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INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA 1 E PROTOSTORIA

ANNUAL MEETINGS

OF 1 AND PROTOHISTORY

Il Paleolitico e il Mesolitico in Italia: nuove ricerche e prospettive di studio

The Palaeolithic and in : new research and perspectives

ABSTRACT BOOK

ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA 2016 - www.iipp.it – ISBN 9788860450630 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA DIPARTIMENTO DI ANTICHITA’, FILOSOFIA, STORIA Università degli Studi di Genova AIQUA - Associazione Italiana per lo Studio del Quaternario

PRIMO INCONTRO ANNUALE DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA Il Paleolitico e il Mesolitico in Italia: nuove ricerche e prospettive di studio DAFIST, Aula Magna - Via Balbi, 2 - Genova – 4-5 febbraio 2016

FIRST ANNNUAL MEETING OF PREHISTORY AND PROTOHISTORY The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in Italy: new research and perspectives DAFIST, Aula Magna - Via Balbi, 2 - Genoa (Italy) – 4th-5th February 2016

ABSTRACT BOOK

a cura di / eds. : Fabio Negrino, Federica Fontana, Adriana Moroni, Julien Riel Salvatore

Redazione /Editing: Fabio Negrino, Monica Miari , Layout: Monica Miari

Immagine di copertina/Cover image : Giovanni Bruzzo

Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, 2016 ISBN 9788860450630 Sede Operativa Via della Pergola, 65 – 50122 Firenze www.iipp.it – e-mail: [email protected]

2 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Presentazioni

Dopo più di quarant’anni dall’ultimo congresso dedicato alla preistoria ligure, la Riunione Scientifica dell’IIPP del novembre 1973, e più di dieci dalla tavola rotonda del XVI Congresso degli Antropologi Italiani del 2005, il 4-5 febbraio scorsi si è tornati a parlare di Paleolitico e di Mesolitico a Genova. La call-for-papers dell'evento genovese ha richiamato numerosi colleghi dall’Italia e dall’estero. Gli autori dei contributi sono oltre 200 e includono studiosi europei e d’oltreoceano, tutti coinvolti in progetti mirati allo studio di contesti archeologici italiani. Gli argomenti presentati spaziano dal Paleolitico inferiore alla fine del Mesolitico, trattando approcci diversi (tecnologia, analisi funzionali, archeozoologia, antropologia fisica, sperimentazione, ecc.) e rilevando l’imprescindibilità di uno studio interdisciplinare del nostro passato. Questo incontro ha inoltre evidenziato la vivacità delle ricerche sul e l’Olocene antico dei siti della Penisola, portate avanti grazie a progetti di diverse università italiane, in collaborazione con strutture di ricerca d’oltre confine e con la partecipazione di numerosi giovani ricercatori. Per l’organizzazione dell’evento, oltre al sostegno dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, è stato fondamentale il supporto economico e logistico del Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia, Storia (DAFIST) dell’Università di Genova, nelle persone del preside prof. Michele Marsonet, del direttore di dipartimento prof. Franco Montanari, dell’ex-direttore prof. Roberto Sinigaglia, dei tecnici amministrativi (Anna Rita Calò, Marco Castoldi, Anna Vacchini) e di alcuni studenti del Corso in Conservazione dei Beni Culturali (Giulia Berruto, Silvia Caffarone, Naomi Chiampan, Chiara Dodero, Matteo Gullotto, Martina Parise, Caterina Piu, Elisa Ulmert). L’iniziativa ha anche ottenuto il patrocinio dell'Associazione Italiana per lo Studio del Quaternario (AIQUA).

Il Comitato Scientifico Fabio Negrino, Federica Fontana, Adriana Moroni, Julien Riel-Salvatore

More than 40 years have passed since the last conference dedicated to the Prehistory of – the Riunione Scientifica of IIPP held in November 1973 - and more than ten since the Round Table of the XVI Congresso degli Antropologi Italiani that took place in 2005. Finally,on the 4th and 5th of February 2016,Genoa once again served as the seat of a meeting dedicated to the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic. The call for papers of Genoa event was welcomed by numerous Italian and foreign colleagues. Over 200 colleagues participated, including European and American scholars, all of them being involved in projects focused on Italian archaeological contexts. The topics discussed spanned from the Lower Palaeolithic to the end of the Mesolithic and dealt with different issues (, functional analyses, zooarchaeology, physical anthropology, experimentation, etc.), highlighting the necessity to embrace an inter-disciplinary approach to our past. This meeting also underscored the liveliness of research on the Pleistocene and early of the Italian peninsula as a result of ongoing projects undertaken by different Italian universities in collaboration with foreign research institutions and with the involvement of numerous young researchers. Organising this event was possible thanks to the support of the Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, the funding and logistical assistance of the Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia, Storia (DAFIST) of the University of Genoa, represented by its president Prof. Michele Marsonet, director Prof. Franco Montanari, former director Prof. Roberto Sinigaglia, by technical office personnel (Anna Rita Calò, Marco Castoldi, Anna Vacchini) and by some of the undergraduate students in the Heritage Management program (Giulia Berruto, Silvia Caffarone, Naomi Chiampan, Chiara Dodero, Matteo Gullotto, Martina Parise, Caterina Piu, Elisa Ulmert). The event was also sponsored by the Associazione Italiana per lo Studio del Quaternario (AIQUA) .

The Scientific committee Fabio Negrino, Federica Fontana, Adriana Moroni, Julien Riel-Salvatore

3 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Una delle attività più importanti che l’Istituto svolge è l’organizzazione di momenti di incontro, di scambio di idee e di aggiornamento. Il Consiglio Direttivo ha perciò deciso di affiancare alle tradizionali Riunioni Scientifiche, che continueranno puntualmente il loro corso, una nuova serie di incontri più “agili”, centrati sull’attualità della ricerca e su tematiche più circoscritte, che costituiscano soprattutto occasione di confronto tra specialisti della materia e di coinvolgimento più largo dei soci. Il progetto consiste nella realizzazione di riunioni brevi, ognuna dedicata a fasi cronologiche diverse, da tenersi in sedi dislocate. La formula adottata, che si esplica nell’ambito di uno/due giorni di incontri, non sarà seguita dall’edizione di volumi di atti nella forma esaustiva ma costituisce l’occasione per dare avvio a una nuova collana editoriale on-line denominata “Incontri Annuali di Preistoria e Protostoria” (IAPP) che ne ospiterà gli Abstract Books. Questo primo incontro, dedicato all’aggiornamento sull’attualità della ricerca per le fasi del Paleolitico e del Mesolitico, sarà seguito da altre riunioni su tematiche riferibili allo stesso periodo ma anche al Neolitico, al Eneolitico e all’età del Bronzo e del Ferro.

Il Consiglio Direttivo dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria

One of the main activities carried out by the IIPP is the organisation of meetings aimed at exchanging ideas and updating the state of the art on specific topics. The Executive Committee therefore recently decided to adda new series of meetings to the traditional Scientific Meetings of the Institute - which will continue to be organised yearly according to the same regular schedule. These less formal events are intended to focus on current research about specific themes that would represent an occasion for specialists to exchange about and for the IIPP membership in general to get better acquainted with. The project consists in the organisation of short conferences dedicated to different chronological periods to be held in diverse locations. The favoured structure comprises one/two days of presentations, followed by the publication of extended abstracts in a new online edited series named “Annual Meetings of Prehistory and Protohistory” (IAPP) instead of more traditional published proceedings. The first event presented in this issue updates the current research on the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic and will be followed by other conferences dedicated to this period as as to the , the Copper Age and the Bronze and Iron age.

The Executive Committe of the Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria

4 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

INDICE

MEETING PROGRAM...... 8

PODIUM PRESENTATION A. ARELLANO , P. -E. MOULLÉ , F. LACOMBAT , The Early Pleistocene at (Ventimiglia, Imperia) ...... 13

B.M. ARANGUREN , N. AMICO , M. BENVENUTI , C. CAPALBO , F. CAVANNA , F. CAVULLI , F. CIANI , G. COMENCINI , C. D’A MICO , M. DELFINO , D. ESU , G. GIACHI , C. GIULIANI , E. GLIOZZI , G. GRANDINETTI , S. GRIMALDI , N. MACCHIONI , M. MARIOTTI LIPPI , F. MASINI , P. MAZZA , M. MORI , P. PALLECCHI , A. REVEDIN , F. SANTANIELLO , A. SAVORELLI , M. SPADI , M. VOLTAGGIO , Men and at Poggetti Vecchi (Grosseto) ...... 15

D. AURELI , The site of Ficoncella (Tarquinia, Viterbo) in the Lower Palaeolith ic context of : on-going research and future perspectives …...... 17

C. LEMORINI , A. ZUPANCICH , D. AURELI , E. NICOUD , E. SANTUCCI , A.P. ANZIDEI , Stone use in the Middle Pleistocene of the Italian Peninsula: new data from the sites of “La Polledrara di Cecanibbio” (Roma), “La Ficoncella” (Viterbo) and “Valle Giumentina” (Pescara) ...... 19

E. NICOUD , D. AURELI , M. PAGLI , V. VILLA , C. CHAUSSÉ , F. FUSCO , G. BOSCHIAN , J. -P. DEGEAI , S. AGOSTINI , J. -J. BAHAIN , T. COLONNA , B. GIACCIO , M. HERNANDEZ , C. KUZUCUOGLU , C. LAHAYE , C. LEMORINI , N. LIMONDIN - LOZOUET , P. MAZZA , N. MERCIER , S. NOMADE , A. PEREIRA , V. ROBERT , M. A. ROSSI , C. VIRMOUX , A. ZUPANCICH , Geochronology and of Valle Giumentina Lower Palaeolithic site (Pescara) ...... 20

R. ROCCA , C. ABRUZZESE , D. AURELI , J. -J. BAHAIN , P. BENEDUCE , P. DI LEO , P. GIANNANDREA , S. I. GIANO , D. GIOIA , D. MAGRI , S. NOMADE , A. PEREIRA , M. SCHIATTARELLA , R. SULPIZIO , P. VOINCHET , New multidisciplinary research project on the Lower Palaeolithic site of Cimitero di Atella (Potenza) ...... 21

C. PERETTO , J. ARNAUD , G. LEMBO , B. MUTTILLO , E. RUFO , B. SALA , D. SIGARI , U. THUN HOHENSTEIN , M. ARZARELLO , The prehistoric settlement of Molise (Central Italy) in the light of the latest research ...... 24

M. ZAMBALDI , D. E. ANGELUCCI , M. ARZARELLO , First data on stratigraphy and formation processes at Ciota Ciara (Monte Fenera, Borgosesia, Vercelli) ...... 27

M. PERESANI , D. DELPIANO , C. JÉQUIER , A. LIVRAGHI , M. ROMANDINI , Discovery, excavation and first data from a Quina site: De Nadale Cave (Vicenza) ...... 29

M. ROMANDINI , I. FIORE , M. GALA , A. LIVRAGHI , A. TAGLIACOZZO , M. PERESANI , - raptors interactions in Italy. Evidence and research perspectives ...... 31

D. DELPIANO , M. PERESANI , A. PASTOORS , Analizing a Discoid chaîne opératoire through a 3D refitting...... 34

E. ROSSONI -NOTTER , O. NOTTER , S. SIMONE , P. SIMON , Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia): researches of the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology of on the technical behaviour of the and Mousterian collections from Grotta del Principe. New insights and future programs ...... 35

G. ONORATINI , A. ARELLANO , P. E. MOULLÉ , L. JOURDAN , The Palaeolithic sequence of the Barma Grande Cave (Ventimiglia, Imperia) from the Bonfils excavations ...... 38

V. SPAGNOLO , D. AURELI , A. ARAUJO , C. BERTO , F. BOSCHIN , G. CAPECCHI , J. CREZZINI , M. FREGUGLIA , J. J. HUBLIN , G. MARCIANI , G. MONTANARI -CANINI , F. PARENTI , S. ARRIGHI , S. TALAMO , A. MORONI , The sea destroys, the sea preserves. New evidence on last Neandertals in Central Italy from Grotta di Cala dei Santi (Grosseto) ...... 40

5 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

R. SARDELLA , M. MASSUSSI , D. A. IURINO , I. MAZZINI , L. BELLUCCI , A. BILLI , M. BRILLI , F. GIUSTINI , G. LEMBO , B. MECOZZI , B. MUTTILLO , A. SCIANCALEPORE , S. TUCCI , Grotta Romanelli (Castro, Lecce) awakens: legacies, issues and developments in excavating a site symbol of the Palaeolithic in Europe ...... 42

E. SPINAPOLICE , Neanderthal mobility pattern and technological organization in the Salento Mousterian ...... 43

F. ROMAGNOLI , J. BAENA , L. SARTI , New perspectives in the study of Middle Palaeolithic shell technology: understanding raw material performance, technical procedures and Neanderthal socio-economic strategies with a multidisciplinary approach ...... 45

G. MARCIANI , V. SPAGNOLO , D. AURELI , P. BOSCATO , A. RONCHITELLI , Continuities and discontinuities at the Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, ). The last in ...... 48

J. RIEL SALVATORE , An empirical analysis of Uluzzian crescents ...... 51

F. NEGRINO , S. BENAZZI , J. HODGKINS , B. HOLT , C. MILLER , C. ORR , M. PERESANI , J. RIEL SALVATORE , D. STRAIT , C. GRAVEL -MIGUEL , H. DE SANTIS , E. LEGER , S. MARTINI , E. PERRONI , A. LALIBERTÉ , G. POTHIER BOUCHARD , E. STARNINI , A. ZERBONI , On-going research and first data from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites of Liguria region ...... 52

M. OTTE , The Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia): the matri x in the cave ...... 55

F. SANTANIELLO , S. GRIMALDI , The Noaillian lithic collections from Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) …...... 57

J. -M. TEJERO , S. GRIMALDI , Assessing bone and antler exploitation at Riparo Mochi: implications for the characterization of the in South-western Europe ...... 59

M. FROUIN , J. -L. SCHWENNINGER , A. DAVE , K. DOUKA , T. F. G. HIGHAM , F. SANTANIELLO , E. STARNINI , S. GRIMALDI , New radiometric ages for the Palaeolithic site of Riparo Mochi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) ...... 60

R. DUCHES , M. PERESANI , C. BARTOLINI , The site of Bus de la Lum (Cansiglio Plateau, Pordenone) during the Younger Dryas, between continuity and transformation of the mobility patterns...... 61

R. DUCHES , G. DALMERI , M. BASSETTI , I. FIORE , S. NERI , A. TAGLIACOZZO , Painted stones and ritual pits: new evidence on Late Epigravettian art and symbolic behavior from Riparo Dalmeri (Trento).. 63

G. CAVALLO , F. FONTANA , M. PERESANI , M. P. RICCARDI , R. ZORZIN , Research on archaeological : a question of method ...... 65

N. NANNINI , R. DUCHES , F. BOSCHIN , J. CREZZINI , M. ROMANDINI , M. PERESANI , Identification of Late Epigravettian hunting injuries: descriptive and 3D analysis of experimental projectile impact marks on bone ...... 67

M. SERRADIMIGNI , The Late Epigravettian -Sauveterrian transition: Continenza Cave (Trasacco, L’Aquila) and contemporary sites of the South-Central Adriatic area ...... 69

M. MUSSI , E. BRUNELLI , E. CANCELLIERI , E. CATELLI , E. D’A NGELO , G. DE ANGELIS , L. DI BIANCO , I. FIORE , M. GALA , E. GARGANI , R. MELIS , F. PIARULLI , G. RUTA , The Lateglacial and early Holocene sequence of Grotta di Pozzo (L’Aquila), in the mountains of central Italy ...... 73

S. ARRIGHI , D. AURELI , F. BOSCHIN , J. CREZZINI , E. MORETTI , A. RONCHITELLI , Inside the groove: contribution of 3D microscopy to the study of behavior...... 74

C. COLLINA , B. GASSIN , The Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic in Southern Italy (Uzzo Cave and Latronico 3) and the issue of the technical traditions in the North-west Mediterranean area during VII-VI millennium BC ...... 76

B. HOLT , E. WHITTEY , Mobility and lower limb morphology: the impact of terrain ...... 79

6 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

D. LO VETRO , A. C. COLONESE , Z. DI GIUSEPPE , W. LANDINI , F. MARTINI , Human response to Late Palaeolithic-Early Mesolithic transition: production and resources exploitation of the last hunter-gatherers in SW ...... 80

G. DI MAIDA , L’arte delle grotte della Sicilia dal Tardoglaciale al primo Olocene. Una revisione del record e nuove metodologie di ricerca - The art of the Sicilian Lateglacial-Early Holocene caves. A revision of the record and the application of new methodologies ...... 85

D. VISENTIN , F. FONTANA , G.L.F. BERRUTI , S. BERTOLA , S. ZIGGIOTTI , The first Holocene occupation of the Emilian Po plain: techno-economical data from the Sauveterrian site of Collecchio (Parma) ...... 86

POSTER F. ALTAMURA , M. MUSSI , Scanty but meaningful: results of research on the Upper in the (near ) ...... 89 B. M. ARANGUREN , F. CAVULLI , M. D’O RAZIO , S. GRIMALDI , L. LONGO , A. REVEDIN , F. SANTANIELLO , Territorial exploitation in the Tyrrhenian Gravettian Italy: the case-study of Bilancino (Florence) ...... 91 G.L.F. BERRUTI , J. ARNAUD , M. ARZARELLO , J. BELON , G. BERRUTO , S. CARACAUSI , S. DAFFARA , C. FERREIRA , C. H. REIS , P. ROSINA , F. RUBAT BOREL , Geo-archaeological survey in the Baragge Biellesi area. New data on the Middle Palaeolithic in Piedmont …...... 93 V. BORGIA , T. DEVIESE , F. NEGRINO , J. RIEL SALVATORE , The chemical analysis of residues on prehistoric hunting weapons: the project “Hunting Traces”...... 94 G. CAPECCHI , A. MOUNIER , L. PUYMERAIL , S. RICCI , A. RONCHITELLI , L. MONTI , S. CONDEMI , Human remains from Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia): re-examination of the finds and new study perspectives …...... 96 E. CATELLI , P. ARIAS CABAL , Prehistoric : raw materials, processing and use of ochre during the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of South-west Europe ...... 99 M. CESTARI , Paleobiogeography of birds and climate: possible interactions with the artistic manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers ...... 102 C. COLLINA , M. PIPERNO , The Palaeolithic sequence of Roccia San Sebastiano cave (Mondragone, Caserta). The Gravettian chaînes opératoires and the production of microgravettes …...... 103 J. CONFORTI , The human occupation during the Upper Palaeolithic in the Grotta del Leone at Agnano (Pisa): preliminary results and research purposes of the new excavations …...... 104 D. DELPIANO , F. GARBASI , Paleolithic findings along the northern Apennine fringe: analysis of survey collections from the Piacenza region …...... 106 E. GIANNITRAPANI , La te Glacial and Early Holocene landscape and human occupation dynamics in the Erei uplands (Central Sicily) ...... 107 F. LAROCCA , F. ARENA , A piece for the whole. A case of isolated bone deposition dated to the Palaeolithic at Grotta della Monaca (Cosenza) ...... 108 A. MORONI , P. BOSCATO , A. RONCHITELLI , The origin of the Uluzzian: the upsetting of a paradigm? … .... 110

V.S. SPARACELLO , P. PETTITT , C. ROBERTS , S. ROSSI , J. RIEL -SALVATORE , Insights on funerary dynamics in the Late Upper Palaeolithic cemetery of (Finale Ligure, Savona) through new osteological analyses of secondary depositions …...... 114 U. THUN HOHENSTEIN , M. BERTOLINI , S. CHANNARAYAPATNA , C. PERETTO , Bone retouchers from some Italian Middle Palaeolithic sites (Riparo Tagliente and Grotta della Ghiacciaia –Verona-, Grotta Reali – Isernia-) …...... 115

AUTHORS …...... 119

7 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

PROGRAMMA - PROGRAM

Giovedì, 4 Febbraio / Thursday, 4th February 9:00 Saluti e introduzione al convegno / Welcome and introduction MICHELE MARSONET , Preside della Scuola di Scienze Umanistiche - Università di Genova FRANCO MONTANARI , Direttore del DAFIST - Università di Genova MARIA BERNABÒ BREA ,Presidente dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria ANGIOLO DEL LUCCHESE , Soprintendenza Archeologia della Liguria

9:45 A. ARELLANO , P.-E. MOULLÉ , F. LACOMBAT Il Pleistocene inferiore nelle grotte dei Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) - The Early Pleistocene at Balzi Rossi Caves (Ventimiglia, Imperia) 10:00 B.M. ARANGUREN , N. AMICO , M. BENVENUTI , C. CAPALBO , F. CAVANNA , F. CAVULLI , F. CIANI , G. COMENCINI , C. D’A MICO , M. DELFINO , D. ESU , G. GIACHI , C. GIULIANI , E. GLIOZZI , G. GRANDINETTI , S. GRIMALDI , N. MACCHIONI , M. MARIOTTI LIPPI , F. MASINI , P. MAZZA , M. MORI , P. PALLECCHI , A. REVEDIN , F. SANTANIELLO , A. SAVORELLI , M. SPADI , M. VOLTAGGIO Uomini e elefanti a Poggetti Vecchi (Grosseto) - Men and elephants at Poggetti Vecchi (Grosseto) 10:15 D. AURELI Il sito di Ficoncella (Tarquinia, Viterbo) nel contesto del Paleolitico inferiore europeo: nuove ricerche e prospettive future - The site of Ficoncella (Tarquinia, Viterbo) in the Lower Palaeolithic context of Europe: on-going research and future perspectives 10:30 C. LEMORINI, A. ZUPANCICH , D. AURELI , E. NICOUD , E. SANTUCCI , A.P. ANZIDEI Strumenti in pietra nel Medio Pleistocene della penisola italiana: nuovi dati dai siti di La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Roma), La Ficoncella (Viterbo) e Valle Giumentina (Pescara) - Stone tool use in the Middle Pleistocene of the Italian Peninsula: new data from the sites of “La Polledrara di Cecanibbio” (Roma), “La Ficoncella” (Viterbo) and “Valle Giumentina” (Pescara) 10:45 E. NICOUD , D. AURELI , M. PAGLI , V. VILLA , C. CHAUSSÉ , F. FUSCO , G. BOSCHIAN , J.-P. DEGEAI , S. AGOSTINI , J.-J. BAHAIN , T. COLONNA , B. GIACCIO , M. HERNANDEZ , C. KUZUCUOGLU , C. LAHAYE , C. LEMORINI , N. LIMONDIN - LOZOUET , P. MAZZA , N. MERCIER , S. NOMADE , A. PEREIRA , V. ROBERT , M. A. ROSSI , C. VIRMOUX , A. ZUPANCICH , Geocronologia e archeologia del sito del Paleolitico inferiore di Valle Giumentina (Pescara) - Geochronology and archaeology of Valle Giumentina Lower Palaeolithic site (Pescara) 11:00-11:30 Coffee break 11:30 R. ROCCA , C. ABRUZZESE , D. AURELI , J.-J. BAHAIN , P. BENEDUCE , P. DI LEO , P. GIANNANDREA , S. I. GIANO , D. GIOIA , D. MAGRI , S. NOMADE , A. PEREIRA , M. SCHIATTARELLA , R. SULPIZIO , P. VOINCHET Nuovo progetto di ricerca pluridisciplinare sul sito del Paleolitico inferiore del Cimitero di Atella (Potenza) - New multidisciplinary research project on the Lower Palaeolithic site of Cimitero di Atella (Potenza) 11:45 C. PERETTO , J. ARNAUD , G. LEMBO , B. MUTTILLO , E. RUFO , B. SALA , D. SIGARI , U. THUN HOHENSTEIN , M. ARZARELLO Il popolamento preistorico del Molise (Italia centrale) alla luce delle ultime ricerche - The prehistoric settlement of Molise (Central Italy) in the light of the latest research 12:00 M. ZAMBALDI , D. E. ANGELUCCI , M. ARZARELLO Stratigrafia e processi di formazione della successione di riempimento della Ciota Ciara (Monte Fenera, Vercelli): primi dati - First data on stratigraphy and formation processes at Ciota Ciara cave (Monte Fenera, Borgosesia, Vercelli) 12:15 M. PERESANI , D. DELPIANO , C. JÉQUIER , A. LIVRAGHI , M. ROMANDINI Scoperta, scavo e primi dati da un sito con Musteriano di tipo Quina: la grotta De Nadale (Vicenza) - Discovery, excavation and first data from a Quina Mousterian site: De Nadale Cave (Vicenza) 12:30-13:00 Discussione / Discussion 13:00-15:00 Pranzo / Lunch

