling steel fire doors are assigned an hourly designation indicating the duration of the fire test exposure. This designation is known as the fire protection rating. For rolling steel fire doors, the most common ratings are three hours, one and one-half hours, one hour and three-quarter hours. A few manufacturers do have four-hour rated door assemblies, but this rating is not

Oversize fire doors represent doors larger in sealed. In this case, the listing of the brush height or width or both than the size door seals assures that the application of the seals tested as indicated in the listing agency file. will not affect the fire rating of the doors, but it These doors have modified construction does not indicate that the door is tested and extrapolated from the tested door. They often listed for smoke protection or air leakage. require larger components and have a label affixed to the bottom bar indicating Oversize Rolling Fire Door along with listing information, fire rating, and serial number.

When required to meet local building code smoke protection requirements or to ensure smoke protection performance, provide a door that is labeled for smoke and draft control, which means it has undergone the UL 1784 test for air leakage and conforms to the Oversize Construction Certificate applies to requirements of NFPA 105, Standard for the doors larger in height or width or both or Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies. otherwise modified from that approved for the manufacturer for Oversize Fire Doors. These For rolling door products, it is typical for smoke doors often require field inspection and drop rated units to also be fire rated. These type test by representatives of the listing agency. units will bear two independent labels, one for a Upon approval, the listing agency will issue an fire rating and the other for air leakage, typically Oversized Construction Certificate indicating referred to as an S label. Per NFPA 105, the approval of the door along with the listing Chapter 2 guidelines, air leakage rated information, fire rating, and serial number. assemblies must incorporate an automatic There will not be a label on the bottom bar. closing device and be signaled to close by activation of local smoke detectors or a central Often the manufacturer can utilize the oversize alarm system. To provide effective smoke construction certificate to expand their Oversize protection, these type units must close long approvals. Because of this, oversize before local temperatures are high enough to construction certificates have become much melt fusible links. less common than previous years.

Smoke Control

Any of the three types of rolling fire doors can offer a varying degree of smoke protection. Without specific testing for smoke infiltration, Rated smoke protection is typically achieved listed brush seals can be installed around the with the addition of UL listed guide and lintel perimeter of an opening to reduce the amount brush seal as well as high temperature silicone of smoke that can pass through an opening sealant. The sealant is applied to all guide when the door is closed and the opening is assembly points, as well as to the entire 19 perimeter of the opposite coil side of the R-Value guides, fascia (if applicable), all brush seal retainers, and any other areas where metal is R-Value is used to measure a material’s in contact with the wall or header. It is resistance to heat flow and is the most important to follow the manufacturer’s commonly used measure for determining the instructions closely to maintain the smoke performance of an insulating product. A rating of the door. product’s R-Value is its ability to retard heat flow. R-Values are presented in numerical Whether the door is smoke rated or not, it is form with a high number indicative of good important to always drop test a fire door to insulating performance and a low number ensure proper operation after any ancillary indicative of poor insulating performance. seals are installed. This is to ensure any Thus, a product with an R-Value of 4.00 is resistance from the additional seals does not more efficient at retarding heat flow than a prevent complete closing of the door. product with an R-Value of 2.00. See DASMA TDS-163 for further information.

Final Approval K-Factor Code administration, final code interpretation and final product approval all fall under the K-Factor is used to measure an insulation Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). As defined material’s thermal conductivity. Thermal in NFPA 80, the AHJ is the organization, office conductivity is defined as the degree to which a or individual responsible for approving material facilitates the flow (conduction) of equipment, an installation or a procedure. An heat. K-Factors are presented in numerical AHJ may be a building code official, a fire form (typically decimals) with a high decimal marshal, a state or federal government official. value indicative of high conduction, which is Their approval is an indication that the product detrimental to insulating performance, and a has been found to comply with applicable low decimal value indicative of low conduction codes and standards adopted by the which is beneficial to insulating performance. jurisdiction in question. General contractors, firefighters, and building owners are not AHJs. K-Factor is calculated by dividing 1 by a product’s insulation R-Value. An example of this calculation is as follows:

Insulation Material: 1.00# Density EPS with an R-Value of 3.85 per inch. Insulation is the ability of a material to retard the flow of energy. Energy will always flow K-Factor Calculation: 1 divided by 3.85 (R- from a high-energy source to a low-energy Value) = .259 (K-Factor) source, such as heat flowing to cold. Insulation can also be effective in retarding the transmission of sound. U-Factor

Heat flow through a material is measured in U-Factor is used to measure the overall British Thermal Units (BTU’s). One BTU is the thermal conductivity of a wall system, or in this amount of heat required to raise the case, a rolling door, by taking into account the temperature of one pound of water one degree thermal conductivity of all of the components Fahrenheit. within the system. Much like a K-Factor, a door system’s U-Factor will typically be presented in 20 decimal form with a low decimal value being more desirable than a high decimal value. The A gas burner propagates flame at one end of U-Factor of an assembly cannot be determined the tunnel and the extent of flame propagation by dividing 1 by the R-Value of the curtain. See along the sample material suspended at the DASMA TDS-163 for further information. tunnel ceiling is measured and compared to that of cement asbestos board and red oak. Typical building codes require that the flame Method of Determining Thermal spread rating for materials used in commercial Performance construction applications not exceed 75.

The thermal performance ratings (Curtain R- value, insulation K-factor, and assembly U- Smoke Developed factor) can be determined either by calculations or by testing. Values derived by The numeric smoke developed rating for any calculations are often based solely on the material is determined by a measuring device, mean section profile and do not account for which is installed in the outlet of the Steiner complexities such as section joints and building Tunnel Testing Machine. As material is burned interfaces. Values derived by testing come by the Steiner Test method, smoke generated directly from test results on a complete during the test is ducted out of the tunnel where installed door system. It is important to its density is measured and recorded. recognize the method used to derive published thermal performance ratings when comparing Typical building codes require that the smoke two products because the two methods developed rating for materials used in produce different results which are not commercial construction applications not comparable. See DASMA TDS-163 for further exceed 450. information on manufacturer’s published insulation values. Sound Transmission

Flame Spread Noise reduction is measured with either STC (Sound Transmission Class) ratings for exterior The numeric flame spread rating for any applications or OITC (Outdoor-Indoor material is a relative comparison to the flame Transmission Class) ratings for interior spread ratings of cement asbestos board (0) applications and is roughly the measure of the and red oak (100). Flame spread is tested and decibel reduction in noise that occurs in a measured in the Steiner Tunnel Testing building partition, such as a rolling door. For Machine. The Steiner test method involves example, if an 80-decibel sound on one side of placing the material to be tested in the ceiling a door is reduced to 50-decibels on the other of the tunnel where it will be exposed to flame side, that door is said to have an STC of 30. and observed through a glass wall for burn characteristics.

Section Three Rolling Door Components Materials and Finishes Stainless Steel Components

Rolling door products are normally comprised Curtain slats and hoods are formed of rolled or of four different materials; aluminum, steel, formed sheet metal in varying gauges. Bottom stainless steel, or wood. Due to the lower bar and guides are built up from formed melting point of aluminum and the flammability stainless steel plate or structural stainless steel of wood, aluminum and wood are not used for angles. Because of its roll forming and welding any critical fire door components. That leaves capabilities, most stainless used for rolling steel and stainless steel as the base material product components is grade 304. for rolling fire rated products. Type 304 stainless - is the most versatile, and one of the most widely applied of the 300 Steel Sheet Metal Components Series stainless steels. It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. It is readily break

or roll formed into a variety of other parts for Slats are galvanized with zinc coatings ranging application in the industrial, architectural, and from G40 to G90. In many cases slats are also transportation fields. Type 304 stainless has finished with at least one layer of baked-on excellent corrosion resistant properties, primer and polyester top coat. Hood coatings exceeding that of Type 302 in a wide variety of may match the curtain or at a minimum be corrosive media. painted steel. Other exposed ferrous non- galvanized components are supplied at minimum with a coat of primer, paint, or powder coating. Most Common Stainless Steel Finishes

Steel Components #4 Polished Finish is produced by abrasive belt polishing of cold rolled stainless steel sheet, Standard or available coatings are dependent plate or strip. Since polished grain lines follow on the manufacturer. one direction, hand or machine polishing after fabrication can restore finish. In welded Hot dip galvanizing – Hot liquid process applies assemblies the weld beads are first ground a protective zinc coating in a metallic silver smooth and then re-polished to blend with finish. original finish. Polished finishes can be cleaned frequently without changing surface Cold galvanizing – zinc rich spray on liquid appearance. This general purpose polished coating or zinc rich powder coating is applied to finish finds wide application in restaurant metal components for enhanced protection equipment, dairy equipment, food processing, against weather and corrosion. medical and chemical equipment, as well as various architectural products. Powder coating – an electrostatic applied polymer is baked-on to steel components 2B Finish is the basic general-purpose cold providing a durable finish in a wide array of rolled finish. Its smooth gray surface finish color choices. varies depending upon stainless type and thickness, with thin sections usually brighter

22 than thicker sections. It is used for an extremely wide variety of fabricated parts.

Structural Stainless Primary Finish (Mill Finish) is produced after hot rolling when the heavier gauge plate and sheet products are annealed and pickled. Resultant surface is dull etched and some variation in appearance can be expected. This finish is generally used in industrial applications where surface smoothness and uniformity of appearance are not critical factors.

Aluminum Finishes

Most aluminum components are constructed from aluminum extrusions which are preformed and cut to length for the door. Aluminum can also be rollformed into various shapes. Aluminum slats typically are available in 14 and 16-gauge material.

Aluminum can be finished in a variety of ways. Most aluminum doors are mill finish, and for more corrosive environments or better appearance, anodized, primed and painted, or powder coated finishes are available.

Aluminum is also commonly used on rolling grilles. Available in mill finish, anodized, or powder coated, grille curtains are often made using aluminum links and hollow or solid aluminum rods.

Typical Rolling Door Components

Curtains Many fire door manufacturers offer insulated fire doors. The insulated slats of fire doors are The door curtain is the largest component on typically made using mineral wool insulation the door in terms of the area of the opening it material because of its fire resistance covers. The curtain is the component of the properties. Mineral wool is produced by a door that travels up and down in the guides of special process of spinning molten rock the door. It is assembled by sliding interlocking through an air stream somewhat like the slats together and secured by means of process used to make cotton candy. This endlocks on alternating or every slat. The process creates fine, intertwined fibers which endlocks will prevent the curtain from sliding have insulating and sound dampening apart during use and prolong the life of the properties as well as excellent fire resistance. curtain. When assembled, the curtain is Further processing turns these fibers into a attached to the barrel of the door with barrel workable insulation material that can be laid in rings or directly to the barrel assembly with between the front and backer slats of an either fastening sections or a starter slat(s). insulated fire door.

Insulated fire doors typically have an R value between 4 and 5 and an STC/OITC rating of around 20 decibels. Reference your specific manufacturer for exact ratings.

Examples of typical slat profiles, from left to right, are; small curved slat, large curved slat, small flat slat, large flat slat, insulated slat, aluminum extruded slat, and wood slat:

The curtain configuration varies based on the type of door. Solid curtain slats are made of stainless steel, prime painted steel, galvanized Slats are normally provided in 24, 22, 20, and steel, aluminum (mill or anodized), or wood. 18-gauge thickness with some large slats using Slats are produced in a curved or flat 16 or even 14-gauge. The finish on the configuration in a variety of sizes. Insulated galvanized steel curtain can be left unpainted curtain slats have an added backer slat and or phosphate treated for paint adhesion, prime foam is used to fill the gap between them. This painted, finish painted, powder coated and/or insulation improves the door’s resistance to finished with a zinc rich coating to prevent heat flow and sound transmission. The foam corrosion. Except for secondary finishes such may be foamed-in-place during slat production as powder coating, the prime paint and finish or laid in place during curtain assembly. paint are applied prior to the roll-forming process. The finish on the stainless steel Insulated Rolling doors typically have an R curtain is typically a #4 polished finish, however value between 6 and 8 and an STC/OITC 2B finish is available from some manufacturers rating of around 20 decibels. Reference your when the doors are in a corrosive environment specific manufacturer for exact ratings. and aesthetics is not an issue.

Rolling door slats interlock together differently Fenestrated Slats for a door mounted on the inside of a building vs. a door mounted on the outside of a When greater air or light penetration is desired, building. The orientation of the slats is reversed fenestrated slats are available. These slats are to provide proper watershed and prevent water similar to perforated slats but have larger infiltration into the building. This orientation is rectangular cutouts instead of small holes such that the upper slat bead on the outdoors which can improve the durability of the slat. side of the door covers the slat joint preventing Fenestrated slats can comprise the entire door, water from infiltrating the slat connection. If the or just a few rows of slats depending on how slats were not properly oriented when much light and air penetration is desired. assembled, water would collect inside the individual slat beads and ultimately penetrate into the building. It is important to specify interior vs. exterior mounting when the door is ordered to ensure the slats are assembled for proper watershed.

Vision Slats

Like fenestrated slats, vision slats utilize rectangular cutouts in the slats with clear

coverings to create small windows in the door. Perforated Slats They are typically grouped in rows of multiple slats at eye level of the door to provide visibility Perforated slats are available with multiple to the opposite side of the door. The clear small holes punched in the slats on a tightly coverings prevent bugs and weather from repeated pattern. These slats allow air and entering and allow light to pass through the light to flow through the door while still curtain. maintaining security and strength. The smaller holes of perforated slats can also prevent most insects from entering through the curtain.

Grille Curtains Endlocks/Windlocks

Grille Curtains are constructed from solid or Endlocks are the hollow rods, links and spacers which are laced component of the door together to form a pattern. Available in curtain that prevents aluminum, steel, and stainless steel, grille the slats of the curtain curtains are most commonly produced in from sliding apart or straight and brick patterns of various pattern shifting during the lengths. travel of the door. Rolling Door Endlocks Straight Pattern: typically are constructed of cast iron, stamped steel or nylon, and are usually riveted to both ends of alternating slats. Fire product endlocks are constructed of cast iron or stamped steel. They are typically riveted to both ends of each or alternating slats. Specifications sometimes call for endlocks on both ends of each slat, or continuous endlocks.

In certain applications, endlocks utilize a windlock design. Windlocks incorporate a locking tab to secure the curtain inside the guides, preventing the curtain from releasing in high wind environments or to meet specific windload requirements. When utilizing windlocks, guides must be adapted to incorporate a windbar. The windbar allows the windlocks to engage and hold the curtain in place under windload for the designed PSF Brick Pattern: rating. Specifications or windload requirements may sometimes call for windlocks on both ends of each slat, or continuous windlocks.

Guides

Guides retain the edges of the curtain within the opening. Guides are available in various materials. Steel guides can be powder coated, prime painted, galvanized, non-galvanized (bare), stainless steel or zinc rich coated to prevent corrosion. Aluminum extruded guides are also available for non-fire rated products in some of these finishes along with mill finish and anodized.

Typically, the tops of Second, wall construction and building material the guides are flared clearances influence guide design. There are (bellmouth), providing a two primary designs for face of wall mounted smooth transition for the guides with regards to wall fastening and both curtain to enter into the affect only the wall angle – the part of the guide guides. Stops are that attaches to the wall. installed at the tops of the guides to prevent On steel jambs the wall the curtain from exiting angle can be bolted to the the guides. Some jamb or welded to the face designs combine the of the jamb in accordance flare and the stops into one component. with the manufacturer’s listing. The toe of the wall The inside of the guide opening may contain a angle is pointing toward the windbar on windload rated or larger doors. A jamb opening. This type of windbar is a channel or bar welded inside the guide configuration is also guide opening which engages the windlocks known as an “E” type guide. under windload. This prevents the curtain from FM does not allow Fire Door guides to be releasing from the guides when wind is welded to steel jambs. present. When mounting to wood, masonry or concrete, the mounting fasteners are moved away from the edge of the opening. This prevents the jamb corners from cracking. The distance from the edge should be at least 6 times the diameter of the fastener according to NFPA 80. In this case the toe of the wall angle is pointed away from the jamb opening. This type of configuration is also known as a “Z” type guide. There are three issues that determine the design of the guides on rolling doors. Third, the way in First, since the guide angles are fastened to the which a guide is wall and provide the only supporting connection attached to the between the door and the wall they must be jamb can also sized correctly to support the weight of the affect the guide counterbalance assembly and curtain design. There assembly. Guide construction and fastener are times that type must be designed around the intended because of head loads as well as any other loading room and/or side requirements such as fire rating, wind loads or room limitations Between Jambs seismic loads. the guide cannot Guide mount on the face of the jamb. In these cases, the guide is 28 mounted within the jamb opening or between guides during a fire. There are two types of jambs mounted. This application normally uses expansion clearance. a four-angle guide design, as opposed to a standard three-angle design. The addition of Upward the fourth angle provides clearance from the expansion jamb to accommodate drive and tension side is when components of the door. the expansion There are several ways in which to attach the clearance guides to the jamb. On steel jambs, drill and is at the tapping using machine bolts or welding in top of the place. When welding guide angles to the face door and of steel jambs, strict adherence to the the guides manufacturer’s requirements regarding number are of welds and length of welds is required. On designed solid masonry jambs the use of expansion to move anchors is acceptable. Expansion anchors upwards during a fire. Fasteners attaching the must be manufactured from zinc, cadmium guides to the wall must be located at the tops coated steel or stainless steel. On hollow block of the wall mounting slots so that the guide walls the guides shall be attached by means of angles can slide upwards during a fire. These through-the-wall type bolts and crush plates. fasteners typically use special galvanized or When attaching fire door guides to the jambs, it fiber washers to aid with this guide movement is important to follow the manufacturer’s during a fire. It is critical to ensure proper directions for upward or downward expansion clearance at the top of the door to maintain this and be in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard upward expansion. for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. Downward expansion is when the expansion NOTE: The installer should only use clearance is at the bottom of the door and the manufacturer supplied fasteners and verify guides are designed to move downward during then against the installation manual. NFPA 80 a fire. This requires the guides to be shimmed does not approve the use of lead anchors for an additional distance off the floor during Fire Door installations. Do not use lead anchors installation to provide the required clearance. to install any component of a Fire Door. Wall mounting fasteners in downward expansion designs are required to be installed at the bottoms of the wall mounting slots such Fire Door Guide Expansion Clearance that the guide angles can slide downward in a fire. These fasteners also typically use special The fire door guides are exposed to a galvanized or fiber washers to aid with guide tremendous amount of heat in a fire event. movement during a fire. In some cases, it may Steel expands as temperatures increase, be necessary to install additional metal which causes the guide angles to grow in shielding at the bottom of the guides to cover length. This guide expansion must be gaps for expansion clearance and/or from compensated for with the guide and door shimming the guides level. designs to prevent catastrophic failure in the event of a fire. One way this is done is by The requirements for upward and downward incorporating Expansion Clearance into the expansion vary from one manufacturer to door design. Expansion clearance is an another depending on their listing agency’s amount of space built into the door design to approval. The amount of expansion required is accommodate the length increase of the typically 1/8” per foot of height. It is crucial to

29 the safe function of a fire door to strictly adhere curtain from exiting the guides when the door is to the manufacturer’s installation instructions open. By contacting the stops, the door cannot for guide expansion at installation. Failure to proceed up into the hood mechanism causing follow these instructions could result in failed damage to various door components. On fire protection in the event of a fire. rated products, the bottom bar also provides hanging weight required to initiate automatic fire door closing. Bottom Bars Bottom bars can be finished in a variety of The bottom bar ways. Steel bottom bars can be galvanized, is the part of the painted, powder coated or left unfinished. door curtain that Stainless steel bottom bars can be mill finish, rests on the floor 2B or #4 finish. Aluminum bottom bars are or sill. It is available in anodized, mill finishes, primed and constructed of painted or powder coated finishes. structural or roll- formed steel or Bottom bars typically have a label affixed which aluminum identifies the manufacturer and serial number angles, tubes or of the door. Fire Door bottom bars have the aluminum extrusions. Typical construction is Fire Door label, and smoke label if applicable, two angles mounted back-to-back with a half affixed which identifies the manufacturer, listing slat sandwiched between the angles. Some agency, fire and/or smoke rating, and serial small door designs or doors used with number of the door. conveyor systems might have only one angle as the bottom bar. The bottom bar is notched, It is important that the information on bottom or coped, at the ends so that the vertical bar labels be retained for replacement parts portion of the angle can extend into the guide. and future service work. For Fire doors, replacement parts and bottom bars, if needed, Bottom bars perform several functions, which may only be supplied by the original fire door are important to the design and security of the manufacturer. product. The bottom bar reinforces the curtain assembly and can greatly deter someone from lifting or prying them up to gain access under Barrel the door. The bottom bar provides a surface in which a lock can be mounted to secure the The barrel is a cylindrical member, steel tubing door. It can also be equipped with an astragal or pipe, whose main function is to house the for weather protection or a sensing device for counterbalance spring(s) and related hardware. safety. On an electrically operated door Pre-drilled holes in the barrel or barrel rings equipped with the bottom bar sensing device, allow for attachment of the curtain to the barrel. the door will stop and reverse when it detects an obstruction. The bottom bar prevents the

The barrel must be large enough to house all to drop from the open position upon activation the springs required to correctly balance the from a signaling device. The signaling device door. The industry practice indicates that the can be a heat sensing fusible link, a smoke barrel pipe shall not deflect more than .03” per detector, or the building alarm system. This can foot of width. be accomplished by several means. For conventional style systems, upon activation One end of the barrel is the tension end and from the signaling device, a release arm or the opposite end is the drive end. If a door is drop arm disengages the drive mechanism designated as right hand operated, the drive from the barrel and allows for a release of a end is located on the right side of the door. The portion of the spring tension from the tension end contains the counterbalance counterbalance mechanism. Releasing the mechanism and the tension shaft is connected spring tension provides the energy to start to the springs. Drive rotating the barrel (and attached curtain) and shafts consist of a short gears resulting in the closure of the door. This solid shaft with one or counterbalance release should only be more round plates performed from the full open position as non- welded to the shaft and repairable damage to the release components pipe called a plug end. and/or barrel counterbalance system may Plug End occur if released while the door is at the closed position.

Counterbalance Mechanism Other fire door systems utilize a counterbalance mechanism that is already

underbalanced. A brake prevents the door from The counterbalance mechanism consists of falling during normal operation and a governing one or more helical torsion spring(s) and device controls the closing speed of the door. related hardware and is housed within the Rate of closure upon release is outlined in barrel. The springs are designed to NFPA 80: The door shall close not slower than compensate for the weight of the curtain and to 6 inches per second (152 mm per second) and facilitate the desired method of operation. The not faster than 24 inches per second (610 mm counterbalance mechanism will not balance the per second). door at all intervals of the opening and closing cycle. The door, when balanced properly, should hold tight in the open position. In the closed position, the door should rest on the Cycles floor with minimal lift. A cycle is defined as one opening plus one On fire door designs, the counterbalance closing of a door. The springs within the mechanism must be designed, manufactured counterbalance mechanism of a rolling door are and installed in such a way that allows the door engineered to last a predetermined number of 31 operational cycles. Most rolling doors manufactured today are engineered with Brackets minimum 20,000 cycle springs. Higher cycle springs are available from manufacturers, and The brackets are typically specified as 25,000, 50,000 and provide structural 100,000 cycles. support for the barrel, Selection of higher cycle springs should be counterbalance based on the anticipated usage of the door in mechanism, curtain application. A door which is expected to be assembly, and opened and closed many times throughout the hood. They are course of a day would require higher cycle constructed of steel, springs than a door which is only opened and stainless steel or closed once at the beginning and end of the day. aluminum and are It is important to assess the application’s usually square or anticipated duty cycle in advance of ordering the rectangular in door such that the springs can be designed for shape. The finish on sufficient cycle life. a steel bracket can be galvanized or painted. The stainless steel The result in specifying higher cycle springs is bracket can be mill finish, 2B or #4 finish. The the use of larger diameter spring wire and longer brackets will have pre-drilled holes for bolting to springs. These larger springs are stronger and the top of the guide wall angles. They also therefore last longer. In some cases, a process provide support for attachment of gears, known as shot peening is used to extend the life electric operators, chain hoists, automatic of the springs. Shot peening corrects surface closing devices (release mechanism), imperfections created in the manufacture of the governors, tension wheels, etc. and will house spring by bombarding the surface of the spring the bearing for the drive shaft. The bracket on with small pellet-like spheres. This extends the the drive side is known as the drive bracket and life of the spring providing additional operational the tension side bracket is known as the cycles. tension bracket.

