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1 Morphological Adaptation of the Eutherian Gastrointestinal Tract To Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 1 Supplementary Material Morphological adaptation of the Eutherian gastrointestinal tract to diet Peter Langer and Marcus Clauss Overview of the phylogeny used for analyses (FRITZ et al., 2009b) (Fig. S1-9). Original dataset used (Table S1) and statistical results for the various phylogenetic Eutherian groups investigated in this study (Tables S2-S17). Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 2 Rodentia tia den Ro Afrotheria Lagomorpha s e t Primates a m i r P Scandentia P i l o s a Xenarthra a l y t c a d o i t Cetartiodactyla r A Perissodactyla Eulipotyphla Chiroptera a r o v i n r a C Philodota Carnivora Figure S1 Overview over the general structure of the phylogenetic tree used in the present study Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 3 Loxodonta africana Elephas maximus Procavia capensis Heterohyrax brucei Dendrohyrax arboreus Trichechus manatus Dugong dugon Orycteropus afer Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Macroscelides proboscideus Elephantulus rufescens Elephantulus intufi Echinops telfairi Setifer setosus Tenrec ecaudatus Hemicentetes semispinosus Microgale talazaci Microgale dobsoni Chrysochloris stuhlmanni Dasypus novemcinctus Tolypeutes matacus Chaetophractus villosus Euphractus sexcinctus Myrmecophaga tridactyla Tamandua tetradactyla Bradypus variegatus Bradypus tridactylus Choloepus hoffmanni Choloepus didactylus Figure S2 The phylogeny used in the present study for Afrotheria and Xenarthra Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 4 Tupaia glis Galago zanzibaricus Galago demidoff Otolemur crassicaudatus Galago senegalensis Nycticebus coucang Loris tardigradus Perodicticus potto Lepilemur mustelinus Lemur catta Eulemur macaco Eulemur fulvus Daubentonia madagascariensis Indri indri Propithecus verreauxi Cheirogaleus medius Cheirogaleus major Microcebus murinus Tarsius tarsier Saimiri sciureus Cebus apella Cebus capucinus Saguinus labiatus Saguinus imperator Saguinus oedipus Saguinus midas Saguinus bicolor Leontopithecus rosalia Callithrix jacchus Callimico goeldii Aotus trivirgatus Aotus azarae Pithecia pithecia Lagothrix lagotricha Ateles paniscus Ateles geoffroyi Ateles fusciceps Ateles belzebuth Alouatta seniculus Alouatta palliata Alouatta caraya Symphalangus syndactylus Hylobates lar Pongo pygmaeus Pan troglodytes Gorilla gorilla Pygathrix nemaeus Trachypithecus obscurus Semnopithecus entellus Nasalis larvatus Colobus polykomos Macaca silenus Macaca fascicularis Macaca fuscata Macaca mulatta Theropithecus gelada Papio hamadryas Lophocebus albigena Mandrillus sphinx Mandrillus leucophaeus Miopithecus talapoin Erythrocebus patas Chlorocebus aethiops Cercopithecus neglectus Cercopithecus diana Cercopithecus mona Cercopithecus nictitans Cercopithecus mitis Cercopithecus ascanius Allenopithecus nigroviridis Figure S3 The phylogeny used in the present study for Scandentia and Primates Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 5 Ochotona pallasi Ochotona princeps Romerolagus diazi Oryctolagus cuniculus Lepus capensis Lepus europaeus Lepus timidus Lepus americanus Lepus californicus Sylvilagus audubonii Sylvilagus transitionalis Sylvilagus floridanus Sylvilagus brasiliensis Lagidium peruanum Chinchilla lanigera Lagostomus maximus Coendou prehensilis Erethizon dorsatum Cryptomys hottentotus Heterocephalus glaber Thryonomys swinderianus Atherurus africanus Hystrix indica Hystrix cristata Hystrix africaeaustralis Cuniculus paca Dolichotis patagonum Geocapromys ingrahami Capromys pilorides Proechimys guairae Myocastor coypus Dasyprocta leporina Dasyprocta punctata Myoprocta acouchy Galea musteloides Cavia aperea Cavia porcellus Kerodon rupestris Dinomys branickii Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Ctenomys talarum Octodon degus Figure S4 The phylogeny used in the present study for Lagomorpha and Hystricomorpha Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 6 Graphiurus murinus Muscardinus avellanarius Eliomys quercinus Callosciurus prevostii Glaucomys sabrinus Glaucomys volans Sciurus vulgaris Sciurus niger Sciurus carolinensis Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Paraxerus cepapi Funisciurus congicus Tamias cinereicollis Tamias quadrivittatus Tamias amoenus Tamias sibiricus Cynomys ludovicianus Spermophilus saturatus Spermophilus suslicus Spermophilus pygmaeus Spermophilus citellus Spermophilus beecheyi Spermophilus franklinii Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Spermophilus columbianus Marmota monax Marmota marmota Marmota bobak Aplodontia rufa Liomys pictus Dipodomys deserti Dipodomys nitratoides Dipodomys merriami Dipodomys californicus Dipodomys microps Dipodomys stephensi Dipodomys heermanni Dipodomys panamintinus Perognathus parvus