8 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

15:00 M. ROMANDINI , I. FIORE , M. GALA , A. LIVRAGHI , A. TAGLIACOZZO , M. PERESANI Interazioni Neanderthal - rapaci in Italia. Evidenze e prospettive di ricerca -Neanderthal - raptors interactions in Italy. Evidence and research perspectives 15:15 D. DELPIANO , M. PERESANI , A. PASTOORS La documentazione 3D a supporto dell’analisi di una catena operativa Discoide - Analizing a Discoid chaîne opératoire through a 3D refitting 15:30 E. ROSSONI -NOTTER , O. NOTTER , S. SIMONE , P. SIMON Comportamenti tecnici dei gruppi acheuleani e musteriani ai Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia). Ricerche del Museo d’Antropologia Preistorica di Monaco alla Grotta del Principe: nuovi risultati e progetti futuri - Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia): researches of the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology of Monaco on the technical behaviour of the Acheulean and Mousterian collections from Grotta del Principe. New insights and future programs 15:45 G. ONORATINI , A. ARELLANO , P. E. MOULLÉ , L. JOURDAN La sequenza paleolitica della Barma Grande (Ventimiglia, Imperia): gli scavi Bonfils - The Palaeolithic sequence of the Barma Grande Cave (Ventimiglia, Imperia) from the Bonfils excavations 16:00 V. SPAGNOLO , D. AURELI , A. ARAUJO , C. BERTO , F. BOSCHIN , G. CAPECCHI , J. CREZZINI , M. FREGUGLIA , J. J. HUBLIN , G. MARCIANI , G. MONTANARI -CANINI , F. PARENTI , S. ARRIGHI , S. TALAMO , A. MORONI Il mare cancella, il mare conserva. Nuove evidenze sulle dinamiche di popolamento degli ultimi Neandertal in Italia centrale da Grotta di Cala dei Santi (Grosseto) - The sea destroys, the sea preserves. New evidence on last Neandertals in Central Italy from Grotta di Cala dei Santi (Grosseto) 16:15 R. SARDELLA , M. MASSUSSI , D. A. IURINO , I. MAZZINI , L. BELLUCCI , A. BILLI , M. BRILLI , F. GIUSTINI , G. LEMBO , B. MECOZZI , B. MUTTILLO , A. SCIANCALEPORE , S. TUCCI Il risveglio di Grotta Romanelli (Castro, Lecce): eredità, questioni aperte e sviluppi nello scavo di un sito simbolo del Paleolitico in Europa - Grotta Romanelli (Castro, Lecce) awakens: legacies, issues and developments in excavating a site symbol of the Palaeolithic in Europe 16:30-17:00 Coffee break 17:00 E. SPINAPOLICE Mobilità neandertaliana e organizzazione tecnologica nel Musteriano del Salento - Neanderthal mobility pattern and technological organization in the Salento Mousterian 17:15 F. ROMAGNOLI , J. BAENA , L. SARTI Nuove prospettive nello studio della tecnologia in conchiglia del Paleolitico medio: approccio multidisciplinare per comprendere il comportamento della materia prima, le tecniche di lavorazione e le strategie economiche e sociali neandertaliane - New perspectives in the study of Middle Palaeolithic shell technology: understanding raw material performance, technical procedures and Neanderthal socio-economic strategies with a multidisciplinary approach 17:30 G. MARCIANI , V. SPAGNOLO , D. AURELI , P. BOSCATO , A. RONCHITELLI Continuità e discontinuità al Riparo dell’Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, Taranto). Gli ultimi neandertaliani in Sud Italia - Continuities and discontinuities at the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa, Taranto). The last Neanderthals in Southern Italy 17:45 J. RIEL SALVATORE Un’analisi empirica delle semilune uluzziane - An empirical analysis of Uluzzian crescents 18:00 F. NEGRINO , S. BENAZZI , J. HODGKINS , B. HOLT , C. MILLER , C. ORR , M. PERESANI , J. RIEL SALVATORE , D. STRAIT , C. GRAVEL -MIGUEL , H. DE SANTIS , E. LEGER , S. MARTINI , E. PERRONI , A. LALIBERTÉ , G. POTHIER BOUCHARD , E. STARNINI , A. ZERBONI Ricerche in corso e nuovi risultati da alcuni siti del Paleolitico medio e superiore della Liguria - On- going research and first data from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites of Liguria region 18:15 M. OTTE Il Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia): la matrice nella grotta - The Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia): the matrix in the cave 18:30-19:00 Discussione / Discussion 20:00 Cena sociale / Social dinner

9 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Venerdì, 5 Febbraio / Friday, 5th February

9:00 F. SANTANIELLO , S. GRIMALDI Le collezioni litiche gravettiane a bulini di Noailles dai Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) - The Noaillian Gravettian lithic collections from Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) 9:15 J.-M. TEJERO , S. GRIMALDI . La lavorazione dell’osso e del palco al Riparo Mochi: elementi per la caratterizzazione dell’Aurignaziano dell’Europa sud-occidentale - Assessing bone and antler exploitation at Riparo Mochi: implications for the characterization of the Aurignacian in South-western Europe 9:30 M. FROUIN , J.-L. SCHWENNINGER , A. DAVE , K. DOUKA , T. F. G. HIGHAM , F. SANTANIELLO , E. STARNINI , S. GRIMALDI Nuove datazioni radiometriche del Paleolitico del Riparo Mochi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) - New radiometric ages for the Palaeolithic site of Riparo Mochi (Ventimiglia, Imperia) 9:45 R. DUCHES , M. PERESANI , C. BARTOLINI Il sito di Bus de la Lum (Altopiano del Cansiglio, Pordenone) durante il Dryas recente, tra continuità insediativa e trasformazione della mobilità epigravettiana - The site of Bus de la Lum (Cansiglio Plateau, Pordenone) during the Younger Dryas, between continuity and transformation of the Epigravettian mobility patterns 10:00 R. DUCHES , G. DALMERI , M. BASSETTI , I. FIORE , S. NERI , A. TAGLIACOZZO Pietre dipinte e fosse rituali: arte e comportamenti simbolici nell’Epigravettiano recente di Riparo Dalmeri (Trento) - Painted stones and ritual pits: new evidence on Late Epigravettian art and symbolic behavior from Riparo Dalmeri (Trento) 10:15 G. CAVALLO , F. FONTANA , M. PERESANI , M. P. RICCARDI , R. ZORZIN Ricerche sull’ocra proveniente da contesti archeologici: una questione di metodo - Research on archaeological ochre: a question of method 10:30 N. NANNINI , R. DUCHES , F. BOSCHIN , J. CREZZINI , M. ROMANDINI , M. PERESANI Identificazione di tracce da impatto su materiale faunistico Tardoglaciale: analisi descrittive e 3D su campioni sperimentali - Identification of Late Epigravettian hunting injuries: descriptive and 3D analysis of experimental projectile impact marks on bone 10:45 A. TOMASSO , C. TOZZI La circolazione delle materie prime e la nozione di frontiera in Preistoria. Il caso della Toscana durante l’Epigravettiano - Raw material circulation and the notion of border in Prehistory. The example of Tuscany during the Epigravettian 11:00-11:30 Coffee break 11:30 M. SERRADIMIGNI La transizione dall’Epigravettiano finale al Sauveterriano: Grotta Continenza (Trasacco, L’Aquila) e i siti coevi del territorio adriatico centro-meridionale - The Late Epigravettian-Sauveterrian transition: Continenza Cave (Trasacco, L’Aquila) and contemporary sites of the South-Central Adriatic area 11:45 M. MUSSI , E. BRUNELLI , E. CANCELLIERI , E. CATELLI , E. D’A NGELO , G. DE ANGELIS , L. DI BIANCO , I. FIORE , M. GALA , E. GARGANI , R. MELIS , F. PIARULLI , G. RUTA La sequenza del Tardoglaciale e dell’Olocente antico di Grotta di Pozzo (L’Aquila), nelle montagne dell’Italia centrale - The Lateglacial and early Holocene sequence of Grotta di Pozzo (L’Aquila), in the mountains of central Italy 12:00 S. ARRIGHI , D. AURELI , F. BOSCHIN , J. CREZZINI , E. MORETTI , A. RONCHITELLI Dentro la traccia: il contributo della microscopia 3D allo studio delle azioni dell’Uomo - Inside the groove: contribution of 3D microscopy to the study of human behavior 12:15 C. COLLINA , B. GASSIN Il Mesolitico finale e il Neolitico antico in Italia meridionale (Grotte dell’Uzzo e Latronico 3) e la problematica delle tradizioni tecniche nel VII-VI millennio a.C. nel Mediterraneo nord-occidentale - The Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic in Southern Italy (Uzzo Cave and Latronico 3) and the issue of the technical traditions in the North-west Mediterranean area during VII-VI millennium BC

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12:30-13:00 Discussione / Discussion 13:00-15:00 Pranzo / Lunch 15:00 B. HOLT , E. WHITTEY Mobilità e morfologia degli arti inferiori: l’impatto con il terreno - Mobility and lower limb morphology: the impact of terrain 15:15 D. LO VETRO , A. C. COLONESE , Z. DI GIUSEPPE , W. LANDINI , F. MARTINI La risposta umana al passaggio tra Paleolitico finale e Mesolitico antico: produzione di strumenti litici e sfruttamento delle risorse da parte degli ultimi cacciatori-raccoglitori della Sicilia sud- occidentale - Human response to Late Palaeolithic-Early Mesolithic transition: stone tool production and resources exploitation of the last hunter-gatherers in SW Sicily 15:30 G. DI MAIDA L’arte delle grotte della Sicilia dal Tardoglaciale al primo Olocene. Una revisione del record e nuove metodologie di ricerca - The art of the Sicilian Lateglacial-Early Holocene caves. A revision of the record and the application of new methodologies 15:45 D. VISENTIN , F. FONTANA , G.L.F. BERRUTI , S. BERTOLA , S. ZIGGIOTTI L’occupazione della pianura padana emiliana durante il primo Olocene: dati tecno-economici dal sito sauveterriano di Collecchio (Parma) - The first Holocene occupation of the Emilian Po plain: techno-economical data from the Sauveterrian site of Collecchio (Parma) 16:00-16:45 Coffee break 16:45-18:00 Discussione finale e chiusura dei lavori / Final discussion and closing meeting

Poster Session

1. F. ALTAMURA , M. MUSSI Pochi ma buoni: metodologia e risultati delle ricerche sul Paleolitico superiore dei Colli Albani (Roma) – Scanty but meaningful: results of research on the in the Alban Hills (near Rome) 2. B. M. ARANGUREN , F. CAVULLI , M. D’O RAZIO , S. GRIMALDI , L. LONGO , A. REVEDIN , F. SANTANIELLO Sfruttamento del territorio nel Gravettiano dell’area tirrenica italiana: il caso-studio del Bilancino (Firenze) - Territorial exploitation in the Tyrrhenian Gravettian Italy: the case-study of Bilancino (Florence) 3. G.L.F. BERRUTI , J. ARNAUD , M. ARZARELLO , J. BELON , G. BERRUTO , S. CARACAUSI , S. DAFFARA , C. FERREIRA , C. H. REIS , P. ROSINA , F. RUBAT BOREL Prospezioni geo-archeologiche nelle Baragge Biellesi. Nuovi dati sul Paleolitico medio del Piemonte – Geo-archaeological survey in the Baragge Biellesi area. New data on the Middle Palaeolithic in Piedmont 4. V. BORGIA , T. DEVIESE , F. NEGRINO , J. RIEL SALVATORE L'analisi chimica dei residui sulle armi da caccia preistoriche: il progetto “Hunting Traces” - The chemical analysis of residues on prehistoric hunting weapons: the project “Hunting Traces” 5. G. CAPECCHI , A. MOUNIER , L. PUYMERAIL , S. RICCI , A. RONCHITELLI , L. MONTI , S. CONDEMI I resti umani provenienti da Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia): revisione del materiale e prospettive di studio – Human remains from Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia): re- examination of the finds and new study perspectives

6. E. CATELLI, P. ARIAS CABAL Pigmenti preistorici: materie prime, lavorazione e uso dell’ocra durante il Paleolitico superiore e il Mesolitico dell’Europa sud-occidentale - Prehistoric pigments: raw materials, processing and use of ochre during the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of South-west Europe

7. M. CESTARI Paleobiogeografia delle avifaune e clima: possibili interazioni con le manifestazioni artistiche dei cacciatori-raccoglitori del Paleolitico superiore - Paleobiogeography of birds and climate: possible interactions with the artistic manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers

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8. C. COLLINA , M. PIPERNO La sequenza paleolitica della grotta di Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, Caserta). Chaînes opératoires gravettiane e produzione di microgravettes - The Palaeolithic sequence of Roccia San Sebastiano cave (Mondragone, Caserta). The Gravettian chaînes opératoires and the production of microgravettes

9. J. CONFORTI La frequentazione umana nella Grotta del Leone di Agnano (Pisa) durante il Paleolitico superiore. Risultati preliminari e obiettivi di ricerca alla luce della riapertura degli scavi – The human occupation during the Upper Palaeolithic in the Grotta del Leone at Agnano (Pisa): preliminary results and research purposes of the new excavations

10. D. DELPIANO , F. GARBASI Il Paleolitico del Pedeappennino piacentino: analisi delle raccolte di superficie - Paleolithic findings along the northern Apennine fringe: analysis of survey collections from the Piacenza region

11. E. GIANNITRAPANI Paesaggio e dinamiche del popolamento umano nell’area delle colline degli Erei (Sicilia centrale) nel corso dell'ultima età Glaciale e del primo Olocene - Late Glacial and Early Holocene landscape and human occupation dynamics in the Erei uplands (Central Sicily)

12. F. LAROCCA , F. ARENA Una parte per il tutto. Un caso di deposizione ossea isolata di età paleolitica a Grotta della Monaca (Cosenza) – A piece for the whole. A case of isolated bone deposition dated to the Palaeolithic at Grotta della Monaca (Cosenza)

13. A. MORONI , P. BOSCATO , A. RONCHITELLI L’origine dell’Uluzziano: lo sconvolgimento di un paradigma? – The origin of the Uluzzian: the upsetting of a paradigm?

14. V.S. SPARACELLO , P. PETTITT , C. ROBERTS , S. ROSSI , J. RIEL -SALVATORE Ricerche sulle dinamiche funerarie nella necropoli del Paleolitico superiore finale delle Arene Candide (Finale Ligure, Savona) attraverso nuove analisi osteologiche di deposizioni secondarie - Insights on funerary dynamics in the Late Upper Palaeolithic cemetery of Arene Candide (Finale Ligure, Savona) through new osteological analyses of secondary depositions

15. U. THUN HOHENSTEIN , M. BERTOLINI , S. CHANNARAYAPATNA , C. PERETTO I ritoccatoi provenienti dai siti del Paleolitico medio di Riparo Tagliente, Grotta della Ghiacciaia (Verona) e Grotta Reali (Isernia) - Bone retouchers from some Italian Middle Palaeolithic sites (Riparo Tagliente and Grotta della Ghiacciaia –Verona-, Grotta Reali – Isernia-)

Comitato Scientifico / Scientific committee Fabio Negrino, Federica Fontana, Adriana Moroni, Julien Riel Salvatore

Segreteria organizzativa / Organizational secretary Sara Benzi, Giulia Berruto, Silvia Caffarone, Naomi Chiampan, Chiara Dodero, Matteo Gullotto, Martina Parise, Caterina Piu, Elisa Ulmert

Ringraziamenti / Acknowledgements Si ringraziano, per il sostegno e la collaborazione, il Prof. Michele Marsonet, il Prof. Franco Montanari, il Prof. Roberto Sinigaglia, la Dott.ssa Anna Vacchini e la Dott.ssa Anna Rita Calò. Un particolare ringraziamento a Giovanni Bruzzo, fumettista di professione, che ha realizzato il bellissimo disegno utilizzato quale immagine simbolo del convegno genovese.

Thanks for support and cooperation to Prof. Michele Marsonet, Prof. Franco Montanari, Prof. Roberto Sinigaglia, Dr. Anna Vacchini and Dr. Anna Rita Calò. A particular thank to Giovanni Bruzzo, a professional cartoonist, who created the beautiful drawing used as iconic image of the Genoa meeting.

12 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 9:45

ALMUDENA ARELLANO , PIERRE -ELIE MOULLÉ , FRÉDÉRIC LACOMBAT , GERARD ONORATINI

The Early Pleistocene from the Balzi Rossi Caves (Ventimiglia, Imperia)

Early Pleistocene remains have been found in Vallonnet Cave dates to ~1Ma, making it one of two sites in the Balzi Rossi Caves: in Grimaldi Cave, the oldest sites documenting human presence in also known as the Torre di Grimaldi site (de Europe (de Lumley 1988; de Lumley et alii 1963, Lumley-Woodyear 1969; Rivière 1879) (fig.1), and 1988; Moullé 1997-1998, 2006). Its deposits in the Caverna del Principe (Arellano et alii 2009; yielded lithic made from local raw material, Bonifay, Bonifay 1962; Boule 1906; Lacombat 2003; including rare pieces of flint bearing Microcodium Lacombat, Moullé 2004; Moullé 1996). that probably come from the Ciotti conglomerate The archaeological material from these sites outcrop near Mortola (Ventimiglia, Italy) (Del includes mainly animal remains that date to the Lucchese et alii 2002; Moullé et alii 2014; Negrino same chronological period as those discovered in et alii 2006). Vallonet Cave (Grotte du Vallonet), at Roquebrune While the Early Pleistocene from Caverna Cap Martin (). These remains are curated at del Principe is not associated to lithic artefacts the Regional Museum of Prehistory of and attributable to the same age, the situation of at the Prehistoric Anthropology Museum of Grimaldi Cave is less clear-cut. Indeed, at that site, Monaco and include species like Ursus deningeri , Stanislas Bonfils collected in 1871 some unworked Canis lupus mosbachensis, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, chunks of Ciotti flint (fig. 2). The considerable gombazoegensis, Mammuthus distance of this site from the Ciotti conglomerate meridionalis, Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis, Equus outcrop reopens the question of whether their stenonis s.l., Praeovibos s.p., and Praemegaceros cf. presence in this Early Pleistocene deposit is best verticornis (de Lumley 1988; de Lumley et alii explained as the result of natural or anthropic 1963 e 1988; Moullé 1997-1998; Id. 2006). forces.

2

1

Fig. 1 - Grimaldi Cave or Torre di Grimaldi site (Grimaldi superiore, Ventimiglia, Italy) ( photo by A. Arellan ) Fig. 2 - Flint pebble with Microcodium from the Grimaldi Cave (Grimaldi superiore, Ventimiglia, Italy) ( photo by P.-E. Mouillé )

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REFERENCES LACOMBAT F., MOULLÉ P.-E. (2004) - Description ARELLANO A., MOULLÉ P.-E., LACOMBAT F. (2009) - Les paléontologique du Stephanorhinus faunes quaternaires des grottes de Grimaldi, hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902) Pléistocène Bulletin du Musée d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Inférieur de la Tour de Grimaldi (Ligurie, Italie), Monaco 49, 21-27. Bulletin du Musée d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de BONIFAY M.-F., BONIFAY E. (1962) - Sur l’existence de Monaco 44, 33-38. dépôts quaternaires pré-wurmiens dans la grotte MOULLÉ P.-E. (1996) - Paléontologie des grands du Prince (Ligurie italienne), L’Anthropologie 66 mammifères de la (1-2), 90-99. (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes Maritimes, BOULE M. (1906) - Les Grottes de Grimaldi (Baoussé- France). Comparaison avec la faune de la Tour de Roussé), Géologie et Paléontologique , Tome I, Grimaldi (Vintimille, Italie), in Atti del XIII Fascicule II, Monaco. Congresso UISPP, Forlì, Italia, 1996, 447-454. LUMLEY -WOODYEAR DE H. (1969) - Le paléolithique MOULLÉ P.-E. (1997-1998) - Les grands mammifères inférieur et moyen du Midi méditerranéen dans de la grotte du Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap- soncadre géologique. Gallia préhistoire, V ème. Martin). Synthèse des études antérieures et Supplément Ligurie-, I, CNRS, Paris. nouvelles déterminations, Bulletin du Musée LUMLEY DE H. (1988) - La stratigraphie du remplissage d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco 39, 29- de la grotte du Vallonnet, L’Anthropologie 92 (2), 36. 407- 428. MOULLÉ P.-E., ARELLANO A., SIMON P., ONORATINI G., LUMLEY DE H., GAGNIERES S., BARRAL L., PASCAL R. (1963) - CAUCHE D. (2014) -Présence de pièces taillées en La grotte du Vallonnet, Roquebrune cap-Martin, silex dans le contexte archéologique des grottes de Alpes Maritimes (note préliminaire), Bulletin du Grimaldi: le jardin Maria Serena à Menton Musée d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco 10, (06 ),Mém. de l’IPAAM LVI, 9-16. 5-20. MOULLÉ P.-E., LACOMBAT F., ECHASSOUX A. (2006) - LUMLEY DE H., KALHLKE H.D., MOIGNE A.-M.,M OULLÉ P.-E. Apport des grands mammifères de la grotte du (1988) - Les faunes de grands mammifères de la Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes- grotte du Vallonnet. Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Maritimes, France) à la connaissance du cadre Alpes Maritimes, L’Anthropologie 92, 465-496. biochronologique de la seconde moitié du DEL LUCCHESE A., MARTINI S., NEGRINO F., OTTOMANO C. Pléistocène inférieur d’Europe, L’Anthropologie (2002) - “I Ciotti” (Mortola Superiore, Ventimiglia, 110, 1-13. Imperia). Una località di approvvigionamento della NEGRINO F., MARTINI S., OTTOMANO C., DEL LUCCHESE A. materia prima per la scheggiatura durante il (2006) - Palaeolithic evidence for quarrying Paleolitico ,Bullettino di Paletnologia italiana 91-92 activity at “I Ciotti” (Mortola Superiore, (2000-2001), 1-26. Ventimiglia, Imperia, Italy), in KORLIN G., LACOMBAT F. (2003) - Etude des rhinocéros du WEISGERBER G., eds. - - Mining Age. VIII Pléistocène de l’Europe méditerranéenne et du International Flint Symposium. Der Anschnitt 19, Massif Central. Paléontologie, phylogénie et Bochum, 153-162. biostratigraphie. Thése de Doctorat, Muséum RIVIÈRE E. (1879) - Grotte de Grimaldi en Italie , in National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Association française pour l’avancement des Sciences, Compte Rendu de la 7 eme session de1878 , 622-638.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 10:00

BIANCAMARIA ARANGUREN , NICOLA AMICO , MARCO BENVENUTI , CHIARA CAPALBO , FLORIANO CAVANNA , FABIO CAVULLI , FRANCESCO CIANI , GIACOMO COMENCINI , CARMINE D’A MICO , MASSIMO DELFINO , DANIELA ESU , GIANNA GIACHI , CLAUDIA GIULIANI , ELISA GLIOZZI , GIUDITTA GRANDINETTI , STEFANO GRIMALDI , NICOLA MACCHIONI , MARTA MARIOTTI LIPPI , FEDERICO MASINI , PAUL MAZZA , MIRIA MORI , PASQUINO PALLECCHI , ANNA REVEDIN , FABIO SANTANIELLO , ANDREA SAVORELLI , MARCO SPADI , MARIO VOLTAGGIO .

Men and elephants at Poggetti Vecchi (Grosseto)

In the early months of 2012 investigative works for the construction of a thermal pool within a small artificial basin in the district of Poggetti Vecchi, close to Grosseto unearthed a Palaeolithic site with many remains of Palaeoloxodon antiquus , alongside those of several other vertebrates. Urgent excavations were carried out by the Tuscan Archaeological Commission between March and June 2012 and in November 2013, over an area of around 160 m2 within the artificial basin. The work was complicated by the constant flow of hot spring water; the pool was emptied during the excavation by a large pump, while it was filled with water during the rest of the day. The same level yielded a set of wooden artefacts of great scientific relevance. These items are presently being restored and under study. Based on preliminary analytical results, the oldest level of frequentation of the Poggetti Vecchi site can be attributed to a time period ranging around 150- 200 ka BP. The area is located at the foot of a small land surface elevation of around 11 metres above sea level, along the shore of an old lake, now filled. The area was repeatedly frequented by prehistoric man, probably at the beginning of the middle Palaeolithic, for hunting and/or scavenging carcasses of large herbivores that lived in the area. Fig. 1 - The recovering of a tusk of Paleoloxodon The research in the site of Poggetti Vecchi called antiquus during the excavation. for a multidisciplinary approach, involving numerous specialists from different scientific The excavated stratigraphic succession starts, at disciplines. The study, still in progress, will include the base, with an anthropic level containing also absolute dating, which is however difficult to numerous stone tools, a fair number of bone tools, obtain in presence of hot spring water. and many faunal and floral remains.

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Fig. 2 - The two largest tusks of Paleoloxodon antiquus in the exibition in Grosseto.

16 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 10:15

DANIELE AURELI , ROXANE ROCCA , ANTONIO CONTARDI , BIAGIO GIACCIO , CRISTINA LEMORINI , DONATELLA MAGRI , FEDERICA MARANO , SALVATORE MILLI , VALERIO MODESTI , MARIA RITA PALOMBO .

The site of Ficoncella (Tarquinia, Viterbo) in the Lower Palaeolithic context of Europe: current results and future perspectives.

The site of Ficoncella, located in lower part of University of Rome "La Sapienza "and the CNR- the Mignone river valley (Tarquinia, Tolfa IGAG. Mountains, northern ), has provided the Thanks to regional geological and stratigraphic opportunity to study a single carcass of sequence studies, radiometric dates and tephro- Palaeoloxodon antiquus human occupation during chronological observations, we can assert that the Lower Palaeolithic (Aureli et alii 2012; 2015) human activities took place on a riverbank during (fig. 1). the high-stand sea-level of marine isotope stage 13 The research conducted from 2010 to 2015, (ca. 500ky). In the current state of research we with the approval and collaboration of the proposed the hypothesis of a quick burial of the Soprintendenza Archeologia del Lazio e dell’Etruria lithic implements and fauna, which occurred in a meridionale, were supported by the of short time range, thanks to alluvial deposits in a Allumiere, the Museo Civico "A. Klitsche De La floodplain context (Aureli et alii 2015). Grange" and the Fondazione Cariciv. The lithic recovered, about 400 Over the past five years the research team has elements, has some very interesting features which involved over the past five years involved the are useful to understand the technical complexity participation of different institutions, including the of the European . Currently no University of Siena, UR Prehistory and elements coming from handaxes or LTC reduction Anthropology, UMR 7041 ArScAn-antet, the sequence were found.

