Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Dundee Economic Profile
The Dundee Economic Profile is a statistical document designed to advise potential investors of the local Labour market in Dundee City. The document is further intended to advise economic strategy and public policy as to the current performance of Dundee City.
Contents
Dundee Business Areas Map
Economic Overview
Demographics
Population Projections
Dundee Business and Enterprise
Connectivity
Economic Activity
Employment
Unemployment
Out of Work Benefits
Income
Housing Market
City Centre
Enquiries relating to this publication can be directed to:
Policy and Funding Team City Development Department Dundee City Council Tel: 01382 434651
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Economic Overview
Dundee is a regional economic centre, with 325,766 people residing within a 30 minute drive time and 860,851 residing within a 1 hour drive time. More than 80% of Scotland’s population live within 2 hours drive time of Dundee City, encompassing the majority of Scotland’s major economic centres.
Between March 2014 and March 2015, the economic activity rate for Dundee City increased from 68.6 per cent to 71.4 per cent, representing a net increase of 2,300 working age people becoming economically active.
The economic activity rate for males in Dundee City increased from 72.8 per cent to 79.0 per cent between December 2014 and March 2015. The economic activity rate for females during the same period declined from 66.6 per cent to 64.2 per cent.
Between December 2014 and March 2015, the employment rate for Dundee City increased from 61.8 per cent to 64.9 per cent.
Between 2012 and 2014, the number of people employed within all market sectors of the Dundee City economy increased by approximately 2,200, from 71,400 in 2012 to 73,600 in 2014.
The availability of employment land in Dundee City between 2013/14 was higher than the Scottish national average and amongst the highest for any Local Authority area. The availability of employment land for Dundee City for 2013/14 was 75.8%, with the Scottish National Average at 17.7%.
Dundee has one of the highest student populations per capita of any city in Scotland, with 6.0 per cent of the city’s population in further education in March 2015. Dundee has a large graduate labour force, particularly in fields such as life sciences, medicine, engineering and computing.
Between December 2013 and December 2014, the number of full-time jobs in Dundee City increased by 2,900. During the same period, the number of part- time jobs declined by 4,000.
The number of people employed within the Business Administration and Support Services Sector increased by approximately 1,000 between 2012 and 2014, from 3,100 to 4,100. During the same period, there were approximately 600 more people employed within the Accommodation and Food Service Sector.
In 2014, Dundee city centre had a town centre vacancy rate of 5.9 per cent. This was the lowest rate of any Scottish city, with the national average at 10.3 per cent. This also represented a net annual reduction of 8.1 per cent from 2013, the highest reduction across any Scottish Local Authority.
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Demographics
Population Estimates: Dundee and Scotland (2014)
Population Estimates: Dundee and Scotland 2014 Males % Females % All People Dundee City 71,362 48.1 76,898 51.9 148,260 Scotland 2,596,384 48.6 2,751,216 51.4 5,347,600
Share of Working Age Population: Dundee and Scotland (2014)
Share of Working Age Population: Dundee and Scotland Mid-2014 Under % Aged % 65+ % Total 16 16-64 Dundee City 23,037 15.5 99,427 67.1 25,796 17.4 148,260 Scotland 911,282 17.0 3,467,929 64.9 968,389 18.1 5,347,600 (Source): GRO Mid-year Population Estimates 2014
As of 2014, Dundee City had a significantly larger percentage of the population aged 20-24 and 25-29 than the Scottish national average. The percentage of Dundee City’s population aged 20-24 in 2014 was 10.5 per cent, compared to the Scottish national average of 6.9 per cent. The percentage of Dundee City’s population aged 25-29 in 2014 was 8.6 per cent, compared to the Scottish national average of 6.7 per cent.
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Source: ONS Mid-year Population Estimates 2014
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Population Projections:
Dundee City Population Projections 2012- 2037
Source: NRS Population Projections for Scottish Areas
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Between 2012 and 2037, the population of Dundee City is projected rise 15.6 per cent and by 23,000, from 147,800 in 2012 to 170,800 in 2037.
It is projected that the percentage share of the Dundee City population aged 0-15 will increase from 2012 to 2037, from 16.0 per cent in 2012, to 17.5 per cent in 2037.
The percentage increase of Children aged 0-15 between 2012 and 2037 for Dundee City will be 26.0 per cent, compared to the Scottish national average which is projected to increase by 5.5 per cent within the same period.
The percentage increase of the Working Age population between 2012 and 2037 for Dundee City is projected to be 15.8 per cent, compared to the Scottish national average, which is projected to increase by 4.0 per cent within the same period.
The percentage increase of those of a Pensionable Age of 65 plus between 2012 and 2037 for Dundee City will be 6.1 per cent, compared to the Scottish national average over the same period, which is projected to increase by 26.7 per cent
It is projected that the percentage of the Dundee City population who are aged 65-74 and 75 plus will increase from 8.7 to 9.0 per cent and 8.3 to 10.4 per cent respectfully.
Although a projected increase is forecast in Dundee City of those of a Pensionable Age 65 plus, this figure the lowest percentage increase of all Scottish local authorities.
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Dundee Business and Enterprise
Number of registered enterprises in Dundee City and their total employment and turnover, March 2014 0-49 employees
Number of enterprises 3,035 Total employment 15,430 Turnover (£ millions) 1,090 50-249 employees
Number of enterprises 180 Total employment 7,970 Turnover (£ millions) 785 250+ employees
Number of enterprises 390 Total employment 26,980 Turnover (£ millions) 3,040 Total
Number of enterprises 3,610 Total employment 50,380 Turnover (£ millions) 4,916 Source: The Scottish Government. 2014. Business in Scotland.