Rolling doors with higher cycle springs specified often also utilize heavy duty support bracket Operating Mechanism bearings, as well as thrust bearings within the barrel, to provide longer life of components other For non-manually operated rolling doors, there than the springs. Refer to the manufacturer’s are typically operating mechanisms mounted recommended maintenance schedule to help on the outboard side of the drive bracket. achieve the expected life of the door. Depending on the type of operation, these mechanisms could be as simple as mounting a Torsion springs are made in combinations of wire sprocket on the drive shaft, to complex size and coil diameter to operate safely and compound reduction chain hoists and fire door efficiently. Springs are always kept within Index drop out mechanisms. Operating mechanisms Ratio, or IR- parameters. The IR is the ratio of wire can vary tremendously from one manufacturer size to coil diameter. to the next and are far too complex in scope to cover them all in this text. Reference the manufacturer’s information for details on

specific operating mechanisms. Some manufacturers factory assemble the operating

32 mechanisms to the drive brackets to aid field apply tension to the springs. Tension is applied assembly. while the curtain is in the closed position. The top most slats are typically shorter than the rest of the door to provide access to the tension Tension Wheel wheel while the door is closed. On larger doors where extreme tension is required, a worm- Tension wheels are a component attached to gear or other winding mechanism may be the counterbalance assembly tension shaft, mounted to the tension bracket so that tension which controls the spring tension as it is can be applied while the door is in the opened applied and locked to the bracket. These position. typically mount on the outboard side of the tension side bracket and have outwardly When Inside tension holders are used, a cradle radiating holes to receive is mounted inside the bracket and the tension winding bars for applying shaft is pinned through the cradle. The shaft spring tension. A tension may contain alternating holes for winding the wheel can be connected shaft, or tension to the tension shaft with may be applied by keys and setscrews, pre-charging the pins, or with interfacing barrel before shaft and hub shapes assembling the such as a D or Hex curtain. The top shape. They are most most slats may also commonly made of stamped steel, cast steel, be shorter than the or cast iron and range in size depending on the rest of the door to amount of spring tension for the door. provide access to apply tension the shaft while the door Inside Tension Device is closed.

An inside tension device is typically used on counter doors and between jambs applications where side room is limited. There are two types Compound Tension Device of inside tension devices, inside tension wheels and inside shaft holders. Inside tension devices A compound tension device provides a gear create a more finished look on counter doors reduction between the tension wheel and the and may be required on between-jambs tension shaft. This gear reduction reduces the applications. amount of force the installer must exert in order to apply the initial tension to the springs. These As the name implies, are used on very large, heavy rolling doors inside tension wheels where the required spring tension is high. A full have the tension revolution of the tension shaft will require wheel mounted on the multiple revolutions of the tension wheel. interior side of the Therefore, spring turns must be counted from the tension bracket. A tension shaft, rather than the tension wheel. It is cradle is mounted to important to follow the manufacturer’s installation the tension bracket instructions closely when utilizing compound and the tension wheel tension devices to ensure the spring tension is is used to turn the safely contained. tension shaft and

Inertia Brake which looks the same as the inside of the door curtain. Slat hoods are less popular than sheet A unit that is attached to the door shaft and hoods because the complex shape of the slats bracket or wall which will stop the door from can trap dirt and debris. free falling should there be a catastrophic failure in the motor operator brake, roller chain The hood performs multiple functions. First it drive or tension spring assembly. When the serves as a cover for the counterbalance shaft is moving above a certain RPM, the unit assembly and the rolled curtain. This helps to will lock up the shaft, preventing it from moving prevent items such as dirt and debris from until the door can be repaired. Inertia brakes interfering with the coiling and un-coiling of the are recommended for spring-less doors, very curtain as the door travels. The second function large doors with very large out of balance, and it serves is a stabilizer for the drive bracket and are sometimes specified. They are often tension bracket. The hood is mounted between chosen as a redundant failure device to the two brackets and helps to prevent the prevent the door from freefalling in the event of brackets from shifting or bowing out. Wider spring or operator failure. doors will require multiple hood sections with intermediate hood support(s) or bracing.

On fire rated Hoods products, the hood also serves A hood is a sheet as a barrier that metal housing that prevents flames mounts horizontally from making their between the brackets, way around the serving as an coil area. Some enclosure for the coiled curtain and closing the manufacturers space between the door coil and the lintel. The and/or listing hood on a rolling door is constructed of steel or agencies may stainless steel and typically is the same also require the material and finish as the door curtain. The use of a flame hood can be round or square in shape to attach baffle that mounts on the inside of the hood. at the brackets and can be attached at various The flame baffle is an additional component points along the wall above the opening. The that prevents the spread of flame around the top and bottom edges of the hood are bent or barrel of the door, which prevents the flame curled to add rigidity over the length of the from reaching the other side of the opening. hood. The flame baffle will be held away from contact Some doors utilize door with the curtain during normal operation by the slats to make a hood, sash chain or cable and released to contact the called a Slat Hood. These coil in an activated state. Flame baffles are hoods are made by required on all doors utilizing a Factory Mutual assembling a (FM) label. Intermediate hood supports may be predetermined number on the exterior side of the hood when a flame curtain slats with end baffle is present. locks and fastening them such that the slats wrap around the bracket. These hoods typically match the material and finish of the door curtain and provide a hood 34

Longer hoods and designed to close the space between the hood wider doors utilizing and the door coil to restrict air infiltration. These multiple hood hood baffles rely solely on the hood for support sections will require and may require special installation techniques the use of if internal hood supports are required. Fire intermediate hood doors may utilize a flame baffle to prevent the support(s). An passage of fire. intermediate hood support is a rigid A specialty hood option available from some member which is manufacturers is a sloping hood. Sloping hoods contoured to the are formed with a larger slope to the upper, flat shape of the hood portion of the hood. These are used for exterior and mounted to the door applications where heavy snow loads or wall between the watershed requirements are anticipated. brackets. The hood is then attached to the support to give the hood rigidity. These may mount on the inside or the outside of the hood Governors depending on if there is a baffle present. These support the middle of the hood to prevent The governor is a speed control mechanism sagging and provide an attachment point for that controls the rate of descent of an multi section hood splices. automatic closing fire door. There are various types of governing devices. The most common When the door is mounted under a lintel, a governing devices are ratcheting secondary hood called a fascia (backhood) is (escapement), viscous and centrifugal provided. A fascia panel is a finished metal governors. cover used to conceal the opening which remains when the door height is less than the The ratcheting height of the opening. They are most (escapement) type commonly used on doors that are installed on uses a mechanism under lintel applications, to enclose the that ratchets up counterbalance and curtain assembly on the and down or side opposite coil side of the door. to side in conjunction with a The attachment of the hood or fascia to the wall notched wheel. or brackets only supports the weight of the This provides hood itself. Hood mounting does not provide mechanical resistance preventing the wheel any structural support of the rest of the door. from free spinning and slowing the fall of the door. These types of governors can be noisy Weather protective during drop testing depending upon the method doors will have of mechanical resistance. hoods with internal hood baffles to The viscous governor minimize air uses liquids of varying infiltration. Typically density (determined by made of plastic or weight) housed in a rubber, an internal notched wheel device. hood baffle is a flat Rotation of the viscous sheet mounted governor forces the fluid inside the hood through the notches and provides resistance to

35 higher speeds of rotation. The faster the door assemblies, they shall be labeled and governor spins, the more fluid is forced through installed in accordance with their listing. the notches causing greater resistance. When countertops are to be provided and installed with counter fire doors, both labeled Centrifugal governors plastic laminate and labeled stainless steel are a speed activated countertops are available from counter fire braking device typically door manufacturers. Labeled countertops achieved using normally carry a 1.5 hour rating and are arrangements of spring available in various shapes to fit both face of loaded brake pads. The wall or between jamb mount installations. The faster the governor countertops have minimum projection spins, the greater the amount of centrifugal requirements beyond the centerline of the force causing greater resistance. These curtain and beyond the width of the guide governors sometimes require additional assembly. Check with individual suppliers for sprocket and/or gear reductions to increase the specific configuration requirements and size rotational speed of the governor. limitations.

Automatic closing fire doors shall close no slower than 6 inches per second (152 mm per second) and no faster than 24 inches per second (610 mm per second). A governing device is required on all units that require controlled automatic closing speed to meet the requirements as stated per NFPA 80.

Countertops are generally supplied in 3 Sills and Countertops shapes; Rectangular, “T” shaped, and “H” shaped (sometimes referred to “I” shaped): All automatic closing rolling fire doors need to come to rest in full width contact with either the floor or a countertop to completely close off the opening to provide required fire protection. NFPA 80 states that the floor structure beneath rolling fire doors needs to be constructed of a noncombustible material and shall extend through the door opening. Special noncombustible sill material construction is required to extend through the opening if combustible floor material is located beneath the fire door opening.

Service Counter Fire Doors in NFPA 80 covers interlocking slat type door curtains integrally mounted in a four-sided frame that forms a labeled door and frame assembly and counter fire doors that mount to noncombustible opening framing. When countertops are supplied separately from the balance of the

The following guidelines apply to fire rated o The countertop must extend a countertops: minimum of 4” beyond each jamb on the sides of the door under the guides. • The countertop must be within the o For “T” shaped countertops, the minimum and maximum dimensions countertop must extend through the allowed by the listing agency. See opening at least to the face of the manufacturer’s data sheet and countertop finish on the opposite coil side of the shop drawing. door. • Single piece countertops are provided for o The fire rated wall at each jamb and smaller opening widths and two-piece below the countertop must align with countertops with a center joint may be one another. required for wider openings. • Between Jambs Mounting • Depending on the listing agency approval, o The countertop must extend a it may be required for all surfaces of minimum of 6” beyond the centerline laminated countertops to be laminated, of the door curtain towards the coil including those which are not visible. side of the door. • The listing agency label must be visible at • For “H” and “Offset H” shaped all times after installation. countertops, sometimes referred to as “I” shaped countertops, the overall width and • The countertop cannot be modified in the height of the opening must allow for the field. This means there can be no holes installation of the countertop. The drilled, no trimming, and no other countertop must fit through the opening modifications of any kind other than those diagonally in order to be installed. prescribed in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. All other trades must work around the Architect’s prescribed fabrication dimensions to Options and Accessories ensure the proper fit of the fire rated countertop. • Not all laminates are approved for fire Locks rated laminated countertops. Contact the manufacturer for a list of approved There are various different types of locks laminates. available for different applications. Most types • It is best to provide radius corners on the of locks are located on the bottom bar public/corridor side of the countertop assembly to secure the door. The basic lock when applicable to prevent injury to system is the slide lock which is mounted to people walking by. the bottom bar and slides through a hole in the guide to secure the door. Cylinder locks use • Radius edges are recommended on the rods and guides to allow the lock rod to slide tenant side of the countertop. under an adjustable stop or through a hole in • Adequate mounting support inside the fire the guide assembly. Counter doors and gates rated wall must be provided by others to may use a center lock at the middle of the support the anticipated loads on the bottom bar that locks to the floor or countertop. countertop. To prevent damage, doors with motor • Face of Wall Mounting operators must be installed with an electrical o The countertop must extend a interlock to prevent accidental operation while minimum of 6” into the room on the the door is locked. coil side of the door.

Weather Seals Exterior Mounted Doors

Weather seals are used to limit air infiltration There are two primary differences between an around the perimeter of a rolling door. interior and exterior mounted service door. Typically, this is accomplished by utilizing a The first is the slat orientation. With exterior vinyl or a brush seal with a rigid retainer. These mounted doors, the slats are oriented in a seals can be attached to the guides or to the fashion to prevent water infiltration into the jamb systems as required. Additionally, the interior of the building. The second is that the bottom seal, or astragal, can be factory operating mechanism and winding installed as part of the bottom bar assembly. mechanisms are provided with a weather For Fire Doors, contact the door manufacturer resistant enclosure to prevent damage from for guidance on the approval of auxiliary natural elements or are thru-wall mounted. weather and smoke seals. Always drop test a fire door after adding any additional weather seals to ensure the seals do not interfere with the closing operation of the Fire Door.

Brush Seal

Wearstrips

Wearstrips are a component incorporated into the guide to reduce noise and wear from curtain rubbing during operation. These are Fascia Panel made from smooth materials like plastic, felt, or wool pile and sometimes incorporate weather A fascia panel is a finished metal cover used to seals. They run the vertical length of the guides conceal the opening which remains when the providing a barrier between the curtain and the door height is less than the height of the guides anywhere the two come in contact. opening. They are most commonly used on Wearstrips may be factory attached, clipped doors that are installed on under lintel onto a guide as an accessory item in the field, applications, to cover the exposed side of the or integrated into the guide profile itself. coil.

ANSI/DASMA 203 Standard for Non-Fire Rated Rolling Doors Among the primary 1.5 See informational statements in activities of DASMA Appendix A on important design and is the publication of operation information. standards for the 2.0 Definitions – See Glossary of Terms at the Door and Access back of this manual. Systems industry. 3.0 General ANSI/DASMA 203 is 3.1 Windloads a voluntary standard 3.1.1 Door system shall be designed defining minimum to withstand a minimum wind design and load as required by the authority performance having jurisdiction over the requirements for geographic location where the non-fire rated rolling door is to be installed. When doors. This standard required by the authority having is outlined below to jurisdiction, structural tests shall aid in understanding be in accordance with DASMA the performance 206 or other accepted means requirements of rolling doors and related required by the authority having components. jurisdiction. 3.1.2 Where resistance to windborne 1.0 Scope debris is required by the 1.1 This standard defines minimum design authority having jurisdiction over and performance specifications for non- the geographic location where fire rated rolling doors in commercial and the door is to be installed, a industrial applications, consisting of door system shall meet the assembled, interlocking slats of steel, requirements of DASMA 205 or stainless steel, or aluminum. other accepted means as 1.2 This standard for non-fire rated rolling required by the authority having door assemblies shall be intended to jurisdiction. cover commercial and industrial type 3.1.3 Exception: Counter shutter warehouses, factories and other doors are not wind loaded. facilities. Rolling doors intended for 4.0 Material Thickness frequent use should be designed for 4.1 Metal gauge shall comply with high cycle operation. Refer to section Figure 1. 11.1.2. 5.0 Guide Assemblies 1.3 This standard is not intended to cover 5.1 Guide assemblies shall contain the doors such a rigid, folding or multi-leaf curtain edges throughout the door sectional type doors, fire-rated rolling operation and under the required doors, coiling doors without interlocking wind load. slats (sheet doors), perforated slat 5.2 Guide assembly design shall allow construction or special applications. for installation variances in the 1.4 Without limitation, DASMA does not distance between left and right represent or imply that this standard guides of ±1/8 inch (3 mm) within the relates to any component or system specified value provided by the door other than the rolling doors expressly manufacturer. identified and described herein. 5.3 Guide assemblies shall be constructed to support the total

weight of the door and the wind loads 7.2 A bottom bar shall be designed to transmitted by the curtain. incorporate locks that engage at one 5.4 Guide assemblies shall include or both ends of the bottom bar. If a curtain stops on the guides to ensure locking mechanism is incorporated the bottom bar stops at a designated on a motor operated door, one of the position. following shall be installed: 6.0 Curtains 7.2.1 An interlock switch, or switches, 6.1 Curtain slats shall interlock to allow activated by the lock the full range of angular rotation mechanism. required to wrap around the barrel 7.2.2 An operator with the ability to assembly without binding or sense either torque or starting separation. current to the motor. 6.2 Curtains shall be designed to resist 8.0 Brackets lateral motion. 8.1 Brackets shall be designed to 6.3 Where windlocks are required, support the weight of the barrel windlock construction, material and assembly and the total curtain attachment to curtain shall be assembly weight. adequate to resist wind load. 9.0 Hoods and Hood Baffles 6.4 When subjected to the provisions of 9.1 Hoods, when specified, shall be Section 3.1, curtain performance constructed with gauge thickness in shall be such that the door shall accordance with figure 1. remain operable after removal of the 9.2 A hood, or hood fasteners, shall not wind load. be in contact with the curtain during 6.5 The attachment of the curtain to the any position of the door. barrel and curtain slats shall be 9.3 A hood baffle (when required) shall designed to not pull apart when maintain full-width contact with the subjected to operating forces. curtain when the door is closed. 6.6 Steel slats shall conform to ASTM 9.4 A hood baffle shall not hinder A653/A653M, G40 minimum zinc operation of the door. coating, with grade chosen by 10.0 Fascia manufacturer to meet performance 10.1 Metal Fascia, when specified, shall requirements set forth herein. Slats be constructed with gauge thickness may be painted. in accordance with Figure 1. 6.7 Stainless steel slats shall conform to 11.0 Barrel Assemblies ASTM A240 or equivalent. 11.1 Torsion Springs 6.8 Aluminum slats shall conform to 11.1.1 Helical wound spring wire ASTM B209, ASTM B221 or shall comply with ASTM A229 equivalent. Slats may be anodized. or equivalent. 6.9 Other materials and finishes contact 11.1.2 Springs shall be designed manufacturer for availability. for a minimum of 10,000 cycles 6.10 Foam plastics used in insulated of operation. Higher cycle life rolling doors shall meet requirements may be specified. established by the authority having 11.1.3 The selection of wire size jurisdiction for flame spread and relative to coiled diameter shall smoke development. be such that mean coil diameter 7.0 Bottom Bars is at least six times the wire 7.1 A bottom bar may incorporate an diameter. astragal or sensing edge for motor 11.2 Spring Anchors operated doors.

11.2.1 Spring anchors, shall be 15.1 The door manufacturer shall furnish designed to withstand the radial a list of components requiring and lateral forces exerted by the regular maintenance, with torsion spring to properly retain instructions on and frequencies for the spring when fully wound or such maintenance. unwound and allow the 16.0 Labels application of torque. 16.1 Each door shall be labeled to identify 11.3 Pipe Deflection the name and address of the door 11.3.1 The deflection of the pipe, manufacturer. with the weight of the curtain 16.2 DASMA labels RDD-201 and RDD- and counterbalance assemblies 202 shall be placed on the door as applied, shall not exceed .03 described in TDS-267 inches per foot of length while 16.2.1 Labels in accordance with supported only on both ends. the applicable provisions of 12.0 Tension Wheels ANSI-Z535.1, ANSI-Z535.3, 12.1 Tension wheels and locking ANSI-Z535.4, shall be placed mechanism shall be designed with on the door. sufficient strength to withstand the maximum torque from torsion Appendix A: Informational Statements springs, and/or winding devices. A.1 Most rolling doors with windlocks cannot be 13.0 Operation operated when wind load engages the 13.1 A door normally operated by chain windlocks, due to the sliding friction of the hoist shall not require more than 35 curtain within the guides. Contact the pounds (156 N) of force to operate manufacturer for special requirements. the door. A.2 Loads are imposed onto the building structure 13.2 A door normally operated by using a from two sources: Wind load and door weight. crank shall not require more than 25 Wind loading can produce substantial catenary pounds (111 N) of force to operate forces in rolling doors as a result of the the door. locking action of the curtain edges within the 13.3 A door normally operated by guides. The jambs must be designed to manually pushing up the door shall withstand these loads. These loads are in not require more than 30 pounds addition to those created by the direct wind (134 N) of force to operate the door. pressure and weight of the door assembly. The Recommended maximum door size magnitude and direction of these loads should shall be 80 square feet (7.44 square be obtained from the manufacturer. DASMA meters), recommended maximum Technical Data Sheet TDS-251 may be used door width shall be 10 feet (3.05 m), to state these loads. and recommended maximum door A.3 After being subjected to wind loading, rolling height shall be 8 feet (2.44 m). doors may retain some curvature in the 14.0 Installation and General Operation curtain, particularly on narrow doors. 14.1 The door manufacturer shall furnish A.4 Calculations for overall performance and standard details and instructions for pass/fail prediction of the door system are well proper installation and general established. Detailed stresses in the curtain operation. Such instructions shall slats under wind loads cannot be calculated include warnings relative to the accurately since the large-deflection of these installation and general operation of parts invalidates the assumptions used to the door. derive common engineering formulae. 15.0 Maintenance A.5 Manual operation of rolling doors (push up, hand chain or crank to open) is generally

41 heavy in the bottom half to two-thirds of door travel and light for the top third. Refer to DASMA Technical Data Sheet TDS-272 for additional information.

ANSI/DASMA 204 Standard for Fire Rated Rolling Door Assemblies Among the primary other than the rolling doors expressly activities of DASMA identified and described herein. is the publication of 2.0 Definitions – See Glossary of Terms at the standards for the back of this manual. Door and Access 3.0 General Systems industry. 3.1 A rolling steel fire door assembly shall ANSI/DASMA 204 is retard the passage of fire through a wall a voluntary standard opening and the assembly shall include defining minimum a Fire Protection Rating, an Automatic design and Closing Device and a Governor. performance 3.2 Fire endurance testing shall be in requirements for fire accordance with NFPA 252 Fire Test of rated rolling door Fire Door Assemblies. assemblies. This 4.0 Labels standard is outlined 4.1 Fire door assemblies that have been below to aid in understanding the performance tested shall bear a label attached to the requirements of rolling fire doors. bottom bar, which indicates that the door has been fire tested, for the size opening 1.0 Scope in the wall in accordance with the listing 1.1 This standard defines minimum design agency requirements. Fire door and performance specifications for fire assemblies over the size opening tested rated rolling door assemblies in shall be provided with an oversize label commercial and industrial applications, or oversize certificate. consisting of assembled, interlocking 4.2 Oversize label may be attached to the slats of steel or stainless steel. Refer to bottom bar of a fire door, which indicates individual manufacturer’s listings. that the oversize door has not been fire 1.2 This standard for fire rated rolling door tested, but the door has been assemblies is intended to cover manufactured in accordance with the commercial and industrial type listing agency requirements. warehouses, factories and other facilities 4.3 Oversize certificate document may be where a service counter fire door, fire provided by a recognized listing agency, shutter or fire door is required to close which indicates that the oversize fire an opening in a firewall during an door assembly has not been fire tested, emergency. Rolling fire doors intended but the door has been manufactured in for frequent use should be designed for accordance with the listing agencies high cycle operation. Refer to section requirements. The oversize certificate 13.1.2. may be provided in lieu of an oversize 1.3 This standard is not intended to cover label. doors used for egress passage, nor 4.4 Each door shall be labeled to identify the other types of doors such as rigid, name and address of the door folding or multi-leaf sectional type doors, manufacturer. coiling doors without interlocking slats 4.5 DASMA labels RDD-200, RDD-201, and (sheet doors), perforated slat RDD-202 referenced in DASMA TDS- construction or special applications. 267, shall be placed on the door. 1.4 Without limitation, DASMA does not 4.5.1 Warning labels in accordance represent or imply that this standard with the provisions of ANSI- relates to any component or system Z535.1, ANSIZ535.3, ANSI-

Z535.4, shall be placed on the 8.4 Steel slats shall conform to door. ASTMA653/A653M, G40 minimum zinc 5.0 Material Thickness coating, with grade chosen by 5.1 Metal gauge shall comply with the manufacturer to meet performance manufacturer’s Label Procedure and requirements set forth herein. Slats may with Figure 1. be painted. 6.0 Automatic Closing 8.5 Stainless steel slats shall conform to 6.1 The fire door shall include an automatic ASTM-A240 or equivalent. closing device. 8.6 The door manufacturer’s listing may be 6.2 In the event of fire, the fire door shall referred to for other materials and descend automatically to the completely finishes. closed position. 9.0 Bottom Bars 6.3 The door descent shall be at a controlled 9.1 The bottom bar may incorporate an rate, not less than 6 in/sec nor greater astragal or sensing edge for motor than 24 in/sec. operated doors. 7.0 Guide Assemblies 9.2 The bottom bar may be designed to 7.1 Guide assemblies shall contain the incorporate a locking mechanism that curtain edges throughout the door engages at one or both ends of the operation. bottom bar. If a locking mechanism is 7.2 Guide assembly design shall allow for incorporated on a motor operated door, installation variances in the distance one of the following shall be installed: between left and right guides of ±1/8 9.2.1 An interlock switch, or switches, inch (3 mm) within the specified value activated by the lock mechanism. provided by the door manufacturer. 9.2.2 An operator with the ability to 7.3 Guide assemblies and fastener location sense either torque or starting shall be designed to allow for thermal current to the motor. expansion. 9.3 The bottom bar may bear a (¾, 1½, 3, 7.4 The guide assemblies shall be 4) hour fire protection-rating label, from constructed to support the total weight a recognized listing agency, indicating of the door and loads transmitted by the that the door has been manufactured in governor and motor (if supplied). accordance with the listing agency 7.5 Guide assemblies shall include curtain requirements. stops on the guides to ensure the 10.0 Brackets bottom bar stops at a designated 10.1 Brackets shall be designed to position. support the weight of the barrel 7.6 Crush plates shall be installed when fire assembly and the total curtain doors are mounted to hollow concrete assembly weight. masonry units. 10.2 Brackets shall be designed to 8.0 Curtains incorporate an automatic closing 8.1 Curtain slats shall interlock to allow the device. full range of angular rotation required to 11.0 Hoods and Hood Flame Baffles wrap around the barrel assembly without 11.1 A metal hood shall be designed to binding or separation. enclose the coiled curtain. 8.2 Curtain shall be designed to resist lateral 11.2 A hood, or hood fasteners, shall motion. not be in contact with the curtain at any 8.3 The attachment of the curtain to the position of the door. barrel and curtain slats shall be 11.3 A hood flame baffle (when designed to not pull apart when required) shall actuate through fusible subjected to operating forces. links or other automatic means. These

links may be independent of the links 15.0 Operation that deploy the automatic closing 15.1 A door normally operated by device. When deployed, the baffle shall chain hoist shall not require more than maintain full-width contact with the 35 pounds (156 N) of force to operate curtain when the door is closed. the door. 11.4 A hood flame baffle shall not 15.2 A door normally operated by hinder operation of the door. using a crank shall not require more 12.0 Fascia than 25 pounds (111 N) of force to 12.1 Fascia shall be designed to operate the door. enclose the exposed partial or no 15.3 A door normally operated by header in the back of the door coil. manually pushing up the door shall not Standard for between jambs mounted require more than 30 pounds (134 N) of doors. force to operate the door. 13.0 Barrel Assemblies Recommended maximum door size shall 13.1 Torsion Springs be 80 square feet (7.44 square meters), 13.1.1 Helical wound spring wire shall recommended maximum door width comply with ASTM-A229 or shall be 10 feet (3.05 m), and equivalent. recommended maximum door height 13.1.2 Springs shall be designed for a shall be 8 feet (2.44 m). minimum of 10,000 cycles of 16.0 Installation and General Operation operation. Higher cycle life may 16.1 The door manufacturer shall be specified. furnish standard details and instructions 13.1.3 The selection of wire size for proper installation and general relative to coiled diameter shall operation. Such instructions shall be such that mean coil diameter include warnings relative to the is at least six times the wire installation, general operation testing diameter. and resetting of the automatic closing 13.2 Spring Anchors device of the door. A drop test form (see 13.2.1 Spring anchors, shall be DASMA TDS-271) shall be provided to designed to withstand the radial certify that door operates and been and lateral forces exerted by the tested in accordance with the torsion spring to properly retain manufacturer installation. the spring when fully wound or 16.2 Installation of door and unwound and allow the accessories and fusible link routing shall application of torque. be in accordance with NFPA 80, 13.3 Pipe Deflection DASMA TDS-254 and DASMA TDS- 13.3.1 The deflection of the pipe, with 255. the weight of the curtain and 16.3 Installation of detectors shall be in counterbalance assemblies accordance with NFPA 80, NFPA 72 applied, shall not exceed .03 and DASMA TDS-254. inches per foot of length while 17.0 Maintenance supported only on both ends. 17.1 The door manufacturer shall 14.0 Tension Wheels furnish a list of components requiring 14.1 Tension wheels and locking regular maintenance, with instructions mechanism shall be designed with on and frequencies for such sufficient strength to withstand the maintenance. maximum torque from torsion springs, 17.2 The door shall be tested at least and/or winding devices, and impact load annually per NFPA 80. when applicable.