Fig.. 1 – 1. Location of Ficoncella site. 2. Stratigraphic sequence of the site; the indicate the archaeological level and the skull of the (2015 excavation). 3. Archaeological map with Paleoloxodon antiquus carcass, other faunal remains and lithic artefacts. 4. Small flint tools.

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Thanks to technological and techno-functional archeozoological and fabric analyses, will help us to analysis we determined two distinct reduction reconstruct in greater detail the micro-history of sequences (Aureli et alii in press). The first one the site. The results already obtained allow us to concerns large limestone pebbles. It consists in the approach the technical and behavioural variability production of medium/large flakes, through an expressed by Palaeolithic communities, during additional production system (Boëda 2013). The Early Middle Pleistocene. aim is to obtain robust and long (40-60 mm) cutting-edges on elongated, convergent or backed REFERENCES flakes. The second reduction sequence is AURELI D., CONTARDI A., GIACCIO B., MODESTI V., PALOMBO performed on small flint pebbles, in order to obtain M.R., ROZZI R., SPOSATO A., TRUCCO F. (2012) - “small-tools” with several cutting-edges (spine, Straight-tusked elephants in the Middle mini-rostrum, etc.). The small flakes coming from Pleistocene of northern : Preliminary this reduction sequence (retouch and notches report on the Ficoncella site (Tarquinia, central flakes) are used on several working materials Italy), Quaternary International 255, 2935. Doi: (Aureli et alii 2015). 10.1016 /j.quaint.2011.06.052. AURELI D., CONTARDI C., GIACCIO B., JICHA B., LEMORINI C., The latter category of tools, generally defined in MADONNA S., MAGRI D., MARANO F., MILLI S., MODESTI the literature as "small tools", is studied at V., PALOMBO M.R., ROCCA R. (2015) - Palaeoloxodon Ficoncella site in order to better understand their and Human Interaction: Depositional Setting, functional and evolutive status within the Chronology and Archaeology at the Middle variability of the Lower Palaeolithic. Therefore it Pleistocene Ficoncella Site (Tarquinia, Italy), PLoS was important to define a specific protocol ONE 10, 0124498. involving different analysis methods to provide a AURELI D., ROCCA R., LEMORINI C., MODESTI V., SCARAMUCCI better understanding of the function and role of S., MILLI S., GIACCIO B., MARANO F., PALOMBO M.R., stone tools: technological production, techno- CONTARDI A. (in press) - Mode 1 or mode 2? “Small functional, ergonomic, experimental. tools” in the technical variability of the European A systematic study with the objective of Lower Palaeolithic: The site of Ficoncella identifying the use-wear and residues traces was (Tarquinia, Lazio, central Italy), Quaternary carried out on the entire sample, providing International . Doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.055 interesting data on the worked material and the BOËDA E. (2013) - Techno-logique & technologie: une type of action of these tools. paléo-histoire des objects lithiques tranchants, In the future, microstratigraphical taphonomical, @rchéo-éditions.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 10:30

CRISTINA LEMORINI , ANDREA ZUPANCICH , DANIELE AURELI , ELISA NICOUD , ERNESTO SANTUCCI , ANNA PAOLA ANZIDEI

Stone tool use in the Middle Pleistocene of the Italian Peninsula: new data from the sites of “La Polledrara di Cecanibbio” (Roma), “La Ficoncella” (Viterbo) and “Valle Giumentina” (Pescara).

Evidence coming from the analysis of stone tool a detailed analysis of the use wear present on the use plays a major role in the investigation of tool edges providing relevant data related to the human behaviour during Palaeolithic. If for the exploitation of these implements during the Middle later periods data related to this matter is getting Pleistocene. more and more exhaustive, the same cannot be The analyses of both the edge damage and said for the earlier periods. Indeed, the micro wear preserved on the tools permits to preservation degree of the materials associated to speculate about their use in specific tasks often the industries coming from earlier contexts has related to butchering activities. Moreover, in two often prevent the application of through and in- cases, La Polledrara di Cecanibbio and La depth functional analyses. Ficoncella, the tools are associated to Here we present data coming from the Palaeoloxodon anitiquus remains providing application of use wear analysis and its integration important suggestions on the ongoing relation with the technological and techno-morpho- between early and megafauna during the functional analysis on the lithic assemblages of Lower Palaeolithic. three Middle Pleistocene sites of the Italian The results presented in this work provide new Peninsula: La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Latium), La and relevant data related to the understanding of Ficoncella (Latium) and Valle Giumentina the early human groups and their behaviours, (Abbruzzo). The overall high degree of contributing to the overall knowledge of the Lower preservation of these contexts allowed to perform Palaeolithic of the Italian peninsula.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 10:45

ELISA NICOUD , DANIELE AURELI , MARINA PAGLI , VALENTINA VILLA , CHRISTINE CHAUSSÉ , FABIO FUSCO , GIOVANNI BOSCHIAN , JEAN -PHILIPPE DEGEAI , SILVANO AGOSTINI , JEAN -JACQUES BAHAIN , TOMMASO COLONNA , BIAGIO GIACCIO , MARION HERNANDEZ , CATHERINE KUZUCUOGLU , CHRISTELLE LAHAYE , CRISTINA LEMORINI , NICOLE LIMONDIN -LOZOUET , PAUL MAZZA , NORBERT MERCIER , SÉBASTIEN NOMADE , ALISON PEREIRA , VINCENT ROBERT , MARIA ADELAIDE ROSSI , CLÉMENT VIRMOUX , ANDREA ZUPANCICH

Geochronology and archaeology of Valle Giumentina Lower Palaeolithic site (Pescara)

Valle Giumentina is located on the Adriatic side Valle Giumentina (École Française de Rome project of the Central Apennines, on the north-western 2012-16) in order to understand and reconstruct slope of the Majella mountain. This hanging valley its environmental evolution during the Pleistocene was the site of a small lake during the Pleistocene. and to clarify the nature and chronology of human The valley is deeply incised by a small stream in occupations. A high-resolution pluridisciplinary its northern part. This cutting allows observing the study of the sequence (sedimentology, Middle Pleistocene infilling of the basin on a long micromorphology, bioproxies, tephrochronology) stratigraphic profile, 25 m deep. Studied in the and dating techniques (Ar/Ar, ESR, OSL) have been 1950s by J. Demangeot and A.M. Radmilli, the performed. 6 levels of volcanic ashes have been sedimentary sequence was considered to be of found. Rissian and Würmian age as well as the nine Results depict an evolution of the Valle archaeological levels they included. They were Giumentina basin in four phases, from a lake attributed to the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. environment to its drying. 11 archaeological layers Their classification needed to be revised. Valle have been identified, in both glacial and interglacial Giumentina is a key site to reassess the Pleistocene periods, during stable environmental conditions cultural evolution in Italy due to its unique (soils). We present here a synthesis of both succession of distinct in situ archaeological levels archaeological and chronostratigraphical data included in a long sedimentary sequence. obtained after four years of field and laboratory Pluridisciplinary researches were resumed at studies on this rich Lower Palaeolithic site.

20 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 11:30

ROXANE ROCCA , CLAUDIA ABRUZZESE , DANIELE AURELI , JEAN -JACQUES BAHAIN , PAOLO BENEDUCE , PAOLA DI LEO , PAOLO GIANNANDREA , SALATORE IVO GIANO , DARIO GIOIA , DONATELLA MAGRI , SEBASTIEN NOMADE , ALISON PEREIRA , MARCELLO SCHIATTARELLA , ROBERTO SULPIZIO , PIERRE VOINCHET

New multidisciplinary research project on the Lower Palaeolithic site of Cimitero di Atella in Basilicata (southern Italy).

The site of Cimitero di Atella is located in the pyroclastic succession and is characterised by a village of Atella (Basilicata, southern Italy), at central vent and parasitic cones, eccentric lava- about 10 km south of Mount Vulture. The 20-years plugs, and domes. The earlier volcanic morphology long excavation of Prof. E. Borzatti von Löwenstern, has been modified by summit and lateral volcano- brought to light an important sequence containing tectonic collapses. The volcano is localised on a two archaeological levels attributed to the Lower structural high of the pre-Pliocene and Pliocene Acheulean (Borzatti et alii 1990, 1997). The lithic sedimentary bedrock. Its activity developed in implements and faunal remains are at the moment middle Pleistocene times, starting at about 0.7 Ma dated to 0.63 Ma on the base of stratigraphical, and ending at 0.14 Ma. Therefore, genesis and volcanological and biochronological correlations evolution of Mount Vulture Volcano took place (Borzatti et alii 1990; Ciolli 1997; Di Muro 1999; during the recent deformation of the frontal (i.e. Zucchelli 2002). eastern) part of the south-Apennines chain A new multidisciplinary project, started in 2015, (Schiattarella et alii 2005). proposes to reactivate the research on this The arrangement of Monte Vulture deposits has important site (fig. 1). The aim of this program is to been widely reviewed by grouping, into basic re-assess the chrono-stratigraphical context, as unconformity-bounded units (Synthems), the well as the site formation and the features of fauna volcano-stratigraphic units which are not and lithic industry. separated by unconformities or long quiescence The study area is located in the frontal part of periods marked by palaeosols and erosional the south-Apennines orogenic chain (fig. 2). The surfaces (Giannandrea et alii 2006). Atella site is included in a narrow area between the The presence of lacustrine deposits at the southernmost base slope of Mount Vulture Volcano bottom of the stratigraphic succession, related to and the Atella palaeolake (fig. 3). the Atella paleolake, and of several volcanic layers Monte Vulture is a strato-volcano composed of in the upper part of the sequence, belonging to the highly undersaturated alkaline-potassic to Vulture Mt. eruptive events, allowed us to re- ultrapotassic rocks belonging to the Roman Magmatic Province. It is a relatively small volcanic collocate the sequence in a more precise complex which consists of a 700 m thick lava and chronological context (fig. 4).

Fig. 1 – The site of Cimitero di Atella (Pz, Basilicata)

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The new study of lithic industry (Abruzzese cimitero di Atella. Prime indagini sulla stratigrafia 2014, Abruzzese et alii 2016) shows that the del sedimento e sulle industrie litiche, Studi per assemblage contains in fact a great variability of l’ecologia del quaternario 12. reduction sequences (large cutting-tools, small BORZATTI VON LÖWENSTERN E., PALCHETTI A., SOZZI M. tools, flakes production). (1997) - Témoignages de l’Acheuléen inferieur en This diversity, at the centre of the current Italie Méridionale: Le gisement du Cimitero di research on Lower Palaeolithic, make of Cimitero di Atella (Basilicata), L’Anthropologie 101, 617-638. Atella an important site, which will add new and CIOLLI N. (1997) - Elephas antiquus Falconer & unpublished data to the debate on the evolution of Cautley del Cimitero di Atella (PZ), Studi per l’Ecologia del Quaternario 19, 25-33. technical systems in Italy during the Middle DI MURO A. (1999) - Inquadramento tefrostratigrafico Pleistocene. del sito acheuleano del Cimitero di Atella Acknowledgment : This project is lead in collaboration (Basilicata, Italia), Studi per l’Ecologia del with the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Basilicata Quaternario 21, 7-14. (Potenza, Italy), and supported by the Basilicata GIANNANDREA P., LA VOLPE L., PRINCIPE C., SCHIATTARELLA Region (Italy), the Commune di Atella (Potenza, Italy) M. (2006) - Unità stratigrafiche a limiti inconformi and the Umr 7041 – ArScAn, équipe AnTET (Nanterre, e storia evolutiva del vulcano medio-pleistocenico France). di Monte Vulture (Appennino meridionale, Italia), Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana 125,67- 92 (with attached geological map, 1:25.000 scale). REFERENCES SCHIATTARELLA M., BENEDUCE P., DI LEO P., GIANO ABRUZZESE C. (2014) - Il sito paleolitico di Atella (Pz) S.I.,G IANNANDREA P., PRINCIPE C. 2005, Assetto nel quadro del primo popolamento europeo: studio strutturale ed evoluzione morfotettonica tecnologico dell’industria litica . Tesi di Laurea. quaternaria del vulcano del Monte Vulture Università degli Studi di Napoli «L’Orientale». (Appennino Lucano), Bollettino della Società ABRUZZESE C., AURELI D., ROCCA R. (2016) - Assessment Geologica Italiana 124, 543-562. of the Acheulean in Southern Italy: new study on ZUCCHELLI M. (2002) - I cervidi dell’Acheuleano antico the Cimitero di Atella site (Basilicat a, Italy) , nel Cimitero di Atella (Potenza) , Studi per Quaternary International 393, 158-168. l’Ecologia del Quaternario 24, 13-17. BORZATTI VON LÖWENSTERN E., SOZZI M., VANNUCCI S.,V IANELLO F. (1990) - L’acheuleano antico del

Fig. 2 – Regional geological scheme of southern Italy.

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Fig. 3 – Geological and morphological simplified scheme of the study area, with the location of the Atella site.

Fig. 4 – Detailed stratigraphic log of the Atella site in the frame of the larger succession of the Mount Vulture Volcano.

23 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 11:45

CARLO PERETTO , JULIE ARNAUD , GIUSEPPE LEMBO , BRUNELLA MUTTILLO , ETTORE RUFO , BENEDETTO SALA , DARIO SIGARI , URSULA THUN HOHENSTEIN , MARTA ARZARELLO

The prehistoric settlement of Molise (south-central Italy) in the light of the latest research

Following the discovery, in 1979, of the Guado San Nicola prehistoric site of Isernia La Pineta (Isernia, Molise, The site of Guado San Nicola (Monteroduni, south-central Italy), the archaeological researches Isernia), is located on the distal part of the ancient carried out by the University of Ferrara have terraced alluvial fan of the Lorda stream, a expanded throughout the territory highlighting tributary of the Volturno river. The excavation has other Palaeolithic sites: the Achelean site of Guado unearthed a rich concentration of lithic and faunal San Nicola (Monteroduni, Isernia), the Mousterian remains within a stratigraphic sequence of more site of Grotta Reali (Rocchetta a Volturno, Isernia), than two meters in thickness, characterised by the site of Riparo di Morricone del Pesco alternating gravelly and sandy fluvial layers rich in (Civitanova del Sannio, Isernia). pyroclastic materials (Peretto et alii cds). Archaeological researches – conducted with the The chronology of the site is attributable to the support of Soprintendenza Archeologia del Molise end of MIS 11– beginning of MIS 10, according to MiBACT – are still in progress and have allowed the the available radiometric dates (40Ar/39Ar and achievement of many important scientific results. ESR/U-series) (Bahain et alii 2014; Nomade, Pereira 2014). Isernia La Pineta The faunal assemblage is characterised by the Isernia La Pineta, dated to ~0.6 Ma, is a key-site presence of Cervus elaphus acoronatus, Cervidae, for the comprehension of the early Middle Equus ferus ssp., followed by Palaeoloxondon sp., Pleistocene in Western Europe. It is an extensive Bos primigenius and Stephanorhinus open-air site with abundant lithic industry and kirchbergensis, Ursus sp., Dama sp. Megacerini are faunal remains distributed across four stratified very rare. archaeo-surfaces. The complex stratigraphic The palaeo-environment was constituted by sequence is characterised by fluvial-lacustrine and woodland and shrub areas, mostly occupied by volcanic deposits (Peretto 2013). cervids, and open grassland, populated by The lithic production is characterised by the elephants, and horses, that should refer to exploitation of two local raw materials: flint and one or more temperate or warm temperate phases. limestone. The most representative The zoo-archaeological analysis revealed the method is the opportunistic one, with the presence of cut marks and intentional fractures exploitation of two or more percussion planes, associated with anthropic activities aimed at followed by the centripetal (cf. discoid) method. marrow recovery. The abundance of antlers, Bipolar percussion on an anvil was mostly used for together with the presence of peculiar marks on the reduction of flint tablets of low quality, the surface of the burrs of four shed antlers seems characterised by many fractures. to indicate a probable use as hammers for the The local limestone cobbles were exploited knapping of lithic material, a hypothesis mainly for debitage and rarely for shaping. corroborated by the characteristics of the lithic Retouching was adopted, both with specific industry (Sala et alii 2014). functional purposes for the manufacture of The techno-economic analysis of the lithic sidescrapers and denticulates and for the re- assemblage, mostly obtained by the exploitation of sharpening of the cutting edges. flint and only occasionally by the exploitation of The faunal assemblage, characteristic of the limestone flint, allows the reconstruction of the Middle Galerian, is mainly represented by technical behaviour (Muttillo et alii 2014). herbivores, testifying the presence of an arboreal Handaxes are frequent and generally produced steppe. The systematic exploitation of animal at the expense of slabs of flint and only very rarely carcasses is shown by numerous cut marks and from flakes: although they are very heterogeneous intentional fresh bone fractures. in terms of morphology and dimensions, the An isolated human deciduous child incisor has technical investment is concentrated on the recently been discovered (Peretto et alii 2015). shaping of the distal part, while the basal part

24 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) generally preserves the cortex or is not shaped at rock art shelter with a wide surface containing all. The use of soft organic hammers mostly refers both engraved and painted rock art (Sigari et alii to the latest stages of bifacial shaping. 2014). Paintings, in red and black, and Retouched tools (side scrapers, denticulates and are grouped into four main sectors. However, due notches) are rare. to their poor state of preservation a complete The most representative debitage method is the census is not possible. S.S.D.A. method, followed by discoid debitage. The The figurative repertory, both scratched and presence of the Levallois method is rare but black-painted, has the strongest comparisons with significant and increases upwards along the the rock art of the Abruzzese (e.g. Pacentro and stratigraphic sequence. Bartolomeo II) and Apulian contexts (e.g. Porto The simultaneous presence of bifacial shaping Badisco), thus suggesting a chronology not earlier and Levallois technology in the Guado San Nicola than the Neolithic. In a recent review of the site, dates back to the MIS 11/10 the introduction photographic documentation, adopting DStretch®, of the Levallois method, thus adding new data to two sub-oval shaped red spots. previously invisible the debate on the Lower/Middle Palaeolithic to the naked eye, were recognised. These spots transition in Western Europe. underlay black zoomorphic designs in Sector A. Further, they have no parallels in Italian rock art, Grotta Reali although similar signs, traced with a red contour Grotta Reali, systematically investigated in 2006 line, are seen in El Castillo (), Mayenne- and 2007, is located not far from the source of the Sciences, Le Combarelles II and Bernifal caves Volturno River. The rock shelter opens in a wall of (France) (Álvarez 2009; Pigeaud 2002). calcareous tufa partially eroded by quarrying, In the light of these new evidences all the black something that limits the legibility of its original paintings would be post-dated to proto-historic morphology. The stratigraphy, of about two meters, times, while the two red spots may be attributed to contains two anthropic levels (S.U. 5 and 2β-2γ), a more ancient phase, probably the Palaeolithic, characterized by the presence of flint artefacts, even though they are not very well determined, bones remains and (Peretto 2012). having no parallels in Italy, but only in a wider Thanks to radiometric dating, the chronology spatial context. of the rock shelter is attributable to 40-45.000 years B.P. REFERENCES The lithic industry is made from different ÁLVAREZ A. M. (2009) - Los signos ovales paleolìticos qualities of flint, coming from the surroundings of de la cueva de El Castillo (Puente Viesgo, the site. All the stages of the operational chain took Cantabria): Datos para un planteamiento place in situ, as also suggested by the presence of interpretativo y su atribuciòn crono-cultural, SPAL many refittings. 18, 29–40. The techno-economic system, focused on ANNALI UNIVERSITÀ DI FERRARA 2014– MUTTILLO B., LEMBO objectives of high productivity, shows the use of G. PERETTO C., eds. (2014) - L’industria a bifacciali different debitage methods, such as opportunistic di Guado San Nicola (Monteroduni, Molise, Italia) , production, discoid, Levallois and also the presence Annali dell’Università di Ferrara 10/1A, Ferrara. of laminar debitage, rarely attested in the coeval BAHAIN J.-J., SAHO Q., FALGUÈRES C., GARCIA T., DOUVILLE E., Italian sites. FRANK N. (2014) - Datation du site de Guado San The faunal assemblage, mainly composed by Nicola par les methode de la resonance de spin cervids, roe , ibex and Bos primigenius, leads électronique et du déséquilibre dans les familles to environments characterised by wooded areas de l’uranium combines (ESR/U-Th), in Annali interspersed with large open areas. Cut marks and Università di Ferrara 2014 , 53-56. intentional bone fractures have been recognised. MUTTILLO B., ARZARELLO M., PERETTO C. (2014) - The presence of natural shelters, together with L’industria litica in selce, in Annali Università di the availability of raw material and faunal Ferrara 2014 , 79-142. resources, represented favourable conditions for PEREIRA A. (2014) - Datation 40Ar/39Ar du site de Guado San Nicola, in Annali Università di Ferrara the anthropic occupation. 2014 , 49-52. The Mousterian site of Grotta Reali adds new PERETTO C. (2012), L’insediamento musteriano di data to the debate on the transition between Homo Grotta Reali (Rocchetta a Volturno, Molise, Italia), neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens in the Italian Annali dell’Università di Ferrara 8/2, Ferrara. peninsula. PERETTO C., ed. (2013) - Isernia La Pineta , Isernia : Riparo di Morricone del Pesco Cosmo Iannone Editore. PERETTO C., ARNAUD J., MOGGI -CECCHI J., MANZI G., NOMADE Morricone del Pesco, in the Civitanova del S., PEREIRA A., FALGUÈRES C., BAHAIN J.-J., GRIMAUD - Sannio municipality, in the Isernia province, is a HERVÉ D., BERTO C., SALA B., LEMBO G., MUTTILLO B.,

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GALLOTTI R., THUN HOHENSTEIN U., VACCARO C., PIGEAUD R. (2002) - La grotte ornée Mayenne-Sciences COLTORTI M., ARZARELLO M. (2015) - A human (Thorigné-en-Charnie, Mayenne): grotte-limite deciduous tooth and new 40Ar/39Ar dating aux marges du monde anté-magdalénien, results from the Middle Pleistocene archaeological Anthropologie 106, 445–489. site of Isernia La Pineta, Southern Italy, PLoS SALA B., BOULBES N., MOIGNE A.-M., THUN HOHENSTEIN U. ONE 10(10), 1-19. (2014) - L’insieme faunistico del giacimento, in PERETTO C., ARZARELLO M., BAHAIN J.-J., BOULBES N., DOLO Annali Università di Ferrara 2014 , 59-78. J.-M., DOUVILLE E., FALGUÈRES C., NORBERT F., GARCIA T., SIGARI D., VACCARO C., HOLAKOOEI P., FOSSATI A., LEMBO G., LEMBO G., MOIGNE A.-M., MUTTILLO B., NOMADE S., LASTORIA G., PERETTO C. (2014), La scoperta del PEREIRA A., SHAO Q., RUFO M., SALA B., THUN riparo di Morricone del Pesco. Nuove prospettive HOHENSTEIN U., TESSARI U., TURRINI M.C., VACCARO C. nello studio dell’arte rupestre preistorica (in press) -The Middle Pleistocene site of Guado dell’Italia centro-meridionale, in PERETTO C., San Nicola (Monteroduni, Central Italy) on the ARZARELLO M., ARNAUD J., eds. - Atti del XX Congresso Lower/Middle Palaeolithic transition, Quaternary dell’Associazione Antropologica Italiana , Ferrara, International. 32–41.

26 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 12:00

MAURIZIO ZAMBALDI , DIEGO E. ANGELUCCI , MARTA ARZARELLO

First data on stratigraphy and formation processes at Ciota Ciara cave (Monte Fenera, Borgosesia, Vercelli)

Ciota Ciara is one of the active karstic caves of during MIS 5, in a temperate humid climatic Monte Fenera (Borgosesia, Vercelli). The cave is context, characterized by deciduous open located at 670 metres altitude and was explored in woodland.The intersection among different the 19 th and 20 th centuries – as a matter of fact, habitats, near-by outcrops of lithic raw materials, Ciota Ciara is a key-site for understanding human presence of rockshelters and water were probably occupation in North-Western Italy during the the main factors that fostered human occupation at Upper Pleistocene.Systematic excavations at the Ciota Ciara as well as in other cave sites at Monte site were resumed in 2009 by the University of Fenera (Arzarello et alii 2012; Angelucci et alii Ferrara in partnership with the Soprintendenza 2015). Archeologia del Piemonte, focusing on the cave We here present the first data on the entrance. stratigraphy and formation of the deposit filling the The stratigraphic succession today visible in cave entrance, which was studied by means of the this position corresponds to the lower portion of geoarchaeological approach, using both field and the original entrance deposit, as its upper part was laboratory methods (details in Zambaldi removed in previous excavation campaigns. 2014/2015). Archaeological data collected until now show that In the field, five statigraphic units were defined the cave was used by Neanderthals, probably and furtherly sub-divided into sub-units (fig. 1).

Fig. 1 - Ciota Ciara cave. Cross-section along squares C4, C3 and C2, excavation sector "ATRIO", 2014.