Perognathus longimembris Castor fiber Castor canadensis Figure S5 The phylogeny used in the present study for Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 7 Mystromys albicaudatus Cannomys badius Saccostomus campestris Cricetomys gambianus Gerbilliscus leucogaster Gerbilliscus inclusus Gerbilliscus brantsii Tatera indica Pachyuromys duprasi Gerbillus pyramidum Gerbillus nanus Psammomys obesus Meriones persicus Meriones unguiculatus Meriones shawi Meriones libycus Meriones crassus Ondatra zibethicus Microtus subterraneus Microtus pinetorum Microtus ochrogaster Microtus oeconomus Microtus pennsylvanicus Microtus oregoni Microtus montanus Microtus californicus Microtus guentheri Microtus arvalis Microtus xanthognathus Microtus agrestis Synaptomys cooperi Myopus schisticolor Lemmus lemmus Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Chionomys nivalis Arvicola scherman Phenacomys intermedius Myodes glareolus Myodes gapperi Phodopus sungorus Mesocricetus brandti Mesocricetus auratus Cricetulus migratorius Cansumys canus Cricetus cricetus Neotoma fuscipes Neotoma cinerea Neotoma lepida Neotoma floridana Neotoma albigula Reithrodontomys montanus Reithrodontomys megalotis Reithrodontomys humulis Onychomys leucogaster Peromyscus truei Peromyscus polionotus Peromyscus megalops Peromyscus maniculatus Peromyscus leucopus Peromyscus eremicus Peromyscus difficilis Peromyscus crinitus Peromyscus californicus Scotinomys xerampelinus Scotinomys teguina Tylomys nudicaudus Sigmodon ochrognathus Sigmodon hispidus Zygodontomys brevicauda Oxymycterus rufus Oryzomys palustris Oligoryzomys nigripes Akodon molinae Akodon azarae Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus Rattus lutreolus Rattus fuscipes Myotomys sloggetti Otomys irroratus Mus triton Mus musculus Micromys minutus Mastomys natalensis Lemniscomys striatus Hydromys chrysogaster Apodemus sylvaticus Aethomys chrysophilus Lophuromys sikapusi Jaculus jaculus Figure S6 The phylogeny used in the present study for Myomorpha Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 8 Solenodon paradoxus Neomys fodiens Neomys anomalus Cryptotis parva Blarina brevicauda Sorex vagrans Sorex monticolus Sorex cinereus Sorex minutus Sorex araneus Suncus murinus Suncus etruscus Myosorex varius Crocidura russula Crocidura leucodon Crocidura hirta Crocidura fuscomurina Atelerix albiventris Erinaceus europaeus Talpa europaea Myotis sodalis Myotis nigricans Myotis nattereri Myotis myotis Myotis tricolor Myotis velifer Myotis lucifugus Myotis albescens Eptesicus fuscus Pipistrellus pipistrellus Pipistrellus nathusii Pipistrellus kuhlii Pipistrellus ceylonicus Corynorhinus townsendii Nyctophilus gouldi Lasiurus borealis Lasiurus cinereus Nyctalus noctula Vespadelus regulus Vespertilio murinus Antrozous pallidus Pipistrellus subflavus Nycticeius humeralis Lasionycteris noctivagans Miniopterus schreibersii Chaerephon pumilus Molossus molossus Tadarida aegyptiaca Glossophaga soricina Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Desmodus rotundus Noctilio albiventris Hipposideros commersoni Hipposideros caffer Hipposideros ater Rhinolophus landeri Rhinolophus euryale Rhinolophus megaphyllus Rhinolophus hipposideros Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Nycteris macrotis Nycteris thebaica Nycteris nana Megaderma spasma Megaderma lyra Lavia frons Rhinopoma hardwickii Saccopteryx leptura Saccopteryx bilineata Rhynchonycteris naso Pteropus giganteus Pteropus tonganus Epomophorus crypturus Epomophorus gambianus Micropteropus pusillus Rousettus aegyptiacus Eidolon helvum Cynopterus sphinx Figure S7 The phylogeny used in the present study for Eulipotyphla and Chiroptera Langer & Clauss: Eutherian diet niches and GI tract complexity 9 Manis tricuspis Manis temminckii Cryptoprocta ferox Fossa fossana Eupleres goudotii Nandinia binotata Arctictis binturong Civettictis civetta Genetta tigrina Genetta genetta Mungotictis decemlineata Galidia elegans Atilax paludinosus Galerella sanguinea Herpestes ichneumon Suricata suricatta Crossarchus obscurus Mungos mungo Helogale parvula Proteles cristata Hyaena brunnea Hyaena hyaena Crocuta crocuta Acinonyx jubatus Puma concolor Prionailurus viverrinus Prionailurus bengalensis Leptailurus serval Caracal caracal Felis chaus Felis silvestris Felis nigripes Leopardus wiedii Leopardus pardalis Leopardus tigrinus Lynx rufus Lynx lynx Lynx canadensis Neofelis nebulosa Uncia uncia Panthera tigris Panthera onca Panthera pardus Panthera leo Otocyon megalotis Urocyon cinereoargenteus Vulpes zerda Vulpes velox Vulpes lagopus Vulpes vulpes Vulpes rueppellii Nyctereutes procyonoides Speothos venaticus Lycaon pictus Cuon alpinus Chrysocyon brachyurus Canis mesomelas Canis aureus Canis adustus Canis latrans Canis lupus Ailuropoda melanoleuca Tremarctos ornatus Ursus americanus Melursus ursinus Helarctos malayanus Ursus thibetanus
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