Number of registered enterprises in Dundee City and their total employment and turnover by sector, March 2014 A, B, D, E Primary industries Number of enterprises 35 Total employment 400 Turnover (£ millions) 243 C Manufacturing Number of enterprises 210 Total employment 4,680 Turnover (£ millions) 976 F Construction Number of enterprises 380 Total employment 2,730 Turnover (£ millions) 281 G Wholesale, retail and repairs Number of enterprises 845 Total employment 12,550 Turnover (£ millions) 1,770 H Transport and storage Number of enterprises 85 Total employment 1,730 Turnover (£ millions) 131 I Accommodation and food service Number of enterprises 365 Total employment 4,460
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Turnover (£ millions) 164 J Information and communication Number of enterprises 190 Total employment 2,740 Turnover (£ millions) 355 K Financial and insurance activities Number of enterprises 75 Total employment 1,280 Turnover (£ millions) NA L Real estate activities Number of enterprises 145 Total employment 740 Turnover (£ millions) 73 M Professional, scientific and technical Number of enterprises 450 Total employment 2,840 Turnover (£ millions) 184 N Administrative and support service Number of enterprises 210 Total employment 2,720 Turnover (£ millions) 168 P, Q Education, human health and social Number of enterprises 275 Total employment 10,010 Turnover (£ millions) 289 R Arts, entertainment and recreation Number of enterprises 85 Total employment 2,000 Turnover (£ millions) 236 S Other service activities Number of enterprises 255 Total employment 1,520 Turnover (£ millions) 46 Total Number of enterprises 3,610 Total employment 50,380 Turnover (£ millions) 4,916 Source: The Scottish Government. 2014. Business in Scotland
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Dundee City sectors by No. of enterprise 2014 (%)
A, B, D, E Primary industries C Manufacturing 7.1 1.0 5.8 2.4 F Construction 10.5 7.6 G Wholesale, retail and repairs 5.8 H Transport and storage I Accomodation and food service J Information and communication 12.5 K Financial and insurance activities 23.4 4.0 L Real estate activities 2.1 2.4 M Professional scientific and technical 5.3 10.1 N Administrative and support service P, Q Education, human health and social R Arts, entertainment and recreation S Other service activities
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Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015.
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Employment by Occupation March 2015 (SOC 2010) Dundee City Dundee City (%) Scotland (%) 1. Managers, 4,100 6.3 8.8 Directors and Senior Officials 2. Professional 10,600 16.4 19.7 Occupations 3. Associate 7,000 10.8 13.0 Professional & Technical 4. Administrative 6,600 10.2 10.7 & Secretarial 5. Skilled Trades 7,500 11.5 11.3 Occupations 6. Caring, Leisure 7,300 11.3 9.8 and Other Service Occupations 7. Sales and 7,600 11.7 8.9 Customer Service Occupations 8. Process Plant & 4,500 6.9 6.1 Machine Operatives 9. Elementary 9,300 14.4 11.3 Occupations
In the year ending March 2015, Dundee City had less employees which fell within the broad occupational categorisations SOC 1-3 (Mangers, directors, senior officials; Professional occupations; Associate prof & tech occupations) than the Scottish national average, with 33.5 per cent of Dundee employees within categories 1-3, compared to 41.5 per cent of Scottish workers.
In March 2015, 23.0 per cent of the Dundee City workforce was employed within the SOC 2010 categories 6-7 (Caring, leisure and other service occupations; Sales and customer service), compared to the Scottish national average of 18.7 per cent.
Of Dundee City’s workforce in March 2015, 21.3 per cent of workers identified working within the SOC 2010 categories 8-9 (Process, plant, machinery; Elementary occupations), compared to the Scottish national average of 17.3 per cent.
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Connectivity
Dundee is a regional employment, education and retail centre. 325,766 persons reside within a 30 minute drive time of Dundee City Centre and 860,851 reside within a 1 hour drive time.
Male % Female % Total 30 Minute 156,996 48.2 168,770 51.8 325,766
60 Minute 416,684 48.4 444,167 51.6 860,851
Source: 2011 Census
213,728 working age persons (aged 16-64) reside within 30 minutes of Dundee City Centre and 555,809 reside within a 1 hour drive time.
30 Minute Drive 60 Minute Drive Aged 0-15 52,607 149,902 Aged 16-24 47,706 103,073 Aged 25-44 79,452 212,813 Aged 45-59 65,364 181,390 Aged 60-64 21,206 58,533 Aged 65+ 59,431 155,140 Total 325,766 860,851
Source: 2011 Census
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Dundee City is located centrally; being less than 100 miles from Scotland’s other main economic centres, including Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Glasgow.
51.6% of Scotland’s population lives within 60 minutes drive time of Dundee, with approximately 81% of Scotland’s population reside within 2 hours drive time of Dundee
The city’s central proximity makes it a hub of regional economic activity and national connectivity, occupying a strategically advantageous location for access throughout Scotland.
The city is ideally situated as a logistics hub, with excellent access to supply chains and as a transportation and distribution hub.
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Economic Activity
Economic Activity Rates in Dundee City and Scotland (Mar 2012- Mar 2015)
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey March 2015.
The Economic Activity rate is used to measure the percentage of working age people, aged 16-64, who are actively participating within the Labour Market, as measured by the Office for National Statistics Labour Force Survey. Economically active is defined by the International Labour Organisation as those in employment, plus those who are unemployed.
Between April 2014 and March 2015, approximately 69,100 people of the 96,800 total working age population of Dundee City were actively participating within the Labour Market. This represents a net annual increase in the number of working age people actively participating within the Labour Market of 2,300, from 68.6 per cent to 71.4 per cent.
Between January 2012 and December 2014, the Economic Activity rate for Dundee City peaked at 73.1 per cent in March 2012. The rate was at its lowest recorded level during the same period in March 2014, at 68.6 per cent.
Between January 2012 and December 2014, the Scottish national average Economic Activity rate was at its highest in March 2015, with a rate of the working age population participating in the Labour market at 77.8 per cent.
The percentage of the Scottish population of working age between 2012 and 2015 declined by 16,400. The working age population in Dundee City remained
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approximately constant during the same period, peaking in September 2013, before returning to the same working age population in 2012 by March 2015.
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015
The economic activity rate for males in Dundee City increased between December 2014 and March 2015, from 72.8 to 79.0 per cent. This represents the single largest percentage change within the two year period and a net quarterly increase of 2,900 more working age males economically active between December 2014 and March 2015.
The economic activity rate for females in Dundee City declined by 2.2 per cent between December 2014 and 2015, from 66.6 per cent in December 2014, to the lowest recorded level within the time series of 64.2 per cent in December 2015.
The average economic activity rate between March 2013 and March 2015 for Dundee City was 70.7 per cent. The average rate for males of 74.7 per cent and for 67.0 per cent for Females.