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Most units are sandy-silt, with common to many displacement from the inner cave to its entrance. stones, badly-sorted, massive and show chaotic Post-depositional processes are mainly related to arrangement and fabric. Thin layers of well-sorted secondary accumulation of Fe-Mn oxide and fine sand also occur. Concentrations of Fe-Mn phosphates, to illuviation and to partial dissolution oxides (often coating bones), phosphatic rinds and of dolostone fragments. There are no significant (clay?) coatings are detected in almost all units. discontinuities within the succession, which seems Twenty-two samples were collected from the to have accumulated within the same climatic and units exposed in 2014 to perform textural routine environmental context. analyses (grain size analysis, carbonate content Future analyses (geochemistry, soil and organic matter content). Laboratory results micromorphology…) will help clarifying site show that most units are composed of poorly- formation at Ciota Ciara, by integrating the sorted silty-sand sediment. Two grain size preliminary data exposed here. distributions were detected, although quite similar between them; sand fraction prevails in all the REFERENCES samples and the silt one is common. The coarser ANGELUCCI D.E., ARNAUD J., ARZARELLO M., BERRUTI G.L.F., fraction is mainly composed of dolostone BERRUTO G., BERTÉ D., BERTO C., BUCCHERI F., CASINI fragments detached from the cave roof and walls A.I., DAFFARA S., LUZI E., LÓPEZ -GARCÍA J.M., PERETTO C., and of few sandstone fragments – the latter ZAMBALDI M. (in press) - Borgosesia, Monte Fenera. probably come from geological formations L'occupazione musteriana della grotta della Ciota outcropping at Monte Fenera summit and were Ciara, nuovi dati dalla campagna di scavo 2014, embedded in the sediment by karstic waters. Quaderni della Soprintendenza archeologica del Calcimetry and LOI (Loss on Ignition) analyses Piemonte 30. ARZARELLO M., DAFFARA S., BERRUTI G., BERRUTO G., BERTÉ show that the content of both carbonates and D., BERTO C., GAMBARI F.M. & PERETTO C. (2012) - The organic matter is scarce. Musterian settlement in the Ciota Ciara cave: The The data indicate that the deposit filling Ciota oldest evidence of Homo neanderthalensis in Ciara entrance was mostly laid down by dynamics Piedmont (Northern Italy), Journal of Biological related to concentrated flows emerging from the Research 1(85), 71-75. cave, with inputs of fragments from the ZAMBALDI M. (2014/2015) - La Grotta della Ciota Ciara cave bedrock and occasional events of deposition (Borgosesia, VC): primi contributi per uno studio by surface water currents with tractive geoarcheologico , Master thesis (dir. M. Arzarello), mechanisms. This implies that part of the collected Master Erasmus Mundus Quaternario e Preistoria, assemblage can be in its 'original' position, but that year 2014/2015, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara. some objects may have suffered short-distance

28 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 12:15

MARCO PERESANI , DAVIDE DELPIANO , CAMILLE JÉQUIER , ALESSANDRA LIVRAGHI , MATTEO ROMANDINI

Discovery, excavation and first data from a Quina Mousterian site: De Nadale Cave (Vicenza)

The results achieved from the archaeological skinning, dismembering, and fracturing of the exploration of De Nadale Cave, a new Late Middle carcasses and the long bone shafts for marrow Palaeolithic site recently discovered in the Berici recovery. There is a high number of bone Hills are presented here. A first survey and two retouchers in proportion to the fragmented shaft, field campaigns have brought to light a small cavity used for shaping and rejuvenating different types almost totally filled of sediments embedding one of scrapers. single Mousterian layer sandwitched by sediments The lithic industry is technologically and avoid of any relevant archaeological remain. typologically Quina featured, with several thin and Several economic and cultural aspects make this thick scrapers made of non-local flint due to its site peculiar with respect to the others at the absence in proximity of the site. On-going research regional scale. The faunal remains record the and dating programme will confirm or not the abundance of large ungulates, mostly giant deer, presumed attribution to MIS4 for a so specific but also deer and bovids. Their bone surfaces evidence in the Middle Palaeolithic of the North- traces of human modification produced during by Adriatic rim.

Fig- 1 – Sketch map of part of NE of Italy with position of De Nadale cave (Grotta De Nadale-GD) and the other sites cited in the text: Fumane Cave (Grotta di Fumane-GF), Ghiacciaia Cave (Grotta della Ghiacciaia-GG), Tagliente Rockshelter (Ripato Tagliente-RT), Broion Cave and Broion Rockshelter (Grotta del Broion-GB and Riparo del Broion-RB), San Bernardino Cave and Paina Cave (Grotta Maggiore di San Bernardino-GSB and Grotta di Paina-GP); Gualivone and Monte del Cason (1), Monticello di Barbarano (2), Monte Versa (3).

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Fig. 2 - A. the Vecio Possibile Cave (Covolo del Vecio Possibile) and De Nadale cave (Cuoléto de Nadale) positioned at mid elevation along the southern slope of Monte Spiadi; B. the site during the discovery in 2006; C. the excavation of layer 7 exposed, with scattered bones and lithics; note the entrance of the cavity on the back; D. the N-W section showing layer 7 sandwiched by sterile deposits; E. drawing of the W section showing the inclination of layer 3.

30 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 15:00

MATTEO ROMANDINI , IVANA FIORE , MONICA GALA , ALESSANDRA LIVRAGHI , ANTONIO TAGLIACOZZO , MARCO PERESANI

Neanderthal-raptors interactions in Italy. Evidence and research perspectives.

Analysis and re-analysis of osteological 2004; Fiore et alii 2016, in press; Peresani et alii collections, together with experiments that have 2011; Romandini et alii 2014; Romandini et alii supported the study of the taphonomic evidence, 2016, in press; Livraghi 2015; Jéquier et alii 2015). have reveal new and different perspectives about Another particular aspect concerns the removal the relation Neanderthal-raptors. The incidence of of the claw (Morin, Laroulandie, 2012; Romandini diurnal raptors bones with anthropic evidence, et alii 2014; Radovčić et alii 2015). Because claws recorded across a vast area from Europe till the are not compatible with human consumption, they Levant suggests that Neanderthals may have stem from non-subsistence activities and rather, exploited black feathered birds in a number of sites serve as ornaments due to their length and (Finlayson et alii 2012). In some cases, alimentary curvature and the possibility to suspend them in exploitation has been excluded because the specific different ways. This interpretation of pedal selection of the plumage and claws is clearly phalanxes used as items of symbolic expression, expressed by the presence of precisely localized cut suspended isolated or still connected to the entire marks produced during the removal of each remix feet has also been supported from the over- feather from the middle-distal wing or the removal representation of raptor foot bones recorded in the of the claw (fig. 1). In Italy, evidence of interactions between large Upper Palaeolithic at Meged (Kuhn et alii 2004) raptors and hominins is very scanty if not and Ohalo II (Simmons, Nadel 1998). ephemeral. Across the peninsula six raptor species The data that we present here provide reinforce have been confirmed as having been exploited by support for symbolically-behavior in this Neanderthals (tab. 1; fig. 1) at Fumane Cave, Rio population in Italy and Mediterranean Europe Secco Cave and Nadale Cave: Golden Eagle, Greater (Peresani in press) spotted eagle, Eurasian black vulture, Bearded Vulture, Red-footed falcon and Merlin (Fiore et alii

Date - (REF) Period - SITE (Layer) Kyr BP or Taxon NISP/CM NISP/BUR TM REF Tecnocomplex MIS

NADALE (7) 70 cf. Aegypius monachus MP - QUINA 1 L 15 FUMANE (A12) MIS 3 Aquila chrysaetos (PHA) MP - LEVALLOIS 1 F 04; R 14 RIO SECCO (7) 48-49 Aquila chrysaetos (PHA) 1 R 14 R 16 ( in FUMANE (A9) 48-49 cf. Gypaetus barbatus MP - DISCOID 1 press ) cf. Aegypius monachus 2 Aquila clanga 1 Falco columbarius 1 1 Falco columbarius/vespertinus 1 FUMANE (A5-A6) 40-45 Gypaetus cf. barbatus MP - LEVALLOIS 1 P11 Falco vespertinus 1

Tab. 1: Syntetic dataset of the exploitation of raptors (bone remains and claws with antropic marks or modifications), during the Middle Paleolthic in Italy. Abbreviations : MP = ; PHA = phalange; CM = Cut-marks; B = Burned; TM= Tooth Mark ; F 04 = Fiore et alii 2004; L 15 = Livraghi 2015; P 11 = Peresani et alii 2011; R 14 = Romandini et alii 2014 ; R 16 = Romandini et alii 2016.

31 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Fig. 1 - 1. Grotta di Fumane. cf. Aegypius monachus: 1A, ulna diaphysis fragment with cut-marks ascribed to the recovery of the feathers and the cleaning of the bones; 1B (° red), SEM image, detail of the striae in the mid zone of the fragment; 1C (° yellow), detail of the striae in proximity of the papilla remigalis close to the distal fracture. 2. Grotta di Fumane. cf. Aegypius monachus: 2A, left distal carpometacarpus; 2B, detail of wear traces; 2C, detail of cut marks. 3. Grotta di Fumane. Aquila chrysaetos: 3A, pedal phalanges whit striae of disarticulation; 3BC, details of cut marks. 4. Rio Secco. Aquila cf. chrysaetos, complete terminal pedal phalanx. Numbers, 1–6, indicate the localization of the anthropic traces

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REFERENCES 7 (3), e32856. FINLAYSON C., BROWN K., BLASCO R., ROSELL J., NEGRO J.-J., PERESANI M. (in press) - What the Southern European BORTOLOTTI G.-R., FINLAYSON G., SÁNCHEZ MARCO A., record tells us about the evolution of symbolic GILES PACHECO F., RODRÍGUEZ VIDAL J., CARRIÓN J.-S., FA culture, in CONARD N.J., ed. - Symbolic D.-A., RODRÍGUEZ LLANES J.-M. (2012) - Birds of a communication and modern culture . 57th Annual Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Meeting H. Obermaier Society, Special Session, Corvids. PlosONE 7(9), e45927. Prehistory. Kerns Verlag, Tubingen. FIORE I., GALA M., TAGLIACOZZO A. (2004) - Ecology and PERESANI M., FIORE I., GALA M., ROMANDINI M., subsistence strategies in the eastern Italian Alps TAGLIACOZZO A. (2011) - Late Neanderthals and the during the Middle Paleolithic, International Journal intentional removal of feathers as evidenced from bird bone taphonomy at Fumane Cave 44 ky B.P., of Osteoarchaeology 14 (3/4), 273-286. Italy, Proceedings of the National Academy of FIORE I., GALA M., ROMANDINI M., COCCA E., TAGLIACOZZO Sciences of the of America 108 (10), A., PERESANI M. (2016, in press) -From feathers to 3888–3893. food: reconstructing the complete exploitation of RADOVČIĆ D., SRŠEN A. O., RADOVČIĆ J., FRAYER D.W. (2015) avifaunal resources by Neanderthals at Grotta di - Evidence for Neandertal Jewelry: Modified Fumane, unit A9, in BLASCO R., PERESANI M., eds. - White-Tailed Eagle Claws at , PLoS ONE 10 Hominid-bird interactions in Prehistory . XVII UISPP (3), e0119802. Congress, Session B8. Quaternary International. ROMANDINI M., PERESANI M., LAROULANDIE V., METZ L., LIVRAGHI A. (2015, in press) - Analisi archeozoologica PASTOORS A., VAQUERO M., SLIMAK L. (2014) - del livello musteriano del sito del Cuoléto de Nadale Convergent Evidence of Eagle Talons Used by Late sui Colli Berici (Zovencedo, VI) . Università degli Neanderthals in Europe: A Further Assessment on Studi di Ferrara. Master Thesis. Symbolism, PLoS ONE 9 (7), e101278. JÉQUIER C., PERESANI M., ROMANDINI M., DELPIANO D., ROMANDINI M., FIORE I., GALA M., CESTARI M., TAGLIACOZZO LEMBO G., LIVRAGHI A., LÒPEZ -GARCÌA J-M., OBRADOVIC A., GUIDA G., PERESANI M. (2016, in press) - M. (2015) - The De Nadale Cave, a single layered Neanderthal scraping and manual handling of Quina Mousterian site in the North of Italy, vulture wing bones: evidence from Fumane cave. Quartär 62, 7-21. Experimental activities and comparison, in BLASCO KUHN S.L., STINER M.C., GÜLEÇ E., ÖZER I., YLMAZ H., R., PERESANI M., eds. - Hominid-bird interactions in BAYKARA I., AÒIKKOL A., GOLDBERG P., MOLINA K.M., Prehistory . XVII UISPP Congress, Session B8. Quaternary International. ÜNAY E., SUATA -ALPASLAN F. (2009) - The early SIMMONS T., NADEL D. (1998) - The avifauna of the Early Upper Paleolithic occupations at Üçağizli Cave site of Ohalo II (19,400 B.P.), : (Hatay, ), Journal of 56 species diversity, habitat and seasonality, Internat. (2), 87-113. Journal of Osteoarchaeology 8(2), 79-96. MORIN E., LAROULANDIE V. (2012) - Presumed symbolic

use of diurnal raptors by Neanderthals, PLoS ONE

33 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 15:15

DAVIDE DELPIANO , MARCO PERESANI , ANDREAS PASTOORS

Analizing a Discoid chaîne opératoire through a 3D refittin .

The increasing awareness of Discoid débitage core. The Discoid débitage method is strictly concept application in the Lower and Middle applied in its bifacial exploitation variant, achieving Palaeolithic assemblages had to pass first through a the production of centripetal and debordant flakes semantic dimension linked mainly to morphology, despite the several flaking accidents. and then through a preliminary definition In order to test new approaches aimed at distinguishing it from the Levallois method. While improving the understanding of the reduction its improved comprehension went through the sequence, a structured light 3D scanner was used study and mental refitting of well-known to get the scan of the single flakes. The entire archaeological collections, we think that its techno- sequence was then refitted also in a virtual space productive variability should be tested thanks to using an open source software, that contributed to the analysis of real multiple refittings which, a better technical and morpho-metrical however, are very rare in the European Palaeolithic investigation of the present as well as the absent record of Discoid tradition. artifacts. The informative contribution of a 3D The remarkable discovery of a small support is also remarkable: the refitting, submitted concentration of lithic artifacts in the discoid layer on an online open source platform, turned to be an of Fumane Cave (Unit A9) could be of great ideal spreading tool thanks to its strong impact and significance in this sense; the concentration is easiness to generate contacts and discussions. related to a workshop waste consisting in about Acknowledgments : the authors are very grateful to twenty artifacts obtained from a single reduction the in Mettmann () sequence. As evidenced by the refitting, an entire in the person of Dr. A. Pastoors for his kind discoid chaîne opératoire is carried out from the permission to the use of the structured light initial decortication stage, through the full Breuckmann SmartScan 3D. production, until the abandonment of the residual

Fig.1 - Fumane Cave (Unit A9). Discoid core.

34 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 15:30

ELENA ROSSONI -NOTTER , OLIVIER NOTTER , SUZANNE SIMONE , PATRICK SIMON

Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia): research studies of the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology of Monaco regarding Acheulean and Mousterian technic behaviors. New insights and future programs in Prince cave

For the annual meeting organized by the Istituto petroarcheology, technotypology, Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria and the technofunctionality and morphofunctionality. Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia, Storia, the Acheulean Br1 (MIS 6) and Br2 (MIS 7) knappers Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology of Monaco shared numerous techniques, methods and aims of reports the results recently obtained on the lithic production. Both groups favored the collect of material of Prince cave. For the first time, the work calcareous pebbles for their shaping activities and covers the complete sequence (Acheulean and kept the local and ligurian semi-local siliceous Mousterian units), as a contribution to the ongoing materials (Ciotti and Perinaldo flints, current discussions regarding the Old Paleolithic microquartzite of San Remo/Bordighera) for their occupations in the ligurian-provençal region. debitage. Their artefacts show the use of direct Prince cave (Liguria, Italy) takes part of Balzi percussions with hard (debitage, shaping of sharp Rossi complex of sites, which is located on the edges) and soft hammer (confection of tools), and border between Menton (France) and Ventimiglia bipolar technique (transformation of the matrices (Italy), among sea and mountains and on the of pebble tools). Their objectives of debitage divide ligurian-provençal corridor. This cavity, situated at into two main productions: large flakes according the extreme east of the complex, represents the to non-standardized patterns and smaller, widest one as it measures 34 m length on 9 m lengthened products, which composed the toolkits. width, for 16 m in its entrance. Oriented northwest These last products come from Discoïds (unifacial southeast according to the axis of a fault, it opens to and bifacial), Levallois (unipolar, bipolar and the South, with a threshold at 8, 30 m (MASL). centripetal), SSDA and centripetal operating Moreover, it should be noted that this site is the sequences; rotating and orthogonal methods were only cave within the complex of Balzi Rossi that only testified in Br2. Besides, several behavioral never delivered later and longer Upper Paleolithic differences were noticed. The oldest industry, Br2 occupations, possibly because of the impact of its (n=290), consists essentially of debitage products filling. Its surveys initiated very early, before that were mainly retouched (scrapers, Clactonian drawing the attention of Prince Albert the 1st of notches, beaks, denticulates, points, points of Tayac, Monaco. Indeed, from 1895 until 1902, the filling of awls, end-scrapers) and testify of a quite vast raw 21, 60 m depth was searched in a systematic and material procurement territory (≥20 km to the East pioneering way by the canon Leonce de Villeneuve, and ≥30 km to the West). These artefacts are who reached the substratum of the cavity - yellow associated to three bifacial elements, among which and green Cenomanian marls overlapped by Upper one bifacial piece analyzed as a blank of tool and limestone. Five Mousterian units (A-E) functionally comparable to chopping-tools. The based upon a Tyrrhenian marine formation (5e) corpus of Br1, although poorer in material (n=159), were unearthed. Much later, new excavations admits a better representation and a higher variety conducted between 1966 and 2002 by Louis Barral of shaped tools: choppers, peaks, , and Suzanne Simone highlighted the presence of chopping-tools, handaxes, rostro-carinates and Acheulean deposits through a cross-section located épannelés. And, the resources exploited illustrate in the eastern and posterior part of the cave that exclusively local and ligurian semi-local included two continental breccias, Br2 (MIS 7) and procurements (≥20 to the East). These Br1 (MIS 6). An iliac bone (n°193) of observations highlight at first sight economic and preneandertalian, discovered at the basis of Br2, technical disparity, with a pre-Mousterian behavior was dated from 220 000 ± 120 / 50ka and (Br2) predating a final Acheulean one (Br1). attributed to a female adult. Nevertheless, other components (e.g. spatial Acheulean and Mousterian assemblages - distribution, function of occupations) have to be excavated by the teams of Monaco since the end of worked out before being able to confirm these the XIXth century until 2002 - were recently the distinctive reports. purposes of new researches, undertaken with With regard to the successive Mousterian exhaustive and plural methods: historiography, occupations, which extend from OIS 5 to 3, the

35 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) studies reveal certain constancy in the techno- SSDA methods were also identified. The oldest economic strategies. Available pebbles (littoral, corpuses give somehow evidence of distinctive Ciotti, ligurian sector) remained preferred, items including the production of large flakes, the although the presence of isolated products confection of pebble tools, Mousterian points, demonstrates wider territories of procurements limaces, and the use of scaled retouches. These for certain groups, in particular to the west (Esterel features are not involved within the superior and North of the Var region, 70 km for A and D industries (A-B-C) which refer to Mousterian units; bow of Castellane, 35 km; Apt-Forcalquier typical cultures and certainly report other sector, 140 km for E unit). In the oldest and richest functional occupations. units (D- E), Levallois (unipolar, centripetal These researches allowed bringing new insights recurrent) and Laminar (unipolar, bipolar and details relative to the behavior and technical recurrent) productions are standardized and choices of Prince cave palaeolithic groups, and oriented towards lengthened products, blades and raised other epistemological issues. Fieldworks points. Toolkits indicate preferential shaping of (excavations, dating) and further studies scrapers, occasionally singulars, and retouched (unpublished material) are already in progress to points. Discoïds, unifacial and bifacial, as well as enlighten the debate.

Fig. 1 – Cultural aspects of Prince Cave compared with others Ligurian and Southern-Farnce sites.

REFERENCES région de et grottes de Grimaldi .IXe congres BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1968) - Découverte de U.I.S.P.P. Livret-guide de l'excursion, Nice, 113- Paléolithique inferieur dans la grotte du Prince 122. (Grimaldi, Ligurie italienne), L'Anthropologie 72 BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1984) - Grotta del Principe. Scavi (5-6), 531-536. e scoperte 1976 e 1981, in MELLI P., ed. - BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1970a) - Les formations de la Archeologia in Liguria II, Genova : Soprintendenza mer du Mindel-Riss et les brèches à ossements della Liguria, 227, 232. rissiennes de la Grotte du Prince (Grimaldi, Ligurie BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1987) - Grotta del Principe, in italienne), Bulletin du Musée d'Anthropologie MELLI P., DEL LUCCHESE A., eds - Archeologia in Préhistorique de Monaco 15, 5-90. Liguria III.1, Scavi e scoperte 1982 e 1986 . Genova : BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1970b) - Scavi nella grotta del Soprintendenza della Liguria, 177-184. Principe (Grimaldi, Liguria), Rivista di Scienze ROSSONI -NOTTER E. (2011) - Les cultures moustériennes Preistoriche XXV (1), 301-308. des Balzi Rossi, Grimaldi, Ligurie. Les collections du BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1971) - Le Pléistocène moyen Prince Albert 1er de Monaco. Thèse de doctorat, (Mindel-Riss et Riss) à la grotte du Prince Université de Perpignan. (Grimaldi, Ligurie italienne), Quaternaria XV, ROSSONI -NOTTER E., SIMON P. (2016, in press) - 167-173. Pétroarchéologie et techno-économie: pour une BARRAL L., SIMONE S. (1976). La Grotte du Prince, Le valorisation des collections moustériennes des Pléistocène moyen, in Sites paléolithiques de la Balzi Rossi (Grimaldi, Vintimille, Ligurie, Italie), in

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Ressources lithiques, productions et transferts entre SIMONE S. (1997) - L'activité scientifique du Musée Alpes et Méditerranée. Séance de la société d'Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco aux préhistorique française, SPF, 28 et 29 Mars 2013, Rochers-Rouges (grotte du Prince), in Balzi Rossi Nice (France). 1846-1996, 150 anni di preistorie tra collezionismo ROSSONI -NOTTER E., NOTTER O., SIMON P. (2016a, in e indagine scientifica . Pre-atti dell’Incontro, press) - Mousterian in Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Ventimiglia, 1-2 febbraio, 24. Liguria, Italy): New insights and old collections, SIMONE S. (2008) - Le Pléistocène moyen de la grotte QuaternaryInternational 37. http://dx.doi.org/ du Prince (Ligurie italienne), in 1895 e 2005: Bilan 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.059 et perspectives des connaissances sur les ROSSONI -NOTTER E., NOTTER O., SIMONE S., SIMON P. peuplements néandertaliens et les premiers (2016b, in press) - Acheulean breccia of Prince hommes modernes de l'Europe méditerranéenne. cave (Liguria, Italy): new insights and regional Colloque Histoire et actualité de l'œuvre issues, Quaternary International . scientifique de S.A.S. Le Prince Albert Ier de SIMONE S. (1970) - Les formations de la mer du Monaco place sous le Haut Patronage de S.A.S. le Mindel-Riss et les brèches à ossements rissiennes Prince Rainier III de Monaco, 2 mars 2005. de la grotte du Prince (Grimaldi, Ligurie Archives de l'institut de Paléontologie Humaine, italienne), Bulletin du Musée d'Anthropologie Mémoire39, 89-93. préhistorique de Monaco 15, 5-90.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 15:45

GÉRARD ONORATINI , ALMUDENA ARELLANO , PIERRE ELIE MOULLÉ , LUCIEN JOURDAN

The Palaeolithic sequence of the Barma Grande Cave (Ventimiglia, Imperia) from the Bonfils excavations

The study of the material preserved at the The oldest layer found by Bonfils in this deposit Musee de Prehistoire Regionale de Menton allows of the Barma Grande is ascribed to a recent us to reconstruct the different Palaeolithic cultures Mousterien. evident in the deposit. The upper stratigraphic sequence (over nearly nine meters) contains more REFERENCES recent deposits attributable to the Upper BULGARELLI G.M. (1974) - Industrie Musteriana della Palaeolithic from which one can identify the Barma Grande ai Balzi Rossi di Grimaldi (Liguria,) different stages. From Riviere's excavations we Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia know that the higher levels of the site contain Umana II, 9l-129. Upper Epigravettian (Bouverien) material. OCTOBON F.C.E. (1952) - Contribution à l’étude des Moreover, we can confirm the presence of this level couches supérieures de la Barma Grande, Cahiers de Préhistoire et d’Archéologie l, Bordighera : IISL, in the Bonfils excavations with the existence of 1-22. early Epigravettian (Arenian), Noaillian Gravettian, ONORATINI G., COMBIER J. (1999) - Les Gravettiens de la Early Gravettian with arrows, and, finally , a level Bourgogne à la Méditerranée. Relation avec le of typical Aurignacian. In 1884 the discovery by gravettien oriental, inAMIRKHANOF H.A., ed. - Le Bonfils and Jullien of a sepulchre from the ancient Gravettien oriental . Colloque International Zaraik- Gravettian , 'The New Man of Menton', further Moscou Academy of Science. Institute of increased interest in the site. Archaeology. Moscou Scientific World, 90-124.

Fig.1 - Schematic cross-section of the Barma Grande Cave (Balzi Rossi).