Appendix A: Informational Statements

A.1 Manual operation of rolling doors (push up, hand chain or crank to open) is generally heavy in the bottom half to

two-thirds of door travel and light for the

top third. Refer to DASMA Technical Data Sheet TDS-272 for additional information.

Section Four Types of Rolling Doors When referring to rolling door products, the Rolling counter doors typically close on sill term door is sometimes generically used to angles or countertops. They may also run full refer to any types of rolling products; such as height of an opening and close on the floor. rolling service doors, rolling counter doors and rolling grilles. This certification is not intended to cover specialty rolling doors such as sheet Rolling Grilles doors, high performance doors, etc. as explained in the specialty applications section. A rolling grille is an upward The primary purpose of a door is to provide acting, rolling access control to certain areas within and gate, offering around buildings. security while maximizing air circulation, light Rolling Service Door infiltration and visual access. Rolling service doors They are widely generally consist of used in shopping interlocking slats, a malls and double angle bottom parking areas. bar, guides, a barrel Grilles are made from galvanized steel, assembly with a stainless steel or aluminum rods and links counterbalance laced together to make the curtain. Rods can mechanism, support be solid or hollow and assembled with the links brackets, and a hood. into various patterns and pattern sizes. They These units can be can have optional clear inserts laced into the designed to close small curtain for added security. The other to very large openings. components to the rolling grille are similar to Rolling service doors those used in other types of rolling service can be used for both doors. vehicular and pedestrian opening applications that are not a required means of egress. Types of Fire Rated Rolling

Rolling Counter Door Doors

Rolling counter doors Fire-Rated rolling doors have a specialized set consist of the same of requirements and require a highly technical components as rolling and specialized knowledge of fire-rated door service doors but are specific information. It is important for a generally of a smaller technician to recognize the difference between scale utilizing a smaller a non-fire-rated door and one which carries a slat profile to make up the fire rating. curtain and smaller guides normally configured of lighter material. 47

Rolling Fire Door can be a swinging door, a horizontal or vertical sliding door or a rolling steel door. Installation is A rolling fire door is a covered in NFPA 80, Chapter 10. Operation fire door assembly shall be in accordance with the requirements of consisting of a curtain, rolling doors. bottom bar, barrel, guides, brackets, hood and an automatic Service Counter Fire Door closing device. These doors can be very A labeled fire similar to Rolling door assembly Service Doors but are used for designed to close protection of automatically when a fire is detected. Specialty openings in drop out mechanisms and automatic closing walls where the devices are added along with sash chains or primary purpose cable routings to activate the closing motion of of the opening is the door in the event of a fire. Fire rating and for non- listing agency marks will be identified on the pedestrian use, bottom bar of the door. such as counter service for food, a pharmaceutical dispensary, packaging and Rolling Counter Fire Door baggage transfer, or observation ports. These doors can be very similar to Rolling Counter Rolling counter fire doors consist of the same Doors but are designed to close automatically components as rolling fire doors but are when a fire is detected. Like rolling fire doors, generally of a smaller scale utilizing a smaller specialty drop out mechanisms and automatic slat profile to make up the curtain and smaller closing devices are added along with sash guides normally configured of lighter gauge chains or cable routings to activate the closing bent steel shapes. The maximum size opening motion of the door in the event of a fire. Fire in a firewall these units protect is much smaller rating and listing agency marks will be than rolling steel fire doors. The maximum identified on the bottom bar of the door. width is about sixteen feet and the maximum height is about ten feet. Rolling steel counter fire doors may close on sill angles or other non- Conveyor Openings combustible sills or on factory built labeled countertops. They may also run full height of an In many instances, rolling fire products and opening and close on the floor. Installation is smoke control products are used to close off covered in NFPA 80, chapter 6. Rolling counter fire rated wall openings that contain a conveyor fire doors can also be used to close conveyor system passing through the opening. Two very openings or pedestrian type openings that are important issues need to be considered when not a required means of egress. supplying and installing conveyor opening fire rated products: Some manufacturers refer to counter fire doors 1) The rolling fire product must completely as fire shutters. A fire shutter is defined in close off the opening. NFPA 80 as a labeled door assembly used for 2) Conveyor design provisions need to the protection of a window opening in an ensure that the curtain will fully close in exterior wall. The construction of fire shutters is a fire emergency and not get jammed on defined as fire doors without glass lights and product moving through the opening.

The best way to completely seal off a conveyor doors, many of them would require their own opening is to design the fire product to close to complete training manual. Fire-Rated Rolling the floor in-between two separate conveyor Steel Doors, for example, already have a belts. Depending on the size of materials that separate certification due to the complex will be running on the conveyor belts, the size nature of these products. Some of these of the slot between the conveyor belts will be specialty applications are outlined in this critical. Special bottom bar designs may be section. It is important for a certified technician available from the rolling door manufacturer to be aware of these specialty applications and that will help minimize the required slot seek the appropriate training when they are between the conveyors. This needs to be encountered. coordinated early in the project with the conveyor and fire door suppliers. It may also be acceptable to have fire rated walls built up to Pass Door the height of the conveyor belt to close off the gaps at the sides of the conveyor and have the A pass door, sometimes called a wicket door, fire rated rolling door come to rest on top of the is a hollow metal pedestrian door integrated conveyor and built up side walls. This set up into the rolling door assembly. The frame is would need prior approval with the Authority hinged at the jamb, so the door frame swings Having Jurisdiction. out of the opening. The leading edge of the pass door also incorporates a vertical section Special planning is required to ensure that the of guides which the rolling door lowers into. curtain will fully close upon automatic closing. The pass door can be located at the right or left Some ways to accomplish this are: side of the opening and may swing in or out. This option should not be used in high wind • Utilize a fire door operator that is signaled environments and must incorporate an to close by the conveyor system program interlock on motorized doors so that the door is logic. The fire alarm signal is detected by not lowered without the pass door frame locked the conveyor system program logic, which into place. will not activate the door to close until the conveyors run and clear the opening of any material. • If the material running on the conveyor is consistent in size and spacing, more than one rolling fire door can be positioned within the opening to assure that at least one of the fire doors will clear the material and fully close to protect the opening.

No matter how fire doors are set up on conveyor openings, planning to accomplish full closure in a fire emergency is critical.

Wood Rolling Doors

Specialty Applications These are typically used in counter door applications. The curtain, hood, and bottom bar There are many specialty and custom design are made of wood while the remaining parts applications in the commercial rolling door are those of a standard counter door. Wood industry. While some of these share some or rolling doors are available in a variety of all of their components in common with rolling different wood species and finishes. 49

Crane Door Ventilated Service Doors Interior Elevation Interior Elevation (Fenestrated Door)

Combination Doors Side Coiling Doors

Combination doors, Side coiling doors have a unique application sometimes called and can be used in tight overhead applications. superimposed doors, utilize Side coiling doors come in solid and grill a dual track system that design and allow for a combination of patterns allows two doors to be used not available in the coiling door. The doors are in the same opening. This installed with an overhead track allowing for type of system is used to the door to free hang. These doors can be combine two different door used as single sliding or bi-parting when types. The most common needed for larger opening widths. In wider example is the combination applications a side coiling door may use both a of a rolling grille and a top and bottom track. These types of doors are rolling service door to allow typically motor operated and can include other air flow while maintaining options normally associated with other rolling security. Typically, the door products. exterior door utilizes a solid slat construction, while the interior door is a fenestrated Side Folding Grilles door or rolling grille. Side folding grilles are accordion style folding doors which Sloped Bottom Bar slide into the sides of the An optional bottom bar is available that is opening and tapered to match the slope of the floor to help stack into a to seal when the sill of the opening is not level. pocket in the Sloped bottom bars are made by inserting a wall. These are tapered plate between the bottom bar angles. similar to rolling This tapered plate will hang into the opening on grilles, but the the low side when the door is opened unless rods and links Perforat ed Door the door height is increased, and the coil is are turned raised to clear the opening. sideways, and the curtain hangs on a track at the top of the opening. The track can be straight or curved to close most openings. These doors do not roll around a barrel when opened, but instead fold back and forth accordion stile until the opening is clear. These doors are popular in airports and office buildings where security is desired, but overhead space is not available for the coil of a rolling grille.

Integral Frame Doors

Available in wood, steel, and stainless steel, integral frame doors incorporate the entire door and opening framing into one including sill,

50 jambs, header, fascia, and complete door High Performance Doors assembly. Integral Frame Doors are factory assembled and are installed as the wall is built. High Performance Doors are rolling, folding or These are most commonly used in food service sliding non-residential doors, generally counters. characterized by higher cycles and/or higher speeds, typically made-to-order, and designed for higher or special types of durability. The Sheet Doors most common of these are high speed rolling doors which are designed to travel faster than Sheet doors are 30 inches per second. These doors utilize vertically operating, special designs which vary tremendously from coiling doors one manufacturer to the next. typically used in commercial, industrial or self- Crane-way Doors storage applications, with a Another type of specialty door is a crane-way curtain consisting door. These doors get their name from their of formed metal sheets seamed together into most common application, closing openings one continuous sheet curtain. The continuous along bridge cranes. The lower portion of the sheet curtain is rolled up around an axle curtain is a shorter length than the upper assembly when the door is open. Sheet doors portion to fit between the structural beams of are similar to rolling service doors but are the crane. When open, these doors allow typically more economical and are generally passage of a bridge crane from the inside to limited to smaller openings. the outside of a building.

Horizontal Doors

Horizontal doors are similar to normal rolling service doors, but they are turned so that the curtain covers openings in horizontal and inclined planes. These are often used to cover skylights and pit openings. The tracks can be straight or curved to match the contour of the opening.

Mullions

Mullions are a combined guide assembly joining two adjacent rolling doors. Mullions may be stationary or removable. Removable

mullions may be mechanically or motor operated where the center guide is hinged to lift up and out of the way, or slide to the side of the 51 opening, to expose a full opening width when all of the doors are open. Mullions are used in very wide applications where the width of the opening may be too large for a single door. Another application they are common in is airport hangar doors, where it may be desirable for the center opening to be taller than the outer openings.

Section Five Methods of Operation Rolling doors can be operated many different the door be operated from the left or from the ways. Specification of the type of operation right? The hand of operation should be must consider door size, head room, side selected to avoid known field obstructions and room, how often the door will be operated, cost, be convenient to the building traffic pattern and available power supply, etc. – just to name a end users. Depending on the environment, it few. Proper specification of type of door may also be necessary to consider the overall operation can play a large role in pleasing the appearance of the operating mechanism. Fire customer and should be addressed in advance shutters sometimes require the operator to be of ordering the door. concealed for improved appearance. Proper specification of hand of operation can reduce Rolling fire doors are designed to provide a time and headaches during installation. rated degree of fire protection and possibly smoke control, but when desired, they can also be regularly used to provide opening access Manual Push-Up Operation control, security or weather resistance, even though these functions are not the primary Manual Push-Up Operation is the simplest design intent. method of operation which involves manually lifting the door from the closed position and Rolling fire doors are required to have an pushing it up to the open position. Push-Up automatic closing system. This means an operation requires that the effort to operate the emergency signaling device will cause the door door at any point of travel will not exceed 30 lbs to close, either mechanically or electrically. In of force. The maximum size of a given door will addition to the automatic closing system, some vary based upon curtain weight and fire products have some type of operation that counterbalance design, but generally will not allows for normal door use. Generally, the exceed 10-feet in width. Although a pull normal use and automatic closing system down/pushup pole or rope can be utilized for operators work independent of one another. doors up to around 10-feet high, push-up For detailed information on available automatic operation is not normally recommended for closing devices, see the automatic closing doors over 7 foot 6 inches high due to the devices section of this manual. reach limitations of the average height person. Lift handles are usually attached to the bottom This section will detail different methods of bar to provide a point of operation. Extra effort operation for rolling doors. The methods of fine tuning spring tension at installation will help operating rolling doors that will be addressed to ensure lower lift efforts. are: Manual push-up operation may be considered 1. Manual Push-up Operation somewhat beyond the size limits listed above 2. Manual Chain Hoist Operation when a fire rated product is going to remain 3. Manual Hand Crank Operation open and only close in the event of a fire 4. Electric Operator emergency. For these applications, size limit will be determined based on manufacturer If the door is to be mechanically operated, it is ability to counterbalance the door so that also necessary to determine the hand of operating effort will not exceed 40 pounds of operation before ordering the door. That is, lifting force. This is an economical when facing the door from the coil side, should consideration to obtain fire protection on a 53 given opening, for both upfront cost and for mechanical advantage provided by the 1 to 1 easier testing when compared with other ratio. Direct drive chain hoists are rarely used manually operated doors. But, one must be on Fire Doors because additional mechanisms cautioned of the possibility that the end user are usually required to disengage the hoist for will want to close off the opening daily at some automatic closing of the door. time in the future and has a door that is not safe to regularly operate! Reduced Drive Chain Hoists

Manual Chain Hoist Operation These are typically mounted to the Manual Chain Hoist Operation is a low-cost support bracket and alternative to operate larger, heavier doors. A are connected to the mechanism is attached to the door and a hand door through gears or chain hangs down next to the opening for roller chain sprockets. people to use to operate the door. As a person The mechanical pulls the hand chain, the barrel rotates and advantage is provided begins to move the door. With the use of by sizing the gears or reduction gearing, chain hoist operation can be sprockets to provide a used within, and well beyond the size limits of single reduction. manual push-up operated doors. These Typical reductions are provide a mechanical advantage that reduces in the range of 4 to 1. This means that 1 the amount of force required to operate the revolution of the door barrel requires 4 door. The manufacturer will select a chain hoist revolutions of the hoist wheel. Reduced drive mechanism with a reduction gearing ratio chain hoists can lift heavier doors then direct based on the spring torque imbalance of the drive chain hoists, but this is achieved at a cost specific door so that the operating force on the as these hoists take more pulls of the hand hand chain will not exceed 35 pounds. Chain chain to open the door. hoists are typically used in applications that do not involve frequent operation. Chain Hoist operation can be split into three types: Compound Reduction Chain Hoists

These hoist mechanisms Direct Drive Chain Hoists are larger versions of the reduced drive chain These hoists install directly to hoists. These are used for the door shaft or barrel very heavy doors and assembly. The hand chain is involve multiple gears mounted to a large diameter and/or sprockets to chain wheel. One revolution of provide increased the door requires one reduction. These often revolution of the hoist wheel. require auxiliary bracket The size of the chain wheel plates for mounting the affects the amount of force extra gears/sprockets to required, i.e., for a given door, the door. The most common compound a small diameter hoist wheel will require a reduction chain hoist is the double reduction greater force to open the door then a larger hoist. In the double reduction hoist, the chain diameter wheel. Direct drive hoists are typically wheel is fixed to a small sprocket. Roller chain limited to smaller doors due to the small connects the small sprocket to a larger

54 sprocket on an auxiliary hoist shaft. The larger hoists are used. Thru wall chain hoists have a sprocket is fixed to another small sprocket wall mounted hoist on opposite coil side of the which is connected to a large sprocket on the door and an idler bracket assembly on the coil door shaft using roller chain. side of the door. Roller chain is run from the hoist, through the wall to the idler bracket and The greater the difference in the number of then to a sprocket on the door dropout teeth of the small sprockets vs. the large mechanism. sprockets, the greater the total reduction. The larger the reduction, the slower the door will operate, and the more hoist revolutions Manual Hand Crank Operation required to open the door. Compound reduction hoists are only recommended for Another mechanism available for operating doors that are not operated on a regular basis. rolling doors is manual hand crank. Crank operation is most frequently used on counter doors but can be used on other types of rolling Chain Hoist Mounting Locations doors as well.

Chain hoists can be mounted in a variety of Manual hand crank Awning Crank locations to suit the installation conditions. operation can be Hand of Operation, Side Room, Head Room, awning crank style and hand chain location must all be considered (mounted directly to before the door is manufactured. the door drop out mechanism), or wall The most common location for mounted style. chain hoists is bracket Awning cranks work mounted. In this mounting, the using worm gearing hoist is on the outboard side of connected to the the operator bracket. The hoist drive mechanism at the Wall Crank is usually attached to a bracket. Wall mounted dropout mechanism which cranks typically mount a disengages the chain hoist crank box to the wall and when a fire actuation closure connect to the door using occurs. This is the preferred roller chain sprockets. hoist mounting location because it simplifies the connection to the door With the use of a reduction and does not rely on unknown field conditions gearing crank box, manual for mounting. hand crank operation can be used within and beyond Chain hoists can also be wall mounted when the size limits of manual side room is limited or if there are obstructions push-up operated doors. that would interfere with the standard bracket The manufacturer will select mounting location. Wall mounted chain hoists a crank box and a reduction attach directly to the wall and are connected to ratio based on the spring the door dropout mechanism with roller chain torque imbalance of the and sprockets. specific door so that the operating force on the hand crank will not exceed 25 pounds. The When it is necessary for the chain hoist larger the door and greater the reduction, the operation to be provided to the opposite coil more you will have to rotate the crank to open side of the door, Thru-Wall mounted chain the door. Crank operation is generally selected

55 over chain operation when doors are installed The door itself must be properly balanced, in more finished applications or when access to aligned, and work freely and smoothly by hand. the bottom bar prevents manual push-up The door operator is not intended to operate a operation, such as deep countertop units. poorly installed, improperly balanced, or worn- Manual cranks provide large reductions, out door. The use of a door operator to attempt typically around 20 to 1, which make the door to compensate for any door defect can result in very easy to operate. Hand crank will not be a dangerous situation. desirable on larger size doors that will be used frequently due to the many rotations of the In many instances, electric motor operators crank required to open the door. also function as part of a fire door automatic closing device. Due to the safety and A crank rod can convenience of testing and resetting that fire be suspended Removable door operators offer, multi-function fire door from the bracket, Crank Rod operators should be considered whenever an mounted to the electric operator is utilized with a fire rated wall, or be door. For detailed information on available fire removable so it door operators that provide automatic closing can be used to device features, see the automatic closing engage the crank devices section of this manual. mechanism but be stored away out of sight when not in use. The crank rod is Automatic Operators designed to spin in your hand, similar to a car scissor jack, which makes the many rotations It is important to select the proper door required to open the door more manageable. operator type. Emergency manual door Use caution to remove any crank rods before operation, which could make a difference drop testing a door. between life and death in the event of an emergency, should be a consideration on every system. Smaller doors generally require Electric Operators small, light duty operators whereas larger doors require large, heavy duty operators with For the purposes of this text, an automated special features like friction brakes and delay door system consists of a rolling door, an start. This is reflected in the standard features electric door operator, control equipment to of the operators designed for these doors. interface with the door operator, and safety Remember, mismatch or improper selection equipment to protect people and property. A between door and operator can result in a large variety of electric operators malfunctioning or dangerous system. and controls are available for safe and convenient operation of any size rolling door. Operator Usage

A rolling door is a large, heavy Both the door and the door operator must be object that can be moved with designed to stand up to the intended use of the the help of an electric motor. A system. For example, a door that opens and moving door can cause serious closes 25 times an hour cannot use an injury or death. The safety and operator designed for limited duty cycles. wellbeing of others depends on Generally speaking, operators that utilize worm the design and installation of a gear reduction systems will stand up to high safe system. frequency usage better than belt-reduced

56 operators. Continuous duty motors will last will go twice as fast as a door with a 48 tooth longer than limited duty motors. In frequent use drive sprocket. Adjustments to door speed applications, always use three phase power, if must be made with caution as they directly available at the job site, since three phase impact the amount of torque on the operator. motors generally out-perform single phase Careless adjustment to door speed could result motors. Three phase operators also use fewer in premature operator failure, roller chain amps which can save on electric consumption. breakage, shaft failure, etc. Consult the manufacturers as needed to ensure the door and operator will support any desired speed Operator Size modifications.

The available sizes of electric operators range Average door speed, in inches per second, can in power from 1/4 horsepower mini-operators be estimated using the formula: to industrial duty 5 horsepower or larger operators. Electric operators utilize high Door Speed = (RPM x TT x MT) / (60 x DT x WR) reduction gearboxes making them capable of lifting very large doors, while allowing average Where RPM is the revolutions per minute of door operating speed of approximately 8 the motor output shaft, TT is the total travel of inches per second. Door size area charts can the door in inches, MT is the number of teeth be used to aid in the proper selection of an on the motor sprocket, DT is the number of operator. However, these charts are only teeth on the door sprocket, and WR is the estimates and can vary widely based on the working revolutions of the door, or the number door manufacturer’s door design. Always of times the barrel turns while the door is being consult the door manufacturer for opened. Safe door speeds range from 6 to 12- recommendations when issues arise with inches per second. operator selection. The door size area charts can be used with caution to determine the Over-sizing an operator for rolling doors can be required operator horsepower. dangerous. Startup torques for larger operators can be too much for a door to handle if it has A sensing device is recommended with all not been designed to accommodate it. electrically operating units, but an approved Selecting an operator that is too big can cause monitored sensing device is required when premature door failure, such as a twisted drive activation is other than constant pressure to shaft, bent brackets, broken roller chain, close. This includes any operator that utilizes broken gear teeth, etc. Consult the momentary contact push buttons, keyless manufacturer for operator size entry, phone entry system, or that can be recommendations for specific doors. remotely signaled to electrically close. The UL 325 Standard also requires that all moving operator components that create possible Operator Mounting Locations pinch points below 8 feet above floor level be covered. See Electric Operator Compliance As with chain hoists, rolling door operators with UL 325 section for complete details on have a variety of installation locations available these and other requirements. to suit the field conditions of the job. Operators can be bracket mounted vertical, top of hood Operator selection also involves taking door mounted, bracket mounted horizontal, wall speed into account. Door speed can be mounted, thru-wall mounted, and Tube adjusted by changing the size of the sprockets Mounted. Other special operator mounting driving the door. For example, a door with a locations may be available for extraordinary 24-tooth sprocket on the drive shaft of the door

57 field conditions. Consult the door manufacturer Bracket when these conditions arise. mounted horizontal The most common operator mounting location operators, is bracket mounted vertical, also known as sometimes Front-of-Hood Mounted. Bracket mounted called vertical operators mount to an operator support Bench plate that is bolted or welded directly to the Mount, are used when head room and side door support bracket. The operator is oriented room are limited. The operator is turned up and down with the operator output shaft horizontal, perpendicular to the opening parallel to the lintel. The operator support plate protruding out in front of the door. This typically has slots for adjusting the roller chain mounting location typically requires an operator tension by tilting the operator towards the door modification to relocate the control box and a for less tension and away from the door for special mounting plate with additional more tension. Bracket mounted operators are reinforcement to support the weight and preferred because they take away the operational loads of the cantilevered operator. uncertainty of unknown field mounting conditions by providing a self-contained Rolling door operators operator mounting arrangement with can be wall mounted predetermined roller chain lengths. when field conditions provide adequate side room. The operator either mounts directly to the wall, or mounts to a wall mounting support plate, above or below the door bracket. The optimum distance from the center of the motor shaft to the door drive shaft is 12 to 15 inches. Wall mounting provides additional flexibility for operator location in the field and is frequently used when obstructions would interfere with bracket mounted operator locations.