The Economic Activity rate of the population does not reflect direct comparisons between all Scottish local authority areas. The Economic Activity for Scottish Local Authorities is presented as a Residence-based rate rather than workplace based ratio. The rate is also not equivalent in terms of the proportion of those commuting to work, demographics, number of students and temporary or long term sick people within authority.
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The NUTS3 economic area designation is a measure used by the European Union to determine the Gross Value Added (GVA) to the macro economy, by the average contribution per capita of people living within the deliniated regions.
Angus and Dundee City had a Gross Value Added per capita rating of £16,739 contibuted per person toward the Scottish economy in 2012, based on the European Union NUTS3 geographic economic area designation.
The median GVA per NUTS3 economic area for all Scotland was £15,057 in 2012 was per capita.
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Economic Inactivity
Economically Inactive Population Aged 16-64 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)
Economic Inactivity (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)
Dundee City Dundee City Scotland (Level) (%) (%) Total 27,700 28.6 22.2 Student 8.900 32.2 26.3 Looking After Family/Home 6,900 24.8 21.0 Temporary Sick 1,500 5.4 2.4 Long-Term Sick 6,300 22.8 26.1 Discouraged ! ! ! Retired 2,800 10.1 15.8 Other 1,300 4.6 8.0 Wants A Job 6,600 23.9 23.8 Does Not Want A Job 21,000 76.1 76.2 Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015. ! Estimate not available – sample size disclosive
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015
Dundee City has amongst the highest student population per capita of all Scottish cities, at 6.0 per cent of the population, which attributes to the higher levels of economic inactivity amongst these groups. Economically inactive students accounted for 8,900 of people within the Dundee City area in March 2015, comprising 32.2 per cent of the economically inactive population.
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Employment:
The mean employment rate for Dundee City from March 2013 to March 2015 was 62.6. The median Scottish national employment rate within the same period was 71.5. The employment rate is defined as the percentage of people aged 16-64 who are economically active and participating in the labour market.
Between December 2014 and March 2015, the Dundee City employment rate increased by 3.1 points, from 61.8 to 64.9. This increase was significantly larger than the Scottish national average, which increased by 0.3 within the same period and was the highest variable change within the previous two year period.
The Dundee City employment rate increased significantly in the annual period ending March 2015, from its lowest two year level of 59.2 in March, returning to level before the annual decline from March 2013 to March 2014.
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Dundee City Employment Trends 2011 – 2014
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey – Workplace Analysis
Between December 2011 and December 2014, the total number of jobs in Dundee City fell by approximately 4,200. Between December 2013 and December, the number of jobs in Dundee City declined by approximately 700.
In the period December 2013 and December 2014, the number of full-time jobs in Dundee City increased by 2,900. In the same period, the number of part-time jobs fell by approximately 4,000, demonstrating a significant change in the job market between the number of full-time and part-time jobs.
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Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015.
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Employment in Dundee by Industry Sector 2014
Dundee’s largest employment sectors in 2014 were Health, comprising 22.4 per cent of industry, Retail with 12.1 per cent of industry and Education with 11.2 per cent of all industry.
Industry Sector Employees Percentage
1 : Agriculture, forestry & fishing (A) 0 0 2 : Mining, quarrying & utilities (B,D and E) ! ! 3 : Manufacturing (C) 5,100 6.9 4 : Construction (F) 3,500 4.8 5 : Motor trades (Part G) 1,400 1.9 6 : Wholesale (Part G) 2,100 2.9 7 : Retail (Part G) 8,900 12.1 8 : Transport & storage (inc postal) (H) 1,900 2.6 9 : Accommodation & food services (I) 4,900 6.7 10 : Information & communication (J) 2,700 3.7 11 : Financial & insurance (K) 1,200 1.6 12 : Property (L) ! ! 13 : Professional, scientific & technical (M) 3,000 4.1 14 : Business administration & support services (N) 4,100 5.6 15 : Public administration & defence (O) 5,400 7.3 16 : Education (P) 8,200 11.1 17 : Health (Q) 16,500 22.4 18 : Arts, entertainment, recreation & other (R,S,T and U) 3,100 4.2 Total 73,600 100 Source: ONS Business Register and Employment Survey 2014 1. All figures have been rounded to the nearest 100. Therefor, individual figures do not sum to the total. 2. *Figures have been redacted in accordance with Data Protection compliance.
Between 2012 and 2014, employment within the Business Administration and Support Services sector in Dundee City increased by 1,000 jobs, from approximately 3,100 to 4,100 within the two year timeframe. This represents the most significant change within the Dundee Labour Market by 2014.
There were an additional 600 jobs within the Accommodation & Food Service sector in Dundee City between 2012 and 2014, following a sharp reduction in the number of jobs within this sector in 2013.
Between 2012 and 2014, the number of people employed within the Arts, entertainment, Recreation and Other Services sector fell by approximately 700, from 3,800 people employed in this sector in 2012 to 3,100 in 2014.
Between 2012 and 2014, the number of people employed within all market sectors in Dundee City increased by approximately 2,200, from 71,400 in 2012 to 73,600 in 2014.
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Source: ONS Business Register and Employment Survey 2014
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Job polarisation of the Labour Market is represented by a so called ‘hollowing-out’ of the centre or middle-skill level jobs, with a large polarisation taking place between higher designated occupations and lower level occupations. This classification can be made using the SOC 2010 industrial job classifications or by using the Median rate per occupation, with the above data representing the SOC 2010 classification (Official Government metric).
The above data for Dundee City demonstrates that despite the large increase in classification bracket 1. Managers, the trend data demonstrated a large decline in the scale of labour market polarisation, a trend not demonstrated nationally. This large percentage increase of 1. Managers, although significant within the bracket, represent a less than 4 per cent structural change within the Labour market and an approximate 1 per cent increase within the category between March 2012 and March 2015. This statistical variance is anomalous and may be accounted for by the large decrease from jobs classified 2. Professional occupations under the SOC 2010 classification.
The largest proportional change in the types of jobs in Dundee City between March 2012 and March 2015 occurred in so called mid-skilled level jobs, with SOC 2010 classification jobs 5. Skilled trade occupations evidencing the largest increase.