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ONORATINI G., RAUX A., VICINO G., GIACOBINI G. (1997) - Bulletin du Musée d'Anthropologie préhistorique de Découverte du Noaillien dans la Barma Grande Monaco 48, 61-74. (fouilles de Bonfils 1884) implications sur l'âge ONORATINI G., ARELLANO A., DEL LUCCHESE A., MOULLÉ P.- des vénus et du "Nouvel Homme de Menton", in E., SERRE F. (2011a) - The Barma Grande cave Balzi Rossi 1846-1996, 150 anni di preistorie tra (Grimaldi, Vintimiglia, Italy): from neandertal collezionismo e indagine scientifica . Pre-atti hunter of «Elephas antiquus» to sapiens with dell’Incontro, Ventimiglia, 1-2 febbraio, 10-11. ornaments of ivory, ONORATINI G., COMBIER J., BARONI I., ARELLANO -MOULLE A., QuaternaryInternational 30, 1-17. JORIS C. (2001) - from Upper ONORATINI G., SIMON P., NEGRINO F., CAUCHE D., MOULLÉ P.- Palaeolithic sites in the Ardèche (France), in La E, ARELLANO A., BORGIA V., VOYTEK B., ARRIGHI S. terra degli elefanti . Atti del 1° Congresso (2011b) - Du sud de la montagne de Lure aux internazionale, Roma 16-20 ottobre, 328-330. sépultures de Grimaldi : le silex zoné stampien « ONORATINI G., SIMON P., NEGRINO F. (2009) - Aires dit du Largue » un matériau de prestige du d’approvisionnement en roches siliceuses au Paléolithique supérieur Liguro-Provençal, Bulletin Paléolithique supérieur en Provence du Musée d'Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco orientale:le site Noaillien du Gratadis (Var), 51, 51-74.

Fig. 2 - Cultural sequence of the Barma Grande Cave (Balzi Rossi).

39 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 16:00

VINCENZO SPAGNOLO , DANIELE AURELI , ASTOLFO ARAUJO , CLAUDIO BERTO , FRANCESCO BOSCHIN , GIULIA CAPECCHI , JACOPO CREZZINI , MARGHERITA FREGUGLIA , JEAN JAQUES HUBLIN , GIULIA MARCIANI , GUIDO MONTANARI -CANINI , FABIO PARENTI , SIMONA ARRIGHI , SAHRA TALAMO , ADRIANA MORONI

The sea destroys, the sea preserves. New evidence on last Neandertals in Central Italy from Grotta di Cala dei Santi (Grosseto)

Grotta di Cala dei Santi or Grotta dei Santi since the mid 1800’s (Salvagnoli, Marchetti 1843; (Monte Argentario – Grosseto – Tuscany) opens at Nicolucci 1869) it is only in 1959 that the the base of a high cliff directly onto the sea, 200 m stratigraphy of the site was first described in detail N-NW from Punta dell’Avoltore, on the south- by A.G. Segre (Segre 1959) after he had visited the eastern side of the Argentario Promontory. cave in 1953. Nowadays the cave, whose entrance is located 4 Present investigations at Grotta dei Santi, m a.s.l., can be reached exclusively by boat. Only carried out by the University of Siena in the rear two-thirds of the approximately 10 m thick collaboration with the Italian Institute of Human deposit filling the vast cavity is still in situ as its Palaeontology, the University of Pisa, the Brazilian fore-part was eroded and emptied by the Holocene Universities of São Paulo and Curitiba and the Max marine ingression. If the position of the cave Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology directly onto the sea has preserved the site from (Lipzig – Germany), have been planned in possible looters over the years, it nevertheless still agreement with the Soprintendenza Archeologia represents a risk as waves continue to reach the della Toscana after a number of on-the-spot base of the deposit during the strongest winter inspections and stratigraphic tests between 2006 storms. Even though the presence of prehistoric and 2007 (Freguglia et alii 2007). artefacts at Grotta dei Santi had been reported Except for sporadic occupations occurring

Fig. 1 - Grotta di Cala dei Santi (Grosseto). Excavation area wide-angle.

40 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) during the Roman period at the top of the comparison with the so-called Pontinian techno- sequence, up to now the only evidence of the complexes of Mount Circeo (Latium coast) human presence in the cave belongs to the Middle immediately arises. However the lithic materials Palaeolithic. examined up to now seem to display blank The years from 2008 to 2013 were mainly production and transformation systems different devoted to the removing of the sediment covering from the Pontinian ones. the undisturbed deposit (Freguglia et alii 2008; Moroni Lanfredini et alii 2010). This work led to REFERENCES the discovery of several anthropic layers which can CREZZINI J., MORONI A. (2012) - Archeozoologia. La be grouped into three main macro-units. These ricostruzione del comportamento umano layers are, in most cases, very thin living floors, dall’esame dei resti faunistici recuperati nei siti bearing one or more fire-places, and are separated archeologici, Etruria Natura IX, 36-43. from each other by sterile sediment or by layers FREGUGLIA M., GAMBOGI P., MILANI L., MORONI LANFREDINI containing phosphatic concretions (coprolites) A., RICCI S. (2007) - Monte Argentario (GR). Cala morphologically attributable to spottedhyena dei Santi: Grotta dei Santi, Notiziario della (Crocuta crocuta spelaea ) (Crezzini, Moroni 2012). Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Palynological analyses are ongoing on these Toscana 3, 488-491. coprolites from different layers. The analysis of FREGUGLIA M., BERNARDINI F., BOSCHIAN G., CAVANNA C., faunal remains (micro and macro fauna) and the CREZZINI J., GAMBOGI P., LONGO L., MILANI L., MORONI geological study allowed for a preliminary framing LANFREDINI A., PARENTI F., RICCI S. (2008) - Monte of the whole Mousterian sequence within the first Argentario (GR). Cala dei Santi: Grotta dei Santi, Notiziario della Soprintendenza per i Beni part of MIS3. Such an attribution has been Archeologici della Toscana 4, 377-380. confirmed by a recent 14 C date performed (at the MORONI LANFREDINI A., FREGUGLIA M., BERNARDINI F., Max Planck Institute) on collected in a BOSCHIAN G., CAVANNA C., CREZZINI J, GAMBOGI P., fire-place from the lower horizon (Moroni et alii in LONGO L., MILANI L., PARENTI F., RICCI S. (2010) - preparation). On-going investigations have clearly Nuove ricerche alla Grotta dei Santi (Monte highlighted the importance of this site in order to Argentario, Grosseto), in NEGRONI CATACCHIO N., ed. reconstruct paleoenvironmental aspects and - L’Alba dell’Etruria. Fenomeni di Continuità e peopling dynamics concerning last Neandertals in trasformazione nei secoli XII-VIII a.C . Atti del Nono Central Italy before their demise. More complete Incontro di Studi Preistoria e Protostoria in data are available for the upper living floor (150A) Etruria. Ricerche e scavi I, Valentano (Vt) – of horizon 150. The taphonomic study of macro- Pitigliano (Gr), 12-14 Settembre 2008, 649-662. faunal remains allowed for detecting traces NICOLUCCI G. (1869) - Di alcune armi ed utensili in connected to different steps of carcass butchering. pietra rinvenuti nelle provincie meridionali d’Italia , The lithic assemblage has been analyzed through Mem Atti R. Acc. Sc. Fis. Mat, 3 (6). the technological and functional (use-wear traces) SALVAGNOLI A., MARCHETTI A. (1843) - Armi e utensili approaches. Outcomes resulting from these studies nella grotta de’ Santi presso il Monte Argentario, in were inserted in a GIS platform, specially provided; Atti V Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani , 264. this made it possible to identify different activity SEGRE A. G. (1959) - Giacimenti pleistocenici con fauna areas, also related with the fire-place. Given the e industria litica a Monte Argentario (Grosseto), eco-geographic position of Grotta dei Santi a direct Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche XIV (1-4), 1-18.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 16:15

RAFFAELE SARDELLA , MASSIMO MASSUSSI , DAWID ADAM IURINO , ILARIA MAZZINI , LUCA BELLUCCI , ANDREA BILLI , MAURO BRILLI , FRANCESCA GIUSTINI , GIUSEPPE LEMBO , BENIAMINO MECOZZI , BRUNELLA MUTTILLO , ANTONIA SCIANCALEPORE , SONIA TUCCI

Grotta Romanelli (Castro, Lecce) awakens: legacies, issues and developments in excavating a site symbol of the Palaeolithic in Europe

Grotta Romanelli has been considered a key site Despite decades of researches many open issues for prehistoric studies in Italy, since the beginning need to be investigated and clarified about the age of the XX century. The cave, located on the Adriatic of the lower deposits (“terre rosse”) due the coast of southern (Italy), was discovered in apparent contradiction of the supposed archaicity 1871, but only in 1900 the remarkable importance of the lithic artefacts and the vertebrate fauna. of the site, as the first report of the Palaeolithic in In 2013, the team from Sapienza Università di Italy, was realised by P.E. Stasi. In 1914, G.A. Blanc Roma, together with the Archeozoology laboratory started a pioneering excavation campaign, during of the Pigorini Museum (Rome), started a detailed which the first systematic palaeontological and study of fossil carnivores from Grotta Romanelli, stratigraphical study with scientific methods was with a particular focus on canid remains coming performed. from the so-called “terre rosse” Level G. This study Innovative techniques were applied for the first represented the first revision work of the time in Italy, such as the first C14 dating on the palaeontological material from this important site. fossil humic acids extracted from the deposits in In 2015, the reopening of the excavation 1958. The cave and its deposits were the object of campaign after more than 40 years broke the spell extensive studies until the end of the 70ies, when of inactivity in the field. The first excavation the site fell in a sort of oblivion. campaign took place during late summer 2015. The The stratigraphic section of Grotta Romanelli is first purpose was to evaluate the conservation delimited at the bottom by a marine status of the fossiliferous deposits. The second aim referred to the Tyrrhenian Stage (MIS 5), which was to approach the excavation with a strongly constrains the whole sequence to the Late multidisciplinary perspective, not limited to the Pleistocene. The in-filling deposits are considered infilling deposit. Thus, a preliminary survey of the mainly of eolian origin and can be subdivided into surroundings of the cave took place as well, in two main parts: (1) the upper “terre brune” order to obtain new chronological data and bearing upper Paleolithic lithic tools and a “cold” updated information on the origin of the cave and vertebrate fauna including Pinguinus impennis ; (2) the deposit, and samples have been collected for the lower “terre rosse” bearing a diversified geochemical analyses. The groundwork for new vertebrate fauna and middle Palaeolithic limestone studies regarding the stratigraphy, the artefacts. palaeontological and archaeological material has been laid.

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Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 17:00

ENZA E. SPINAPOLICE

Neanderthal mobility pattern and technological organization in the Salento Mousterian

The present interest in Neanderthal settlement of a common strategy across the whole region. system and land use comes from the intent to The displacement of exotic implements over the understand behavioural differences in comparison Salento was thus embedded into a system of local with the Homo sapiens , particularly in the sources exploitation and importing of exotic tools, chronological frame of the Upper Pleistocene, whose use lives were implemented by tool immediately preceding . I maintenance. The utilization of local sources was will present the results from the technological indeed regulated on the efficiency and reliability study of five Mousterian sites (Grotta Romanelli, (sensu Bleed 1989) of the transported toolkits. Grotta Uluzzo C, Grotta Mario Bernardini, Grotta This assumption opens some perspectives on Torre dell’Alto, Grotta dei Giganti), showing the occupation of the Southern Salento by technological organization, curation and Neanderthals. This was probably linked to the expediency behavior and corresponding to a provisioning of non–lithic resources (i.e. water, logistical mobility. game and vegetal resources). The occupation of a The availability of raw material together with its vast plain characterized by a high biodiversity can quality and morphology, strongly influences the be related to a supply of game fitting with the idea technical systems during the Middle Palaeolithic. that Neanderthals must have relied heavily on The Salento is an appropriate region to analyse this animal in the poor environment of relationship, because of the peculiarity in raw Pleistocene Europe, home range sizes and levels of material availability and therefore, management. In logistical mobility being determined by prey fact, while in general during the “Middle abundance and distribution. For that reason, Palaeolithic”, very high quantities of local raw Neanderthal should have maintained very large materials were exploited, (between 90 and 100% territories (1400-5400 km 2) (Walker, Churchill of assemblages) (Turq et alii 2013), the Salento 2014). Supplies of raw materials and game shows a different pattern (Spinapolice 2008). probably were managed on two opposite sides, the Together with the exploitation of local raw first focused towards the north, where the rocks materials, such as siliceous limestone, limestone come from, the second towards the south. The and shells, we described (Spinapolice 2012) the concept of "embeddness" of provisioning of lithic raw material coming from distant sources, raw materials (Binford 1979) is questioned here. probably not less than 100 km away. This remote The combination of planning the subsistence space is incorporated into the territory of strategy and flexibility in the use of raw materials Neanderthal groups since the non-local materials is becoming part of our understanding of (flint, jasper and quartzite) are present in varying , characterized by a quantities in all the sites examined. fragmentation of stone working in space, time and The technology in the Salento Mousterian is social dimensions and a planned and complex strongly characterised by the large use of the organization, until recently considered as Levallois method, as it happens in most Mousterian distinctive to modern Homo sapiens . sites in Italy. This technology is coupled with the presence of less systematic knapping methods and REFERENCES techniques (such as anvil percussion). Levallois is BINFORD L. R. (1979) - Organization and formation the only method constantly present, although in processes: looking at curated . Journal different proportions, in all the assemblages: these of anthropological research, 255-273.Bleed, P. knapping sequences aim to obtain as much blanks (1986). The optimal design of hunting weapons: as possible from a single core and thus are very maintainability or reliability, American antiquity , long, reaching the complete exhaustion of the cores. 737-747. Concerning the retouched items, the tool kits SPINAPOLICE E. (2012) - Raw material economy in clearly suggests a combination of “curation Salento (Apulia, Italy): new perspectives on Neanderthal mobility patterns, Journal of strategy” (in the form of imported tools and archaeological science 39(3), 680-689. personal gear) and “expedient strategy” (large SPINAPOLICE E. (2008) - Technologie lithique et amounts of tools and blanks produced on the spot), circulation des matières premières au Paléolithique likely reflecting an organized land use in the frame moyen dans le Salento (Pouilles, Italie méridionale):

43 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

perspectives comportementales . Doctoral WALKER C. S., CHURCHILL S. E. (2014) - Territory size in dissertation, Bordeaux 1. canis lupus: implications for neandertal mobility, TURQ A., ROEBROEKS W., BOURGUIGNON L., FAIVRE J. P. in Reconstructing Mobility, Springer US, pp. 209- (2013) - The fragmented character of Middle 226. Palaeolithic stone tool technology, Journal of human evolution 65(5), 641-655.

44 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 17:15

FRANCESCA ROMAGNOLI , JAVIER BAENA , LUCIA SARTI

New perspectives in the study of Middle Palaeolithic shell technology: understanding raw material performance, technical procedures and Neanderthal socio-economic strategies with a multidisciplinary approach.

Introduction The archaeological sample Shell technology has been a common To create a methodological reference in the Neanderthal adaptation to coastal environment. It study of Neanderthal shell technology we is attested in the Mediterranean basin between associated experimental archaeology to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and MIS 3 at analysis of lithic and shell archaeological Kalamakia Cave in and in twelve coastal assemblages found at (Nardò, sites in Italy (Dantoni 1980; Vitagliano 1984; Palma Lecce – southeast of Italy). The thick sequence is di Cesnola 2001; Darlas 2007; Douka, Spinapolice well known and covers a chronology from MIS 5a 2012; Romagnoli et alii 2015a). Retouched shell to the final Upper Palaeolithic (Sarti et alii 1998- tools have been identified since the end of 1950s 2000; Benazzi et alii 2011; Romagnoli et alii in (Blanc 1958-61). Until now these tools have been press). Recent excavations along the Middle only analysed with a typological approach and Palaeolithic sequence have been directed by Lucia usually catalogued as “shell scrapers” without Sarti and have investigated the deposit on further description. In the last years we studied approximately 12 m2. The micro-stratigraphic approach and the sieving of all the sediments shell tools from a behavioural viewpoint. The study allowed to collect in layer L 126 shell retouched was designed to test four main research elements in addition to several non-retouched hypotheses: fragments of C. chione, Glycimeris sp., and few 1) Shell technology was a cultural choice, well others marine bivalves and gastropods (Romagnoli integrated into the technical and economic et alii 2015a). Only C. chione was retouched. Layer organisation of the human group, and not an L has been dated according to bio-environmental expedient response to the lack of high quality lithic markers and sediments to the transition MIS 5–MIS raw material. 4. The retouched shells are well preserved by 2) Shell as raw material is different from stone, taphonomic processes and their morpho-technical which means different vantages and disadvantages attributes are well readable (fig. 1 A-B). in its use in comparison with lithic. 3) The morpho-technical characteristics of shell Shell technology and Neanderthal Quina behaviour tool were due to specific functional constraints, We have (i) reconstructed the production implying a selection of the raw material at the sequence of C. chione tools (Romagnoli et alii beginning of the chaîne opératoire. 2015a), (ii) evaluated the technological costs of this 4) Shell tools were effective in specific activities production (Romagnoli 2015), (iii) identified the and with specific mode of operation. technical gestures and procedures used to We created a new multidisciplinary analytic manufacture the retouch (Romagnoli et alii 2015b), method. It was conceived to allow comparisons (iv) analysed the economic value of these tools between shell collections and between lithic and within the mobility strategy of the human group shell assemblages. Methodology was organised in and the organisation of the whole techno-complex (ibidem), and (v) interpreted the functional several parts: taxonomy, taphonomy, analysis of potential of shell tools (Romagnoli et alii 2015c). the internal structure of the shell, morpho- Our results suggest that Neanderthals selected technical analysis of shell tool, technical analysis of whole valves approximately 8 cm along the the retouched cutting edge, functional analysis, and anterior-posterior axis and retouched them on the experimental archaeology. ventral margin, always on the internal surface. Results contributed to the knowledge of Middle Valves were collected after the death of the mollusc. Palaeolithic variability, and to the comprehension This metric standard ensured an optimal shell of mechanisms of Neanderthal technical strength during use (Vasconcelos et alii 2011). innovations. Furthermore our research is the first No lateral preference in valve selection has been investigation of the technical modalities of identified. The tools had a continuous active edge Neanderthal adaptation to the coastal environment.

45 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) with scalar, stepped retouch and convex longitudinal linear movement for cutting and curve delineation both in frontal and in top view. Retouch transverse movement for shaving off (Romagnoli et was performed through the association of two alii 2015c). Preliminary analysis of polishing (fig. 1 tangential gestures using limestone or sandstone C-F) on archaeological tools supports this data flat pebble. Technical procedures have been (ibidem). The integrated analysis of shell identified through (i) analysis of the internal technology with the associated lithic assemblage structure of the valve, (ii) experiments, (iii) using (i) high-resolution approach and (ii) time- analysis of morphology, dimensions and cost analysis (see Romagnoli 2015) has shown that orientation of negatives of retouch, and localisation Neanderthals were highly mobile in a huge of their point of impact (both on experimental and territory, moving from north-west to south-east, archaeological tools), and (iv) analysis of and occupied the cave for repeated events during archaeological hammers (type, association and logistical transfers. Their economic strategy was localisation of percussion marks and striations; organised according to time constraints and Romagnoli et alii 2015b). Valves were kept highly involved planned transport of toolkit, recycling as tilted in the hand. During the first series of retouch opportunistic behaviour (Binford 1979; Gould the lateral rounded surface of the hammer was 1980; Nelson 1991; see Romagnoli 2015 for used creating a micro-denticulation on the valve’s detailed discussion) and frequent Quina retouch in margin, while the second series regularised the stone tools, which is often associated to shell edge. In the latter retouch series the hammer’s flat technology in several Mediterranean sites (see surface was used with a gesture with reorientation Romagnoli et alii 2015c for discussion and (Bourguignon 2001). The force applied during bibliography). retouch, the type of hammer, the arm trajectory In conclusion, economic, technological and and the angle of impact between hammer and tool technical data support the interpretation of shell have been described as typical of “Quina” tools technology as an expression of the variability of (Bourguingon 2001; Baena Preysler, Carrión Quina behaviour. That implies the integration of Santafé 2010; but see Romagnoli et alii 2015b for a shell technology within the human group according more exhausted discussion). to several factors including shared knowledge, Our experimentation suggests that, as for Quina mechanisms of transmission of knowledge, social scrapers, shell tools were effective in intense and organisation of tasks, and capacity to create repetitive work on worked material of any adaptive information. hardness. Specific kinetics were needed:

Fig. 1 – A,B: Grotta del Cavallo, layer L. Archaeological shell tools; C-F: Polishing formation processes on experimental shell tools used to work hide (C-D, scale bar 50 µm) and wood (E-F, scale bar 100 µm). C,E: Detail of the edge before use; D,F: Same detail after 15 minutes of use ( from Romagnoli et alii 2015c modified ).

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Acknowledgements : this research has been founded in in Italy and Greece, Journal of World Prehistory 25, several occasions and different ways by H2020 MSCA 45-79. GA No 653667; HAR2013 -48784-C3-3-P and GOULD R.A. (1980) - Living Archaeology . Cambridge : HAR2013 -48784-C3-1-P of the Spanish Ministerio de Cambridge University Press Economía y Competitividad. The excavation at Grotta NELSON M.C. 1991, The study of technological del Cavallo was supported by the Università di organization , in SCHIFFER M.B., Ed. -, Archaeological Firenze, the Università di Siena, and the Museo Method and Theory . Tucson : University of Arizona, Fiorentino di Preistoria. Researches in the cave are 57-100. conducted in collaboration with Soprintendenza per i PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (2001) - Il Paleolitico inferiore e Beni Archeologici della Puglia. We are very grateful to medio in Italia , Millenni 3, Firenze. Jacques Pelegrin, Cristina Lemorini, André Colonese, ROMAGNOLI F. (2015) - A second life: recycling Fabio Martini, Catherine Perlès, Isabelle Sidera, production waste during the Middle Palaeolithic in Antonieta Jerardino, and all the students involved in layer L at Grotta del Cavallo (Lecce, Southeast the recovery and study of the archaeological, Italy), Quaternary International 361, 200-211. geological and paleontological record at Grotta del ROMAGNOLI F., MARTINI F., SARTI L. (2015a) - Cavallo. We are also very grateful to the students of Neanderthal use of Callista chione shells as raw Universidad Autónoma de Madrid who material for retouched tools in south-east Italy. enthusiastically collaborated to the functional Analysis of Grotta del Cavallo Layer L assemblage experimentation and to the collaborators of the by a new methodology, Journal of Archaeological Laboratorio Docente de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Method and Theory 22, 1007-1037. especially to Ana Isabel Pardo Naranjo. ROMAGNOLI F., BAENA J., SARTI L. (2015b) - Neanderthal retouched shell tool and Quina economic and REFERENCES technical strategies: an integrated behaviour, BAENA PREYSLER J ., CARRIÓN SANTAFÉ E. (2010) - Quaternary International. http://dx.doi.org/ Experimental approach to the function and 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.034. technology of Quina side-scrapers, in NAMI H.G. , ROMAGNOLI F., BAENA J., PARDO NARANJO A.I., SARTI L. Ed. - Experiments and interpretation of traditional (2015c) - Evaluating the performance of the technologies. Essays in honour of Errett Callahan. cutting edge of Neanderthal shell tools: a new Buenos Aires, 171-202. experimental approach. Use, mode of operation, BENAZZI S., DOUKA K., FORNAI C., BAUER C.C., KULLMER O. and strength of Callista chione from a behavioural, et alii (2011) - Early dispersal of modern humans Quina perspective, Quaternary International , in Europe and implications for Neanderthal http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.021. behaviour, Nature 479, 525-528. ROMAGNOLI F., TRENTI F., NANNINI L., CARMIGNANI L., RICCI BINFORD L.R. (1979) - Organization and formation G.et alii (in press) - Raw material procurement and processes: looking at curated technologies, productive sequences in the Palaeolithic of Journalof Anthropological Research 35, 255-273. southern Italy: the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian BLANC A.C. (1958-1961) - Campagna di scavo nelle areas, in TOMASSO A., BINDER D., MARTINO G., SIMON P., Grotte di Capo di Leuca, Quaternaria V, 308-313. PORRAZ G., NAUDINOT N., eds - Ressources lithiques, BOURGUIGNON L. (2001) - Apports de l’expérimentation productions et transferts entre Alpes et et de l’analyse techno-morpho-fonctionnelle à la Méditerranée . Nice : Société Préhistorique reconnaissance du processus d’aménagement de Française, Les Séances de la SPF. la retouche Quina, in BOURGUIGNON L., ORTEGA I., SARTI L., BOSCATO P., LO MONACO M. (1998-2000) - Il FRÊRE -SAUTOUT M.C., eds. - Préhistoire et approche Musteriano finale di Grotta del Cavallo nel Salento: expérimentale . Monographies de M. Mergoil, studio preliminare, Origini XXII, 45-110. Montagnac, 35-66. VASCONCELOS P., MORGADO -ANDRÉ A., MORGADO -ANDRÉ C., DANTONI G. (1980) - I livelli musteriani con strumenti GASPAR M.B. (2011) - Shell strength and fishing su valva di Callista (Callista) chione (l.) nel Salento, damage to the smooth clam (Callista chione): Studi per l’Ecologia del Quaternario 2, 67-75. simulating impacts caused by bivalve dredging, DARLAS A. (2007) - Le Moustérien de Grèce à la ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, 32-42. lumière des récentes recherches, L’Anthropologie VITAGLIANO S. 1984, Nota sul Pontiniano della Grotta 111, 346-366. dei Moscerini, Gaeta (Latina), in Atti della XXIV DOUKA K, SPINAPOLICE E. (2012) - Neanderthal shell Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di tool production: evidence from Middle Palaeolithic Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, 155-164.