For exterior mounted Another common operator doors with electric mounting location is Top-of- operation, a typical Hood Mounted. In this operator mounting installation, the operator is location is thru-wall turned horizontal and mounted. Thru-wall mounted directly to the door mounted operators support bracket above the allow the operator to hood. Top-of-Hood be installed on the wall mounted is typically used to opposite the coil side reduce the projection of the door from the of the door. The operator is mounted directly to header in order to avoid obstructions. It’s also the wall or to a wall mounted operator support. commonly used on shorter doors to lift the The operator drive chain then goes through the operator out of reach to improve safety and wall to an auxiliary idler assembly, and then avoid tampering. connects to the drive mechanism of the door.

Thru-Wall mounting is usually used to keep the condition and dramatic reduction in the cycle operator out of the outside elements when field life of the door or premature spring failure. conditions do not permit the door to be interior mounted. Care must be taken when servicing Emergency Egress doors because disconnection of the Another type of rolling door operator is a tube operator and/or roller chains can result in rapid motor. Tube motors typically install inside the upward acceleration of the door due to the barrel assembly of the door. The motor head is over-balanced condition. The internal bolted directly to the support bracket of the resistance of the operator acts as a break to door when installed. The motor turns the barrel prevent the door from moving while engaged. to cause the door to operate and may be used Always service Emergency Egress doors in the with, or without springs. Tube motors provide a open position and with the curtain and bottom clean looking installation without visibility of the bar adequately restrained from movement. operator. The down side to tube motors is that any servicing needed to the operator usually requires the door curtain and barrel to be Electric Operator Compliance with UL uninstalled. 325

ANSI/UL 325 Safety for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems is a standard which defines certain safety requirements pertaining to commercial rolling Emergency Egress door electric operators. This is a voluntary standard, meaning there is no law requiring Emergency egress is a special operator and compliance; however, compliance with this door design most typically encountered on standard IS required in order for an operator to rolling grilles. Emergency egress provides an bear the Mark of a labeling/listing agency. It emergency release lever on the wall near the should also be understood that while door that disconnects the door operator. The compliance is not mandated by law, it may be door is over-sprung at the floor so that when required by the Local Authority Having the operator is released, the door opens on its Jurisdiction and building codes. own. This provides quick opening of the door for people to escape in the event of an The 2010 revision to this standard requires that emergency. Early versions of these doors were all labeled and listed commercial/industrial designed to only open to around 36” off the operators manufactured on or after August 29, floor. More recent versions are now designed 2010 must comply with the latest revision, UL to fully clear the opening on their own when 325-2010. The most noteworthy of which was activated. revision to section 30, which now requires that all commercial/industrial door operators Many codes require that a minimum of one monitor an external entrapment protection grille on every retail storefront have this device or otherwise function only in constant modification. Operator selection is limited to pressure to close. those operators which are compatible with the Emergency Egress option. It is important to An external entrapment protection device is an specify this requirement in advance of ordering apparatus intended to prevent persons from the door so that the manufacturer can adjust becoming caught or held under a closing door the spring design to account for it. Attempting causing risk for injury. Common examples of to achieve this modification in the field on a these are photo-eyes and sensing edges. The door not designed for it will result in an unsafe requirement for these to be monitored

59 essentially means the operator must verify pressure to close is not allowed from a portable these are working properly prior to closing the transmitter in lieu of primary monitored door. The monitored device must provide entrapment protection. Therefore, remote continuous status to the operator, which is operation requires primary monitored designed to receive and monitor the status. In entrapment protection. the event that the monitored device is not present or has a fault condition, the operator The UL 325 listing is dependent on the testing must either revert back to constant pressure to of each operator with each of the acceptable close or stop and reverse a closing door to the entrapment protection devices, so each device open position. Either monitored photo-eyes or must be tested and approved for each monitored sensing edge devices are operator. All door operator manufacturers or mandatory for momentary contact operation. In primary entrapment device manufacturers are the case of fire doors, the automatic closing required to state within their installation function takes precedence over normal manuals and/or user’s guides which photo operating of fire door operators. Thus, sensing sensors and sensing edges are approved by devices can be overridden during any alarm UL for use with which operators as a primary activated closing. The operation of a fire door external entrapment protection device. operator in an alarm condition is explicitly Included with this is to list the methods of exempted from UL325 compliance. installation, adjustment, and wiring of external controls or devices serving as required External entrapment devices can be separated protection against entrapment. into two types; Primary and Ancillary. Primary external entrapment devices are mandatory Additional requirements of UL 325-2010 and must be monitored if momentary contact to pertaining to rolling door operators are: close is required. This includes non-contact type sensors such as monitored photo-eyes or • If a three-button station is provided at monitored electric edges. Ancillary external least one button must be stop. entrapment devices are optional and cannot be • Controls shall be far enough from the door used in lieu of primary devices. Ancillary devices include, among others, non-monitored or positioned such that the user is electric or pneumatic sensing edges. If photo- prevented from coming in contact with the eyes are selected as the primary entrapment door while operating the controls. protection device, they must be mounted at a • Exposed moving parts of an industrial maximum height of six inches above the floor. door operator that is intended to be Additional photo-eyes or other non-monitored mounted more than 8 ft above the floor sensing devices can be installed as ancillary are not required to be guarded or entrapment protection if desired, but installations without a primary external enclosed if the operator is marked entrapment device continue to require constant indicating minimum acceptable installation pressure to close regardless of any ancillary height. If an industrial door operator is entrapment devices used. installed below 8 ft., the exposed moving parts must be guarded or enclosed to In a constant pressure to close condition, the conceal pinch points. operator must stop the door when constant pressure on a control is removed prior to the operator reaching its closed limit. In addition, Prior to this revision, external entrapment the operator must limit a portable transmitter or protection devices were required, but they automatic actuation device to function only to were not required to be monitored. Operators cause the operator to open the door. Constant manufactured prior to August 29, 2010 can still be repaired as needed, but the technician 60 should use this opportunity to educate the • NEMA 3R Rainproof: Designed for consumer on the added safety features and outdoor use to protect equipment from benefits of labeled UL 325-2010 compliant rain. It does not necessarily have to be operators. watertight from underneath. • NEMA 4 Watertight: A sealed enclosure designed to exclude water spray from any Environmental Considerations and direction. It may not necessarily be NEMA Standards submersible. • NEMA 4X Corrosion Resistant: Same Door operators are designed to be installed in as NEMA 4, but also corrosion resistant. normal commercial and industrial environments The enclosure material is usually a including truck bays, storage facilities, and polymer or stainless steel. vehicular service door areas and are subject to • NEMA 7 Hazardous Area: An enclosure standards developed by the National Electrical designed to contain an explosion. For use Manufacturers Association (NEMA), a trade in hazardous areas containing flammable association representing the electro-industry vapors and gasses. These flammable manufacturers (see chart of NEMA standard substances are grouped into four classes descriptions which follows in this section). All (Class A, B, C, and D) according to electrical controls are enclosed in NEMA 1 volatility. Consult the NFPA National enclosures. However, if a particularly dirty or Electric Code for more details. dusty environment is anticipated, then a NEMA • NEMA 9 Hazardous Area: An enclosure 12 Operator Modification should be designed to contain an explosion. For use considered. If there is a lot of moisture or water in hazardous areas containing spray in the area, a NEMA 4 Operator combustible dust particles. These Modification may be necessary. Hazardous substances are grouped into three areas such as those containing explosive classes (Class E, F, and G) according to gases or particles (as defined by NFPA, volatility. Consult the NFPA National National Electric Code) require a NEMA 7/9 Electric Code for more details. Operator Modification. A thermostatic heater • NEMA 12 Dust-Tight: A sealed enclosure can keep an operator functioning in cold designed to exclude dust, lint, fibers, and temperatures, particularly in heavy duty oil. machines with worm gear-in-oil bath reduction systems. Access Control Selection Many architectural specifications refer to NEMA standards. These standards comprise A wide variety of entry control devices are many volumes far too lengthy to summarize compatible with rolling door operators. All here. However, the volume that is most operators are supplied with a standard frequently referred to in door operator Open/Close/Stop three-button station, which specifications is the one specifying standards allows for complete control of the door. for Enclosures of Electrical Equipment. The However, in many cases this is not enough to following summary of enclosures by NEMA satisfy the requirements of the job. type may prove useful: Most entry control devices require a choice to • NEMA 1 General Purpose: An enclosure be made between convenience and security. designed to prevent accidental contact Push buttons are easy for just about anyone to with live electric parts. It is not dust-tight use, but that is precisely why they may be or watertight. undesirable in certain installations. Key control stations are a popular alternative, requiring the 61 use of a key to open or close the door. Another Door Operator Access Controls commonly used device is the card reader, which is similar to key controls in that the user Digital Keypads must possess a device to operate the door.

However, card readers offer the added Convenience and security for advantage of being able to issue many basic access are key different cards to users. considerations in selecting

control applications. Stand A somewhat different approach is achieved by alone and computerized using digital keypads, which offer a output models available in comparable degree of security and flexibility to lighted and non-lighted housings. A digital card readers, but which do not require the user keypad is a numerical entry station which to carry anything. However, the user must operates the door when the proper access remember an access code to operate the door. code is entered. A large number of access

codes can be programmed into this type of Doors are often operated by people in vehicles. system, providing the user with the ability to When this is the case, overhead pull switch add or delete individual code numbers to limit controls, floor loop detectors, or radio controls access to the door system. are desirable. The latter allows a transmitter to be located on the vehicle for the convenience of the driver. Stand-Alone Card Access Automatic controls can be used when conditions allow. The most common of this These access control type is the auto-close timer, which will cause devices are available in the door to close automatically after a preset swipe card type, touch plate time interval. Another variety is the 365-day type, and proximity type. time clock which can be programmed to open Card readers can be used and close the door automatically at different to provide vehicular access times of the day. control, pedestrian access control and building entry control. Each card has a unique code that provides management full accountability and Control Wiring on the Operator control of cards that have been issued. Card codes can be entered into time zones or

completely deactivated as the need requires. A After deciding on the type(s) of entry controls variety of touch plate and proximity card for the door system, a Control Wiring type for readers is available and can be connected to the door operator that will accept the controls computers to monitor usage. must be selected. In some instances, where questions arise regarding the compatibility between the operator and control devices, the operator manufacturer should be contacted for Door Receivers guidance. Radio receivers allow the use of transmitters for remote control operation of the door. The operating range of the receivers can be increased using a coaxial antenna.

Radio Transmitters Lighted Three Button Station: Three button control Open/Close/Stop with red Push button transmitters send signals to pilot light “on” buttons will activate the door. activate a radio receiver to open, close, and/or stop door operation. These devices can control Key Access Three Button Station: several openings at once. Surface mounted three button controls with Standard transmitters on/off key switch. can operate one to four Buttons will open, close, doors depending on the and stop door when key number of channels is in the on position. Key used. switch will render push- buttons inactive in the off position. Key is A Commercial/Industrial Multi-Channel Remote removable in both positions. Access Control System is a remote control transmitter that can open, close, and stop up to Key Access Lighted Three Button 250 doors. In a typical installation the receiver Station: Three button control with pilot light is installed in the operator or inside a building, and on/off key switch. Buttons will open, next to the doors or existing access controls. close, and stop the door when the key is in The hand-held transmitter is programmed to the on position. Key switch will render push the same binary digital code as the receiver buttons inactive in the off position. Key is and typically uses rolling code technology to removable in both positions. change the code on each use. A single receiver can store up to 250 transmitters. Spring Return Key Switch: Surface or flush mounted, key activated with spring return Control Stations to center. This type of device is available under For all control stations, the open button is various NEMA options. frequently used as an override. Pressing the open button while a door is closing will stop Push Button Station Lockout: Push and reverse direction to open. Momentary- button control with open, close, and stop contact to close can only be used in with lockable stainless steel housing, conjunction with monitored external suitable for flush or surface mounting. Key- entrapment protection as required by UL325. lock covers can be used to prevent the use of the door by unauthorized personnel. Three Button Station: Surface-mounted three-button control is used as standard Fire & Postal Lock Boxes: equipment with all operators in general Fire and Postal lock boxes purpose applications and can open, close, permit emergency vehicle and and stop the door. postal service access. The lock boxes are designed for pad Single Button Station: Single button locks, or fire department and control can either open, close, or reverse postal key operation. Lock box access can the door. be used to automatically activate the door, or to obtain a secured access control Two Button Station: Two button controls device or key. can open, close, and reverse the door.

Automated Access Control Visible Warning Devices: The visible warning device is typically Electric Vehicle Treadle Switch: The treadle a rotating beacon light or flasher switch can open the that is in operation during the door, close the door, or opening and closing cycles of the act as a safety to door. It can also be used to alert reverse. The switch is during an activated closing of a door. commonly positioned about 4’ away from the Audible Warning Devices: The audible door. If the door is in its warning device emits an alert when the door is descent the vehicle tire in motion. It can also be used to alert during an passing over it will reverse the door. activated closing of a fire door.

Loop Vehicle Detector: It can be Horn/Strobe: The horn/strobe is tuned to detect passage or a combination audible and presence of vehicles. It can open visible warning device. the door, close the door, or act as a safety to reverse. The loop detector is a fully transistorized and self- Traffic Signal: The traffic signal is contained electronic unit. This type a warning device that is constantly is typically saw cut into the driveway. in operation. Two position red/green lights warn vehicles of Preformed Loops: The door condition. Commonly, the red preformed loop is commonly light on when door is in motion or installed in new driveway in the closed position. The green applications. These are put in light on when door is fully open. place and wired before the driveway is installed. This saves Interior Solenoid Locks: The electric solenoid time and eliminates saw cutting. lock automatically engages a lock for securing the door from being opened. Microloop Probe: The microloop probe was primarily designed to be used for vehicle Electric Interlock Switch: The electric detection where driveways are electrically interlock switch is typically used in conjunction heated or existing conditions prevent the with an interior side lock, pass door or dock installation of loop wires. It can be suspended leveler. The interlock switch will disengage the above the door, driveway ramp deck, ramp controls and preventing damage to the door walls, or installed in driveways in lieu of loop and operator in case of accidental operation. wires.

Approach Sensor: Approach safety sensor is a microwave motion detector designed to respond to motion approaching in one direction only. When used on automatic entrances with two-way traffic the sensor will allow the door to close sooner because it ignores departing traffic as it moves away from the entrance.

Safety Accessories additional warning signs as necessary. These can be obtained through the manufacturer. Selection

All modern electric operators accept safety Sensing Devices accessories to protect people and equipment from motorized doors. Some control wiring Most sensing devices supplied for door industry types will accept more accessories than others. type operators are compatible with rolling door operators. This includes pneumatic edges, UL 325-2010 requires the use of a monitored electric edges, through beam photo eyes, and sensing device on all motorized doors that do retro-reflective photo eyes. If the door does not not function in constant pressure to close. Two have a bottom sensing edge or photo eyes, of the most common safety accessories used encourage the owner to purchase one. If not are contact and non-contact sensing devices. preinstalled by the door manufacturer, mount The contact sensing device is commonly the sensing device on the door according to the known as a sensing edge or sensing device. instructions provided with the device. The The edge mounts on the bottom leading edge sensing device may be electrically connected of the door and is connected to the operator by by coiled cord, take-up reel, or wireless hard wire or by use of a wireless device. If the devices. door strikes an obstruction while closing, the sensing device will cause the door to stop Note: Sensing devices with normally open and/or reverse. Check with the manufacturer of output are not considered monitored. the operator and sensing device to verify UL Therefore, the operator will require constant 325 approval when considering any sensing contact to close operation per UL325. device for use as monitored external entrapment protection. Electric Sensing Edge Non-contact sensing devices are those such as photo-eyes and motion sensors. These Electromechanical devices stop and/or reverse a door without sensing edges coming into contact with a vehicle or person. reverse and/or Proper mounting of these devices is essential stop a closing door to their effectiveness and is determined by the when contact is job condition and type of traffic utilizing the made. Comprised door. of two metal contact strips When utilizing a monitored sensing edge as a enclosed in a hermetically sealed elastomeric primary entrapment protection device, an extrusion. This sensing edge has a three-point interface module may be required. This module contact. Even lateral pressure on these translates the auxiliary device signal to sensing edges makes absolute contact to interface with the operator. Reference the reverse and/or stop operation. manufacturer’s instructions for specific details.

All installations should have warning signs in place to alert pedestrians of the dangers of operating doors. These should be carefully placed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Depending on the location and surrounding of the door, consider using 65

Air Wave Sensing Edge interrupted when the seal profile contacts an obstruction, causing the operator to stop and/or As the leading edge reverse the door movement. of a rolling door meets an obstruction, an air Photoelectric Sensors wave is created. This wave motion is Photo-eyes can be used then detected by an for multiple applications. electrical switch Photo-eyes can be used which activates the as a safety device as well door control panel and reverses and/or stops as to signal the operator the door. to start a timer or other various functions. The most common is for use Pneumatic Sensing Edge as a safety reversing device. Photo-eyes should When the door be installed no more than encounters an 6” off the ground when obstruction during its used as entrapment downward travel, the air protection. Some photo- switch is triggered, and eyes can have a range or an electric signal is sent working distance for up to 35-foot-wide doors. to the operator via a coil Additional photo-eyes can be added when cord, take up reel or coverage is desired for reasons other than wireless device. The electric signal causes the entrapment protection. There are two common operator to reverse and/or stop the door. photo-eye devices used today.

1. Through-Beam Type Photo-Eyes, include Non-Contact Sensing Edge one sending unit and one receiving unit. The photoelectric controls are positioned As the door closes this device creates an close to the door and project a modulated invisible beam near the leading edge of the light beam across the doorway path. If the door. Once this invisible beam detects an beam should be interrupted while the door object or person, the door reverses to the open is closing, it will cause the door to reverse position without the door making any contact and/or stop. Depending on the device, with the obstruction. these may be monitored or non- monitored.

Optical Sensing Edge 2. Retro-reflective Type Photo-Eyes, include one sending/receiving unit and a reflective

component for the opposite side of the Optical sensing door. The photoelectric controls are edges reverse positioned close to the door and project a and/or stop a modulated light beam across the doorway door when path. If the beam should be interrupted contact is while the door is closing, it will cause the made. This type of edge consists of a photo door to reverse and/or stop. eye installed in a weather seal profile on the leading edge of the door. The light beam is 66

Take-up Reel

The take-up reel is one of two types typically used to connect a safety reversing device to the electric operator. The reel stores the electric cable in a housing preventing it from hanging down. Take-up reels are not recommended for monitored devices. The slip coupling device breaks contact as it spins and may cause nuisance reversals.

Coil Cord

The coil cord is the second way of connecting the safety reversing device. The coil cord is connected to a junction box fastened to the wall approximately halfway up the door opening. The junction box is then hardwired to the operator from this point. The coils in the cord stretch and retract to reduce the sag of the wire during operation of the door.

Wireless Edge Transmitter

Provides a monitored or non- monitored wireless signal to commercial operators from the sensing edge. The transmitter mounts on the bottom of the door and the receiver is interfaced with the operator. These can be used to take the place of take-up reels and coil cords.

Section Six Automatic Closing Devices The single most important ability of the rolling the now “heavy” door moves to the closed steel fire door, beyond its construction to position. A governing device controls the withstand the ravages of fire for a closing speed. These devices will be discussed predetermined period of time, is its automatic later in the text. closing feature. It is this feature that allows the door, without direct human intervention, to complete its primary mission, which is to close Chain, Crank or Motor Operated Fire on alarm or in the event of a fire emergency. Doors Designs vary among manufacturers but there are common methods of initiating the automatic During normal operation, dropout arms are held closing. in place by sash chains or cables which are connected with fusible links, or release holders when used with electronic smoke detectors or alarm panels. In the event of the melting of a fusible link or the discharge of the release holder, a chain of events is put into motion. At the drive end of the door, the drive mechanism must disengage, while at the tension end of the door, a drop arm falls, allowing the release of sufficient spring tension. This creates an out of balance condition in the door. The now “heavy” door closes, its speed restrained by a governor device.

Rolling Fire Door Resetting

Theory

Rolling Fire Door Release Theory The following outlines typical procedures to reset a fire door after a closing activation. Not Push-Up Fire Doors all fire doors are designed and manufactured the same. It is essential to follow When a rolling fire door is in the charged manufacturer’s instructions for testing and mode, the dropout arm or release arm is held resetting fire doors. These procedures are only into place with a sash chain or cable. The intended to provide a general understanding of fusible link connects two sections of the sash the procedures involved. chain or cable. Upon the melting of the fusible link, the two sections of the sash chain or cable become separated and the release arm drops. Push-Up Fire Doors The activation of the release arm causes a significant amount of spring tension to be Raise the door to the open position and attach released from the counterbalance assembly. a clamp in the guide to prevent the door from Once the spring tension is released, there is no closing. Reapply tension according to the mechanism holding the door in the open manufacturer’s instructions to the position. Gravity takes over at this point and 68 counterbalance mechanism until the door motorized doors with the motor, as long as remains open. Raise the dropout or release power is present (when power is not present, arm and reconnect the two segments of the the door will mechanically release and be sash chain or cable. When the tension of the closed by gravity). Release holders must also counterbalance mechanism is holding open the be self-monitoring, closing the door as door, remove the clamp from the guide. described above without the need for an outside power source after initially applying power. Chain, Crank or Motor Operated Fire Doors Alarm systems may protect the entire building or specific areas within the building. Covering To reset the door, follow the manufacturer’s large areas requires the system to divide the instructions. Generally, this will necessitate the area into zones. following procedure. For motorized units, it is first necessary to run the motor to the fully closed position to synchronize the limit switch Non-Spring Release Fire Door settings. Reopen the door and clamp it in the Operators open position so it cannot close. This often requires re-engaging the operator and Many fire door designs do not release spring clamping the drop arm in position at the drive tension as described above. This simplifies the end, then using the operator to open the door. resetting process by eliminating the need to Next, at the tension end of the door, rewind the rewind spring tension to reset the door and charge wheel, restoring the lost spring tension allows for more frequent testing of the fire door and clamp the drop arm in place. Now, replace system to assure fire readiness of the the broken fuse link or clear the smoke detector automatic closing system. These systems are (most smoke detectors reset by turning power ideal for larger size fire doors that are under off for a few seconds and then back on) or extreme spring tension, for fire doors in alarm panel so as to reset the release holder applications where the coil and bracket allowing the end link to be re-installed. Restore assembly is mounted concealed above a the sash chains or cables to their original ceiling, or for any application where mechanical configuration. Finally, remove all clamps and resetting is not practical or not desired. operate the door for two full cycles. Non-spring release operators are available for both electric and manually operated systems. Typical with these style systems is an operator Automatic Closing that does not disengage with the drive shaft assembly for automatic closing. In many All fire doors must close automatically when a instances, the operator also acts as the fire occurs. Conventional fusible link units governor to control the automatic closing speed activate from the ambient heat created by fire. of the door. Many of these style governing A fuse link is two metal links held together by systems are very effective in controlling solder which melts at a prescribed temperature, automatic closing speed, both in consistency of typically 165°F for most fire door applications. speed for the entire closing of the door and by maintaining the average closing speed on the However, a door connected to smoke detectors slower end of the allowable spectrum of not or alarm panels requires a door release holder slower than 6 inches and not faster than 24 to convert the electronic alarm signals into a inches per second, adding an additional level of mechanical movement for the door to close. safety. The release holder may cause the door to close by gravity, like a fuse link, or close 69

Since spring tension is not released for Once the drop test is complete, following the automatic closing, the resetting procedure is manufacturer’s instructions to reset the lever much easier and safer. Some electric systems returns the door to normal operation. simply require opening the door by use of the open push button on the control station after Special care must be taken with sash chain or the alarm signal is cleared and power is cable routing when floor-level disconnects are restored. Other systems may require re- used. The floor-level disconnect should be engaging the drop bar at the release device. mounted in an area easily accessible to users, But no matter what style non-spring release but turnbuckles and other fittings should be system is selected, the dangers and mounted out of reach to avoid tampering. Use inconvenience of rewinding spring tension to caution when using pulleys to route the floor- reset the door is eliminated. level disconnect sash chain or cable to ensure the proper slack is maintained when the The installer should take special precautions disconnect is activated. Improper routing with when servicing non-spring release Fire Doors. pulleys could cut the disconnect lever stroke in These doors are designed to fall under their half. own weight from any point of travel. If the brake mechanism is disengaged or if the governing Floor-level disconnects allow for easy drop device is disengaged or defective, release of testing of the door. They are often intended to the door could result in a rapid freefall causing allow the end user to drop test the door more damage or injury. Never service the drive frequently, ensuring the safe working of the fire components of these doors without first door and providing early warning when service securing the curtain from moving. It is also is needed. The end user should be shown the critical to maintain proper chain tension and proper way to perform a safe drop test and sprocket alignment during installation to encouraged to secure the floor-level disconnect prevent the roller chain from coming off during to avoid use by unauthorized personnel. This is operation. also a good opportunity to inform the customer that NFPA 80 requires fire doors to be Although non-spring release systems tend to inspected and tested annually, and to maintain be more costly up front, their long-term cost written documentation of such inspections. can be significantly less than traditional style systems when comparing the costs and inconvenience associated with mechanically resetting fire doors. These style systems also Release Devices add a higher level of reliability, both in design and because the closing system can be A key element to the automatic closure of a fire effectively tested as much as desired. door is the release device. A release device is a component that senses an emergency condition in one way or another and Floor-Level Disconnect mechanically or electrically activates the closing mechanism of the door. The following Common with non-spring release fire doors is information outlines various common release the use of a floor level disconnect. This is devices, how they work, and their typically a wall or guide mounted release lever requirements. Refer to DASMA Technical Data connected into the sash chain or cable routing Sheet #255 as part of this section and for of the door. Actuation of the Floor Level additional information. Disconnect slacks the sash chain or cable simulating the separation of a fusible link and initiating the automatic closure of the door.