The largest percentage decrease took place within the SOC classification group 7. Sales and customer service occupations. This would indicate that regardless of the net percentage change in the total number of jobs in Dundee City, there has been a significant structural change towards higher skill level jobs. Labour Market polarisation in Dundee City appears to be in decline for the years 2012 to 2015, with the most significant changes taking place between March 2014 and March 2015.
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Source: ONS Business Register and Employment Survey 2014
Historically, Dundee City has had a large Public Sector, which has been consistently higher than the Scottish national average. In 2014, the Scottish Public Sector accounted for approximately 31 per cent of industry employment as a proportion of Public and Private Sector employment. The comparable figure for the Public Sector in Dundee City was 43 per cent as a proportion of Public and Private Sector industry.
The Public Sector within Dundee City in 2014 employed approximately 22,300 people, having declined by approximately 1,000 employees from the 2013. Between 2010 and 2014, Public Sector employment in Dundee City declined by approximately 3,700 from 26,000 employees in 2010.
Private Sector employment for Dundee City in 2014 was approximately 51,400, representing an increase in size of 2,900 employees from 2013. The Private Sector in Dundee City has expanded by approximately 4,100 employees from 47,300 employees in 2010 to 51,400 employees in 2014.
Between 2010 and 2014, the Private Sector in Dundee City has expanded by approximately 8 per cent, whilst the Public Sector has contracted by approximately 14 per cent.
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Economic Activity – Dundee City March 2014 - 2015 March 2014 March 2015 Persons % Persons % Economic activity rate – 66,800 68.6 69,100 71.4 aged 16-64 Employment rate – aged 57,700 59.2 62,800 64.9 16-64 aged 16-64 who are 53,400 54.8 57,900 59.9 employed Unemployment rate – 9,200 13.8 6,300 9.2 aged 16-64 Who are economically 30,600 31.4 27,700 28.6 inactive – aged 16-64 Economic activity rate 33,200 70.8 37,100 79.0 males – aged 16-64 Economic activity rate 33,700 66.6 32,000 64.2 females – aged 16-64 Unemployment rate males 5,200 15.7 5,100 13.6 – aged 16-64 Unemployment rate 4,000 11.8 1,300 4.0 females – aged 16-64 Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015.
Between March 2014 and March 2015, the unemployment rate for females in Dundee City fell by approximately 2,700 people, from 4,000 in March 2014 to 1,300 in March 2015. This represents a 7.8 percentage point decline, from 11.8 per cent of the female working age population in 2014 to 4.0 per cent in 2015.
The economic activity rate for males in Dundee City increased by approximately 3,900 more males active between March 2014 and 2015. From 33,200 in to 37,100. This represents a rate increase 8.2 per cent from 70.8 per cent of the male working age population n march 29014 to 79.0 per cent in March 2015.
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Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015.
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Unemployment
Source: ONS Model-based estimates of unemployment
Between March 2014 and March 2015, the Unemployment Rate for Dundee City fell from 11.6 to 8.6. This represents the most significant decline in the unemployment rate for Dundee City for any time predeceasing the 2008 global financial crisis. This represents a reduction of the number of people unemployed from 7,800 in March 2014, to 6,100 in March 2015.
Between March 2014 and March 2015, the number of unemployed people in Dundee City fell by 22 per cent. During the same time period the number of unemployed people in Scotland fell by 15 per cent.
The unemployment rate is calculated by the dividing the levels of unemployed people for those aged 16 and over by the total number of economically active people.
The UK government’s preferred measure of unemployment is the ILO Unemployment Rate. This is an internationally comparable measure based on information gathered from the UK wide Labour Force Survey. The official definition of the ILO Unemployment is people who do not have a job but have actively sought for work within the last four weeks and are also available to start work within the next two weeks.
At sub-region level however, the survey based ILO Rate lacks statistical robustness and therefore unemployment is measured via proxy variables, including the claimant count (those claiming Job Seekers Allowance). This is
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also invalid for assessing real levels of unemployment and the JSA Claimant is not longer recognised as a national statistic. Model-based estimates for the real levels of unemployment are often far in excess of the ILO Unemployment Rate, with figures being further distorted in regions of weak regional economic growth. It is advisable to use the ILO Unemployment Levels as the least possible level of unemployment within given geographical areas.
The complexity of social security, including reform to Universal Credit, mean that this measure does not capture the totality of joblessness nevertheless it provides an indicator for local labour market trends. The geographical component of weak regional labour markets and the distortive affect that this causes means that the claimant count is not recognised as an adept measure of unemployment and is no longer recognised as a national statistic.
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Source: ONS Annual Population Survey, March 2015. *Rates as a percentage of population aged 16-64.
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Long-term Unemployment Concentrations: Dundee City, February 2015 Area: Long-term Unemployed Residence: Lochee 155 Stobswell 155 City Centre 125 Ardler and St Marys 115 The Glens 105 Docks and Wellgate 100 Hilltown 100 Linlathen and Midcraigie 100 Whitfield 100 Douglas West 95 Charleston 85 Menzieshill 85 Fintry 70 Logie and Blackness 70 Douglas East 65 Kirkton 65 Caird Park 45 Perth Road 40 Downfield 35 Law 35 Craigie and Craigiebank 30 Fairmuir 30 Westend 25 Barnhill 20 West Pitkerro 20 Balgay 15 Baxter Park 15 Broughty Ferry East 15 Broughty Ferry Wes 15 Western Edge 10 West Ferry 5 Median Long-term Unemployment 63 Source: ONS DWP Benefits Data, February 2015.
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Out of Work Benefits
Source: ONS Jobseeker’s Allowance with rates and proportions, August 2015
Source: ONS Jobseeker’s Allowance with rates and proportions, August 2015
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All Claimants of Jobseeker’s Allowance August 2014 – August 2015
Males Rate Females Rate Persons Rate August 2014 Dundee City 2,796 5.8 1,262 2.5 4,058 4.1 Scotland 61,722 3.6 32,318 1.8 94,040 2.7 August 2015 Dundee City 2,405 5.0 1,071 2.1 3,476 3.5 Scotland 48,056 2.8 24,747 1.4 72,803 2.1 Source: ONS Jobseeker’s Allowance with rates and proportions, August 2015.