47 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 17:30

GIULIA MARCIANI , VINCENZO SPAGNOLO , DANIELE AURELI , PAOLO BOSCATO , ANNAMARIA RONCHITELLI

Continuities and discontinuities at the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa, Taranto). The last Neanderthals in Southern Italy

The Oscurusciuto rock shelter, located in the Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente of the Ginosa ravine (Taranto, Apulia), is a very important University of Siena (Boscato, Ronchitelli 2008; Villa site for the understanding of Neandertal et alii 2009; Boscato et alii 2011; Ronchitelli et alii subsistence and settlement strategies in Southern 2011; Spagnolo et alii 2015). The study comprises: Italy. The deposit, about 6 m thick and with a base taxonomic and taphonomic investigations on of 60 m2 , is made up of several levels Middle faunal remains, analysis of lithic production Palaeolithic in age (fig. 1). The series so far through a technological and techno-functional investigated (between SU 1 and SU 15) ranges approach, micromorphological analyses of hearths between 42,724±716 cal BP (Beta 181165 AMS) and assessment of the spatial meaning of these (SU 1) and 55 ± 2 kyrs (40Ar/39Ar) (SU 14 – features. tephra identified as the Mount Epomeo Ischia The aim of this work is to individuate, from a green tuff; Allen et alii 2000). diachronic point of view, the continuities and Such a chronological interval is crucial in discontinuities inside the lithic techno-complexes, European prehistory as it falls upon the period of the site space management and the mobility disappearance of Homo neanderthalensis and of patterns within the territory. Such objectives are the dispersal of the first groups of Anatomically reached by a multidisciplinary approach. Modern Humans. The different datasets which have been Excavations and studies on the Oscurusciuto gathered are statistically elaborated within a GIS Shelter are being led by the Unità di Ricerca di platform in order to determine the modalities of Preistoria e Antropologia of the Dipartimento di space management. The different datasets which

Fig. 1: Riparo l'Oscurusciuto: localization of the site (A) and stratigraphic sequence of the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (B).

48 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) have been gathered are statistically elaborated to different activities. The overlying SU 11 is a within a GIS platform in order to determine the palimpsest about 30 cm thick, characterized by the modalities of space management. The application superimposition of tens of hearths. of the RMU method (lithic raw material units), on The results of these studies will bring important technological and spatial bases, allows the and useful advances in research on the behavioural recognition of single activities (Marciani 2013; and settlement features of Neandertals, Spagnolo 2013; Spagnolo et alii 2015). particularly at this time when there are many This research comprises the integrated study of Italian and international projects which face these the lower section of the series so far investigated in questions by means of different and innovative the Shelter: SU 15, SU 14, SU 13 and SU 11. These approaches. stratigraphic units are particularly interesting for the reconstruction of Neandertal behaviour, given REFERENCES that each of them shows peculiarities in terms of ALLEN J.R.M., WATTS W.A., HUNTLEY B. (2000) - structural elements, spatial management, type of Weichselian palynostratigraphy, palaeovegetation occupation and lithic production systems. and palaeoenvironments; the record from Lago SU 15 is a living floor in which a phase of Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy, Quaternary abandonment is recorded and is sealed by the International 73/74,. 91-110. deposition of the SU 14 tephra. This surface is BOSCATO P., RONCHITELLI A. (2008) - Strutture di characterized by stone alignments which define combustione in depositi del Paleolitico medio del two possible structures. SU 14 (fig. 2) is an almost Sud Italia, in Atti XVII Congresso dell’Associazione sterile layer about 60 cm thick, made of volcanic Antropologica Italiana, Cagliari, 26-29 settembre 2007. International Journal of Anthropology, ashes. Traces of a short frequentation can be seen numero speciale, 218-225. only few centimetres under the top of the layer. SU BOSCATO P., GAMBASSINI P., RANALDO F., RONCHITELLI A. 13 is a short palimpsest which represents the first (2011) - Management of Paleoenvironmental stable re-colonization of the site after the Resources and Raw materials Exploitation at the environmental impact created by volcanic ash Middle Paleolithic Site of Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, deposition. In this layer, 10 aligned hearths were Southern Italy): Units 1 and 4, in CONARD N.J., found which divide up the site into areas devoted

Fig. 2: Riparo l'Oscurusciuto: the volcanic ash layer SU14 being excavated.

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RICHTER J., eds. - Neanderthal Lifeways, Subsistence SPAGNOLO V. (2013) - Analisi spaziale di un contesto and Technology - One Hundred Fifty Years of musteriano: Riparo l'Oscurusciuto (Ginosa – TA) . Neanderthal Study , Springer, 87-98. Tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Archeologia., MARCIANI G. (2013) - The lithic assemblage of the US 13 Università del Salento, Facoltà di Beni Culturali, at the Middle Paleolithic site of Oscurusciuto Lecce. (Ginosa, Taranto, Southern Italy): Technological SPAGNOLO V., MARCIANI G., AURELI D., BERNA F., BOSCATO P., studies . Tesi di Master Erasmus Mundus in RANALDO F., RONCHITELLI A. (2015) - Between Quaternario e Preistoria. Instituto Politécnico de hearths and volcanic ash: The SU 13 palimpsest of Tomar, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa – Southern Douro, Departamento de Território, Arqueologia e Italy): analytical and interpretative questions, Património do IPT, . Quaternary International .doi.org/10.1016 RONCHITELLI A., FREGUGLIA M., LONGO L., MORONI /j.quaint.2015.11.046. LANFREDINI A., RANALDO F. (2011) - Studio tecno- VILLA P., BOSCATO P., RANALDO F., RONCHITELLI A., 2009. funzionale dei supporti a morfologia triangolare Stone tools for the hunt: points with impact scars dell’US 8 del Riparo L’Oscurusciuto (Ginosa – from a Middle Paleolithic site in southern Italy, Taranto), Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche LXI, 5-20. Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 850-859.

50 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 17:45

JULIEN RIEL -SALVATORE

An empirical analysis of Uluzzian crescents

This paper presents an analysis of several key the backing of the Uluzzian crescents analyzed by attributes of Uluzzian crescent-shaped the author. Observations about the supports used (semilune ), widely considered the type fossil of that to manufacture these implements comprise the controversial technocomplex. Measurements are third and last part of the analysis. Although drawn from crescents from five Uluzzian sites from hindered by the overall low number of pieces southern Italy and, as a point of comparison, analyzed, the southern Uluzzian crescents form a similar data on the backed pieces from La Fabbrica distinctly homogeneous ensemble that is are also presented. The first part of the analysis comparable in most respects to the crescents focuses on the dimensions of these implements; reported from other industries, but distinct in data from MSA and Natufian crescents are used to some respects from Uluzzian assemblages from contextualize the Uluzzian patterns. Recently other regions. The paper concludes with a published high quality illustrations of backed discussion of the implications of these patterns for pieces from Fumane and Klissoura are also ongoing debates over the definition of the Uluzzian incorporated in this part of the analysis. The and, more broadly, our understanding of the second part of the analysis focuses on the angle of Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in the Italian the active edge and the technological signature of peninsula.

51 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 18:00

FABIO NEGRINO , STEFANO BENAZZI , JAMIE HODGKINS , BRIGITTE HOLT , CHRISTOPHER MILLER , CALEY ORR , MARCO PERESANI , JULIEN RIEL SALVATORE , DAVID STRAIT , CLAUDINE GRAVEL -MIGUEL , HENRY DE SANTIS , ELISA LEGER , SERGIO MARTINI , ELISABETTA PERRONI , ANTOINE LALIBERTÉ , GENEVIÈVE POTHIER BOUCHARD , ELISABETTA STARNINI , ANDREA ZERBONI

On-going research and first data from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites of Liguria region

Since 2014, several new field projects have (Imperia), Musazzi (Ranzi, Pietra Ligure, Savona) focused their attention on the Middle and Upper and Arma delle Manie (Finale Ligure, Savona). Palaeolithic record of Liguria. After a ten-year While these different projects are still at their hiatus, new excavations began in 2015 at Riparo beginnings, several noteworthy data have already Bombrini (Ventimiglia, Imperia) and, that same emerged. Beginning with the oldest assemblage, a year, a field project focused on another site – Arma small, flat quartzite biface has been identified in the Veirana (Erli, Savona) (fig. 1) – that had previously lithic collection from Monte Albareo, located close only been known from material recovered from the to Grotta della Madonna dell’Arma, which was backdirt of clandestine excavations. Along with recovered during the excavation of a trench dug to these field projects, several new projects seeking to install a pipeline (Lumley et alii 2008) (fig. 2). It is provide better data on old unpublished or poorly- the only of that type currently known from known collections were also initiated: these focus Liguria and it resembles those from Level UA 25 on material from sites including the Ex-Birreria from , which dates to ca. 160ky and the Ex-Casinò localities at the Balzi Rossi BP (Lumley 2004). The heavily laminar assemblage (Ventimiglia, Imperia), Monte Albareo (Arma di from Via San Francesco, in Sanremo, also Taggia, Imperia), Via San Francesco in Sanremo potentially dates to an early phase of the

Fig. 1 – 2015 excavation at Arma Veirana (Erli, Savona).

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Mousterian (Isetti 1961; Negrino, Tozzi 2008; Riel- documented in the upper levels from Arma delle Salvatore, Negrino 2009). U/Th-ESR data (Pirouelle Manie (Arobba et alii 1976; Peresani 2003) and in 2006) indicate it may date to Marine Isotope Stage unit IV at Riparo Bombrini (Holt et alii in 6, which would contradict previous, typologically- preparation; Tozzi, Negrino 2008). This industry is based assessments supporing that it represented a characterized by the presence of both Levallois and distinctive facies of the Late Mousterian. New Discoid production strategies. At Riparo Bombrini, Results from an OSL dating programme at the site the abundance of marine mollusk shells including will soon permit to more definitely settle this limpets and other gastropods indicates a sustained debate. exploitation of these animals as a dietary resource As far as later phases of the Mousterian are by Neanderthals. The Mousterian assemblage from concerned, several assemblages dating to between Musazzi remains undated at the moment; it is MIS 5 and 3 are currently being reanalyzed. Lithic characterized by a high frequency of retouched assemblages from the base of the deposits from implements (probably intentionally selected from both the Ex-Birreria and the Ex-Casinò (unit A1-2) the removeddeposit by the discoverers of the site), localities, above Tyrrhenian marine deposits, including several elongated convergent scrapers comprise tools made prevalently on local flint often that are quite similar to awls. produced using the centripetal Levallois method The earliest Upper Paleolithic record of the (Tozzi, Negrino 2008). Higher in the deposits of region has also been the focus of intense research, both sites, a clear techno-economic break is evident, especially at Riparo Bombrini (Bertola et alii 2013; as shown by the presence of larger Levallois flakes Holt et alii in preparation). New Protoaurignacian made on Sanremo quartzite. This marked techno- deposits have been identified at the site during the economic reorganization appears to be associated new field project that began in 2015 and this new with a climatic downturn (MIS 4?), as suggested by field research has already yielded interesting new the presence of abundant cryoclastic debris in the data, including the presence in this context of a sediment. In contrast, the Late Mousterian is

Fig. 2 – Quartzite biface from Monte Albareo (Arma di Taggia, Imperia).

53 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) small sidescraper made on yellow flint from ISETTI G. (1961) - Una stazione paleolitica nel centro di Lessinean area, which would be the first evidence Sanremo , Rivista di Studi Liguri 28, 5-44. of contacts between Liguria and the Veneto Pre- LUMLEY DE H., ed. (2004) - Sol d’occupation acheuléen Alps during that period. As at Riparo Mochi, the de l’unité archéostratigraphique UA 25 de la Grotte transition between the Mousterian and du Lazaret, Nice, Alpes Maritimes . Aix-en-Provence, Protoaurignacian at Riparo Bombrini is associated Edisud. with a depositional hiatus, meaning that the exact LUMLEY DE H., AROBBA D., CAUCHE D., DESCLAUX E., nature of the first settlement of Liguria by Homo ECHASSOUX A., KHATIB S., RICCI M., ROUSSEL B., SIMON P., sapiens remains an open question. While the TOZZI C., VALENSI P., VICINO G. (2008) - Les cultures acheuléennes et moustériennes dans les Alpes- Protoaurignacian at Bombrini is directly associated Maritimes et en Ligurie, in BINDER D., DELESTRE X., with a modern human deciduous tooth (Benazzi et PERGOLA P., eds. - Archéologies transfrontalières - alii 2015), it appears at the Balzi Rossi as a fully Alpes du Sud, Côte d’Azur, Piémont, Ligurie - Bilan developed cultural phenomenon embedded in an et perspectives de recherche . Actes du colloque de extremely large social geography that links the Nice, 13-15 december 2007. Bulletin du Musée Rhône Valley to the Adriatic coast of the Italian d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco, suppl. peninsula. There is currently no evidence of either n.1, 11-19. a “transition” or a migration to explain its origin, NEGRINO F., TOZZI C. (2008) - Il Paleolitico in Liguria, in which means that even the scenario of a western BINDER D., DELESTRE X., PERGOLA P., eds. - origin remains to be tested (Douka et alii 2014). Archéologies transfrontalières - Alpes du Sud, Côte Lastly, Late Upper Paleolithic (Epigravettian) d’Azur, Piémont, Ligurie - Bilan et perspectives de deposits have recently been identified during new recherche . Actes du colloque de Nice, 13-15 excavations at Arma Veirana where, in spite of the december 2007. Bulletin du Musée presence of substantial Mousterian deposits in the d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco, suppl. deeper levels, there is currently no evidence of a 1, 21-28. Protoaurignacian or Aurignacian presence. PERESANI M. (2003).– An initial overview of the middle Palaeolithic discoid industries in Central-Northern REFERENCES Italy, in PERESANI M., ed. - Discoid – AROBBA D., GIUGGIOLA O., IMPERIALE G., LAMBERTI A., advances and implications , BAR International OXILIA M., VICINO G. (1976) - Le Mànie, in AA.VV., Series 1120, 209-223. Archeologia in Liguria, Scavi e scoperte 1967-75 , RIEL -SALVATORE J., NEGRINO F. 2009. Early Upper Genova : Soprintendenza Archeologica della Paleolithic population dynamics and raw material Liguria, 133-144. procurement patterns in Italy, in CAMPS M., SZMIDT BENAZZI S., SLON V., TALAMO S., NEGRINO F., PERESANI M., C., eds. - The Mediterranean from 50000 to 25000 BAILEY S. E., SAWYER S., PANETTA D., VICINO G., BP - Turning points and new directions . Oxford : STARNINI E., MANNINO M. A., SALVADORI P. A., MEYER M., Oxbow Books, 211-230. PÄÄBO S., HUBLIN J.-J. (2015) - The makers of the PIROUELLE F. (2006) – Contribution méthodologique à Protoaurignacian and implications for Neandertal la datation, par les méthodes Uranium-Thorium (U- extinction, Science 348 (6236), 793-796. TH) et résonance de spin électronique (ESR), de sites BERTOLA S., BROGLIO A., CRISTIANI E., DE STEFANI M., moustériens de Ligurie, de France et de Belgique , GURIOLI F., NEGRINO F., ROMANDINI M., VANHAEREN M. Thèse de Doctorat. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, (2013) - La diffusione del primo Aurignaziano a Département de Préhistoire, Parigi. sud dell’arco alpino, Preistoria Alpina 47, 17-30. TOZZI C., NEGRINO F. (2008). Nouvelles données sur les DOUKA K., HIGHAM T. F. G., WOOD R., BOSCATO P., cultures moustériennes des grottes de Grimaldi, in GAMBASSINI P., KARKANAS P., PERESANI M., RONCHITELLI LUMLEY DE H., HUREL A., eds. - Histoire et actualité de A. M. (2014) - On the chronology of the Uluzzian, l’oeuvre scientifique de S.A.S. Le Prince Albert Ier de Journal of Human Evolution 68, 1-13. Monaco - 1895-2005: bilan et perspectives des HOLT B., NEGRINO F., RIEL -SALVATORE J., FORMICOLA V., connaissances sur les peuplements néandertaliens VICINO G., CHURCHILL S.E., ARELLANO A., BOSCHIAN G., et les premiers hommes modernes de l’Europe DI CANZIO E. (in preparation) - The Middle-Upper méditerranéenne . Archives de l’Institut de Paleolithic transition at Riparo Bombrini (Liguria, Paléontologie Humaine, Mémoire 39, 101. Italy), Current Anthropology .

54 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 4/02 h 18:15

MARCEL OTTE

The Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia): the matrix in the cave

In the Caviglione cave (fig. 1), a human burial so strictly observed in any cultural context, here has been found in 1871 (fig. 2) by Emile Rivière the Gravettian civilization. (1878-79), just alone, lying on the body side, in a On the geographical and social grounds, the dug out pit, covered by red ochre, the skull was Grimaldi cliff belongs to the western most adorned by numbers of pendants: shells and teeth, extension from Central Europe (Moravia and with a few lithic tools and bone point. On the wall ), where the best comparisons are to be of the cave, just above the grave, a horse has been found (Otte in press , A-B). They concern both the engraved (Vicino 1972, 1981; Vicino and Simone tools deposited with the bodies and the pictures of 1972) in clear relation with it (fig.3). Laying down of animals associated to the burials. The relation burials inside a cave implies a movement of coming between living animals and human’s death belongs back to the dark and powerful origins of life itself. to universal conceptions tending to keep the This explains why rituals codifications have been human body alive, just like the cave itself plays the

Fig. 1. Grotta del Caviglione at about 1870 (Ventimiglia, Imperia).

55 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) mother role. The whole Grimaldi burials belong to anciennement nommée l’homme de Menton , tome II, a sacred regional topography as huge cliffs. They chapitre 46, Paris : Editions CNRS can be seen from everywhere and by anyone from RIVIERE E. 1878-79, De l’antiquité de l’homme dans les far. Alpes Maritimes , Paris. These cliffs were playing the role of a VICINO G. 1972, Scoperta di incisioni rupestri monumental way between terrestrial live and the paleolithiche ai Balzi Rossi, Rivista di Studi Liguri 1, forever cosmic areas, just like our nowadays 1-24. temples or cathedrals do. VICINO G., SIMONE S. 1972 Les gravures rupestres paléolithiques des Balzi Rossi (Grimaldi, Ligurie italienne), Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique de REFERENCE l’Ariège XXVII, 1-20. OTTE M. (in press-a) - Interprétation culturelle de la VICINO G., 1981 Le incisioni rupestri della Barma sépulture de Cavillon, Bulletin du Musée Grande e relazioni col deposito paleolitico in essa d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco . contenuto Balzi Rossi (Grimaldi, Ligurie italienne), OTTE M. (in press-b) - Interprétation culturelle de la Rivista Ingauna e Intemelia , Nuova serie A XXXI- sépulture de « la Dame du Cavillon », in DE LUMLEY XXXIII – 1976-1978 (1-4) 189-193. H., ed. - La sépulture de la dame Cavillon

Fig. 2 - Grotta del Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia). The Gravettian female burial.

Fig. 3 - Grotta del Caviglione (Ventimiglia, Imperia). The of the horse.

56 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 9:00

FABIO SANTANIELLO , STEFANO GRIMALDI

The Noaillian Gravettian from Balzi Rossi (Ventimiglia, Imperia)

Mobility strategies and technological aspects of is frequently exploited, even if French and Italian the Italian Gravettian are poorly known. An Apennines flints were also imported in the sites explanatory framework within which to and frequently used to product Noailles burins understand the dynamics of the Gravettian (fig.2). In order to reconstruct the gravettian adaptations is lacking. We analysed the lithics reduction sequence, we interpret each artefact as a coming from two sites of the Balzi Rossi product of a hypothetical reduction sequence by archaeological complex (fig.1): Riparo Mochi and means of the classification of the technical features Grotta dei Fanciulli (Grimaldi caves, Liguria - Italy). of blanks, such as dorsal scars, crests, dimensions, The Balzi Rossi area is located in a narrow corridor, presence/absence of cortex. The main technical named as the Liguro-Provençal Arc, which should goal is the production of elongated blanks (blades) have been a natural axis channelling the circulation by means of the unidirectional method of débitage. of both humans and animals between Italy and The original morphology of the cores – here Southern France. The position of Balzi Rossi in the subdivided into Pebbles, Blocks (including Nodules osmotic centre of the Liguro-Provencal arc is a key and Slabs), Flakes (including cores) - to define the Gravettian diffusion/development in influences the way how the method of debitage is this area. realized. The comparison between stone In this research, we have analysed the lithic provenance and technical aspects let us to suggest assemblages coming from the Noaillian Gravettian a long-distance mobility, suitable for the of both sites from a typological and technological exploitation of a large area spanning from perspective; rock supplying crops are also Provence to central Italy. characterized. Results show that local raw material

Fig.1 - The Balzi Rossi archaeological complex (Ventiniglia, Imperia).

57 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Fig. 2 - Noailles burin from Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Ventimiglia, Imperia).

58 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 9:15

JOSÉ -MIGUEL TEJERO , STEFANO GRIMALDI

Assessing bone and antler exploitation at Riparo Mochi: implications for the characterization of the Aurignacian in South-western Europe

The Aurignacian typo-technological tradition factors: (1) preservation of the Proto- and Early has long been considered as linked with the Aurignacian levels; (2) their location along the dispersal of anatomically Modern Humans over likely southern dispersal route of the Aurignacian; western Eurasia at the onset of the Upper (3) the richness of archaeological evidence; and (4) Palaeolithic. In Europe it is commonly divided into recent re-evaluation of their chrono-stratigraphy. two main phases, the Proto-Aurignacian and the The study of worked osseous remains allows us Early Aurignacian whose definitions are based on to establish the comparative characteristics of the typo-technological features of lithics and some animal raw material exploitation within the osseous “markers” like the splitbased points. The Aurignacian of Riparo Mochi. Results demonstrate osseous industry has recurrently been cited as a that animal raw material exploitation increases major innovation signaling the transition from from the bottom to the top of the archaeological Middle to Early Upper Palaeolithic. Nevertheless, sequence at this site. Hunting weapons, as well as recent studies strongly suggest that the real personal ornaments other than those made on innovation is antler working, as bone working has shells, are only present in Early Aurignacian layers. been found to be similar in the Mousterian and the Antler working is not documented in the Proto- Early Upper Palaeolithic. Riparo Mochi is among Aurignacian, which is consistent with the the key Western European sites for assessing the hypothesis of the appearance of antler hunting nature of shifts and continuities between the weapons only after the Heinrich Stadial 4 and the Proto- and Early Aurignacian phases of the Campanian Ignimbrite climatic events. technocomplex. These data are significant for the study of the distribution of the first anatomically Modern Humans in Eurasia owing to several

59 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 9:30

MARINE FROUIN , JEAN -LUC SCHWENNINGER , ADITI DAVE , KATERINA DOUKA , THOMAS F. G. HIGHAM , FABIO SANTANIELLO , ELISABETTA STARNINI , STEFANO GRIMALDI .

New radiometric ages for the Palaeolithic site of Riparo Mochi (Ventimiglia, Imperia)

The Mochi rockshelter, located on the Ligurian have collected sediment samples for Optically coast of Italy is one of the most important early Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating techniques, Upper Palaeolithic sites along the Mediterranean which provided a promising opportunity to date rim. The stratigraphy of the sequence is ~10 m this important sedimentary succession. In the deep comprising of an Upper Palaeolithic deposit, present study, OSL ages will be integrated with the followed by a semi-sterile deposit and a available radiocarbon dates using a Bayesian age- Mousterian deposit. A series of radiometric dates depth modelling approach. These results allow us, on marine shells bearing traces of human for the first time, to precisely constrain the timing modification has provided an initial chronological of the last Mousterian and first Upper Palaeolithic framework for the final Mousterian and the early cultures at the site. Finally, the different human Protoaurignacian cultures at the site (Douka et alii occupations can be placed within a chronological 2012). Based on age-depth modelling results, the framework that incorporates both regional end of the Mousterian was dated between 44 and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic variations, 41.8 ka cal BP (68.2% prob.) and the information which may help us to better Protoaurignacian to ~37 ka BP or 42.7-41.6 ka cal understand human behaviour in this key region. BP (68.2%), which appears to be the oldest dated Aurignacian assemblage in Italy. The sequence REFERENCES continues upwards with a more evolved DOUKA K., GRIMALDI S., BOSCHIAN G., DEL LUCCHESE A., Aurignacian phase, then followed by a Gravettian HIGHAM T. (2012) - A new chronostratigraphic phase starting at ~26 ka BP or earlier. Given the framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo scarcity of material available for radiocarbon Mochi (Italy), Journal of Human evolution 62 (2), dating from within the final Mousterian levels, we 286-299.