Fusible Link Per NFPA 80, fusible links must be located 4” to 12” below the ceiling on both coil side, and The most common fire opposite coil side of the door and near the door door release device is a opening on coil side. fusible link. A fusible link NFPA 80 also requires a is comprised of two fuse link housing to keep pieces of metal held the fuse link exposed to together by low-melting solder. They are used the heat of a potential fire to connect two pieces of sash chain or cable if a drop, or false, ceiling is on a fire door. Upon melting of the fusible link, installed above the door opening. Fusible links the two pieces of sash chain or cable become should be interconnected such that separation separated causing the release arm or dropout of any one link will cause the door to close. arm to become activated thus initiating the automatic closure of the door. Listings for fusible links can be found in the UL Building Material Directory, Category JGIX or in the FM Approvals Guide for Building Materials. Links are commonly marked with information such as the manufacturer’s name, agency listing mark, temperature rating, pull rating and date. The pull rating is marked with a letter, “B” the 40-pound rating, being the most common. It is important not to exceed this rating when installing fuse links. Keep in mind that Factory Mutual fusible link requirements differ from UL requirements. Failure to utilize FM listed fusible links on an FM listed door could prevent approval of the door by the AHJ and/or void the FM fire rating. Fuse links should be connected to sash chain or cable using S- Links for fire door usage are typically rated at hooks. All fusible links should 165°F or in some special cases 212°F. It’s be at least 6” away from any important to note that a 165°F rated fusible link fixed point such as pulleys, thru- has a recommended maximum ambient wall pipe or raceway, etc. to exposure temperature of 100°F. If ambient avoid snags preventing temperatures are expected to regularly see > dropout. Sash chain or 100°F, then 212°F rated links are cable routing should be recommended. It’s also important to ensure planned to avoid sharp other fire systems within the building are turns or < 90° bends and compatible with the fuse link temperature routed through eyebolts fastened to the wall. rating. If used with temperature activated Turn buckles should be used to tension the sprinkler systems, the fire door activation sash chain or cable and should be located high temperature must be less than the sprinkler enough that they are out of reach to avoid activation temperature. Keep fusible links away tampering. The routing must not hang up on from areas accessible to sprinkler heads or ceiling construction and it may be necessary to install shields to prevent spray on the fusible use cable instead of sash chain here. The link. Authority Having Jurisdiction is ultimately responsible for approval of fuse link routing.

Fusible links and routings should be inspected Twists or snagged cable and sash chain annually for evidence of corrosion, soldered arrangements are frequently noted as a reason joint cracks, paint residue, chemical residue, for failure of such systems to operate properly. stress/strain or buildup of any other foreign According to DASMA Technical Data Sheet material that will impair the performance of the #254, the following recommendations are made link. Clean debris from fusible links and to prevent operational failures and ensure routings using air pressure. Replace links proper operation: annually in severe conditions such as corrosive or greasy environments. Fusible links should • Wire rope or cable that incorporates an never be painted or modified in any fashion. exterior plastic coating should not be Fusible links should be replaced immediately if used. painted, sprayed with chemicals, or modified in • Wire rope and cable should be a nominal any way. 1/8-inch or 3/32-inch in diameter. • A sash chain used in a rolling fire door Some fusible link manufacturers recommend release assembly must be provided by the fuse links be replaced once a year. The Fusible original fire door manufacturer. alloy that is used in the manufacturing of the • For proper operation, do not locate the Fusible Links is subject to a phenomenon travel path of a fusible link close to an known as Creep or Cold flow. It is the eyehook, wall penetration, or other continuous application of load versus time that obstruction. will ultimately fracture the Link. NFPA 80 does • Sharp angles, i.e. angles less than 90 not address the replacement frequency of the degrees, should be avoided. Fusible Links, however, it is stated that the Fusible Links shall be installed according to the Refer to the complete DASMA TDS #254 for manufacturer. more details.

Sash Chain and Cable Closing Speed

For conventional fire doors, the fusible link or The standard for closing speed of rolling steel release device is connected to the dropout fire doors is recommended in the National Fire mechanism on the door by means of a sash Prevention Association Bulletin 80, Standards chain or cable. Upon activation of the fusible for Fire Doors and Fire Windows that the link or release device, the sash chain or cable closing speed must average not slower than 6 must travel smoothly through any eyelets or inches per second and be not faster than 24 pulleys. The chain or cable must be free from inches per second. All manufacturers doors any twists or kinks which would prevent the are designed to meet this standard and the door from closing properly. On through wall installer must test the installation to applications, the chain or cable must travel demonstrate compliance for the AHJ’s freely through the raceway. approval.

Basic Electro-Mechanical Release Device

This is a device that will initiate the release of the release arm or “dropout” arm. This type of release device receives an electrical message from a fire or smoke alarm. The device will also 72 activate the release arm or “dropout” arm in the the door will return to the open position then event of a power outage. A time delay between return to the closed position. The door will signal reception and release of the doors can typically cycle three times prior to resting on be built into this type of release device to the obstruction. If the obstruction is reduce the number of nuisance drops. The removed the door will continue to the fully time delay is normally 10 seconds with some closed position. units having adjustable delays up to 60 seconds. It is important to determine if local If power is not present at the fire door operator, codes will accept time delays longer than 10 the door will mechanically release and close. seconds.

Motor Controlled Release (Non- Electro-Mechanical Release Device Spring Release) with Battery Back-Up This unit does not have a separate release This type of unit operates in a similar fashion to device but does have releasing logic built-in to the basic release device with some additional the motor unit. This unit has the following features. features:

• The unit can support auxiliary devices, • The fire door will close via the motor such as smoke detectors, sounder alarms operator during an alarm situation, providing and strobe lights. there is power to the operator. • The unit has “down limit” detection • Most units have obstruction sensing logic capability. The release mechanism will not built-in the unit. If the fire door closes release if the door is already in the closed electrically and encounters an obstruction, position. the door will return to the open position then • The feature of the battery back-up will return to the closed position. The door will also prevent the door from closing in the typically cycle three times prior to resting on event of a power outage for up to 72 the obstruction. If the obstruction is hours. removed the door will continue to the fully closed position. The battery powers the release device only • The fire door will NOT mechanically and will not power the motor operator. release. If power is not present, the door will close upon the disengaging of an electric brake. Once power is restored, the door can Electro-Mechanical Release Device be raised via the motor operator and is with Battery Back-Up and Motor restored to fire mode. Controller

The addition of the motor controller on this unit Motor Controlled Release with provides the following added features: Battery Back-Up (Non-Spring Release): • The fire door will close via the motor operator during an alarm situation, providing This unit does not have a separate release there is power to the operator. device but does have releasing logic built-in to • Most units have obstruction sensing logic the motor unit. This unit has the following built-in the unit. If the fire door closes features: electrically and encounters an obstruction,

• The fire door will close via the motor Ionization types measure the density of visible operator during an alarm situation, providing and invisible combustion particles. Its there is power to the operator. operation may be sensitive to combustion • Most units have obstruction sensing logic particles not related to fire such as vehicle built-in the unit. If the fire door closes exhaust and vapors from chemical reactions. electrically and encounters an obstruction, Some models available with heat detection. the door will return to the open position then return to the closed position. The All smoke detectors must be designed to door will typically cycle three times prior to transmit a signal to activate the releasing resting on the obstruction. If the system of the door. Detectors designed for obstruction is removed the door will release will have Form C contacts for such use. continue to the fully closed position. Form C contacts are the auxiliary relay • This unit has a battery back-up system contacts used to connect the smoke detector to that will monitor the fire door’s alarm the release holder. Smoke detectors are function for a period of 72 hours. If power available with and without a heat sensor, is discontinued to the operator, the door depending on the specifications, and both will remain in the open position if the types are acceptable for fire door use. Where alarm system is not activated. Upon alarm multiple smoke detectors control a number of activation or a low power warning in the doors, they must be wired so that activation of battery the door will close via the any one detector will result in door closure. releasing of the electric brake. • The fire door will NOT mechanically release. If power is not present, the door Heat Detector will close upon the disengaging of an electric brake. Once power is restored, Carbon Dioxide, rate of rise, and other the door can be raised via the motor specialty detectors may also be used in operator and is restored to fire mode. conjunction with smoke detectors in some applications. It is critical to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for testing and resetting any release device and fire door. End of Line Device

End of line devices Detectors are required by UL at the end of all smoke Detectors come in many types and typically detector circuits. A 2- detect heat or smoke. wire smoke detector uses and End of Line Smoke Detectors Resistor, and a 4 wire smoke detector uses and End of Line Relay Smoke detectors fall into two Their purpose is to change from standby status groups, photoelectric and to alarm mode in the event of power loss to the ionization. smoke detector. Without these relays, disabled smoke detectors would give no outward Photoelectric types measure the amount of appearance of their non-functioning condition. light scattered by smoke. Its operation may be End of line relays are critical to safe function of sensitive to smoke and heat not related to fire a Fire Door in smoke detector circuits but are such as dense smoke areas or theatrical often overlooked in the bidding stages of a job. special effects. Some models available with heat detection. 74

Warning Devices

Typical smoke detectors used with rolling fire For example, using the fire alarm system on a doors do not provide any type of warning. six-story building with multiple fire doors on Some applications may require warning each floor without localized regions will result in devices. Sounder devices, strobe lights and all fire doors on all floors closing at the same even verbal warnings are available with some time each time there is an activation. By using models of release holders. Sounder-strobe a local region, the doors can be grouped into devices are recommended with door release local regions causing much less hassle when holder device applications having no other form there is an activation of fire alarm warning device.

Location

Mounting location of smoke detectors is described in NFPA 80 and NFPA 72, the National Fire Alarm Code. The first guideline installers must follow is that smoke detectors should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Detectors or fusible links shall be installed on both sides of the wall, interconnected so that the operation of any single detector or fusible link causes the door to close. An exception to this is that detectors are not required to be mounted to the exterior side of exterior walls.

Generally, smoke detectors shall be mounted on the ceiling at least four inches from a wall or on a wall with the top of the detector not less than four inches or more than 12 inches below the ceiling. An exception to this, according to the National Fire Alarm Code, is that when a mounting surface might become considerably warmer or cooler than the room – such as a poorly insulated ceiling below an unfinished attic, the detectors shall be mounted on an inside wall.

Smoke detectors at times are incorporated into the overall fire alarm system versus using local regions. This could activate all fire doors within the building envelope if activated by the system versus a regional activation.

Section Seven Obtaining and Installing the Correct Door The Bid Specifications Part 2.00 Product

The specification section is 2.01 Manufacturers. In this paragraph a list of an area to become familiar acceptable manufacturers will be listed. with. During installation Some architects will have an area and and testing, from time to criteria for accepting manufacturers time it will be necessary to other than those listed. These are called review the specifications an “or equal.” Here some will also list the before the installation model number of a specific door that begins. Knowing how to they are looking for. read a specification and 2.02 Materials understanding the specifications of the product 2.02.1 Curtain. Here the curtain design being installed will better enable an installer to and type will be called out. For perform the installation efficiently and example, 22 gauge with a 3 inch professionally. Should you discover a slat design. questionable installation issue with regards to 2.02.2 Guides. Here the guides will be the specification, you should first discuss the discussed. Type, thickness, issue with your company’s sales staff. finish, galvanizing, wind-bars, etc. 2.02.3 Counterbalance. The type of This section will review the paragraphs of a counterbalance desired, such as specification. Not all architects follow the same torsion spring or weight, amount format, but most will cover the following areas. of cycle springs required, etc. 2.02.4 Brackets. The type and thickness of the brackets and finish. Rolling Door Specifications 2.02.5 Hoods. The type of hood, gauge of steel, finish, baffles, etc. Part 1.00 General 2.02.6 Operation. Options include manual, chain hoist, crank, or 1.01 Material to be furnished. The paragraph motor operation. If an electric will have a brief overview of what is to operator is desired this is where be supplied. i.e. rolling fire door, the type, size etc. will be electrical operators, etc. specified. 1.02 The rating of the door specified. What 2.02.7 Closing devices. This may be the class and hour rating is required. most difficult area of the 1.03 Opening preparation. Who is to prepare specification. With so many types the opening? Ultimately, you will be and designs of closing devices responsible for the inspection of the available, it may be difficult to prepared opening and insuring that it is determine what the architect and adequate for installation of the type and the end user wants to accomplish rating of door specified. other than just having the door close.

2.03 Finishes Ordering the Door 2.03.1 Galvanizing. The type of galvanizing to be used. Ordering the door should be accomplished with 2.03.2 Finish selection. Galvanized care and foresight. An installer may be unpainted, prime painted, or consulted in this process and should be maybe a powder coat finish may knowledgeable about the product and its be specified. application. Rules governing the installation of 2.03.3 Stainless steel finish. The type rolling doors not only follow specifications, but and finish. Most typical is #4 also – in many cases – the law and local finish. building codes. The proper action taken to ensure the correct door is ordered is an Part 3.00 Execution important step in the installation process, whether the project is small and simple or large 3.01 Installation and complex. 3.01.1 Typically this area calls for the door to be installed according to Prior to ordering a door, shop drawings should the manufacturer’s instructions. be submitted to the construction manager, 3.01.2 A requirement for the contractor, owner, and any other essential manufacturer’s dealer or certified person involved in the project. Written installer with a certain number of approval should be obtained on the drawing years experience may be from the proper authority on the job. This may required. be an architect, engineer, etc. When drawings are returned “approved as corrected” or other 3.02 Testing similar wording, the drawings should be 3.02.1 Typically a requirement for a drop reviewed with a high degree of scrutiny. Some test will be specified. This area changes may impact the originally quoted price may also request having an end for the installed door. When this occurs, the user’s representative on hand to issue should be raised prior to ordering the witness the drop test. Be sure door, and not after the installation is completed. that whenever drop testing any If the drawings are not approved as submitted, fire door that you use a drop test new drawings should be submitted and form that is signed off by the approved. A professional installer also will customer or AHJ and the perform a site survey to verify field dimensions technician performing the test. against the approved shop drawings including opening size, side room, head room, etc. 3.03 Quality Assurance Taking the extra steps to ensure accuracy from the initial stages of the process will enhance 3.03.1This area will specify certain the efficiency and profitability of the project. quality assurance issues, not only with the installation but also with When ordering the door, drawings should be the drop test, including clean up sent to the manufacturer along with the order. at the job site, touching up the Errors or mistakes can be prevented through finish, and testing and lubricating this additional review stage. In some cases, the door after the installation is manufacturers may require copies of the shop complete. drawings at the time of ordering. Adhering to this simple rule not only may help prevent mistakes but also may provide protection in the event of a dispute. In most cases the seller of the door will remain contractually bound in

77 accordance with the plans and specifications for the project unless a specific request for an As noted elsewhere in this study exception to these requirements is granted. guide, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions when installing a rolling door. These Receiving the Door products are well-designed, effective tools in the protection of Once the door has been ordered and shipped lives and property, but are intended to work the next step is proper receiving of the material. under specific installation conditions. If at any Once a product is received, a proper counting time you experience a conflict between a and checking of the material before the truck manufacturer’s instructions and an installation has left the dock is required. In many cases, circumstance, contact the manufacturer for shipping miscues involving missing items or guidance. damage may delay the start of a project. An even worse scenario is to discover missing parts or specialty hardware once an installation Getting Started project is well under way. Prior to loading material, check that all When all is received and accounted for, paperwork is complete and correct. All crates storage and handling is the next step. The door and boxes must be accounted for and loaded. should be stored indoors away from the outside It is important to read all instructions carefully, elements. Be sure the door is stored inside, checking shop drawings supplied for any out of the weather. Careful attention must be special conditions. Open all crated materials given to storage of the curtain assembly. These and check with attached parts list prior to are typically very heavy and can be easily installation. All parts supplied should damaged if dropped due to excessive weight. correspond with the type of door being Some doors may have a special finish. In this installed. If special devices such as electrical event, the final product will be expected to releases, smoke or heat detectors are supplied, appear as a finished product. Damaged parts their individual instructions should be reviewed can result in costly replacement expense and prior to installation. additional delays in the installation project.

Site Inspection Rolling Door Installation Once at the job site, check in with the Instructions appropriate person and review all paperwork and job requirements prior to proceeding.

Review all conditions and area required for the The following is a basic installation guide for installation. Be sure that other trades or rolling doors. This section is intended only persons will remain outside of the work area for as a general reference guide, and not as safety reasons. In some situations, installing actual installation instructions. After this caution tape may be required. section insert the manufacturer’s instructions that will be used in your company.

Sizing the opening

The opening dimensions and clearances must be verified and compared with the approved shop drawings and manufacturer installation instructions. Verify opening width and Assessing the opening height. In addition, the opening surfaces should be plumb, and the floors and lintels level. If All jambs must be plumb, level and square. If they are not, compensation for these conditions removing an old door, all jambs must be clean must be addressed in the beginning. Adequate of existing welds and debris from prior door side room clearances must be available. With mounting material. After the door is removed the use of drop out mechanisms, release arms, and jambs are cleaned and prepared, the etc., more side room is usually required so that jambs and attachments must be checked and the door can move freely and unobstructed. If repaired as necessary before the installation the proper room is not available, these can proceed. conditions must be corrected before the installation can begin. Fire doors must be Part of the installer’s responsibility is to be sure installed according to the manufacturer’s that the type of wall construction and jambs are instructions. those that meet the requirements of the door being installed. This requires verification the wall construction is appropriate for the door that Headroom Requirements was ordered as well as sufficient construction to support the weight of the door and any Here again, dimensions and clearances must applicable fire, wind load or seismic jamb be verified and compared with the approved requirements. If the installer discovers a wall shop drawings and manufacturer installation that is not adequate at the project site, it is their instructions. Addition of future conduit, duct responsibility to bring the conflict to the work, telephone lines, and other potential attention of management. Proceeding with the obstructions should be addressed in advance installation can result in project delays and of the installation with the contractor and complications, along with increased liability to building owner. It is important that the owner the installer and the company. understand nothing should be attached to the door, and that objects should not be stored or installed in a manner that might obstruct the door.

For fire doors, all cables and attachments must be installed in a clear and unobstructed environment so that they may release and move without obstruction. If ceilings will be installed after a fire door installation, it will be important to ensure that ceiling construction will not interfere with drop out arms and other 79 automatic closing components and that access • impact sockets ( 3/8” - 9/16” ) panels be provided for future resetting of the • extensions for ratchets door closing mechanisms. • 2 - 10’ x ½” sling ropes • measuring tape • screwdrivers Job Site Organization • winding bars • vice grips It is important that • wrenches (5/16” - 7/8”) all material be • drill bits for steel (3/16”, 1/4”, 15/64”, 7/16”, organized to be 3/4”, 5/16”, 3/8”, 1/2”) sure that a safe • drill bits for masonry (3/16”, 1/4”, 5/16” 3/8” and efficient 1/2”) installation process is • tin snips achieved. Layout • adjustable wrench guides in adjacent • nut drivers (1/4” - 7/16”) area to the wall. • Wall clamps Curtain, counterbalance shaft and support • cable cutters brackets should be placed clear of the opening • tool pouch to prevent tripping hazards during installation of • pry bar the guides. Layout all hardware and fasteners • Speed wrench to check for proper count and type. For fire • Uni-bit rated products, hardware used must be that • Work gloves provided by the manufacturer. If the provided • Welding gloves hardware cannot be used, substituted • Safety glasses hardware must be approved by the manufacturer. Power Tools:

Tools and Equipment • 3/8” electric drill motor • 1/2” electrical drill motor The following tools are typically used in the • 1/2” masonry drill motor installation of rolling doors: • 1/2” rotary hammer

• Impact wrench • Circular saw • 4 1/2” grinder • Reciprocating saw • Extension cords • Electrical gang box with ground fault interruption (GFI) circuit

Tool List:

• claw hammer • carpenter’s level • water level • pliers • ratchet wrench and sockets (5/16” - 7/8”) 80

Truck Inventory:

• 8’ step ladders (2) • 24’ extension ladders (2) • 5/16” expansion anchors • 3/8” expansion anchors • 5/16” & 3/8” all-thread • Assorted nuts and bolts • Touch spray paint for welds & curtain • Cleaner & rags • Shovel • Broom • Oxygen & acetylene burning outfit • Electric arc welder • Generator • Gas can • Saw horses • 4 wheel dollies • Saw horses • 1-Ton Come-A-Long (2) • 1-Ton Chain hoist • Angle iron cutter • Fire extinguisher • First aid kit • Caution Tape • Hard hats

Guide Installation Warning! Guide assemblies can be extremely heavy. Take proper precautions to ensure Guides are typically shipped assembled from safety when lifting or standing up the guide the factory. It may be necessary to assemblies. disassemble the guides for proper installation. Refer to the manufacturer’s installation documents to determine the spacing of the Wall Types and Mounting guides. It is imperative that this spacing is adhered to within the manufacturer’s There are a variety of wall types on which tolerances and that the guides are plumb. rolling doors can be installed. The type of wall construction will determine, in part, the required Particularly for wind load rated and fire doors, guide construction and fasteners, and the fire installing the guides at the proper spacing and rating of a fire door. This must be determined with strict adherence to the manufacturer’s before the installation can begin. For example, installation instructions is the most important according to the specifications or element of a good installation. If the guides are manufacturer’s details you are supposed to not installed as shown on the drawings and as install a door on steel jambs. You arrive on the outlined in the instructions, the wind load job and there are concrete block walls on which and/or fire rating of the door will be void. to install the door. Installing the guides in “E” Contact the manufacturer for guidance anytime type steel jamb configuration on concrete block field conditions deviate from the drawings and could result in the block splitting out or voiding installation instructions. the fire rating of a fire door. At this point, it would be wise for the technician to contact the Measure the slope of the floor and shim as supervisor and discuss the situation. If not, you necessary to ensure that the brackets are level may end up removing the installed door to have with one another. Guide wall angles must be the contractor change the wall conditions and level with one another to ensure the brackets then be required to re-install the door. are level so that the curtain will fall cleanly down the guides and coil properly when This may have to be done at the expense of opened. the door company, which may not be recoverable from the contractor or owner. It is For Fire Doors, some manufacturers use the responsibility of a professional door installer downward guide expansion of fire doors which to be aware of these conditions and requires shimming both guides an additional considerations before the job is done. For an amount off the floor to provide clearance. installer, recognizing the correct type of wall Reference installation instructions and/or shop and door construction is an important step. drawings for specific expansion requirements. This should take place at the time a door is ordered but should be confirmed prior to the Determine the location of all guide mounting installation. This type of training and fasteners and install the guides to the forethought is an important attribute of a manufacturer’s specifications. Ensure you use professional technician. the fasteners supplied by or specified by the manufacturer and double check them against the installation instructions and shop drawings. Fasteners must be positioned in specific Concrete Walls locations within the wall mounting slots for fire doors to ensure proper guide expansion in the Are typically poured walls and do not require event of a fire. any additional capping of the jamb. For mounting the rolling door guides, usually