Long-term Claimants of JSA August 2014 – August 2015
Long-term Claimants of JSA August 2014 –2015
Males % Females % Persons % August 2014 Dundee City 1,190 21.4 420 16.9 1,615 20.0 Scotland 20,400 16.6 8,910 13.9 29,310 15.7 August 2015 Dundee City 850 17.9 295 13.7 1,145 16.6 Scotland 15,090 15.8 6,190 12.6 21,285 14.7 Source: ONS JSA Claimant Count. Data rounded to nearest 5 (disclosure control). *Long-term classification of a period exceeding 12 months (25 and over), exceeding 6 months (24 and under). *% expressed as proportion of JSA recipient total for client group.
Youth Claimants of JSA August 2014 – August 2015
Youth Claimants of JSA (Aged 24 and under) August 2014 – August 2015
Male % Female % Persons % Apr-14 Dundee City 740 26.5 355 28.3 1,095 27.0 Scotland 15,955 25.9 8,660 26.9 24,610 26.2 Apr-15 Dundee City 605 25.5 320 30.0 925 26.9 Scotland 10,345 21.6 5,500 22.3 15,850 21.8 Source: ONS JSA Claimant Count. Data rounded to nearest 5 (disclosure control). *Long-term classification of a period exceeding 6 months. *% expressed as proportion of JSA recipient total for client group.
Although long-term and youth claimant rates for Jobseeker’s Allowance benefit declined in Dundee City the year ending August, the number of clients within both categories remained proportionally higher than the Scottish national average.
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Source: NOMIS JSA Claimant Count
Source: ONS JSA Claimant Count, August 2015
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Jobseekers Allowance Sanction Rate – Dundee City 2014-2015
Sanctions Claimant Count Sanction Rate Jan-14 668 4,598 14.5% Feb-14 668 4,654 14.4% Mar-14 603 4,514 13.4% Apr-14 533 4,328 12.3% May-14 637 4,179 15.2% Jun-14 598 4,314 13.9% Jul-14 424 4,187 10.1% Aug-14 383 4,058 9.4% Sep-14 393 3,671 10.7% Oct-14 364 3,504 10.4% Nov-14 428 3,375 12.7% Dec-14 329 3,397 9.7% Jan-15 266 3,531 7.5% Feb-15 201 3,644 5.5% Mar-15 250 3,474 7.2%
Total JSA Sanctions 6,745 Average Claimant Count (month) 3,962 Average Sanction Rate (month) 11.1% Source: DWP Stat-Xplore
The number of JSA sanctions for Dundee City JSA recipients peaked in May 2014, with 637 and 15.2 per cent of 4,514 JSA recipients receiving a sanction. The highest number of sanctions applied by Jobcentres in Dundee City occurred in January and February respectively, with 668 JSA sanctions being applied in each month individually. These figures were substantively higher than the United Kingdom average, which was a sanction rate of 5.1% in 2014.
Adverse JSA Sanctions are the result of a sanction decision being upheld despite appeal. Non-adverse sanction decisions result in the original decision being over turned and the claimant being reimbursed, which occurs in approximately 50 per cent of appeals. It is calculated that those who receive a JSA sanction will receive approximately 1.89 per claimant; the comparative figure for ESA sanctions 1.62 (Tinson, A. 2015. The rise of sanctioning in Great Britain).
Regardless if the claimant is paid in arrears in terms of a sanction decision being overturned by DWP tribunals panels, under the post 2012 sanction regime, at a minimum of 4 weeks cessation of benefits, the effect of punishing the recipient with no social security and forcing the claimant into extreme temporal poverty has already occurred. This is the purposeful active labour market policy of JSA sanctioning, so the effect of the sanction is as detrimental to the claimant, so it is therefor universally accepted by experts and practitioners within labour market economics that it is not appropriate to only include adverse JSA sanction decisions which have been upheld to the accumulative sanction rate.
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DWP Benefit Recipients: Dundee City – February 2015 (Residence-based)
Number Rate Working-age Client Group
Any benefits 17,910 18.1 Aged under 25 2,450 2.5 Aged 25-34 3,450 3.5 Aged 35-44 3,440 3.5 Aged 45-54 4,500 4.5 Aged 55-59 2,310 2.3 Aged 60-64 1,750 1.8 Carers Allowance (CA) only 880 0.9 Disability Living Allowance (DLA) only 1,200 1.2 Incapacity Benefit (IB) or Employment Support 4,480 4.5 Allowance (ESA) only Income Support (IS)/Pension Credit (PC) only 1,260 1.3 Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) only 3,320 3.4 Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA) only - - Widows Benefit (WB) only 50 0.0 DLA and SDA 70 0.1 IB/ESA and DLA 4,370 4.4 IS/PC and CA 920 0.9 IS/PC and IB/SDA 90 0.1 IS/PC, DLA and SDA 360 0.4 IS/PC, IB and DLA 70 0.1 Other combinations 830 0.8 Source: ONS DWP Benefits Data, February 2015.