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Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 9:45

ROSSELLA DUCHES , MARCO PERESANI , CARLA BARTOLINI

The site of Bus de la Lum (Cansiglio Plateau, Pordenone) during the Younger Dryas, between continuity and transformation of the Epigravettian mobility patterns

The climatic cooling GS-1, which defines the the spatio-temporal segmentation of the reduction Younger Dryas (Vescovi et alii 2007), had a sequences also suggest a mobility no longer based definitive impact on the vegetation of north- on a few sites located in strategic positions and eastern Italy (Ravazzi et alii 2007), although it did periodically reoccupied (as in the Alleröd period), not change much of the extension of the mid- but rather on numerous camps frequented for altitude hunting basins previously frequented by short periods as expression of a higher mobility Epigravettian human groups (Duches et alii 2014, pattern. 2015; Mussi, Peresani 2011). The site of Bus de la Lum on the Cansiglio REFERENCES Plateau confirms the continuity of seasonal DUCHES R., AVANZINI M., BASSETTI M., FLOR E., NERI S., frequentation of the mid-altitude mountain and DALMERI G. (2014) - Évolution de la mobilité provides new elements for evaluating the épigravettienne durant le Dryas récent: quelles settlement dynamics of the Epigravettian hunters nouvelles informations pour l’Italie nord- during this phase (Peresani et alii 199-2000). orientale?, in LANGLAIS M., NAUDINOT N., PERESANI M. Distinctive elements compared to the eds. - Les groupes culturels de la transition interstadial Late Glacial are provided by Pléistocène-Holocène entre Atlantique et Adriatique. considering the occupational area, the density and Actes de la Séance de la Société Préhistorique Française 3, Bordeaux 24-25 Mai 2012, 185-203. composition of the lithic industry, and the raw DUCHES R., BASETTI M., FLOR E., HROZNY KOMPATSCHER M., material provisioning areas. The analysis of this KOMPATSCHER K., NERI S., DALMERI G. (2015) - site in the overall framework of north-eastern Italy, Trasformazione della mobilità epigravettiana highlights a trend towards an increased durante il Dryas recente: nuove informazioni dalle simplification of the camp, with contraction of the ricerche in territorio trentino, in Preistoria e activity area and execution of a wide range of Protostoria del Veneto . Studi di Preistoria e activities linked to the production, acquisition and Protostoria 2, Firenze : Istituto Italiano di processing of food and other resources. Preistoria e Protostoria 61-68. The new data achieved form the techno- MUSSI M., PERESANI M. (2011) - The Palaeolithic economic analysis of the lithic raw materials and Settlement of Italy during the Younger Dryas, in

Fig. 1 – Bus de la Lum. View from the southwest of the site during 1998 excavation.

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STRAUS L.G., GOEBEL T., eds. - Younger Dryas - evoluzione stratigrafica, storia della vegetazione e Human Reactions. Quaternary International 242, del popolamento antropico, Il Quaternario 20 (2), 360-370. 163-184. PERESANI M., BERTOLA S., DE STEFANI M., DI ANASTASIO G. VESCOVI E., RAVAZZI C., TINNER W., ARPENTI A., FINSINGER (1999-2000) - Bus de La Lum and the W., PINI R., VALSECCHI V., WICK L., AMMAN B. (2007) - Epigravettian occupation of the Venetian Pre-Alps Interactions between Climate and Vegetation on during the Younger Dryas, Rivista di Scienze the Southern Side of the Alps and Adjacent Areas Preistoriche L, 103-132. during the Late-Glacial Period as Recorded by RAVAZZI C., PERESANI M., PINI R., VESCOVI E. (2007) - Il Lake and Mire Sediment Archives, Quaternary Tardoglaciale nelle Alpi e in Pianura Padana: Science Reviews 26, 1650-1669.

Fig. 2 – Bus de la Lum. Sample of cores and refitted artifacts from the lithic assemblage.

62 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 10:00

ROSSELLA DUCHES , GIAMPAOLO DALMERI , IVANA FIORE , ANNA CUSINATO , MICHELE BASSETTI , MARIA HROZNY KOMPATSCHER , KLAUS KOMPATSCHER , STEFANO NERI , ANTONIO TAGLIACOZZO .

Painted stones and ritual pits: new evidence on Late Epigravettian art and symbolic behaviour from Riparo Dalmeri (Trento)

The artistic and symbolic expression in the Late socioeconomic settlements and resource Epigravettian of Northern Italy consists essentially exploitation dynamics of Late Epigravettian of the mobilary art found in residential and hunters, but has also provided unique evidence of funerary contexts. An exceptional case is symbolic activities. represented by Dalmeri rock shelter, a hunting The earliest human occupation of the site, dated seasonal camp located at about 1240 m asl on the to 13,400-13,100 cal BP, is characterized by the Asiago-Sette Comuni Plateau (Trento). This site not presence of hearths, a dwelling structure, and rich only has played a key role in revealing the cultural finds such as a lithic industry and faunal

Fig. 1 – Riparo Dalmeri. Transversal cross-section of pit 3 and picture of the painted stone found on the bottom of this pit.

63 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) and charcoal remains (Montoya 2008; Tagliacozzo, entrance area of the shelter. The presence of ochre Fiore 2009). In addition, these layers revealed a marks applied to the upward-facing sides of the total of 267 stones painted with red ochre that painted stones, probably finalized to recognize have zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and geometric them, associated to the evidence of a gradual filling motifs (Dalmeri et alii 2006, 2009, 2011). The of pit 1, suggests a dynamic ritual, repeated and spatial distribution of the stones indicates that a renovated over time in a relatively short period. fan-shaped area of ca. 30 sq m and more than 4 m wide oriented east-west towards the rock wall was REFERENCES reserved for ritual activities. Most stones were DALMERI G., BASSETTI M., CUSINATO A., KOMPATSCHER K., found with the decorated side facing down and HROZNY KOMPATSCHER M. (2006) - Le site were often in small piles (Dalmeri et alii 2009). Epigravettien de l’Abri Dalmeri: aspects This distribution suggests the intentional artistiques à la fin du Paleolithique superieur en concealment of the painted images. Italie du Nord, L’Anthropologie 110, 511–529. Another interesting discovery made just outside DALMERI G., CUSINATO A., KOMPATSCHER K., HROZNY of the rock shelter involves three pits that were KOMPATSCHER M., BASSETTI M., NERIO S. (2009) - filled with different materials. The structures (and Painted Stones from the Riparo Dalmeri substructures) contained an abundant selection of (Trento), Preistoria Alpina 44, 95–119. ibex cranial parts with horns and single horns DALMERI G., NERI S., BASSETTI M., CUSINATO A., amounting to more than 8,000 remains, particular KOMPATSCHER K., HROZNY KOMPATSCHER M. (2011) - objects, polishers and stones painted with ochre. Riparo Dalmeri: le pietre dipinte dell’area rituale, The stratigraphic and taphonomic analyses of the Preistoria Alpina 45, 67–117. MONTOYA C. (2008) - Apport de l’analyse technique à filling revealed the intentional deposition of the la compréhension de l’évolution des groupes materials and the utilization of the ibex horns for humains épigravettiens d’Italie Nord Oriental: la filling up the pits. production lithique de l’US 15a-65 du Riparo A direct connection between the painted stones Dalmeri, Preistoria Alpina 43, 191-208. and the ritual pits is supported by the stratigraphic TAGLIACOZZO A., FIORE I. (2009) - Hunting strategies in a data, the spatial organization and the C14 dates. mountain environment during the Late Glacial in This evidence, moreover, suggests the hypothesis north eastern Italy, Preistoria Alpina 44, 79-93. of a complex ritual activity that involved a large part of the living space, including significantly the

Fig. 2 – Riparo Dalmeri. Detail picture of an ibex skull with horns found in the pit 3.

64 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 10:15

GIOVANNI CAVALLO , FEDERICA FONTANA , MARCO PERESANI , MARIA PIA RICCARDI , ROBERTO ZORZIN

Research on archaeological ochre: a question of method

Provenance studies of raw materials from Being the potential geological ochre sources archaeological sites are usually carried out circumscribed around the archaeological sites at a according to two different approaches: when the local scale, the research s tarted off by analysing the geological occurrences are well-known in terms of raw materials and then extended to the spatial distribution, their study precedes the archaeological ochre fragments. research of archaeological materials; on the After an accurate selection of more than 150 contrary, if the geological occurrences are ochre fragments carried out under a unknown, the research starts by studying the stereomicroscope and documentation at the archaeological materials and then the potential adequate scale, the analytical res earch included the sourc es (Glascock, Neff 2003). In both cases the mineralogical and textural analysis with Polarizing provenance postulate has to be satisfied (Weigand Light Microscopy (PLM) on thin sections supported et alii 1977). Provenance studies of archaeological by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). ochre normally follow the second pathway as ochre The comparison between geological samples sources are ubiquitous in many geological (Cavallo et alii 2015b) and archaeological ochre environments. In addition, the scientific analysis is fragment s based on discriminant mineral phases generally based on geochemical studies (Bu, and characteristic mineral assemblages, textural Cizdziel 2013; MacDonald et alii 2013; Sunday features, presence vs absence of bioclasts provided Eiselt et alii 2011; Popelka-Filcoff et alii 2008; very promising results. Green, Watling 2007). In addition, XRPD demonstrated to be a valid A different approach was used to study method for the identification of hematite de riving archaeological ochre fragments recovered in the from thermal treatment as the presence of Aurignacian layers of Fumane cave (Broglio et alii disordered hematite and maghemite (γ -Fe2O3) are 2009) and in the Lat e Epigravettian stratigraphic clues of goethite heating (Cavallo, Zorzin 2014; sequence of Tagliente rock-shelter (Fontana et alii Cavallo et alii 2015a). 2009) in the Lessini Mountains (Verona, NE Italy).

Fig. 1 - Location of the natural Fe-based geomaterials (cir cles) and of the archaeological sites (stars). The city of Verona is close to the hills hosting the palaeokarst caves filled with Fe -based sediments (VT and CO on the map).

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In conclusion, the adoption of basic analytical FONTANA F., CILLI C., CREMONA M. G., GIACOBINI G., GURIOLI techniques integrated with an accurate selection F., LIAGRE J., MALERBA G., ROCCI RIS A., VERONESE C., and description of a large number of samples GUERRESCHI A. (2009) - Recent data on the Late allowed the potential sources to be identified and Epigravettian occupation at Riparo Tagliente, others to be excluded. Samples from the potential Monti Lessini (Grezzana, Verona): a sources were then selected for further scientific multidisciplinary perspective, in Proceedings of the investigations such as geochemistry of major, 49th Hugo Obermeier Society Meeting . Trento, 10- minor and trace elements through Inductively 14 April 2007. PreistoriaAlpina 44, 51-59. Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). GLASCOCK M. D., NEFF H. (2003) - Neutron activation analysis and provenance research in archaeology, Finally, the thermal treatment will be furtherly Measurements, Science and Technology 14 (9), explored through Transmission Electron 1516-1526. Microscopy (TEM). GREEN R. L., WATLING R. J. (2007 ) - Trace element fingerprint of Australian ocher using Laser REFERENCES Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasm Mass BROGLIO A., DE STEFANI M., GURIOLI F., PALLECCHI P., Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the provenance GIACHI G., HIGHAM T., BROCK F. (2009) - L’art establishment and Authentication of Indigenous aurignacien dans la décoration de la Grotte de Art, Journal Forensic Sc. 42 (4), 851-859. Fumane, L’Anthropologie 113, 753–761. MAC DONALD B. L., HANCOCK R. G. V., CANNON A., MCNEILL BU K., CIZDZIEL J. V. (2013) - The source of iron-oxide F., REIMER R., PIDRUCZNY A. (2013) - Elemental pigments used in Pecos river style rock paints, analysis of ocher outcrops in Southern British Archaeometry 55 (6), 1088-1100. Columbia, , Archaeometry 55 (6), 1020- CAVALLO G., FONTANA F., GONZATO F., GUERRESCHI A., 1033. RICCARDI M. P., SARDELLI G., ZORZIN R. (2015a) - POPELKA -FILCOFF R. S., MIKSA E. J., ROBERTSON J. D., Procurement and Processing of Ochre During the GLASCOCK M. D., WALLACE H. (2008) - Elemental Late Upper Palaeolithic at Tagliente Rock-shelter analysis and characterization of ochre sources (NE Italy) Based on Conventional X-Ray Powder from Southern Arizona, Journal of Archaeological Diffraction Analysis, Journal of Archaeological and Science 35, 752-762. Anthropological Sciences . DOI 10.1007/s12520- SUNDAY EISELT B., POPELKA -FILCOFF R. S., DARLING J. A., 015-0299-3. GLASCOCK M. D. (2011) - Hematite sources and CAVALLO G., RICCARDI M. P., ZORZIN R. (2015b) - Powder archaeological from Hohokam and diffraction of yellow and red natural earths from O’odham sites in central Arizona: an experiment in Lessini Mountains in NE Italy, Powder Diffraction type identification and characterization, Journal of Journal 30 (2), 122-129. Archaeological Science 38, 3019-3028. CAVALLO G., ZORZIN R. (2014) - Geology, Mineralogy and WEIGAND P. C., HARBOTTLE G., SAYRE E. V. (1977). Geochemistry of Natural Fe-based Pigments from Turquoise Sources and Source Analysis: Verona Province (Italy), in SCOTT R.B., BRAEKMANS Mesoamerica and the Southwestern USA. New York : D., CARREMANS M., DEGRYSE P., eds. - Proceedings Academic Press. 39th Intern. Symp. on Archaeometry. Louven, 9-15.

Fig. 2 - The presence of well-preserved nummulite foraminifer (right side of each micrograph), and glauconitic minerals (left side of each micrograph) are characteristic of natural Fe-based layered sequences associated with Eocene . Sample from via Tirapelle mine, Torricelle, Verona, Italy (VT on the map in fig. 1). PPL (micrograph on the left); XPOL (micrograph on the right).

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Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 10:30

NICOLA NANNINI , ROSSELLA DUCHES , FRANCESCO BOSCHIN , JACOPO CREZZINI , MATTEO ROMANDINI , MARCO PERESANI

Identification of Late Epigravettian hunting injuries: descriptive and 3D analysis of experimental projectile impact marks on bone

The search for diagnostic criteria useful in injuries from other taphonomic marks is assessed. hunting lesions identification is a new branch of The morphometric analyses, based on the investigation. Though recently there has been an descriptive criteria developed from other recent increase in studies focused on this issue (Smith et studies (Bello, Soligo 2008; Bello et alii 2009; alii 2007; Castel 2008; Letourneux, Pétillon 2008; Boschin, Crezzini 2012), highlight the presence of O’Driscoll, Thompson 2014; Yeshurun, Yaroshevich peculiar features of experimentally produced drag 2014), no experimental works exist that analyze and puncture marks. These data are interpreted as marks left by backed, morphologically a result of the specific design of Late Epigravettian standardized lithic projectiles like those used by lithic projectiles. The outcomes of 3D digital the hunter-gatherers that peopled a large part of analysis confirm the crucial role of this Europe during the Late Glacial. As such, this work methodological approach in taphonomic study, aims to provide comparison data for identifying offering new clues in PIMs (Projectile Impact Marks) archaeological Late Epigravettian projectile impact archaeological identification and distinction from marks. At the same time, the potential of 3D cut marks, carnivore tooth marks and corrosion scanning microscopy to distinguish hunting cavities.

Fig. 1 - Experimental framework carried out on the Pradis Plateau (Carnic Pre-Alps) in colalboration with the archers Pierre Cattelain and Stefano Benini and students.

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REFERENCES on bone, Journal of Archaeological Science 66, 88- BELLO S.M., SOLIGO C. (2008) - A new method for the 102. quantitative analysis of cut mark LETOURNEUX C., PÉTILLON J.-M. (2008) - Hunting lesions micromorphology, Journal of Archaeological caused by osseous projectile points: experimental Science 35, 1542-1552. results and archaeological implications, Journal of BELLO S.M., PARFITT S.A., STRINGER C. (2009) - Archaeological Science 35, 2849-2862. Quantitative micromorphological analyses of cut O’D RISCOLL C.A., THOMPSON J.C. (2014) - Experimental marks produced by ancient and modern handaxes, projectile impact marks on bone: implication for Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 1869-1880. identifying the origins of projectile technology, BOSCHIN F., CREZZINI J. (2012) - Morphometrical Journal of Archaeological Science 49, 398-413. analysis on cut marks using a 3D digital SMITH M. J., BRICKLEY M. B., LEACH S.L. (2007) - microscope, International Journal of Experimental evidence for lithic projectile injuries: Osteoarchaeology 22, 549-562. improving identification of an under-recognized CASTEL J-C. (2008) - Identification des impacts de phenomenon, Journal of Archaeological Science 34, projectiles sur le squelette des grands ongulés, 540-553. Annales de Paléontologie 94, 103-118. YESHURUN R., YAROSHEVICH A. (2014) - Bone projectile DUCHES R., NANNINI N, ROMANDINI M., BOSCHIN F., CREZZINI injuries and Epipaleolithic hunting: new J., PERESANI M. (2016) - Identification of Late experimental and archaeological results, Journal of Epigravettian hunting injuries: descriptiveand 3D Archaeological Science 44, 61-68. analysis of experimental projectile impact marks

Fig. 2 - Stereomicroscope and 3D images of experimental impact mark.

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Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 11:30

MARCO SERRADIMIGNI

The Late Epigravettian-Sauveterrian transition: Continenza Cave (Trasacco, L’Aquila) and contemporary sites of the South-Central Adriatic area

Continenza Cave is located along the southern and organic hammer, although these types are not bank of the ancient Fucino Lake, at an altitude of always easily distinguishable (Pelegrin 2000) 710 m a.s.l. and 43 m on the current cultivated because of gesture variability (position, ampleness, plain. The stratigraphic sequence shows three force) which strongly contributes to the formation chrono-cultural transitions: from Late of diagnostic features. Epigravettian (Tg. 47-30) to Sauveterrian (Tg. 29- Sauveterrian 25), from Sauveterrian to Castelnovian (Tg. 24) and The Sauveterrian levels, dated between from Castelnovian to Neolithic (Tg. 23-4). 9680±100 BP (Tg. 28) and 9100±100 BP (Tg. 26), Late Epigravettian show a total of 1.092 débitage products and 18 The Late Epigravettian levels, dated between cores; retouched tools are about 11%. 12937±50 BP (Tg. 45) and 9885±75 BP (Tg. 31), Areas of flint procurement are the same of the have yielded a lithic assemblage which amounts to Epigravettian period. The débitage focus is a total of 61.787 artefacts, divided as follows: represented by flakes and small flakes production 32.650 debris, 28.795 débitage products, 352 cores (73%), the châine opératoire for /bladelets and 7.559 retouched tools (7.685 primary types). production is less diffused (27%) and used for Flint comes mainly from the deposits of Maiolica specialised tools (triangles, Sauveterre points); (75%), Marne a fucoidi (11%) and Scaglia Rossa Sauveterre points prevail on geometric tools. Flat (5%); a fourth class has not been determined yet. (IA) and very flat (IC) flakes are dominant, often in Based on the study of the lithic assemblage, the micro/ipermicrolitic size (MS). AD (44%) prevails Late Epigravettian complex has been divided into on S (31%); end-scrapers are only 12 (10%). three phases: Geometric tools are composed of 3 crescents and 6 - EP1 (Tg. 44-41; about 13000-11500 BP), the triangles, in continuity with EP3. Sauveterre points older one: undifferentiated phase, with low are the most diffused tools (13); among S, scrapers laminarity. Among AD, only LD and PD are well and denticulate tools are common. (Usala 2011) developed; among S, short scrapers prevail on long Chronology, depositional model, frequentation index scrapers. and considerations - EP2 (Tg. 40-35; about 11500 BP), the central The Bayesian and depositional models show the one: DT facies; AD prevails on S, laminarity existence of two chronological gaps, the first one increases and, at the same time, long scrapers between EP2 and EP3 (600/1300 years), the become dominant on short scrapers. second one (≥2000 years) between Sauveterrian - EP3 (Tg. 34-30; about 10200-9900 BP), the and Castelnovian, in correspondence of 8.2k event younger one: geometric tools facies (crescents); (Boschian, Ghislandi 2011). Because of the appearance of the microburin technique, strong different thickness of the layers, the investigated increase of pièce écaillées. area for each level and the wide different number From EP1 to EP3 the measures of AD decrease of artefacts, in order to understand the real about 1,5 cm in average. intensity of the human frequentation it was There are four châine opératoire: two of these necessary to "normalize" the different layers. We are targeted to production of blade/bladelets have calculated a frequentation index (IF): number through the progressive reduction of medium (1) of débitage products divided by number of or small blocks (2); one is on core-flakes (3), excavated square meters, all divided by levels another one, opportunistic, is for flake production thickness. The depositional model agrees with the (4). In the blade/bladelets productions, we have frequentation index: sedimentation is more intense size standardisation: post-flaking modification of near the gaps and in levels with low IF. size by retouch (width) or blank fracturing (length). Between level 35 and level 34 we can see some Direct percussion with a hard important changes: represents about 50% of the total complex; the - gap of 600/1300 years: the end of the Younger remaining part is to be divided between soft stone Dryas - beginning of the Preboreal;

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Fig. 1 – a: frequentation index in Late Epigravettian levels; b: microlithisation trend in backed tools from Late Epigravettian levels; c: size standardisation in backed bladelets; d: crescents from Late Epigravettian layers; e: double backed points from Early Mesolithic levels (Sauveterrian period); f: triangles Early Mesolithic levels (Sauveterrian period).

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- appearance or strong increase of geometric Epigravettian (unlike in several northern and tools, which are absent in previous levels; central Italian sites, for example Isola Santa, with a - appearance and diffusion of the microburin 400 years gap between LUP and Sauveterrian). So, technique; probably, the same of hunter/gatherers groups - strong increase of pièce écaillées, which are have continued over time their presence in the rare in EP2 and EP1; cave adapting habits to climate change that led to - change in raw material procurement (increase the end of the Pleistocene. of not determined class); The characteristic sauveterrian elements are - beginning of burial practices in the cave. attenuated if compared to the same features that The techno-economic features that announce identify the ancient Mesolithic in north-central the arrival of a sort of Mesolithic economy start Italy. This phenomenon, which characterize most from EP3: increase of geometric tools frequency is of settlements in central-south Italy, allows the probably related to climate change and availability identification of first Mesolithic in these territories of preys (decrease of ungulates biomass, as an attenuated Sauveterrian facies or as a disappearance of equidae, rarity of bovides, Sauveterroid aspect in final Epigravettian, which increase of birds hunting and fishing) (Tozzi 1999). lasts until early Holocene and has different features according to the local Epigravettian facies. Comparisons A more evident chronological break is instead In the Fucino lake we have Grotta di Pozzo between Sauveterrian and Castelnovian periods: in (Sauveterrian levels dated between 9370±80 and Continenza Cave there is a large chronological gap 8110±90 BP) with geometric tools (triangles) and after which lithic industry back to having a Sauveterrian points (Mussi et alii 2011) and predominant blade/bladelets production. In Ortucchio-Strada 28 (Angeli et alii 2011). In the general, the lithic complexes change and there is a central-south Adriatic area, only few sites show a massive introduction of trapezoidal tools stratigraphic sequence similar to the one of accompanied by new chipping technique, such as Continenza Cave while the sites in which the pressure. Unlike the Sauveterrian, in Continenza Castelnovian is present are rare (Latronico for Cave the Castelnovian complex has all the example). distinctive features and is in continuity with the Grotta delle Mura (BA) (Calattini and Morabito following Neolithic. 2006): Epigravettian/Sauveterrian sequence (but not in chronological continuity), with an increase of Gm1 and rare Sauveterre points at the end of REFERENCES ANGELI L., GRIFONI CREMONESI , R., NEGRINO F., RADI G., Epigravettian period. SERRADIMIGNI M., USALA M. (2011) - Le industrie Grotta Marisa (LE) (Astuti et alii 2005): mix of litiche di Grotta Continenza e Ortucchio-Strada 28, new Sauveterrian technology elements (small in Il Fucino 2011 , 55-66. discoid cores) and Epigravettian persistence, ASTUTI P., DINI M., GRIFONI CREMONESI R., KOZLOWSKY S., detectable in specialized tools (microgravettes). TOZZI C. (2005) - L’industria mesolitica di Grotta Grotta della Ferrovia (AN): increase of Gm1 Marisa (Lecce-Puglia) nel quadro delle industrie from the Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic, where litiche dell’Italia meridionale, Rivista di Scienze triangles and Sauveterre points increase (Peresani Preistoriche LV, 185-208. and Silvestrini 2007). BOSCHIAN G., GHISLANDI S. (2011) - Nuovi dati Grotta della Serratura (SA), on the Tyrrhenian geoarcheologici sulle grotte Continenza e Maritza, side of Italy: Late Epigravettian and Sauveterrian in Il Fucino 2011 , 40-54. are in continuity, with the first one second one; CALATTINI M., MORABITO L. (2006) - L’area B di Grotta typical phenomenon of south-central Italy; rare delle Mura: fasi mesolitiche e dell’Epigravettiano geometric tools, mainly Gm1 (Martini et alii 2007). finale, Rassegna di Archeologia 22 A, 105-112. IL FUCINO 2011 - Il Fucino e le aree limitrofe Conclusions nell’antichità .Atti del III Convegno di At Continenza Cave, elements that announce the Archeologia.Avezzano : Archeoclub della Marsica. arrival of a sort of Mesolithic economy and that MARTINI F., CILLI C., COLONESE A.C., DI GIUSEPPE Z., change because of climate change occur already GHINASSI M., GOVONI L., LO VETRO D., MARTINO G., from layer 34 (10230±110 BP), after a 600/1300 RICCIARDI S. (2007) - L'Epigravettiano tra 15.000 e years gap. Afterwards we see the massive 10.000 anni da oggi nel basso versante tirrenico: introduction of geometric tools and the microburin casi studio dell'area calabro-campana, in MARTINI technique. The Sauveterrian phase is dated around F., ed. - L'Italia tra 15.000 e 10.000 anni fa. 9800 years BP (as for example in Romagnano III, Cosmopolitismo e regionalità nel Tardoglaciale. where it is between 9880±70 BP and 9630±230 BP) Firenze : Edifir, 157-207. and is in chronological continuity with the MUSSI M., CANCELLIERI E., D’A NGELO E., FIORE I., MELIS R.T., RUSS H., SALVADEI L. (2011) - Ricerche a Grotta

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di Pozzo (AQ): 1992-2009, in Il Fucino MARTINI F., ed. - L'Italia tra 15.000 e 10.000 anni 2011 ,92-106. fa.Cosmopolitismo e regionalità nel Tardoglaciale. PELEGRIN J. (2000) - Les techniques de débitage Firenze : Edifir, 129-134. laminaire au Tardiglaciaire: critères de diagnose et TOZZI C. (1999) - L’alimentazione dei mesolitici in quelques réflexions , Memoires du Musée de Italia, in Actes des Vlle Rencontres culturelles Préhistoire d’Ile de France 73-86. interdisciplinaires de l'Alta Rocca , 63-66. PERESANI M., SILVESTRINI M. (2007) - Lo stato delle USALA M. (2011) - Note preliminari sull’industria ricerche sull’Epigravettiano recente delle Marche. mesolitica di Grotta Continenza (Trasacco-AQ) , in Il Ambiente, territorio, sistema insediativo, in Fucino 2011 , 526-530.