82 concrete expansion anchors are used, but instructions as not all manufacturers have through wall bolts can also be utilized. approval for welding of their fire doors and not all listing agencies (most notably FM If the jamb is capped with a structural steel Approvals) approve the use of welding to steel channel or a bent steel plate has been provided jambs. So, while you may find it easier to weld at the wall jamb, the door may be designed to the guides to the jambs, it may violate fire door mount to either the concrete wall with use of a approvals and listings. Afterwards, the only fix “Z” type guide or to the steel member with use is to remove the guides and install them of an “E” type guide. If mounting to the steel correctly using the proper fasteners. member, refer to steel wall type below for wall mounting information. Stud-Mounted Drywall

Masonry Walls This is a common wall mounting application for counter doors and counter fire doors. Through There are two types of configurations for this bolt mounting is used on larger rolling doors wall. The first is the unfilled or hollow block and lag screws may be provided for smaller wall. Hollow block walls require special doors. Through bolts are required for fire doors attention. Through bolts with crush plates unless the manufacturer has other specific should be used for this type of mounting mounting approvals included with their listing. application and are required by NFPA 80 for Fire Doors. Expansion anchors should never be used with hollow block walls as there’s Wood Walls nothing for them to expand into. The purpose of the crush plates is to prevent the bolt from Rolling doors are occasionally mounted to pulling through the wall. wood walls. Wood wall installation requires the use of lag screws or through bolts and jamb The second type is filled concrete masonry construction should be verified to be adequate block – also referred to as Concrete Masonry to support the loads of the door. Units (CMU) – or brick. On these type walls, use of through bolts or an approved type of This is probably the most uncommon wall type expansion anchors are acceptable fasteners. for a fire door. Although there can be some type of fire rating on this kind of material, it generally is not used. Wood wall installation Steel would require the use of through bolts unless the manufacturers have other specific mounting Steel jambs for a pre-engineered building or approvals included with their listing. concrete walls capped with a steel member are typical applications. Guides installed to steel Fire rated products mounted to non-masonry jambs may be bolted to the steel member with walls must be provided as approved by the tap bolts, or if the mounting condition allows, manufacturer’s listing agency and be mounted using a bolt and nut on the back side of the to the wall with the fasteners as provided by the steel member. Welding of the guides to the manufacturer. steel member may also be done provided the welds are in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Tube Mounted Doors

Before welding fire door guides to steel jambs, Another rolling door mounting method is the be sure to follow the manufacturer’s written use of a tube mounted assembly placed in front 83 of the opening. This mounting is most common door and sufficient to support the door loads. for rolling Grilles and is helpful for situations DASMA has provided a number of Technical where attaching bolts to the wall is difficult if not Data Sheets (TDSs) providing guide mounting impossible. In these cases, base plates are details and recommended jamb constructions secured to the floor or sill and continuous steel to Architects. tubes are attached to the base plates. The top of the steel tube is secured to either structural Reference the following DASMA Technical steel at the ceiling construction or to the wall Data Sheets for specific details critical to Fire above the opening. The tubes may be supplied Door jamb construction: by the manufacturer or by others and should be verified to be adequately attached to the • DASMA TDS261 – Common Jamb building framing members to support the loads Construction for Rolling Fire Doors: of the door. Masonry Construction – Bolted and

Welded Guides When part of the manufacturer’s procedure, fire doors may also be mounted to tubes placed in • DASMA TDS262 – Common Jamb front of the opening. The top of the steel tube is Construction for Rolling Fire Doors: Non- designed for expansion with an expansion tube Masonry Construction – Bolted Guides sleeve assembly that is secured to either • DASMA TDS263 – Common Jamb structural steel at the ceiling construction or to Construction for Rolling Counter Fire the wall above the opening. Not all Doors - Masonry Construction – Bolted manufacturers have a listing for this type of Guides installation, so verify the manufacturer’s listing before using this type of door mounting • DASMA TDS264 – Common Jamb installation. Construction for Rolling Counter Fire Doors: Non-Masonry Bolted Guides Regardless of jamb construction, doors must • DASMA TDS273 – Rolling Fire Doors be installed with the hardware provided and/or Bolted onto Steel Tubes, Set Against specified by the manufacturer, unless Face of Fire-Rated Walls otherwise dictated or approved by a local authority having jurisdiction for Fire Doors. In the event the hardware provided by the manufacturer does not appear to be Preparing the Barrel appropriate for the installation, the manufacturer should be contacted for The barrel will be identified by the manufacturer verification and direction. for hand of operation. Left or right is always taken as you face the coil side. Place the counterbalance shaft according to this Fire Door Jamb Construction designation at the base of the guides. If supplied, install the rings on the Jamb construction is important to a Fire Door’s counterbalance shaft, which will have holes ability to impede a fire. The jambs must have drilled and tapped for ring attachment studs. an equal or greater fire rating than the door to Verify the direction of the coil to insure achieve the rating of the door. While it is not installing the rings in the proper direction. Refer necessary for an installer to know how to build to manufacturer’s installation instructions for all the different jamb types, one must be specific ring attachment drawings. familiar with their construction, method of attachment, and proper guide orientation to ensure they are correct for the fire rating of the

Attaching Curtain to Barrel Assembly secure the curtain from unrolling. Carefully lift each end of the curtain and barrel assembly If door is to be mounted outside, slats are and slide each bracket plate onto the barrel arranged differently than if the door is to be shaft. Be sure that the drive end of the barrel interior mounted. Refer to the figure and gets the drive side bracket and the tension end confirm that the door slats are properly gets the tension side bracket. oriented. Take precautions to prevent curtain damage while lifting and raise the curtain, barrel, and bracket plates up into location. Line up the bracket plate holes with the guide assembly holes and fasten using the manufacturer’s specified fasteners.

Slinging the Curtain

For some larger rolling Lay out the curtain and barrel assembly near doors, the combined the opening. Orient the barrel with its right weight of the coil and hand end on the right side of the opening. barrel may be too heavy Center the top slat of the curtain with the barrel to lift into place as one assembly and connect it to the barrel rings. If item as treated above. rings are not provided, attach the top slat to This method below describes how to lift each bare pipe. one separately.

There are two main methods used for installing Attach the drive side support bracket to the the curtain and barrel assemblies. For smaller guides. Slide the tension side bracket onto the doors, the curtain is usually installed to the barrel’s tension shaft extension and lift the barrel on the ground while for larger doors; the barrel assembly and tension bracket into place curtain is typically slung from the barrel. We with slings. Feed the drive shaft through the will touch on each of these methods in this drive bracket already attached and proceed to manual. attach the adjusting bracket to the guides.

The tensioning end of the barrel contains most Curtain Rolled on Barrel on Floor of the spring and is generally the heavier end, so sling the barrel accordingly to best balance Use lumber, PVC pipe, cardboard, or any other the load. adequate material to protect the curtain finish and unroll the curtain on the ground with the Choose multiple equal lengths of strapping or coil side of the slat facing up. Place the barrel safety rope. It is the installer’s responsibility to on top of the curtain and line up the barrel with verify that the strapping or safety rope is of the top slat. The barrel should be centered on adequate strength to support the coil’s weight. the curtain. Tie a large loop in the straps around each end of the barrel so as to cradle the coil. The coil Install the curtain to the barrel using the and barrel should be separate by a minimum of fasteners provided. Roll the curtain up around 18” and the coil should be rolled to have the the barrel. Be sure that the curtain roll is tight top attachment slats exposed. and straight and use ropes or strapping to

underbalanced fire doors, initial turns may be close to zero. Due to variations in steel, springs, friction, etc., slight field adjustment to the specified initial turns may be required to provide optimum balance and/or drop speed.

Caution! Always wind tension when the door is in the up position. The springs are under the least amount of tension at this point. Reference the manufacturer’s installation instructions when special springing systems are utilized.

By hand, Begin to rotate the barrel in the direction to rotate the raise the curtain. The rope loops will tension wheel consequently uncoil the curtain. When slightly in sufficient curtain has been uncoiled, attach the both top slat to the barrel assembly. With the top directions to slat attached, continue to completely unroll the determine the curtain in a similar fashion. neutral point of the tension Some installers use spring tension and/or shaft. Mark manual chain hoists to roll the coil around the the hole on barrel to make it easier to rotate the barrel. the tension wheel which While restraining the coil from turning freely, is nearest to the retaining lug on the tension feed the bottom bar into the top of the guides side bracket. Using sufficiently sized winding allowing the curtain to advance approximately bars, insert the two winding rods securely into 6 inches to 12 inches. Block the bottom bar so the holes in the tension wheel. it cannot travel beyond this point. Proceed to attach the stops to the top of both guides. Tension is applied in the direction as the door would turn as it coils upward. Apply the manufacturer’s initial revolutions counting from Installing the Tension Wheel the mark on the tension wheel made earlier. The initial revolutions are the required number If not installed while rolling the curtain around of turns of the spring to hold the curtain in the the barrel, follow the manufacturer’s open position. instructions for installing the tension wheel to the tension shaft and secure from falling. While holding the winding bar firmly in one hand, insert the tension wheel pin with the other hand through the lug in the bracket and into the hole in the tension wheel to lock the Applying Tension spring tension at the desired number of revs. Remove the winding rods. Operate the door to The amount of initial revolutions of the spring, ensure proper balance and adjust tension as usually specified by the manufacturer, is the needed. theoretical starting point for the required spring tension. In most cases this figure is correct, but Important: Apply only enough tension to hold due to variations in steel, springs, friction, etc., the door in the up position against the stops. slight adjustments may be required. For 86

This is the optimum setting. Too much tension operator bracket prior to installing the hood to can cause door damage or present a safety provide access for assembly fasteners. If the hazard. door is to be motor operated, reference the separate installation instructions for electric Note: It may be necessary to temporarily operators in this manual. clamp fire door drop out mechanisms in place until sash chain or cable routing is complete. Operating mechanisms can vary tremendously from one manufacturer to the next. Reference the manufacturer’s installation instructions for Applying Tension: Inside Tension details on assembling specific operating Holder/Wheel mechanisms. Some manufacturers factory- assemble the operating mechanisms to the When side room is limited, an inside tension drive brackets to aid with field assembly. adjustment mechanism may be used. Follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions and safety precautions. The curtain must be Hood Installation unrolled down into the guides to access the tension shaft and/or tension wheel. The curtain If supplied, it may be necessary to install the is typically shortened at the barrel to provide lintel brush before installing the hood. access to apply tension. Using the proper winding bars, apply the total spring turns If the hood requires indicated by the manufacturer. The tension intermediate hood shaft is then typically pinned to an inside shaft support(s), use a holder to secure tension. Test and adjust as chalk line to strike a required for proper balance. level line across the lintel even with the top of the support Applying Tension: Compound brackets. Reference Tension Wheel the manufacturer’s specifications to

determine the On doors with large amounts of spring tension, mounting location of a compound adjusting mechanism may be the hood supports. Install the top of the hood used. These mechanisms use mechanical support to the lintel in line with the chalk line reductions to decrease the force required by using the supplied fasteners. the installer to tension the door. Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for Lift the hood up into position and fasten to the installation of a compound tension wheel. brackets and/or supports. Fasten the top flange

of the hood to the lintel using the fasteners Once installed, operate the door to ensure supplied by the manufacturer. Follow the same proper spring tension, and make adjustments procedure for installation of the fascia if as needed to provide a safe, well-operating provided. door.

If the door is supplied with a baffle, check for

proper baffle functionality. Operating Mechanism Assembly

If the door is manual pushup operation, skip this step. Otherwise, it may be necessary to assemble the operating mechanisms to the 87

Final Assembly The first step in performing a safe drop test of a fire door is to perform a thorough visual If applicable, install the tension and drive side inspection of the door. This visual inspection covers with the supplied fasteners. should be performed upon completion of any new installation and for any fire door being Attachment of the guide and lintel seals, if serviced or drop tested in the field. It is supplied, is one of the final steps of installation important to perform the visual inspection prior prior to turning the door over to the owner or to performing a drop test to avoid a dangerous general contractor. Clean the entire door situation or damage to the door due to a assembly including hoods and covers. Install all malfunction. The following are items to look for safety and warning labels. Clean all debris and during a visual inspection: trash created by the door installation and sweep clean. • Guide and wall fasteners are not missing or loose. There should be no gaps For fire doors, install release devices, chains, between the guide wall angles and the cables, etc. per manufacturer’s instructions and jambs. Welds and weld locations comply the guidelines set forth in this manual. There with the manufacturer’s installation are many ways in which to run the fuse link instructions. assemblies. Once the release devices are • Guide assemblies have the proper guide installed, drop test the door to be sure that all expansion clearance and fasteners are devices release, cables and chains slide installed in the proper slot locations per properly, and all adjustments have been made the manufacturer’s instructions. to ensure the door drops correctly. Once the • Curtain, barrel, and guides are plumb and door has passed the drop test, properly secure level. all release devices and set for operation. • Release and /or drop arms are properly connected to the fusible link and /or A second drop test is required to be performed release device. and witnessed by a representative of the • Fusible links and detectors function owner. Completely fill out the drop test form properly and are located in accordance that may be supplied by the manufacturer or with manufacturer’s instructions, the use the DASMA form available in TDS #271. requirements of NFPA 80, and local code. Leave one copy with the appropriate person • Fusible links and sash chain or cables are and retain the original copy for file. not painted or coated with dust or grease, cable is not kinked or pinched, chain is flexible and not twisted, and raceways and Inspection and Drop Testing of Fire eyelets are not obstructed. Doors • Smoke detectors and auxiliary devices have power. A fire door requires drop testing both at initial • Door curtain slats are not bent, cracked or installation, and at least on an annual basis per torn and endlocks are not missing, bent, NFPA 80, Chapter 15, Section 15-2.4.3 and in broken or loose. accordance with the Authority Having • Bottom bar should be straight with no Jurisdiction. Fire doors should also be drop loose bolts and should contact the floor, tested anytime service is performed. This drop sill, or countertop for the full width of the testing is essential to ensuring the safe closure opening in the closed position. and proper fire protection of the door in the • Guides should be clear of any debris. event of a fire. They should not be pinched, bent or have any loose attachment points.

• Hood, fascia, and/or Flame Baffle should be properly attached, not bent and not The drop test is required to confirm that the fire rubbing the curtain when the door is in door will close automatically during a fire motion. emergency and should test all aspects of • Brackets and operating mechanism proper operation of the release mechanism. should not show any signs of worn, This will ensure that the fire door will close in a missing or misaligned parts. Gears or fire emergency situation. It is imperative to use sprockets should not be missing any teeth the manufacturer’s instructions for testing the and shafts should not be bent. release mechanism. If the door has multiple • Release mechanism should not be tied-off closing options, all options should be tested. preventing automatic closing. • Nothing that is not a part of the fire door Initiate the drop test by inducing slack into the assembly is attached to any part of the fire sash chain or cable routing. This can be done a door assembly. variety of ways depending on the type of door • The opening is clear of any obstructions and requirements of the AHJ. One method which may prevent the door from closing. used, which is occasionally required by the AHJ, is to melt and separate one of the fusible Any replacements parts must be manufactured links. Activating a floor level disconnect or by the original manufacturer of the fire door. In separating a turnbuckle are other common some instances, a door manufacturer might no ways of initiating a drop test. Fire doors longer be in business and original parts not integrated into building smoke or fire alarm available. In such cases, the technician should systems or using electro-mechanical release discuss the parts with the owner and consider devices should also be tested utilizing those replacing the door entirely. systems.

The next step in a drop test following the visual For the drop test to be successful, the door inspection is an operational inspection. The must close completely from the full open door should be operated through a complete position and be in full width contact with the cycle to verify smooth, proper operation. floor, sill, or countertop. The drop speed of the Excessive lift effort or hoist effort, or a door should be no slower than 6 inches per struggling operator may be a sign of a broken second and no faster than 24 inches per spring. Any abnormal noises, damage, or other second as required by NFPA 80. Determine the observations should be fully investigated and drop speed by dividing the door height in repaired if necessary, prior to performing a inches by the time in seconds from release until drop test. the door contacts the floor, sill, or countertop.

If the door has passed visual and operational The drop test should be witnessed by the inspections, operate the door to the full open building owner, building owner agent, and/or position to prepare for the drop test. The area the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A drop test should be roped off to keep people away from form should be completed with a copy for the the door while it is being tested. building owner and a copy for the installer’s records. Records should be maintained for WARNING! Drop testing should only be future contact for scheduled annual drop test performed from the full open position. This inspections. position is critical not only in measuring the success of the test, but also in avoiding Upon completion of a successful drop test, permanent damage to the door and in reset the release device(s) according to the safeguarding against potential injury to people manufacturer’s instructions. After resetting the in the vicinity of the door. release device(s), close and raise the door

89 using the operational method of the door. The door must be drop tested twice – once to verify proper operation and full closure, and a second time to verify that the automatic closing device was properly reset. Ultimate acceptance of a fire door is the decision of the authority having jurisdiction, as defined in NFPA 80.

Refer to DASMA Technical Data Sheets #252, #271 and #276 for additional drop test information.

Miscellaneous Final Checklist

• Apply all warning labels in the appropriate locations before leaving the installation site. • Check the area for any extra parts and be sure these were not omitted in the installation process. • Have the customer or his representative sign off on the installation and exchange all documentation and keys to locks, etc., at this time. Be sure the customer receives a copy of this manual and of the installation drawing.

• If the customer is unfamiliar with the

product, demonstrate the operation of the

door and any optional equipment before

leaving the job site.

• Don’t leave a mess. Clean up the area

and make sure the area is secure if you’re the last one to leave.

Section Eight Installation Instructions for Electric Operators Important Safety Precautions around the door. Examples of such devices are reversing edges, photo-eyes, WARNING! To reduce the risk of injury or etc. death, always read and follow all 5. Reversing devices appropriate to the manufacturers’ instructions and safety application must be installed as part of the precautions. system. 6. Outdoor or easily accessible controls UL 325-2010 requires the use of a monitored must be of the security type to prevent sensing device on all motorized doors that do unauthorized use of the system. not function in constant pressure to close. 7. Place controls far enough from the door Check with the manufacturer of the operator so that a user cannot touch the door when and sensing device to verify UL 325 approval operating the controls. when considering any sensing device for use 8. Controls should be placed so the user has as monitored external entrapment protection. full view of the door when operating. 9. Always set the limits on the operator, Door operators and associated control even if power has not been supplied. equipment should only be installed and 10. Some manufacturers tape the cotter pin serviced by qualified professionals. against the clutch pulley. Make sure you Professional installers should observe the remove it and pin the adjusting nut as per following safe installation procedures. The the manufacturer’s recommendations. installer should also follow all of the 11. Do not over tighten a clutch to manufacturer’s installation instructions and compensate for a damaged door. safety precautions: 12. Test door and service monthly. If adjusting limit travel, retest the door Before Installation: opener. Failure to adjust the door may cause death or injury. 1. Verify that the operator is proper for the 13. Keep doors properly balanced. An type, size of door and frequency of use improperly balanced door could cause per the operator specifications. severe injury. Qualified service personnel 2. Power should always be disconnected should make repairs to the door if needed. whenever installing, wiring, or servicing a 14. Use emergency operation mechanisms door operator or automatic door system. only when the operator has been Not only is the chance of electric shock electrically disconnected. If possible, use thus eliminated, but the moving chains in them only when the door is closed. Use most door operators can catch clothing or caution when using emergency operation fingers and cause severe injury. mechanisms with the door open. Weak or 3. Installation and wiring must be in broken springs may cause the door to fall compliance with local building and rapidly. electrical codes. 15. The installer is responsible for assuring 4. Additional safety devices must be that the owner of the door system installed to prevent entrapment anytime understands its basic operation and pedestrian traffic is expected near or safety. In particular, be sure the 91

owner/end-user understands the location necessary hardware to install the support plate. and operation of the emergency operation Align the support plate to the bracket and mechanism. fasten using the 16. Point out to the owner/end-user of the hardware door system that children or pets should provided. not be allowed to play on or near the door Before or any part of the system, and that the tightening the safety instructions supplied with the fasteners, be operator are the responsibility of the sure to slide the owner/end-user. support plate 17. Leave the installation and maintenance towards the manual for the operator as well as any bracket to additional information supplied with the provide maximum adjustment for tightening the operator or any other components of the roller chain. door system with the owner/end-user. 18. If you have any questions about the safety Wall Mounted Operators: Determine the best of the door operating system, do not location for the operator. The operator should install the operator. mount to the wall off to the side of the door with the operator output shaft in alignment with the door drive shaft. The mounting location should Preliminary Precautions provide adequate structure for mounting the operator to the wall. Locate the operator as To reduce the risk of severe injury or death, close to the door as reasonably possible to read and follow all manufacturer’s safety reduce the length of the roller chain; optimum warnings and installation instructions. Ensure location is 12 to 15 inches from operator shaft that the door is properly installed and working to the door shaft. Excessively long roller chain freely in both directions. Do not install the may require additional devices, such as idler operator until all door problems have been sprockets and chain guides. If a wall mounted corrected. If necessary, oil all moving parts operator support plate was provided, lift the (chains, rollers, guides, etc.). Remove any old support to the predetermined location and accessories (locks, bolts, etc.) before installing fasten to the wall using the appropriate the door operator. Locate any pushbutton fasteners. controls within sight of the door, at a minimum height of 5 feet (1.53m) so small children cannot reach them, and away from all moving Mounting Operator parts of the door. Operator should be installed a minimum of 8 feet (2.4m) above the floor. Installations below Mounting Operator Support Plate 8 feet require the use of an operator cover to protect personnel from accidental contact with Bracket Mounted Operators: Bracket the unit’s sprockets. Mounted Operators: Operator Support Plates are sometimes shipped pre-assembled to the WARNING! Electric operators can be very door brackets by the manufacturer. If the heavy. Exercise extreme caution while support plate is already installed to the bracket, performing this step to prevent and secure the skip this step. Locate the operator support operator from falling to avoid severe injury or plate. Referencing the manufacturer’s death. installation documents, determine the location of the mounting holes on the bracket and

Determine a safe way to securely hoist the Loosen the electric operator up into position. Carefully operator mounting align the operator to the support plate and bolts enough to install the operator to support fasteners. If the allow the operator operator is to mount directly to the wall, use the to slide or pivot. appropriate operator to wall mounting Slide the operator hardware. Make certain that the operator away from the door mounting fully supports the entire weight of the shaft to tighten the operator before removing the lifting drive chain and mechanism. then firmly tighten the mounting bolts. Check the tension on the Place the door sprocket on the drive shaft. chain and the set screws on the sprockets. Slide the sprocket as close to the bracket as There should be no more than 1/4-inch slack the operator installation will allow while still when chain is depressed between sprockets. maintaining alignment with the operator output shaft. Insert the key into the door shaft keyway. If an auxiliary chain hoist is supplied, run the Using the correct size Allen wrench, tighten the hand chain through the pocket wheel and chain set screws to lock the sprocket in place. guide outside the frame; allow both ends to hang down towards the ground and cut hand Use an Allen wrench to loosen the set screws chain, if necessary, so that both ends are in the operator drive sprocket. Slide the approximately 2 feet (0.6m) from the floor. sprocket out into alignment with the door drive Connect the ends of the hand chain. Attach the shaft. If installation permits, use a straight edge release cable to the chain hoist engaging lever to line up the outside faces of the two and route it to approximately 4 feet (1.2m) from sprockets. Once the sprockets are aligned, the floor following the manufacturer’s verify that the operator drive sprocket key is in instructions. If provided, mount the floor level place and tighten the set screws to lock the disconnect lever to the wall to allow the cable sprocket to the operator drive shaft. to be slightly loose when the lever is in the engaged position (upwards). Lay the roller chain provided on the sprockets to determine the Locate and install the floor level chain keeper appropriate chain with the appropriate fasteners. length. Cut the roller chain to length using a Manual Operation of Electric chain breaker if Operator needed. To shorten the chain, If the electric operator is equipped with an punch out the pin that will leave an inside link emergency chain hoist, use the following nearest to the desired length. Connect the instructions to manually operate the door. roller chain around the sprockets and join the two ends of the chain together with the With door in the closed position, pull the connecting link. In some cases, half links may disconnect cable downwards to the be needed to achieve the appropriate length. disengaged position. This will disengage the drive mechanism from electrical operation and transfer it to manual chain hoist drive. A switch disconnects the electrical controls to prevent injuries.

Operate the door manually by pulling set to be activated slightly before the open downward on one side of the chain. Pulling the limit switch when opening. other side will cause door to move in the opposite direction. • The close limit switch is the end of travel in the closed position. Adjust limit cam so To return to electrical operation merely release that the door stops in the closed position the disconnect upwards to the “engaged” at the desired location. The limit should be position. set so that the door contacts and seals with the floor but does not crush the Setting the Limits curtain downward.

There are two main types of limit adjustment; • The advanced close limit switch is used in Electronic and mechanical. the operation of the reversing edge or other reversing devices. This limit switch deactivates any reversing devices slightly Electronic Limit Adjustment before the door reaches its closed position to prevent the door from Limits are adjusted electronically using the reversing on the floor. operator control board. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper key sequence required to set the operator travel limits.