39 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Area-based Benefit Recipient Concentrations (Working age clients for small areas) – Dundee City, February 2015
2003 CAS ward Total Claimants Job Seekers ESA & IB Lone Parents Disabled Age 16-24 number rate number rate number rate number rate number rate number rate Pitkerro 1,250 35.7 200 5.7 665 19.0 125 3.6 80 2.3 160 4.6 Stobswell 915 30.2 190 6.3 540 17.9 55 1.8 45 1.5 115 3.8 Camperdown 950 28.9 210 6.4 475 14.5 105 3.2 55 1.7 145 4.4 Lochee West 750 28.3 185 7.0 390 14.7 50 1.9 40 1.5 135 5.1 Douglas 930 27.9 175 5.2 485 14.5 100 3.0 55 1.6 135 4.0 Longhaugh 995 26.9 180 4.9 470 12.7 120 3.2 75 2.0 155 4.2 Ardler 595 26.8 100 4.5 325 14.6 45 2.0 40 1.8 70 3.2 East Port 855 25.7 205 6.2 480 14.4 50 1.5 40 1.2 120 3.6 Fairmuir 715 25.4 115 4.1 435 15.5 50 1.8 40 1.4 75 2.7 Bowbridge 760 25.3 165 5.5 420 14.0 50 1.7 40 1.3 85 2.8 Lochee East 635 23.4 120 4.4 360 13.3 35 1.3 45 1.7 80 2.9 Whitfield 525 22.0 90 3.8 265 11.1 55 2.3 55 2.3 85 3.6 Balgowan 755 21.6 140 4.0 350 10.0 80 2.3 60 1.7 130 3.7 Hilltown 790 21.3 195 5.2 430 11.6 55 1.5 35 0.9 130 3.5 Law 745 20.7 145 4.0 450 12.5 40 1.1 40 1.1 95 2.6 Craigiebank 465 19.7 65 2.8 265 11.2 30 1.3 25 1.1 55 2.3 Ninewells 585 17.7 135 4.1 330 10.0 50 1.5 30 0.9 95 2.9 Brackens 630 17.4 120 3.3 310 8.6 70 1.9 40 1.1 100 2.8 Claverhouse 505 15.9 80 2.5 260 8.2 35 1.1 55 1.7 80 2.5 Logie 495 15.9 110 3.5 295 9.5 15 0.5 25 0.8 55 1.8 Baxter Park 510 15.6 140 4.3 255 7.8 30 0.9 35 1.1 65 2.0 Balgay 455 14.4 65 2.1 285 9.0 35 1.1 20 0.6 45 1.4 Strathmartine 410 13.3 65 2.1 200 6.5 15 0.5 45 1.5 55 1.8 Broughty Ferry 295 9.5 40 1.3 180 5.8 10 0.3 25 0.8 35 1.1 Tay Bridges 510 9.5 125 2.3 325 6.0 10 0.2 15 0.3 70 1.3 Barnhill 245 8.1 30 1.0 150 4.9 5 0.2 25 0.8 20 0.7 Balgillo 270 6.5 35 0.8 140 3.4 10 0.2 40 1.0 30 0.7 West Ferry 180 6.3 15 0.5 100 3.5 5 0.2 35 1.2 15 0.5 Riverside 205 5.5 35 0.9 105 2.8 5 0.1 30 0.8 25 0.7 Dundee City 17,925 19.0 3,475 3.7 9,740 10.3 1,340 1.4 1,190 1.3 2,460 2.6 Source: ONS DWP Benefits Data, February 2015.
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Source: ONS DWP Benefits 2015.
41 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Source: The Scottish Government: NEET Estimates at a Local Authority Level 2014.
The number of people aged 16-19 Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in Dundee City fell by 2.9 per cent between 2012 and 2014, from 10.6 per cent in 2012 to 7.9 per cent in 2014. The Scottish National average NEET rate fell by 2.8 per cent during the same period, from 9.2 per cent in 2012 to 6.4 per cent in 2014.
The NEET Rate for Dundee City in 2014 declined to the lowest point in the 10 year period as of 2014, having recovered to levels preceeding the global economic recession and economic auesterity.
In 2014, Dundee City had the seventh highest NEET Rate of all 32 Scottish Local Authority areas, with West Dunbartonshire, Clackmannanshire, North Lanarkshire, Glasgow City, South Lanarkshire and East Ayrshire having higher rates.
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Source: The Scottish Government: NEET Estimates at a Local Authority Level 2014
43 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Income
Median Gross Weekly Pay of Full Time Employees 2014
Males Females Persons
Dundee City £565.10 £455.00 £516.30
Scotland £558.40 £460.60 £519.40
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey 2014 (Workplace rate) *Median is the value below which 50% of employees fall
Comparative Median Gross Weekly Pay FT Employees 2014
Area Male £ Female £ All £ Total (%) of Total (%) of Scottish UK Average Average Dundee City 565.10 455.00 516.30 99.4 99.7 Aberdeen City 689.10 556.20 632.10 121.7 122.0 Edinburgh City 594.40 519.90 569.80 109.7 110.0 Glasgow City 579.10 479.10 539.00 103.8 104.0 Scotland 558.40 460.60 519.40 100.0 100.3 UK 557.80 461.90 518.00 99.7 100.0 Source: Nomis. Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 2014 (Workplace rate)
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Comparative Median Gross Weekly Pay
Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Workplace rate)
In 2014, Males in Dundee City earned more than the Scottish and UK Gross Weekly Pay average, with Males in Dundee City earning £565.10 per week, compared to £558.40 for Scotland and £557.80 for the UK.
Females in Dundee City earned comparatively less than in Scotland and the rest of the UK, with Female Gross Weekly Pay for Dundee City in 2014 at £455.00, compared to £460.60 for the Scottish national average and £461.90 for the UK average.
In 2014, The Gini-coefficient for Dundee City was 0.245 compared to the Scottish national average, which was 0.31. The Gini-coefficient measures the ratio of income inequality and represented by the gap between those on the differing incomes. The ratio representation of 0 represents perfect income equality, with a ratio of 1 representing perfect income inequality. This demonstrates that income equality in Dundee City was comparatively better than for the rest of Scotland and substantially more equitable than many other comparable local authorities.
45 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Source: ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earning 2014.
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Income by Percentile Group (Full-time employees) Dundee City Gross Annual Pay 2014 10th/90th Percentile £50,000 £44,663
£40,000 £35,447 £30,816 £30,000 £27,010 £24,022 £20,586 £18,788 £20,000 £16,904 £14,180
£10,000
£0
10 Percentile Ratio Income of 90th percentile: 31.75% (2014)
Scottish Gross Annual Pay 2014 10th/90th Percentile £60,000
£50,000 £50,000
£39,958 £40,000 £34,542 £30,510 £30,000 £26,969
£19,413 £20,754 £20,000 £18,074 £14,965
£10,000
£0
47 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
10 Percentile Ratio Income of 90th percentile: 29.93% (2014)
Gross Annual Income (all employee Jobs) by Percentile Group 2014
Percentile Dundee City (£) Scotland (£) 10 8,506 7,059 20 13,693 11,327 30 16,740 15,112 40 18,734 18,423 50 21,791 21,725 60 25,194 25,678 70 30,173 30,205 80 34,336 35,493 90 *43,452 44,916 Source: ONS Annual survey of hours and earnings 2014. *Model-based estimate (survey sample unreliable).
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Source: ONS Annual Population Survey 2014. *Polynominal regression model-based estimates used in absence of percentile groups.