Mechanical Limit Adjustment

Limits are adjusted mechanically using an external limit box. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper adjustment of mechanical limits. Traditional mechanical limit adjustment is as follows:

There are typically four limit switches. Two are used as end of travel, one is for radio control or Control Wiring one button operation and one is for reversing devices such as sensing edges. Wiring Type

• The open limit switch is the end of travel Refer to the wiring diagram located on the in the open position. Adjust the cam so inside cover of the electrical box to determine the type of control wiring. that the door stops in the open position at

the desired location. Be sure to set the Prior to 2010, standard operators were typically limit so the door stops just before shipped from the factory set for C2 wiring, contacting the bottom bar stops. which required constant pressure to close the door. If momentary contact to close was • The advanced open limit switch is used desired, B2 wiring, the operator was either for radio-control and for one-button rewired or an adjustment on the control board (open/close) devices. This limit switch is was required to achieve this wiring type. 94

within sight of the user and is 1. Constant pressure on close (C2 wiring): far enough from the door or The operator requires constant pressure positioned such that the user on the close control to keep the door is prevented from coming in moving in the close direction until it contact with the door while reaches the close limit. operating the controls. The 2. Momentary contact to close (B2 wiring): control station should be a The operator will require only momentary minimum of five feet from the contact on the close control to close the floor to prevent small children door. from reaching.

Since the 2010 revision to UL325, commercial An entrapment warning operators are required to include an external placard is required to be monitored entrapment protection device if B2, mounted on the wall momentary contact to close, is desired. The adjacent to the wall control. exception to this is when a Fire Door Operator The placard should be is closing in an Alarm Condition. In this located such that it is instance, the operator is allowed to ignore visible when operating the safety devices immediately or after a number door. of attempts and close with momentary contact or even if external monitored entrapment protection is not present, for the purpose of Clutch Adjustment Fire Containment and Protection. If the electric operator is supplied Special Control Wiring with a clutch, it is necessary to adjust If the operator was shipped from the factory the clutch to ensure with non-standard control wiring or with proper engagement. optional accessories that require additional Failure to adjust the instructions, refer to the wiring diagram(s) clutch specific to indicated in the special control wiring data box. each door installation When a replacement wiring diagram is present, will result in an refer only to the replacement wiring diagram for unsafe door system all connections. If the wiring diagram is and potential for an missing, or any uncertainties exist regarding accident, injury, or the proper wiring type, contact the operator damage to the door. manufacturer before making any connections. A clutch is not intended to be used as an alternative to Locating the Control Station proper entrapment protection, but rather All operators are supplied with some type of an auxiliary device to control station. Generally, a three-button protect the door from station (Open/Close/Stop) is provided. A two- damage. Follow position key switch or control station these procedures for properly adjusting the (Open/Close) may be added or substituted clutch. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions when requested at the time of order. The wall for specific clutch type adjustment procedures. control(s) must be located so that the door is

1. Move the door to the closed position if provided, and explain how any safety 2. Remove the cotter pin or set screws from devices operate and demonstrate how to the nut on the clutch shaft if needed. test them. 3. Back off clutch adjustment until there is very little tension on the clutch. All installations should include a thorough 4. Tighten the clutch gradually until there is review to document the door system is working just enough tension to permit the operator properly at its conclusion. As with any door to move the door smoothly but to allow system, rolling doors and operators may be the clutch to slip if the door is obstructed. damaged or modified by others following The clutch is not an automatic reversing completion of the installation. Checklists, digital device. photographs, a form signed by the end-user 5. Once final adjustment to the clutch is are methods of documentation. In addition to made, reinstall cotter pin or set screws if providing documentation that may be important previously removed. End users must be in the future, in the event of a malfunction, the instructed in the safe operation and test post-installation process can reveal any procedures of the clutch assembly, as undetected flaws or defects in the installation. well as any other safety devices.

Brake Adjustment

When the electric operator is supplied with a brake, the brake is factory set but may require adjustment after usage. To obtain optimal performance and maximum life, the brake must be adjusted for proper clearance between friction pads and brake tensioning. Reference the operator manufacturer’s installation instructions for detailed information on brake adjustment.

Test the System

1. Once power is supplied, test all controls and safety devices for proper operation. Make any necessary adjustments to the limit switches. 2. Do not leave the power on unless all safety and entrapment protection devices have been tested and are working properly. 3. Install all safety stickers and warning labels. 4. Conduct a thorough review of safe operating procedures with the owner or person(s) responsible for the operation of the door. Review safety instructions, the emergency manual operation of the door,

Section Nine Service and Operation of Rolling Doors Fire Door Repairs required. Field modification is defined as a deviation from the product according to The correct repair and service of Rolling Doors the approved procedure. is paramount to safe operation of the door, and • All fire doors that are repaired shall be correct operation of a fire door during a fire drop tested to ensure the repairs have event. Fire doors have special requirements been completed properly. Two successive when service is needed. A fire door technician successful drop tests are required – one should be familiar with these requirements and to demonstrate proper operation and full handle repair and service properly. Following is closure, and a second to verify that the a list of these requirements as outlined by door was properly reset. The trained door DASMA TDS 257 and 275. systems technician’s company and building owner should retain a written • Repairs shall be made and defects that record of the drop test results, including could interfere with door operation shall the names of witnesses. be corrected without delay. Repair is defined as any action that restores the UL provides special provisions for replacement door to its original approved condition. of bottom bars. • All fire doors shall be repaired with parts obtained from the original manufacturer of the fire door needing repair. When parts are not available from the original manufacturer of the fire door needing repair, it is required that the complete fire door be replaced. As an alternative, a fire door operator, governor, and automatic closing device may be replaced with a labeled retrofit fire door operator when it is

installed in accordance with its installation A replacement bottom bar must be ordered instructions and is acceptable to the from the original fire door manufacturer and Authority Having Jurisdiction. A retrofit produced in accordance with the specifications operator may be provided by other than in the manufacturer’s UL follow-up service the original manufacturer of the fire door procedure. The order should include the needing repair provided the retrofit manufacturer's serial number and, if available, operator listing allows it to be used on the the UL label affixed to the damaged bottom manufacturer's door. bar. The manufacturer will make the • Modifications of any fire door should be replacement bottom bar and attach a new UL arranged with the door manufacturer, and replacement part label, including the hourly with the Authority Having Jurisdiction. rating, or in some cases a new label for the Field modifications can be made only after entire door assembly. They will then ship the being submitted to and approved by the replacement bottom bar, along with instructions listing agency. A field inspection after the for installation and drop testing, to a qualified modifications are made may also be door company to complete the repair. The 97 manufacturer is required to maintain a record • A fire door is damaged or modified and of the original fire door factory order number cannot be repaired using parts from the and original UL label or certificate number original manufacturer. along with the serial number on the UL • The original manufacturer of a fire door is replacement bottom bar label. This information out of business. must be available for a minimum of one year • The door has sustained un-repairable for review by UL representatives. damage.

Modifications of any fire door are not subject Do not perform service or fire door drop solely to the authority of UL and/or FM testing; and recommend that the owner obtain approvals. Such modifications should be service from another qualified entity if: arranged with the door manufacturer, and with the AHJ. All modifications should result in a • The door is not functioning correctly, and door and installation conforming to all you do not have the information or requirements of NFPA 80 as well as any other manuals available to correct the situation. required standards. • You do not have access to necessary parts for a fire door from an original manufacturer whom you know to be in Servicing an Existing Rolling Door business. • You do not feel qualified to service the Although the information contained in this door properly. study guide is intended to cover a wide range of rolling doors, there are times when you will Proceed with service and/or fire door drop encounter doors that are not familiar to testing if and only if: you. This may be doors that are very old or ones that have been modified with other • After reviewing the site, you determine manufacturer’s parts. In those cases, it is that you have the expertise to proceed important that you follow the original with the service call and complete the manufacturer’s recommendations. If you do repair. not have those recommendations, you will • The door is not damaged, only requires need to contact the manufacturer for this routine maintenance, or all repairs for a information or ask the building owner if they fire door can be done using parts from the have a copy of the door manual on file. If none original manufacturer. are available and the manufacturer cannot be contacted, you will need to assess the situation and make one of the following recommendations to the building owner. Relocating an Existing Rolling Fire Door Do not perform service or fire door drop testing; and recommend that a door be Rolling fire doors have occasionally been replaced if: removed from their original installation and then reinstalled on a different opening. The • Servicing the door will result in an unsafe following information is a list of guidelines condition. taken from DASMA TDS 285, which outlines items that manufacturers, dealers, code • The door is damaged or modified and officials, design professionals, and building cannot be repaired. owners and managers should consider before • The door is no longer manufactured, and such an existing door is relocated. the required repair parts are not available.

• Locate the original fire door label from the manufacturer of the door to set up the approval agency on the bottom bar or the new release layout. original oversize door certificate. If this o If the original door is equipped with information is not available, or is illegible, only fusible links to trigger the it may be difficult or impossible to get the automatic closing, it must be evaluated door approved by the AHJ in its new for acceptability at the new location. location. Purchasing a new door may be a Relocation of the door may require the better option. door’s automatic closing to be • Verify the other opening is the same size. triggered by the building’s alarm A fire door is manufactured for a specific system with the fusible links being opening width and height. It cannot be used only as a back up to this system. field modified to fit either a larger or If this is the case, an approved electro- smaller opening. A larger door might be mechanical releasing device will need able to be installed covering a smaller to be purchased to reinstall the door opening without being modified if it can be and connect it to the building’s alarm properly mounted and attached. system. Additional fusible links and • Verify the wall construction is the same. A sash chain / cable may also need to fire door may have been manufactured for be purchased to set up the release a specific wall construction and mounting layout. condition. The wall construction where the o If a fire door is being moved to an new opening is located must be in opening on a corridor or certain other accordance with the listing of the door. locations, current building codes may Some doors, especially older ones, were require that the door also be leakage approved only for installation on masonry rated as an air leakage rated “smoke wall construction. The wall bolts used to door” assembly. In most cases, an reinstall the door must also be in existing fire door cannot be field- accordance with the listing of the door. labeled to comply. Even if the existing • Verify the wall rating is the same. A fire door can be field-labeled, purchasing a door is manufactured with a specific new door may be a better option. hourly rating. It is not uncommon for a fire • Inspect and consider the condition of the door rating to be less than the rating of door. Depending on the age of a fire door, the wall on which it is installed, but it must how well it operates, whether there is be as required by local codes and the damage to be repaired, wear to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. For existing components, and other potential example, a 1½ hour rated fire door is issues, it may not be worth moving. After commonly allowed on 2 hour rated non- the door is reinstalled, it must also be masonry wall construction if it is listed for drop-tested successfully two times in such an installation. A fire door with a accordance with the requirements of rating higher than that of the wall is NFPA 80. normally acceptable. • The door must be re-installed at the new • Verify the fire door is still code compliant: location per the original installation o The Authority Having Jurisdiction may instructions and as originally required by require the fusible link system to be its listing. Copies of the original set up so there are fusible links on installation drawings/instructions should both sides of the wall. If the existing be available to refer to for reinstallation of system is not, additional fusible links the doors. If not, the door manufacturer and chain or cable will need to be should be contacted for availability of purchased from the original such drawings. In most cases, the manufacturer will require the original job

number in order to provide these In conclusion, it is very important to inspect, documents. This may be on a nameplate operate, and drop-test a fire door before somewhere on the door, most likely on committing to move it. It may also be the bottom bar, or it may be marked in an necessary to consult with the door inconspicuous location such as inside the manufacturer to obtain any information that sheet metal hood, on the counterbalance cannot be determined by a site inspection. As shaft or inside one of the end plate with any fire door installation, doors that are brackets of the door. Check to see if this relocated must be installed per the provisions number is available before contacting the of NFPA 80 and meet the requirements of the manufacturer for drawings. AHJ. • The following items are among those that must be verified: o Expansion clearance beneath the Safe Operation of Rolling Doors guides or above the top of the coil o Size and type of wall mounting bolts Rolling doors are very large heavy moving o Bolt locations in the guide and wall objects. When operated safely and correctly, angle slots potential hazards can be mitigated. It is o Type of washers used on the mounting essential for the professional technician to be and assembly bolts intimately familiar with the safe operation of • Consideration must be given to what will these doors not only to follow these procedures happen to the existing opening. on the job site, but to educate the end users. o If the existing opening is part of a Some of these procedures may seem like building undergoing demolition, no common sense, but it is important not to take further consideration is needed. them for granted and lose sight of their o If the existing opening is part of a importance. The following is a list of guidelines building undergoing abandonment, to follow for the safe operation of Rolling consultation with a fire protection Doors: engineer and the Authority Having Jurisdiction may be needed as to • Visually inspect the door for physical whether the opening can be left open. o If the existing opening is being damage or defective components before replaced by another door with different and during each operation. specifications, the Authority Having • Release all locking devices prior to Jurisdiction should be consulted. operating the door. Attempting to operate o If the existing opening is being left a door while locks are engaged can cause open and the areas on both sides of damage to the lock and/or operating the door are still under the same use, mechanisms. a fire protection engineer, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction should be • Only operate the door when it is in full involved. view. User intervention can be much more • Consider if the relocated door will satisfy effective in avoiding dangerous situations building codes and if documentation than relying upon any safety accessories exists to demonstrate such. The Authority the door may have. Having Jurisdiction has the final authority • Operate the door only when it is properly regarding approval. The manufacturer and/or the door listing agency will likely adjusted and free of all obstructions. need to supply supporting information • Always operate doors with smooth, relating to the relocation. controlled movements. Jerking hand chain, slamming doors open or closed,

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and start/stop operator movements can door from operation until repaired to cause damage and wear to the door prevent safety risks to others. and/or operator components. • For manually operated doors, lift the door using lift handles or suitable gripping Floor Level Disconnect Operation points only. • Never walk away from a closing door until Many fire doors now provide floor level it has safely reached the closed position. disconnects which afford convenient access to drop test and ease of resetting a fire door. With The door should be observed for the this added functionality comes added risk. It is duration of its movement to ensure safe imperative that the professional technician fully closing. understand and explain these risks and • Do not walk or drive under a moving door appropriate procedures to the end users of the regardless of if it is closing or opening. door. The following guidelines are provided as • Keep people clear of the opening while reference for understanding these risks and the proper procedure for using a floor level the door is moving. disconnect to drop test a fire door. Always • Do not operate a door that is jammed, has follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely a broken spring, or is damaged in any when drop testing any fire door to ensure other way. Attempting to operate a safety of surrounding personnel and to prevent damaged door could result in additional damage to the door or its automatic closing damage or injuries. function.

• Avoid stopping the door at locations other • Do not close the door by pulling the than open and closed. release lever. The floor level disconnect • Secure all operator controls to prevent should be used for fire door drop testing use by unauthorized personnel. only. • Keep controls away from children. Do not • Never activate a floor level disconnect allow children to play with, on, or around during operation of the door. the door or operator. • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and • Do not pull electric operator hand chain or safety guidelines for drop test procedures. release lever during operation. • Do not • Keep hands and other body parts away perform a from a moving door. drop test • Never operate a door under high wind or without air pressure differential environments. roping off Wind/pressure gusts can cause the door the to lockup or exit the guides resulting in opening. damage to the door. The door • Should the door become difficult to descends rapidly during the test drop. operate or completely inoperable, a Rope off opening to keep persons from trained door system technician should entering area during a test. perform immediate repairs. • Secure hand chains and any other • Follow proper lock-out/tag-out procedures moveable items before drop testing a to secure a malfunctioning or damaged door.

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• Clear opening of all obstructions to ensure clear path of travel to the closed position prior to drop testing. • Never activate a floor level disconnect on a damaged door. • Only operate floor level disconnects from the full open position. Activating a fire door closing mechanism from any position other than fully open could result in damage or injury. • Never attempt to stop a moving door once a drop test has been initiated.

• If the floor level disconnect is activated and the door does not fall, immediately re- engage the disconnect and secure the door from falling. A trained door system technician must properly repair, adjust, and drop test the door to correct the problem and restore operation. • Always drop test a door twice consecutively to ensure proper reset of the floor level disconnect. Failure to verify proper reset procedure could prevent the door from closing in the event of a fire or cause improper operation resulting in severe damage or injury. • Proper drop testing should verify the door closes in full width contact with the sill and travels no slower than 6 in/sec and no faster than 24 in/sec. • Always secure floor level disconnects to prevent use by unauthorized personnel.

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Maintenance and Troubleshooting

The following sections illustrate some common maintenance and troubleshooting techniques for doors and operators. These are not intended as actual procedural instructions, but as a template for general practices with which a professional technician should be familiar. Many operators include electronic error codes to aid in troubleshooting problems.

Do not lubricate a motor. Motor bearings are rated for continuous operation. Do not lubricate a clutch or V-Belt. Inspect and service whenever a malfunction is observed or suspected. Always disconnect operator from power source before servicing.

WARNING! Never adjust the operator clutch to compensate for an improperly balanced or damaged door. Repair all door defects prior to adjusting operator settings.

Door and Operator Maintenance Schedule Check at intervals listed in the following chart:

Item Procedure Monthly Every 3 Every 6 Every 12 Months Months Months Drive Chain Check for X excessive slack. Check & adjust as required. Lubricate.* Sprockets Check set screw X tightness Clutch Check & adjust as X required Belt Check condition X and tension Fasteners Check & tighten X as required Manual Check & Operate X Disconnect Bearings & Shafts Check for wear & X lubricate Door Inspect for wear X and damage Operator Inspect for X unusual noises Operator Inspect for X evidence of corrosion PhotoCell/Sensing Verify proper X Edge Operation operation. *Use SAE 30 Oil (Never use grease or silicone spray)

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Troubleshooting Rolling Doors

The chart below is a list of possible problems with the operation of a door. The causes listed are the most common and are not meant to include all possibilities. With the variety of the product and the field conditions, other factors may be involved. If assistance beyond this troubleshooting chart is needed, please contact the supplier.

TROUBLE POSSIBLE REMEDY CAUSE Door is difficult to Insufficient tension Increase spring tension open; closes easily Door is difficult to Too much tension Decrease spring tension close; raises easily Door jumps up from Too much tension Decrease spring tension floor Curtain runs to one Broken endlocks Check and replace side Barrel not level Check and level barrel Slat misalignment Check and align Door sticks when Bent guide angle(s) Inspect for bent or kinked guides. closing Straighten guides and check opening measurement. Door coil makes Bent slats Inspect, remove and straighten or cracking sound replace Door squeaks when Tight guides Check alignment and spacing. operating Dirty guides Inspect and clean inside of guide. Use light, weather proof lubrication. Door is difficult to Broken spring Remove barrel and replace spring. raise, will not stay open Motor runs, door Curtain jammed; Inspect and remove obstruction. does not operate Drop speed too fast. Insufficient tension. Increase spring tension. Governor Inspect/adjust governor Malfunction Drop speed too Too much tension. Decrease spring tension. slow. Governor Inspect/adjust governor Malfunction Door does not drop Improper sash Check and adjust sash chain/cable when tested chain/cable routing routing. Curtain bound Check hood/flame baffle is not rubbing the curtain. Check curtain is not rubbing the guides. Door does not Release lever Check sash chain/cable routing operate disengaged.

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Troubleshooting Operators Operators are tested and adjusted before shipping from manufacturer. If a problem arises, in most cases it is after installation and external devices are connected. If after connecting external devices you encounter problems, the trouble often lies in the external devices themselves or in the wiring leading to them. Verify all external wiring making certain that there are no wires pinched anywhere and that there are no voltages being sent into the control circuit. The operator functions only with dry contacts: all voltages necessary for proper functioning are generated by the operator transformer.

The following troubleshooting guide will help you identify the source of the problem given a particular symptom.

Symptom Possible Cause Suggested Action Door will not respond to Motor has overworked, and the Reset the overload protection: press reset open or close push overload thermal protection has button located on the side of the unit for a buttons. tripped. single-phase operator. For a three-phase operator, the switch is inside the motor, let the motor cool and restart operator. Is the door unbalanced? Is a larger operator needed? Circuit breaker tripped. Reset circuit breaker. Fuse is blown. Replace fuse. If control circuit fuse keeps blowing: Disconnect all external devices. Leave power terminals connected. (Remove power to terminals). Run the operator artificially by using jumpers and shorting out the appropriate terminals as indicated in the startup and testing guide. Then reconnect the various external devices one by one until you find the one causing the short to ground.

Or, if you have an ohm-meter, use it to check all incoming wires for continuity to ground. The meter should read infinity in all instances. If there is conduction between and control circuit wire and ground, this indicates a leak to ground and this is why the control circuit fuse blows when power is applied. In some cases, the trouble is intermittent, i.e., the fuse only blows at certain times. This problem is difficult to detect, but again, disconnect all wires going to external devices and run the operator. If the fuse does not blow, this indicates the trouble lies in the external devices. Transformer defective. Replace. Defective Stop button. Replace. Loose connection in one of the Verify, tighten, or replace. push buttons. Defective open or close push Replace. button. Door will not respond to Defective Open push button. Replace. open command but will Defective Open Limit Switch. Replace. respond to close Loose wire on open push button, Verify, tighten, or replace. command. open limit switch, or coil of open contactor. Door will not respond to Defective close button. Replace. close command but will Defective close limit switch. Adjust. respond to open Loose wire on close push button, Verify, tighten, or replace. command. close limit switch, or coil of close contactor.

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Door moves in wrong Incorrect phasing. Interchange any two power leads. direction with a three- phase motor. Door closes by itself and Close contactor is defective. Verify and replace. operator does not shut- off at the end of closing travel. Door opens by itself and Close limit switch defective. Verify and replace. operator does not shut- Open contactor is defective. Verify and replace. off at end of opening travel. Door coasts when Brake pad is worn out or requires Replace or adjust. stopped at any position. adjustment. Sensing edge does not Pneumatic hose broken, electrical Replace or reconnect. reverse door. wiring not connected. Reversing devices will Advanced close limit switch is Replace. open the door when the defective. door is closed. The advanced close limit switch is The advanced close limit switch needs not being engaged by traveling adjusted slightly ahead of the close limit cam. switch. When door closes it The advanced close limit switch is Replace. reverses to fully open defective. after it hits the floor. The advanced close limit switch is The advanced close limit switch needs not being engaged by traveling adjusted slightly ahead of close limit switch. cam. A close command is being given. Check close push button or any closing device for short-circuit. Radio-control does not It is normal for a radio receiver to Check protocol code pins of the transmitter function or hesitates for take up to 10 seconds to warm up and receiver-they must be the same. Press 10 seconds before before being fully operational. on the transmitter and listen to the receiver- working. Therefore, when applying power you should hear a faint click. The transmitter for the first time, the radio control battery may be dead, or your receiver may will take 10 seconds before need servicing. To test for radio-control becoming operational. function, short out momentarily terminals 7 and 8 on the terminal strip. Operator should function normally. Have the radio-control verified-the mini-relay inside the receiver may be defective. Motor hums, starts when Capacitor defective. Replace. spun.

Motor fails to shut off at Defective limit switch. Operate limit switch manually while door is fully closed or opened moving. If door does not stop, replace positions. switch. Limit cams are not adjusted. Verify and adjust. Limit drive chain broken. Replace. Loose sprocket on limit shaft. Tighten set screw. Limit shaft does not rotate. Verify and replace. Motor turns but door Sprocket key is missing. Replace. does not move. Drive chain is broken. Replace. Clutch is slipping. Adjust clutch tension. Motor hums or does not Door locked or jammed. Verify manual operation of door. run. Dead phase (three phase supply). Check power supply, fuses on each phase. Brake does not release. Check wires to brake solenoid. Verify and adjust brake tension. Limit switches do not Loose drive or limit chain allows Adjust chain to proper tension. hold their settings. chain to jump sprocket teeth.

Limit cam retainer not engaging Be sure retainer is in slots of both cams. slots in limit cams.

Limit cams are binding on the shaft Lubricate shaft threads. Limit cams should threads which allow them to jump turn freely. position on retainer.

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Radio control opens and Advanced open limit switch is Adjust the advanced open limit switch by reverses the door, but insufficiently advanced from the full bending the switch arm away from the open when the door is fully open limit switch. When the door is limit switch arm and more towards the opened, will close door a fully opened, and a pulse is sent traveling cam. little and bounce back to from the transmitter, the receiver open position again. maintains contact for 1.5 seconds. Door cannot be closed If the advanced open limit switch except by the close push has returned to its normal state, button. the reversing relay will be activated, and the door bounces back to the open position. Electrical Procedures Conclusion

• Disconnect operator from power source This section on service and maintenance before opening the control box. should provide a solid background of basics • Inspect the wiring compartment and with which to start. To become proficient, you remove any dirt from the control unit. must experience many different types of job • Inspect all grounding wires and situations and have the opportunity to work terminations for corrosion. Be particularly with seasoned door technicians. If you run into careful to check ground wires. difficulty and do not have access to the • Check the terminal strip to ensure that all manufacturer’s guidelines, you should always screws are tight. contact your supervisor or the manufacturer for • Verify that the safety edge or other safety the most effective and safest solution. devices installed on the operator are fully operational. You must always work with an attitude of • Verify the voltage at the input terminals safety when working in the repair of overhead while the operator is running. The voltage doors because of the potential danger that must not drop more than 10% during exists in a malfunctioning door. Use common operation. If the voltage drop is excessive sense and think about the consequences of when running, the relays may chatter, the what you do during each step of the repair contact points will wear prematurely and process. Also, point out any potential problems may eventually weld. you see to the customer and make your • Inspect the power terminals for corrosion. recommendations in writing. Document everything that was done on a service call and • Verify the current consumption of the unit have the customer sign and keep a copy of the with an amp-meter. The value of current paperwork. should be consistent with the name-plate

specifications. By taking these recommended steps, you will • For three-phase operators, incorrect limit potential liability to you or your company in phasing of the power supply will cause the the event that anything should go wrong with motor to rotate in the wrong direction. To the door after you have completed your work. correct this, interchange any two of the Most building owners disregard their rolling incoming three phase power lines. door’s need for maintenance or service work

until something goes wrong. Take a few minutes to explain routine maintenance procedures and attach rolling door safety literature to the service paperwork.