49 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Income Inequality (Gross Annual Earnings) – Dundee City and Scotland 2014 Upper Tail Income Inequlity Ratio (90/50 Percentile)
Dundee City 0.50 £43,452 £21,791 Scotland 0.48 £44,916 £21,725 Lower Tail Income Inequality Ratio (50/10 Percentile)
Dundee City 0.39 £21,791 £8,506 Scotland 0.32 £21,725 £7,059 Income Inequality Ration (90/10 Percentile)
Dundee City 0.20 £43,452 £8,506 Scotland 0.16 £44,916 £7,059 Gini-coefficient
Dundee City 0.245 Scotland 0.31
Upper and lower tail inequality ratios measure the share of income that employees have in comparison to those at the median earning ratio to either the lowest of highest earning percentile gourps. The above results are given in gross annual earning and are unequivilised before housing costs. Equivilised pay is the prefered variable to give a more accurate representation of the scale of income inequality, factoring the proportionally higher housing costs as a share of income for those within the lower percentile groups and family compositions, which alter the scalability of comparative income.
Upper-tail Income Inequlity Ratio (90/50 Percentile):
For all employees incomes in 2014, Dundee City had an Upper tail inequaily ratio of 0.50 compared to the Scottish national average of 0.48.
Lower-tail Income Inequality Ratio (50/10 Percentile):
For all emploees incomes in 2014, the lowertail inequality ratio for Dundee City was 0.39, compared to the Scottish national average of 0.32.
Income Inequality Ratio (90/10 Percentile):
The income inequality ratio measured between the 10th ande 90th percentile gorups in 2014 was 0.20 for Dundee City and 0.16 for Scotland.
Dundee City incomes have a higher proportional share between the lower and upper percentile groups than the Scottish national averages and a lower percentage share at the higher oncome percentile groups, displaying that incomes are distributed more equally.
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Income and Employment Deprivation
Dundee City Neighbourhoods within the 15% Most Deprived in Scotland 2012 by Income Domain Rank (28% weighting): S01001253 Dundee City - Whitfield 30 S01001245 Dundee City - Kirkton 32 S01001226 Dundee City - Douglas West 52 S01001151 Dundee City - Lochee 70 S01001200 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 84 S01001212 Dundee City - Douglas East 103 S01001260 Dundee City - Whitfield 105 S01001239 Dundee City - Whitfield 116 S01001169 Dundee City - Lochee 135 S01001208 Dundee City - Fairmuir 169 S01001203 Dundee City - Douglas West 185 0 – 320
S01001175 Dundee City - Charleston 196 (5% Vigintile; S01001233 Dundee City - Fintry 202 Worst S01001213 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 224 Deprived) S01001217 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 227 S01001192 Dundee City - The Glens 230 S01001230 Dundee City - Whitfield 238 S01001243 Dundee City - Ardler and St Marys 248 S01001170 Dundee City - Charleston 253 S01001150 Dundee City - Menzieshill 273 S01001210 Dundee City - Douglas East 276 S01001261 Dundee City - Ardler and St Marys 288 S01001224 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 301 S01001251 Dundee City - Fintry 341 S01001257 Dundee City - Kirkton 381 S01001236 Dundee City - Caird Park 382 S01001114 Dundee City - City Centre 429 S01001199 Dundee City - Douglas East 436 321 – 640 S01001255 Dundee City - Kirkton 448 S01001188 Dundee City - The Glens 449 (5-10% S01001238 Dundee City - Fintry 554 Vigintile; S01001202 Dundee City - Douglas East 581 Worst S01001135 Dundee City - Menzieshill 590 Deprived) S01001196 Dundee City - Hilltown 600 S01001173 Dundee City - Charleston 602 S01001220 Dundee City - Douglas West 614 S01001177 Dundee City - Law 630 S01001201 Dundee City - Lochee 644 S01001163 Dundee City - Hilltown 650 S01001183 Dundee City - The Glens 660 641 – 960 S01001258 Dundee City - Whitfield 665 (10-15%; S01001254 Dundee City - Ardler and St Marys 709 Vigintile S01001166 Dundee City - Hilltown 720 Worst S01001137 Dundee City - Hilltown 748 Deprived) S01001172 Dundee City - Lochee 751 S01001136 Dundee City - Stobswell 769
51 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
S01001198 Dundee City - Charleston 770 S01001207 Dundee City - Lochee 795 S01001191 Dundee City - Douglas West 829 S01001140 Dundee City - Law 841 S01001121 Dundee City - Docks and Wellgate 890 S01001174 Dundee City - The Glens 900 S01001187 Dundee City - Charleston 909 S01001160 Dundee City - Broughty Ferry East 951 S01001252 Dundee City - Fintry 959 Source: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012.
Dundee City Neighbourhoods within the 15% Most Deprived in Scotland 2012 by Employment Domain Rank (28% weighting): S01001151 Dundee City - Lochee 32 S01001192 Dundee City - The Glens 86 S01001200 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 89 S01001230 Dundee City - Whitfield 101 S01001169 Dundee City - Lochee 103 S01001212 Dundee City - Douglas East 121 S01001253 Dundee City - Whitfield 124 S01001150 Dundee City - Menzieshill 125 S01001201 Dundee City - Lochee 148 0 – 320 S01001114 Dundee City - City Centre 150 S01001226 Dundee City - Douglas West 181 (5% Vigintile; S01001172 Dundee City - Lochee 183 Worst S01001239 Dundee City - Whitfield 203 Deprived) S01001213 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 218 S01001224 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 227 S01001175 Dundee City - Charleston 243 S01001188 Dundee City - The Glens 248 S01001183 Dundee City - The Glens 266 S01001203 Dundee City - Douglas West 273 S01001261 Dundee City - Ardler and St Marys 319 S01001245 Dundee City - Kirkton 321 S01001170 Dundee City - Charleston 342 S01001208 Dundee City - Fairmuir 363 S01001217 Dundee City - Linlathen and Midcraigie 394 S01001164 Dundee City - Law 407 S01001199 Dundee City - Douglas East 408 S01001129 Dundee City - Menzieshill 444 321 – 640
S01001260 Dundee City - Whitfield 454 (5-10% S01001174 Dundee City - The Glens 459 Vigintile; S01001238 Dundee City - Fintry 471 Worst S01001196 Dundee City - Hilltown 475 Deprived) S01001140 Dundee City - Law 518 S01001135 Dundee City - Menzieshill 549 S01001210 Dundee City - Douglas East 561 S01001165 Dundee City - Stobswell 566 S01001187 Dundee City - Charleston 571 S01001233 Dundee City - Fintry 618
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
S01001243 Dundee City - Ardler and St Marys 626 S01001251 Dundee City - Fintry 645 S01001236 Dundee City - Caird Park 650 S01001117 Dundee City - Docks and Wellgate 655 S01001255 Dundee City - Kirkton 665 S01001202 Dundee City - Douglas East 672 S01001177 Dundee City - Law 762 S01001173 Dundee City - Charleston 786 641 – 960
S01001121 Dundee City - Docks and Wellgate 787 (10-15%; S01001163 Dundee City - Hilltown 792 Vigintile S01001198 Dundee City - Charleston 805 Worst S01001258 Dundee City - Whitfield 835 Deprived) S01001191 Dundee City - Douglas West 865 S01001216 Dundee City - Douglas West 866 S01001156 Dundee City - Stobswell 878 S01001136 Dundee City - Stobswell 902 S01001207 Dundee City - Lochee 929 S01001144 Dundee City - Menzieshill 949 Source: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012.
Of the 65 Dundee City neighbourhoods within the 15 percent most deprived areas within the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012, the neighbourhood Whitfield (S01001253) falls within the 1 per cent most deprived of all Scotland, being ranked the 54th most deprived neighbourhood nationally. The level of income deprived people living in this neighbourhood ranks Whitfield (S01001253) the 30th worst of all Scottish neighbourhoods in terms of income deprivation.
Within the 5 per cent most deprived neighbourhoods in all of Scotland, 19 neighbourhood data zones within Dundee City fall within the 5 per cent most deprived for all of Scotland. Approximately 14,814 people in Dundee City live within the 5 per cent most deprived neighbourhoods in all of Scotland. Approximately 5,580 of people living in these neighbourhoods were income deprived.
The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 provides neighbourhood level data on the levels of income and employment deprivation. Using this alone misidentifies employment poverty as a static phenomenon, especially in terms of labour market participation and unemployment. This misattributes the characteristics of employment deprivation to those of neighbourhood deprivation. More people in poverty do live in these areas and it is important to acknowledge that poverty is exacerbated by these circumstances. However, the majority of the people living in these neighbourhoods are not in poverty or employment deprived and more people in employment deprivation live out with these areas.
Weak labour market engagement is far more widespread, with access to employment, suitable income and adequate social security underweighted in urban local authority areas.
53 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
Housing Market
Average Residential Property Prices in Scotland (1st Quarter Financial Year 2014/15 to 1st Quarter 2015/16)
Apr-Jun Apr-Jun Annual % Jan-Mar Quarterly 2015 2014 change 2015 % Change Dundee £128,203 £127,343 0.7% £128,935 -0.6% City Aberdeen £223,291 £205,515 8.6% £228,727 -2.4% City Edinburgh, £237,286 £227,203 4.4% £262,104 -9.5% City of Glasgow £138,185 £129,012 7.1% £134,221 3.0% City Scotland £167,765 £162,157 3.5% £173,809 -3.5% Source: Register of Scotland. Residential Quarterly House Prices, June 2015
The average Residential Property Price for Dundee City as of June 2015 was £128,203, compared to the Scottish national average of £167,765. This represents a marginal annual increase for Dundee City of 0.7 per cent, with an approximate fluxuation of residential property prices of 1 per cent.
The above chart demonstrates that within the annual period June 201 to June 2015, the residential property prices in Dundee City have remained consistent. All other Scottish cities demonstrated volatile fluxuations within the housing market, with significant variance within Aberdeen City and Edinburgh City evidenced between quarters.
Annual Residential Property Prices Sep 2014-Jun 2015:
Jul-Sep 14 Oct-Dec 14 Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 15 Quarterly 15 Annual Mean Dundee £128,956 £126,170 £128,084 £128,203 £127,853 City Aberdeen £221,211 £218,854 £228,864 £223,291 £223,055 City Edinburgh, £235,382 £224,368 £260,647 £237,286 £239,421 City of Glasgow £138,912 £129,710 £134,830 £138,185 £135,409 City Scotland £170,179 £165,197 £173,830 £167,765 £169,243
Source: Register of Scotland. Residential Quarterly House Prices, June 2015
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Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
The quarterly average residential property price for Dundee City between September 2014 and June 2015 was £127,853, with the Scottish national average at £169,243. The average residential property prices in Dundee City were the lowest of all major Scottish cities and substantially lower than Aberdeen and Edinburgh.
The House prices of Dundee City have been the most consistently stable of all major Scottish cities, with a proportional variance lower than the Scottish national average.
Source: Register of Scotland. Residential Quarterly House Prices, June 2015
Volume of Residential Property Sales in Scotland:
Apr-Jun 15 Apr-Jun 14 Annual % Jan-Mar 15 Quarterly % change Change Dundee City 598 605 -1.2% 386 54.9%
Aberdeen 1,364 1,375 -0.8 923 47.8% City Edinburgh, 3,002 2,947 1.9% 2,062 45.6% City of Glasgow 3,035 2,581 17.6% 2,026 49.8% City Scotland 24,685 24,299 1.6 16,638 48.4%
Source: Register of Scotland. Residential Quarterly House Prices, June 2015
55 Dundee Economic Profile October 2015
City Centre
Dundee City Centre exhibited the lowest town centre vacancy rate in 2014 of all Scotland’s major cities. The shop vacancy rate decrease from 14.6% in 2013 to 5.9% in 2014. During the same period, Town centre vacancy rates in Scotland remained stagnant.
The Dundee City vacancy rate evidences the largest reduction in Town Centre vacancy rates of any large city centre during the period, with the third lowest town centre vacancy rate of any Scottish local authority area. .
Town Centre Vacancy Rates (Vacant Retail Units as % of total retail in key town centres) 2013 (%) 2014 (%) Dundee City 14.6 5.9 Aberdeen City 8.1 6.2 Edinburgh, City of 6.7 6.7 Glasgow City 11.8 12.2 Scotland 10.4 10.2 United Kingdom 14.1 13.9 Source: Scottish Local Authorities Economic Development: Indicators Framework 2013-2014
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