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Section Ten Glossary of Terms References to protect a finished surface. Refer to the latest editions for the most current terms and definitions: Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): The organization, office, or 1. UL 325, Standard for Door Drapery, Gate, individual responsible for Louver, and Window Operators and Systems approving equipment, an 2. DASMA TDS #277, Metal Coiling Slat Door installation or a procedure. Terminology 3. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code Automatic Closing Device: 4. DASMA Technical Data Sheet #160, A device, that causes the Sectional Garage Door Terminology door or window to close 5. DASMA Standard #302, Garage Door when activated by a Operator and Gate Operator Terminology fusible link or other release

device. Access Panel: An opening in a ceiling for

access to tension Automatic Fire Detectors: adjusting wheel and to Either individual devices or drive mechanism (motor, prescribed combinations of crank, chain hoist). devices designed to detect Furnished by the ceiling flame, heat, smoke or subcontractor or general combustion gases contractor and not by the resulting from fire. door manufacturer.

Backroom: Amount of clear Accessory: Any supplemental item or unobstructed space device added to the basic extending back from the gate or door system face of the wall.

Adjusting Wheel: See Tension Wheel. Barrel Assembly: A steel tube or pipe that

spans between the door Adjustable Clutch: A friction device that is brackets and contains the designed to slip when springs required to provide torque exceeds a defined counterbalance and lifting threshold capability. The curtain

coils up around the barrel. Air Infiltration: The leakage or passage of

air through a door system Barrel Ring: Stamping or casting,

attached to Approved: Acceptable to the Authority counterbalance pipe or Having Jurisdiction. barrel, which is used to

increase the curtain wrap Astragal: Neoprene or vinyl diameter and which is weatherstripping added to attached to the curtain top the bottom bar to seal slat. opening along the floor or 108

plate. Each bracket is Bar Stop: See Wind Bar. generally supported by the wall angle of the guide Base Plate: Optional steel plate assembly. mounted on the floor to distribute weight from a Brush Seals: Term used to refer framing system supporting generically to the use of the door. brush filament material either in use as a weather- Bellmouth: Flared upper portion of seal or when used as guides to ease entry of smoke seals for smoke curtain into the guides. and fire doors.

Between Jamb Mounted: Brush Weatherstripping: Type of mounting where Weatherstripping for use the guides are positioned on all configurations of between the mounting doors to close the gaps at surfaces and not on the jambs and header. Brush face (interior or exterior) of material can be UL listed the wall. Guides are for "fire door" use. generally "packed out" mounted to the inside of Cable Sensor Edge: jamb and hood below An edge that uses two lintel. Clear opening size cables inside a standard will be reduced and may neoprene loop astragal. require "fascia" to close off Upon connection with back of hood. motor operator, a sensing field is established Bottom Bar: A reinforcing member at between the two cables. the bottom of a curtain; Any disturbance to this generally either two angles field causes the motor and back-to-back forming an door to stop and reverse inverted "tee.” Serves to (or stop). add lateral strength to door, to add weight to help Ceiling: Top horizontal surface in curtain close, to act as an the interior of a garage or obstacle to stop door when other building. fully open, as a stop plate, and to hold weather- Chain Hoist: A mechanical device to stripping. assist in raising and lowering the door by use Brackets: End supporting plates for of hand chain. the barrel counterbalancing Charge Pin: A metal pin used to lock assembly. One plate is tension wheel after proper the drive (chain hoist, spring tension is applied. crank or motor side) plate, the other is the tension Charge Wheel: See Tension Wheel (spring adjusting side)

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Closed Position: A position of the door Detectors: A device suitable for curtain with the underside connection to a circuit that of the bottom bar, has a sensor that including an astragal or responds to a physical sensing edge, if provided, stimulus such as heat or in contact with the sill smoke. along the entire width of the opening. Double Throw Lock: Center locking device that Closing Device: A means of closing a door throws a locking bar into from the partially or fully both guides, mounted on opened position. bottom bar.

Counterbalance Assembly: Drive Gear: Large gear for chain- or A system of springs or crank-operated units. It is weights to provide the directly fastened to the amount of force needed to door shaft on the drive raise the door and side bracket. maintain it in the open position. Drive Plug Assembly: See Plug End.

Crush Plates: Continuous steel-bearing Drive Shaft: The shaft in the barrel that plates provided where is securely attached to the doors are mounted on barrel, through welding or concrete masonry wall pinning. When this shaft units with hollow cells to rotates the barrel should accommodate through- also rotate. wall bolts to prevent crushing of the hollow Door Frame: The frame into which the concrete masonry unit. door fits; consists of two door jambs and a door Curtain: The part of the door that header actually rolls up and down, or slides side to side. It is Door Header: The upper part of a door manufactured of slats, frame, consisting of the endlocks, and/or head jamb, head casing, windlocks. stop and trim molding

Cycle: An action on the door from Door Jamb: The upright framing on the fully closed position, to each side of the door the fully open position, and opening returned to the fully closed position. Door Opening: Dimensions taken between the face of walls Cylinder Lock: Key-operated locking or jambs and from the floor device located on the to the header. bottom bar.

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Door Size: Door dimensions a fire alarm or detection characterized by the width system. If power fails, the first and the height second device also releases. There are a variety of Drive Chain: A chain that connects to types and manufacturers. the final drive mechanism Most have a time delay before release to prevent Drive Plug Assembly: See Plug End. nuisance releases.

Drive Shaft: The shaft in the barrel that Emergency Electric Operation is securely attached to the Any rolling door with a barrel through welding or motor operator and an pinning. When this shaft Uninterruptible Power rotates the barrel should Supply (UPS) capable of also rotate. opening and closing the door several times while Dropout: Weighted mechanical facility line power is off. device for disengaging gearing or motor operator Endlocks Steel stamping or for rolling fire doors. Also malleable iron castings used to activate closing which are riveted to curtain device and to actuate slat ends to prevent slats governor in case of fire. from shifting laterally, and to provide curtain wearing Drop Test: Test performed on a fire surface in guides. door to ensure proper “Alternate endlocks” are at operation during both ends of every other emergency. Testing is slat, commonly for service required to be performed and rolling fire doors. annually (see NFPA 80). “Continuous endlocks” are at both ends of every slat. "E" Guides Common expression for the shape that guides form End Plates See Brackets. when they are mounted to steel jamb supports or Entrapment The condition when an frames. object is caught or held in a position that increases Electric Operator An electrically powered the risk of injury device to assist the opening and closing of a Entrapment Protection Device door. Any device intended to prevent persons from Electric Sensor Edge becoming entrapped by a See Sensing Edge. door system.

Electromechanical Release Exterior Hood Hood construction with a A device which holds the flat flange at the top of auto close device until it is hood to accept field released by a signal from caulking.

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exposure to which a fire Exterior Mounted Condition where door is door assembly or fire mounted on exterior window assembly was surface exposed to exposed and for which it weather and wind load. successfully met all Usually requires "exterior acceptance criteria as hood” and "gear covers". determined in accordance with NFPA 252, Standard External Entrapment Protection Device Methods of Fire Tests of A device located outside Door Assemblies, or NFPA the door operator, 257, Standard for Fire intended to prevent Tests of Window persons from becoming Assemblies, respectively. entrapped by the door. Fire Resistance Rating Face of Wall Door mounting condition The time, in minutes or where guides mount hours, that materials or directly to wall, and side assemblies have withstood clearance is allowed for a fire exposure as tension wheel and drive established in accordance mechanism. with the test procedures of NFPA 251, Standard Fascia Metal closure for back of Methods of Tests of Fire door housing. Required Endurance of Building when there is only a partial Construction and or no header in place and Materials. back of door coil is exposed. Required when Fire Shutter A labeled door assembly the wall above header is used for the protection of a not full thickness of jamb window opening in an (prefab building). exterior wall.

Fire Door A door that has a fire Flame Baffle A hinged piece of sheet protection rating and will metal within the hood that, close to the floor when released, closes the automatically in case of space between the top of fire. the curtain and the hood of a rolling door. Fire Door Assembly Any combination of a fire Fuse Link Housing door, a frame, hardware, Box in which fusible links and other accessories that are sometimes furnished together provide a specific when rolling fire doors are degree of fire protection to mounted above ceiling to the opening. provide a finished exposure area in ceiling Fire Protection Rating for link. The designation indicating the duration of the fire test

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Fusible Link Two metallic pieces that Header Seal Weather-stripping are joined together by a mounted to opening low temperature alloy. header to seal the opening When the ambient between header and temperature exceeds that curtain, sometimes used of the alloy the connection where hood baffle is melts and the pieces ineffective. separate. These are used to release holding chains Headplates See Brackets. or cables that maintain a mechanical fire door Headroom Amount of clear release system. The most unobstructed space above common temperature for a the door lintel or header. fire door is 165°F. Helical A term referring to the Gear Cover Metal cover protecting the spiral shape of torsion drive mechanism from spring coils used in the weather and debris. spring counterbalance.

Governor Device on rolling fire door High Cycle Spring Counterbalance springs drive brackets to control with increased cycle life rate of descent of rolling capability for high usage fire door when released in doors the event of fire. Hood Metal cover that conceals Guide Assembly Consists of two or more the door coil and is angles or a roll-formed attached and supported by channel to create a groove headplates and in which the rolling curtain intermediate hood moves up and down. supports (if required).

Guide Standout The distance that face- Housing See Hood. mounted guide assembly extends from wall face. Inch-Pounds English unit of measurement of torque Gussets See Brackets. applied to a shaft.

Half Slat Modified bottom slat used Initial Charge See Initial Turns. to attach bottom bar angle(s) to bottom of Initial Tension See Initial Turns. curtain. Initial Turns Amount of turns of the Hand of Operation The side on which the tension shaft to apply door operation mechanism spring tension from zero is placed, as viewed from with the door in the fully the coil side of the door. It open position. These is either a RH or LH turns provide the minimum operation. moment or force to hold door in the open position

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and/or establish the intended spring tension for Jamb Load Force exerted on jamb by underbalanced fire doors. guide assembly when curtain is subjected to Inset See Setback. wind load.

Installation Placing a door in position Key A square piece of steel for use that slides into a key way to prevent the spinning on Installer Technician placing the one object to another door and access system in position for use Key Switch Control Use of key to actuate a Insulated Door Door system that includes door operator in place of a door sections containing push-button or transmitter an insulating material Key Way A groove, milled into an Insulation Material having the ability object, which when used to reduce heat or cold with a key will prevent an transmission. object from spinning on another subject Interlock, External An electrical switch to prevent motor operation if Keyed Shaft A shaft that has a built-in locking device is not first key disengaged. Keyed-Alike Two or more lock cylinders Intermediate Hood Support of the same series A rigid member which is contoured to the shape of K-Value Laboratory-determined the hood and mounted to value of thermal the wall, between the conductance of a material; headplates. The hood is not normally used in then attached to the conjunction with thermal support to give the hood transmittance through rigidity. garage doors

IPPT Acronym for Inch-Pounds Labeled Door The largest size of a fire Per Turn; torque rate of a door or fire shutter spring, indicating the assembly fire proven by number of inch-pounds of test to meet a specific fire torque delivered to a shaft rating. for each turn the spring is wound Labeled Equipment, materials or services included in a list Jamb The vertical member that published by an frames the side of an organization that is opening in the wall. acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction and Jamb Angle See Wall Angle. concerned with evaluation

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of products or services, OSHA safety that maintains periodic requirements. inspection of production of listed equipment or NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code materials or periodic Code deals with the evaluation of services, and application, installation, whose listing states that performance, and either the equipment, maintenance of fire alarm material, or service meets systems and their identified standards or has components. been tested and found suitable for a specified NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Door and Fire purpose. Windows Regulates the installation Lift Handle A handle supplied on and maintenance of manual push-up doors, to assemblies and devices assist in raising and used to protect openings lowering the door. in walls, floors, and ceilings against the spread Lintel A beam provided over an of fire and smoke within, opening to carry wall or into, or out of buildings. roof loads over an opening. Offset Dimension between face of header or jamb and Magnetic Release Device connected to a center line of curtain. smoke detector or alarm Required to reduce drag of system, that on either an curtain on bellmouth of interruption of electrical guides when curtain is in a power or applied signal will lowered position. release the automatic closing device of a fire Opening Height The distance from the floor door or fire shutter. to the top of the door opening Manual Override Means of operating a motorized door by manual Opening Width The distance between operation in case of power jambs of the door opening loss. Operator A device used to control Master Keying Arrangement whereby the up and down motion of cylinder locks, although the door fitted with different keyed cylinders can be opened Oversized Door A fire door or fire shutter or locked by means of one assembly that is larger "master" key. than a labeled door size, that receives a label or a Motor Cover Metal cover to protect the Certificate of Inspection motor from exterior implying that the door weather, debris, or to meet conforms to fire protection construction requirements.

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Packout Guide build-out to clear an Rolling Steel Fire Door obstruction or provide A fire door assembly clearance for drive or consisting of a curtain, tension mechanism when bottom bar, barrel, guides, door is between-jamb brackets, hood and an mounted. automatic closing device.

Pass Door Hollow-metal pedestrian S-Hook A type of hook used to door integrated into the connect a cable to a pulley rolling door, the frame of assembly. which is hinged at the jamb, so door frame Security Chain Box swings out of the opening. Metal enclosure that encloses hand chain in a Photoelectric A sensor that consists of a steel pad-lockable light-emitting device and a assembly attached to door light-receiving device. If guide. the beam of light is blocked by an obstruction, Sensing Edge A device mounted on the the sensor signals the bottom bar of an operator to stop and electrically-operated door reverse. to stop or stop-and- reverse the closing door Pipe Shaft See Barrel Assembly. upon contact with an obstruction in the door Plug End Drive end of barrel opening. assembly driven by gear or sprocket for which the Sensing Edge, Electric curtain is raised and An electrical bottom bar lowered. Consists of astragal enclosed with two assembly of short solid parallel foils. When shaft and one or more closing door bottom bar round plates welded to the touches an obstruction, shaft and pipe which fit the foils close an electric within the pipe. circuit to cause the operator to stop or stop- Power-Operated Fire Doors and-reverse the door. Doors that normally are opened and closed Sensing Edge, Infrared Type electronically, Bottom bar astragal pneumatically, or enclosing a tube with an mechanically. infrared transmitter at one end and a detector at the Pre-turns See Initial Turns other end. When IR source is obstructed the R-Value Thermal resistance value; operator will stop or stop- inverse of U-Value. and-reverse the door.

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Sensing Edge, Pneumatic Slide Bolt Locking device on bottom An air hose installed inside bar which slides into guide the bottom bar astragal or guide shoe and is and connected to a equipped for padlocking. diaphragm switch, to Mounted either inside, signal the motor operator outside or both sides of to stop or stop-and- the door. reverse the door. Sloped Bottom Bar Service Counter Fire Door Tapered bottom bar to A labeled fire door match sloped sill of assembly used for the opening. Accomplished by protection of openings in inserting a tapered plate walls where the primary between bottom bar purpose of the opening is angles. This tapered plate for non-pedestrian use, will hang into opening on such as counter service for low side unless door food, a pharmaceutical height is increased and dispensary, package and coil raised to have sloped baggage transfer, or bar clear opening when observation points. door is open.

Setback A standard space where Smoke Detector A device that senses the guide is recessed from visible or invisible particles edge of the jamb at both of combustion and/or heat. sides of opening on a face of wall-mounted door. Smoke Gasketing Brush seal used on fire doors or fire shutters to Shutter A labeled door assembly reduce the passage of that is used for the smoke and gases. protection of a window opening in an exterior wall. Sound Transmission Class An integer rating of how Sideroom Required unobstructed well a building partition space on either side of the attenuates airborne sound. opening. Spot-Type Detector Sill The bottom part of an A device with a detecting opening onto which the element concentrated at a door curtain and bottom particular location. Typical bar come to rest when in examples are bimetallic the closed position. detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain Slat Cold rolled member of pneumatic rate of rise door curtain. Slats are detectors, certain smoke formed so as to interlock detectors, and and form a water-shedding thermoelectric detectors. surface.

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Spring Anchor A component in a Tension Wheel Casting or stamped steel counterbalance assembly, assembly, either pinned or that holds a spring in place keyed to the spring inner while it is under tension. shaft, with which the counterbalancing springs Spring Counterbalance are initially tensioned or See Barrel Assembly. adjusted and is used in conjunction with a locking Spring Cycle Life Spring counterbalance is pawl or pin to lock designed for a fixed adjustment. number of cycles. Thru-Wall Fusible Link Spring Release Device (Sliding Door, Extending a fuse linkage Vertical, Horizontal; Rolling Steel Door) to the opposite side of an A device that, when opening, with respect to activated, releases part of the side the door is the spring mounted on. Required per counterbalancing force NFPA 80 for all non- and causes the door to exterior wall mounted close. doors.

Stand-out The distance that guide Thru-Wall Operation assembly extends out from A door driven by means of the wall on face-of-wall a hand chain, crank or mounted doors. motor operator located on the opposite side of the Starter, Fire Door A mechanical device to wall. start the closing of door in the event of a fire and to Thumb Turn Mortise Cylinder do it independently of the Locking device, much like hand chain, crank or motor a cylinder lock but does operator normally used to not require a key to lock or close door. unlock.

Starter Slats Partial slats used to Torque The twisting force exerted connect curtain to barrel by the spring or motor rings. Torsion Spring A helical wound spring, STC See Sound Transmission commonly mounted inside Class. a steel pipe, used to counterbalance curtain. Stops Bars mounted at top of guides to prevent bottom Tubular Operator A cylindrical operator that bar from traveling out of mounts directly into the the guides when the pipe and electrically drives curtain is fully raised. the barrel assembly.

Tapered Bottom Bar U.L. Underwriters Laboratories, See Sloped Bottom Bar. a non-profit, non-

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government organization Wicket Door See Pass Door. that develops safety standards for devices, Wind Bar Channel or bar welded systems and materials, inside guide groove which and labels and lists engage windlocks under various products. The wind load. organization also operates laboratories for product Windlocks Malleable iron castings testing riveted at predetermined intervals to slat ends to U – Value Thermal transmission prevent curtain from coefficient which, is a leaving guides under wind measurement of heat, in load, and which are used BTU’s, transmitted through in conjunction with wind out square foot of material bars in guides which (the door) in one hour at a windlocks engage under temperature difference of wind load. 1 degree from one side to the other Working Turns The additional winding of the springs as the barrel Vision Lite A single cut-out of a slat rotates and the curtain glazed with fire-rated closes. glass.

Wall Angle An angle of the guide assembly which attaches to the face of wall and supports the load of the door assembly.

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Section Eleven DASMA Standards and Technical Data Sheets Available Online • Standard for Garage Door Operator and Gate Operator Terminology (DASMA 302) Door and Access Systems Manufacturers • Performance Criteria for Accessible Association (DASMA) has produced many Communications Entry Systems (DASMA publications which can aid with both 303) understanding the requirements of the product being installed and dealing with various common situations which arise in the field. DASMA Technical Data Sheets – These and other Standards and Technical Operator & Electronics Data Sheets relative to Rolling Doors,

Operators, and Electronics can be found at • Door and Gate Operator Terminology DASMA’s website www.dasma.com in the Publications Section. A certified technician (TDS #350) should be familiar with the documents listed • Loop Systems and Depth in Road below and their content. Pavements (TDS #354) • Access Controlled Egress Doors (TDS

DASMA Standards #355) • Vehicular Commercial Door and Gate • Test method for Thermal Transmittance Operators, and OSHS Requirements and Air Infiltration of Garage Doors (TDS #358) (ANSI/DASMA 105) • Gate Operators, Commercial Door • Room Fire Test Standard for Garage Operators, and NEC Provisions (TDS Doors Using Foam Plastic Insulation #359) (ANSI/DASMA 107) • Standard Method for Testing Sectional • Garage Doors Operated in Tandem (TDS Garage Doors and Rolling Doors: #361) Determination of Structural Performance • Garage Door Operator Pre-Wiring Under Uniform Static Air Pressure Diagram (TDS #362) Difference (ANSI/DASMA 108) • Installation Height of Photoelectric • Standard Method for Testing Sectional Sensors (TDS #364) Garage Doors and Rolling Doors: • Sensing Edges (TDS #368) Determination of Structural Performance • Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Under Missile Impact and Cyclic Wind Automated Garage Door Systems (TDS Pressure (ANSI/DASMA 115) #369) • Standard for Non-Fire Rated Rolling Door Assemblies (ANSI/DASMA 203) • Motor Operated Commercial Sectional Doors and Rolling Doors Electrical • Standard for Fire Rated Rolling Door Service Installation Recommendations Assemblies (ANSI/DASMA #204) (TDS #375) • Standard for Rolling Grilles (DASMA 208) • Rolling Doors Operated by Roller Chains (TDS #381) 120

DASMA Technical Data Sheets – • Recommended Rolling Door Rolling Doors Maintenance Practices for Building Maintenance Supervisors (TDS #270) • Residential and Commercial Wind Load • Rolling Steel Fire Doors Drop Testing and Guides (TDS #155) Annual Follow-Up (TDS #271) • Architects and Designers Should • Rolling Door Counterbalancing (TDS Understand Loads Exerted by Overhead #272) Coiling Doors (TDS #251) • Rolling Steel Fire Doors Mounted on Steel • Test Rolling Fire Doors in the Fully Open Tubes, Set Against Face of Fire-Rated Position ONLY (TDS #252) Walls, Bolted Guides (TDS #273) • Rolling Fire Doors: Installation of Hoods • Rolling Door Paint Wear (TDS #274) and Covers (TDS #253) • Procedure for Repair of Factory Mutual • Guidelines for Installation of Rolling Steel (FM) Approved Rolling Steel Type Fire Fire Door Release Assembly (TDS #254) Doors (TDS #275) • Guidelines for Fusible Links (TDS #255) • Rolling Door “Red Zone” for Installations • Procedure for Repair of UL Classified and Service (TDS #276) Rolling Steel Type Fire Doors (TDS #257) • Metal coiling Slat Door Terminology (TDS • Rolling Steel Fire Doors: Release Options #277) (TDS #258) • Rolling Steel Fire Doors and Balanced • Metal Rolling Type Door Jamb Fire Protection (TDS #278) Construction: Steel Reinforcement in • Rolling Door Operation Under Wind Load Masonry Walls (TDS #259) Conditions (TDS #279) • Common Rolling Door Installation • Rolling Door Wind Load Determination – Problems (TDS #260) Effective Wind Area (TDS #281) • Common Jamb Construction for Rolling Steel Fire Doors: Masonry Construction – • Rolling Doors and Hurricanes (TDS Bolted and Welded Guides (TDS #261) #282) • Common Jamb Construction for Rolling • Rolling Door Winding Bars (TDS #284) Steel Fire Doors: Non-Masonry • Relocating an Existing Rolling Steel Fire Construction – Bolted Guides (TDS #262) Door (TDS #285) • Common Jamb Construction for Rolling • Rolling Door Component Substitution Steel Counter Fire Doors: Masonry (TDS #287) Construction – Bolted Guides (TDS #263) • Special Considerations for Rolling Fire • Common Jamb Construction for Rolling Doors on Exterior Openings (TDS #288) Steel Counter Fire Doors: Non-Masonry • Protecting Rolling Steel Fire Doors from Construction – Bolted Guides (TDS #264) Vehicular Traffic Related Damage (TDS • Standard Rolling Door Architectural #290) Details (TDS #265) • Rolling Doors and High Wind Events • Rolling Steel Fire Door Protection for Fire (TDS #291) Wall Openings (TDS #266) • Vehicular Access Door Interface with • Rolling Door Labels (TDS #267) Building Framing (TDS #292) • Rolling Doors Operated by Roller Chains • Environmental Considerations for Exterior (TDS #268) Doors (TDS #294) • Rolling Door Performance Evaluation (TDS #269)

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To learn more about the Institute of Door Dealer Education and Accreditation, please visit the IDEA website: www.dooreducation.com

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