72 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 11:45

MARGHERITA MUSSI , ELISA BRUNELLI , EMANUELE CANCELLIERI , ELIANA CATELLI , EMANUELA D’A NGELO , GIUSEPPE DE ANGELIS , LUCA DI BIANCO , IVANA FIORE , MONICA GALA , ELEONORA GARGANI , RITA MELIS , FLAVIA PIARULLI , GIANCARLO RUTA

The Lateglacial and early Holocene sequence of Grotta di Pozzo (L’Aquila), in the mountains of central Italy

Grotta di Pozzo, at 710m asl and 42°N, is a small et Mésolithique. 5° Congrès UISPP, Paris : CTHS, cave in the central Apennines of Italy, opening at 465-472. the southern edge of a basin of tectonic origin, MUSSI M. (2010-2011) - Grotta di Pozzo (AQ, Italie surrounded by mountains reaching 1700-1800m centrale), une grotte ornée “au féminin”, in asl and more. A shallow lake, lake Fucino, CLOTTES J., ed. - L’art pléistocène dans le monde / developed in the basin during most of the Upper Pleistocene art of the world / Arte pleistoceno en el Pleistocene, extending over 150 km2 in historic mundo. Actes du Congrès IFRAO, Tarascon-sur- times before land reclamation. Ariège, septembre 2010. n° spécial de Préhistoire, Excavations were aimed at investigating the Art et Sociétés, Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Ariège-Pyrénées LXV-LXVI - 2012, 1783-1792. timing and mode of recolonisation of the central MUSSI M., CANCELLIERI E., D’A NGELO E., FIORE I., MELIS R.T., Apennines after the LGM. At the base of the deposit, RUSS H., SALVADEI L. (2011) - Ricerche a Grotta di fluvio-lacustrine pebbles and clays were deposited Pozzo (AQ): 1992-2009, in Il Fucino e le aree at the LGM during a high stand of the lake. The limitrofe nell’Antichità .Atti del III Convegno di archaeological sequence starts on top of them at Archeologia. Avezzano : Archeoclub della Marsica, 23ka cal BP, with layers including lithic industry of 92-106. the Early Epigravettian with shouldered points. MUSSI M., COCCA E., D’A NGELO E., FIORE I., MELIS R.T., RUSS After 16 ka cal BP, and up to 14.5 ka cal BP, the H. (2008) - Tempi e modi del ripopolamento lithics belong to the Late Epigravettian. Chamois, dell’Appennino centrale nel Tardiglaciale: nuove accompanied by ibex and red deer, dominates the evidenze da Grotta di Pozzo (AQ), in MUSSI M., ed. - fauna, while substantial fish (Salmo trutta ) Il Tardiglaciale in Italia – Lavori in corso , Oxford : exploitation also occurs in the uppermost BAR International Series 1859, 111-132. Lateglacial layers. Marmot and black grouse were MUSSI M., COUBRAY S., GIRAUDI C., MAZZELLA G., TONIUTTI both predated. P., WILKENS B., ZAMPETTI D. (2000) - L'exploitation Wall art, including bas-relief vulvas and a des territoires de montagne dans les Abruzzes Gönnersdorf silhouette, is related to the Late (Italie centrale) entre le Tardiglaciaire et Epigravettian occupation. l'Holocène ancien, in CROTTI P., ed. - Méso 97. Actes During the Holocene, between 10.5 and 9 ka cal de la Table Ronde "Epipaléolithique et BP, a shell ( Helix delpretiana ) accumulated, Mésolithique". Cahiers d'Archéologie Romande 81, with lithic industry belonging to the Sauveterrian. 277-284. MUSSI M., D’A NGELO E., FIORE I. (2004) - Escargots et All over the Lateglacial and Holocene sequence, autres “petites” ressources alimentaires: le cas de deposits and structures are well la Grotta di Pozzo (Abruzzes, Italie centrale), in documented. Middle- to long-distance contacts are BRUGAL J-PH., DESSE J., eds.- Petits Animaux et evidenced by the use of lithic raw materials not Sociétés Humaines. Antibes : Editions APCDA, 99- available locally and by marine shells. The 110. provisioning of ochre, used in conjunction with MUSSI M., LUBELL D., ARNOLDUS -HUYZENDVELD A., lithic remains, is currently under investigation. AGOSTINI S., COUBRAY S. (1995) - Holocene land snail exploitation in the highlands of Central Italy and REFERENCES Eastern : a comparison, Préhistoire CANCELLIERI E. (2015) - Over the Hills and Far Away. Européenne 7,169-189. Last Glacial Maximum Lithic Technology aroung the .MUSSI M., MELIS R.T., MAZZELLA G. (2003) - Grotta di Great Adriatic Plain . Oxford : Archaeopress Pozzo (prov. L’Aquila): oscillazioni climatiche e Archaeology. presenza umana tra Tardiglaciale e Olocene, in Atti LUBELL D., MUSSI M., MUSACCHIO A., AGOSTINI S., COUBRAY della XXXVI Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto S., GIRAUDI C. (1999) - Exploitation of Seasonal Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria , Firenze, 65-79. Resources in the Mountains of Abruzzo (Central Italy): Epigravettian to Neolithic, in THÉVENIN A., ed. - L’Europe des derniers chasseurs. Epipaléolithique

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Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 12:00

SIMONA ARRIGHI , DANIELE AURELI , FRANCESCO BOSCHIN , JACOPO CREZZINI , ERIKA MORETTI , ANNAMARIA RONCHITELLI

Inside the groove: contribution of 3D microscopy to the study of human behaviour

The use of 3D digital microscopy has many applications in archaeological research, particularly as it allows for very accurate micromorphological analysis of examined surfaces, enabling measurements in three dimensions (Boschin, Crezzini 2012; Crezzini et alii 2014; Ricci et alii in press). In taphonomic studies, 3D microscopy showed encouraging results to detect the different origin of marks on bone surfaces, allowing us to distinguish between inflicted by stone tools and those obtained by metal tools (Bello, Soligo 2008; Boschin, Crezzini 2012). The application of 3D technologies has also produced useful data related to engraved Palaeolithic mobiliary art (Bello et alii 2013; Güth 2012; Joordens et alii 2015; Moretti 2014), where research has made it possible to reconstruct the technical and artistic procedures followed by prehistoric artists. In particular a previous study on technological analysis of engraved Palaeolithic mobiliary art objects from Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico-FG) revealed substantial differences between cut marks and artistic incisions (Moretti 2014).

On these basis, the U.R. Preistoria e Fig. 1 - Measurements taken on the profiles ( after Antropologia of the University of Siena started a Boschin, Crezzini 2012 ). research project aimed at developing an experimental program to be applied to engraved twice in the same direction; and the third time, we Palaeolithic art objects. The goals are: cut grooves using the tool like a saw (i.e.: moving it 1. to characterize artistic engravings and bi-directionally). butchering marks on bone surfaces with The incisions were analysed using a Hirox KH- morphometrical parameters, creating and 7700 digital microscope with an MXG-10C body, an implementing an experimental reference collection; OL-140II lens and an AD-10S Directional Lighting 2. to differentiate engravings produced by Adapter. This instrument allows to create a 3D different types of lithic tools, integrating 3D image of the observed surface, allowing for the microscopy, experimental activity and techno- grooves to be observed from different points of functional approach. Here we focus our research on view. For each groove we collected metrical the possibility to differentiate between incisions parameters (breadth at the floor and breadth at the produced by un-retouched blanks and burins top of the groove). In order to describe the shape of (Moretti et alii 2015). each cross section, we calculated the ratio between A set of experimental engravings was produced the breadth at the top and the breadth at the floor on bone using burins and un-retouched blanks. of cut marks (fig. 1). Marks were inflicted on a roe deer scapula (dry Preliminary results show that tool type and the bone), a cattle innominate (fresh bone) and on a way in which cut marks were created influence the cattle scapula (after boiling to remove soft tissues). shape of the resulting groove. We conclude that We produced five striations on every material with morphological parameters can be used to each tool and repeated this for three times. The differentiate between marks produced using un- first time, we made single marks; the second time, retouched flint flakes and those produced using we cut grooves by moving the tool

74 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) burins (fig. 2). Incisions cut by moving the tool Cats and Cut Marks: Exploitation of Felis silvestris twice or bi-directionally, show more ancillary in the Mesolithic of Galgenbühel/Dos de la Forca striations in the main groove and higher values (South Tyrol, Italy), Quaternary International 330, both of breath at the top and breadth at the floor 52-60. (BT and BF in fig. 1). However, neither GÜTH A. (2012) - Using 3D scanning in the morphological nor morphometric analyses allow us investigation of Upper Palaeolithic engravings: to identify the state of the bone (fresh or dry) at the first results of a pilot study, Journal of moment of marking. Archaeological Science 39, 3105-3114. Moreover another important methodological Doi:10.1016 / j.jas.2012.04.029. result was achieved: experimental tools were JOORDENS J. C. A., D’E RRICO F., WESSELINGH F. P., MUNRO S., considered using a techno-functional approach DE VOS J., WALLINGA J., ANKJÆRGAARD C., REIMANN T., (Lepot 1993; Boëda 2013), with the aim to WIJBRANS J. R., KUIPER K. F., MÜCHER H. J., understand the role of the tool’s prehensile and COQUEUGNIOT H., PRIÉ V., JOOSTEN I., VAN OS B., SCHULP functional parts in the production of engravings. A. S., PANUEL M., VAN DER HAAS V., LUSTENHOUWER W., Our study showed that grooves have to be REIJMER J. J. G., ROEBROEKS W. (2014) - Homo considered in relation to the functional erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool characteristics of the used tool and not only to their production and engraving, Nature , Doi: techno-typological categorization, such as “burin” 10.1038/nature13962. or “un-retouched flake” (Moretti et alii 2015). LEPOT M. (1993) - Approche techno fonctionnelle de l'outillage lithique moustérien: essai de REFERENCES classification des parties actives en terme BELLO S., SOLIGO C. (2008) - A new method for the d'efficacité technique . Master thesis. Université quantitative analysis of cutmark micromorphology, Paris X Nanterre, France. Journal of Archaeological Science 35, 1452-1552. MORETTI E. (2014) - Il contributo della nuova Doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2007.10.018. tecnologia 3D Hirox nello studio dell’arte mobiliare BELLO S.M., DE GROOTE I., DELBARRE G. (2013) - di Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia). Application of 3-dimensional microscopy and Integrazione dell’analisi stilistica e tecnica su due micro-CT scanning to the analysis of opere dell’Epigravettiano evoluto . Tesi di Laurea portable art on bone and antler ,Journal of Magistrale. Dip. di scienze Fisiche, della terra e Archaeological Science 40, 2464-2476. Doi: dell'ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy. 10.1016 / j.jas.2012.12.016. MORETTI E., ARRIGHI S., BOSCHIN F., CREZZINI J., AURELI D., BOËDA E. (2013) - Techno-logique et technologie. Une RONCHITELLI A. (2015C) - Using 3D Microscopy to paleo-histoire des objets lithiques tranchants . Analyze Experimental Cut Marks on Animal Bones @rchéo-éditions. Produced with Different Stone Tools, BOSCHIN F., CREZZINI J. (2012) - Morphometrical EthnobiologyLetters 6 (2), 14-22. Analysis on Cut Marks Using a 3D Digital RICCI S., CAPECCHI G., BOSCHIN F., ARRIGHI S., RONCHITELLI Microscope, International Journal of A., CONDEMI S. (in press) - Toothpick Use Among Osteoarchaeology 22, 549-562. Doi: 10.1002/oa.1272. Epigravettian Humans from Grotta Paglicci (Italy), CREZZINI J., BOSCHIN F., WIERER U., BOSCATO P. (2014) - International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. Wild Cats and Cut Marks: Exploitation of Felis Wild

Fig. 2 – A. Cross-section of an experimental engraving produced with a burin; B. Cross-section of an experimental engraving produced with a un-retouched blank (modified from Moretti et alii 2015 ).

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Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 12:15

CARMINE COLLINA , BERNARD GASSIN

The Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic in Southern Italy (Uzzo Cave and Latronico 3) and the issue of the technical traditions in the North-west Mediterranean area during VII-VI millennium BC

The Mesolithic lithic industries of VII mill. cal. eastwards from the Uzzo promontory. Bladelets, BC belong to the wide cultural complex of the Late with widths generally less than or equal to 8 mm, Mesolithic, which presents from North Africa to were used primarily for the production of trapezes, Western Europe common features in clear symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, using the discontinuity with the oldest industries of Early microburin technique. The use of pressure in Mesolithic. Some technological and typological Mesolithic and Neolithic assemblages is indicated traits are widely shared by these industries: by several characters allowing to exclude the débitage of blades and bladelets obtained by superposing with the indirect percussion: the indirect percussion and / or pressure, notched regular and parallel arrises, the marked inclination blades (Montbani blades), trapezes. Several recent of the platform butt suggesting contact of the studies have focused on the evolution of these crutch on a dihedral, developed lips, high and well- industries (Perrin et alii 2010), on the delimited bulbs and wide faceted butts. Overhang characterization of the blades and bladelets of the butt is common. The cores are very small, débitage modes (Binder et alii 2012; Collina 2006; many with cortical residues, and the knapping 2012; 2015), on the functional characterization of production surfaces have a low transversal curve. these industries (Gassin et alii 2014). The study Bladelets are removed by a frontal débitage in initiated in 2015 starts from the work of one of the short series converging towards the centre of the authors (CC) and aims to create an integrated knapping production surface with a systematic approach to the study of the Mesolithic lithic diminution of the pressure platform by faceting. industries. In this work, we focused on the analysis The cave of Latronico 3 presents thick deposits of Meso-Neolithic lithic assemblages of Uzzo cave from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods (Dini et (-Sicily) and on the preliminary data from alii 2008). Mesolithic layers 41–55 are dated from technological and functional analysis of the the whole seventh millennium cal B.C. We Mesolithic series of Latronico 3 in Basilicata. These examined lithic series from layers 41 to 42 (Binder issues allows to shed lights on the whole of et alii 2012). Bladelets production, realized on a technical and cultural transformations between the very homogeneous grey flint, is similar to the Uzzo VII and VI mill. BC in the South of Italy. series. Trapezes are small,symmetrical or slightly Concerning Uzzo Cave, the trapezes production asymmetrical, with preferentially direct retouch. is an important element of continuity in The rare evidence for microburin facets confirm theMesolithic-Neolitihc sequence. The production the lack of microburins among the waste. A of trapezes is carried out through a special preliminary functional study focused on a sample standardization of production processes. Indeed of end-scrapers, lateral retouched blades, we recognized pressure (probably by hand) as the unretouched blades and trapezes from level A technique of débitage that characterizes continuity (layers 55-64). This study showed a good state of in the Mesolithic and Neolithic sequence (Binder et preservation of the use-wear traces and allowed us alii 2012; Collina 2012; 2015). At the beginning of to obtain the first information about the function of the Neolithic occupation we observe also technical the sampled tools. Scrapers (N: 16) were used to discontinuity elements that seem to get lost in the scrape dried hide; in one instance, the use of ochre main tradition represented by the pressure was associated with this function. The greater (Collina 2012; 2015).The Late Mesolithic or development of use-wear on the retouched upper ‘Transition’ deposits from Trench F, layers 11–14, face indicates that the lower face was the rake face are dated from the early seventh millennium cal (the face forward to the movement). Most of the B.C. The lithic assemblages provided a very large scrapers are very little, between 9.6 and 14.9 mm set of blades and trapezes and all stages of the width, between 13.6 and 42.1 mm length. The chaînes opératoires are present from the rough proximal fracture on some of them could result material to retouched tools and waste (Collina from a breakage at the limit of the handle, during 2015). Bladelets were removed from small flint use or resharpening. Some of the very short pebbles of high quality, collected on the beaches scrapers (for instance 17.2 mm length) are not

76 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) broken, so the length is the actual length at the end notched bladelets have been found on numerous of the use of the . Together with some sites from Western Europe and Northern Africa possible traces, this demonstrates that (Gassin et alii 2014; Gueret et alii 2014), dating these scrapers were hafted. These scrapers were from the Late Mesolithic. 36 geometric tools vigorously used to remove some material, to clean (trapezes), either symmetric or asymmetric ones, and thin hides. have been studied. 5 were bearing impact fractures. After sampling through observation under 1 symmetric trapeze and 2 asymmetric ones were binocular microscope, 6 notched bladelets were used as transverse , two asymmetric analysed. They can have one or several notches trapezes bearing traces which could result from that sometimes give them a serrated appearance. their use as piercing or transverse arrowheads. The notches –always on the upper face- are the This report is different from those made by actual use zones. Some other use zones Cristiani (Cristiani et alii 2009) for Gaban, and by (unretouched sides) are present on the same Gibaja for Cocina (Garcia Puchol et alii 2014), bladelets. These tools were used to scrape some where there are systematically asymmetrical hard or semi-hard material. Wood and hard animal trapezes used as points or side barbs. The material (bone or antler) were determined in some proportion of asymmetrical trapezes increases in instances. The notches were always used in the time at Latronico, it will be interesting to explore same way, developing a similar distribution of the this evolution in terms of hafting of the geometric use-wear: the lower face, with a very marginal tools. A few mesial fragments of bladelets were the bevel, was the end flank (the face backward the object of a fast examination. Very few traces were movement); the upper face (the retouched part), found. was the rake face (the one that raised the shaving). A small number present probable butchering This position allows scraping pieces that are almost traces. The hypothesis of Dini et alii (2008), which flat, and not only very thin wood or bone pieces. envisaged that certain mesial fragments are The notches result from voluntary retouch, instead equivalents of the geometric tools, was not of use-retouch. This special retouch and use of confirmed by the observation of impact traces on

Figure 1 – L3 – 9D – 49 - 941. Scraper. Edge rounding, polish and striations resulting from working dry hide. L3 – 8D – 51 – 1000. Notched blade. Used zone 4: polished convex bevel on lower face, resulting from scraping rigid material, probably hard animal material.

77 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) mesial fragments. Also, we did not observe other mesolitici e neolitici, in Atti della XLI Riunione use than the likely cutting of soft material Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e (animal?). However, the observed sample has a low Protostoria (I), Firenze, 447-460. size and it will be advisable to revise these COLLINA C. (2015) - Le Néolithique ancien en Italie du questions. Sud. Evolution des industries lithiques entree VIIe et During VI mill. cal B.C. the Impresso-Cardial VIe millénaire. Oxford : Archaeopress Archaeology. complex in Southern Italy shows a complex raw CRISTIANI E., PEDROTTI A., GIALANELLA S. (2009) - material economy and a complex economy of Tradition and innovation between the Mesolithic débitage with diversified technical behaviours. and Early Neolithic in the Adige Valley (Northeast Italy). New data from a functional and residues Pressure blade productions are documented for the analyses of trapezes from Gaban rockshelter, earliest Neolithic around 5900–5600 cal B.C. Documenta Praehistorica XXXVI, 191-205. (Collina 2015). At Scamuso and Uzzo the bladelet DINI M., GRIFONI CREMONESI R., KOZLOWSKI S., MOLARA G., modules are very close to Mesolithic ones. On the TOZZI C. (2008) - L’industria castelnoviana della contrary, the archaic Impressa and Guadone Grotta di Latronico 3 (Potenza Italia), Preistoria contexts of Rendina, Ripa Tetta, La Starza Alpina 43, 49-74. document a much more impressive blade GARCÍA PUCHOL O., MAZZUCCO N., GIBAJA BAO J.F., production probably linked to the exploitation of CABANILLES J.J. (2014) - Use-Wear Analysis of a Set the flint mines. of Geometric Projectils from the Mesolithic This study is part of the project MeNeMOIA (Du Context of Cocina Cave (Eastern Spain), in Mésolithique au Néolithique en Méditerranée MARREIROS J., BICHO N., J.F. GIBAJA J.F. eds. - occidentale: l’impact africain, direction Thomas International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis. Perrin). Actes du colloque de Faro, 2012, 213-222. GASSIN B., GIBAJA J.F., ALLARD P., BOUCHERAT T., CLAUD E., REFERENCES CLEMENTE I., GUERET C., JACQUIER J., KHEDHAIER R., BINDER D., COLLINA C., GUILBERT R., PERRIN T., GARCIA MATCHAND G., MAZZUCCO N., PALOMO A., PERALES U., PUCHOL O. (2012) - Pressure-Knapping Blade PERRIN T., PHILIBERT S., RODRÍGUEZ A., TORCHY L. Production in the North-Western Mediterranean (2014) - Late Mesolithic notched blades from Region During the Seventh Millennium cal B.C., in Western Europe and North Africa: technological DESROSIERS P. M. ed. - The Emergence of Pressure and functional variability, in MARREIROS J., BICHO N., Knapping. From Origin to Modern Experimentation , GIBAJA J.F. eds. - International Conference on Use- Springer US, 199-217. Wear Analysis. Actes du colloque de Faro, 2012, COLLINA C. (2006) - Gestione della materia prima e 224-231. sistemi tecnici alla Grotta dell’Uzzo. Risultati GUÉRET C., GASSIN B., JACQUIER J., MARCHAND G. (2014) - dell’analisi petrografica e tecnologica Traces of plant crafting in the Mesolithic shell dell’industria litica dei livelli neolitici, in in Atti midden of Beg-an-Dorchenn (Plomeur, France), della XXXIX Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Mesolithic Miscellan y 22(3), 3-15. Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria , Firenze, PERRIN T., MARCHAND G., ALLARD P., BINDER D., COLLINA C., 472-476. GARCÍA PUCHOL O., VALDEYRON N. (2010) - Le second COLLINA C. (2012) - Sistemi tecnici e chaînes Mésolithique d’Europe occidentale: origines et opératoires alla grotta dell’Uzzo (Trapani). Analisi gradient chronologique, Annales de la Fondation tecnologica delle industrie litiche dai livelli Fyssen 24, 160-176.

78 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 15:00

BRIGITTE HOLT , ERIN WHITTEY

Mobility and lower limb morphology: the impact of terrain.

The skeletal remains of past human populations instance, many Mesolithic and Upper Paleolithic provide invaluable windows onto the evolution of sites include mountainous and rugged terrain. The human morphology, in particular because the possible confounding effects of physical terrain on range of behaviors of ancient humans was much lower limb bone robusticity and shape is rarely more variable than it is today, implying a evaluated. correspondingly much more variable mechanical Here, we investigate the possible impact of environments. Because bone adapts to these terrain on lower limb bone robusticity patterns in mechanical stimuli, the shape and size of long adult skeletons from European sites covering a bones can be used to evaluate the impact of time span from around 40,000 BP to the present. subsistence changes on the skeletons of past Local terrain for each site was quantified with populations. One common application of this ArcGIS mapping software using USGS elevation approach has focused on the presumed link data, and characterized as flat, hilly, or between mobility and lower limb bone structure. mountainous. We show that groups from hilly and Populations that engage in large amounts of long mountainous regions have significantly higher distance walking and running should have stronger tibial robusticity and antero-posterior relative to femora and tibiae, and, in response to the direction medio-lateral bending strength than either hilly or of resulting strains, more bone should be deposited flat area groups. Interestingly, these differences are in the antero-posterior (AP) plane. The earliest particularly accentuated for pre-Bronze Age modern humans from the last Ice Age in Europe (Upper Paleolithic to Neolithic) periods. This (Upper Paleolithic, 40,000-10,000 years BP) vary suggests that walking or climbing sloped surfaces significantly in femur and tibia cross-sectional is associated with greater A-P bending loads about shape. Femora and tibiae from the early part of the the knee joint, so relatively greater lower limb A-P Upper Paleolithic (EUP) exhibit thick and oval bending strength should be expected with more cortical shapes, while later ones (LUP) show rugged local terrain, but only in populations whose decreased thickness and more circular cross- subsistence includes elevated physical activity. sections. One of us has argued elsewhere that the This points to the need of considering local extremely asymmetrical shape of EUP long bones topography when considering the behavioral reflects elevated mobility. Hunter-gatherers, implications of lower limb bones morphology. however, rarely move on flat terrain. In Italy, for

79 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 15:15

DOMENICO LO VETRO , ANDRÈ CARLO COLONESE , ZELIA DI GIUSEPPE , WALTER LANDINI , FABIO MARTINI

Human response to Late Palaeolithic-Early Mesolithic transition: stone tool production and resources exploitation of the last hunter-gatherers in SW Sicily

Recent archaeological investigations are revising our understanding of the cultural, economic and ecological framework of the last hunter-gatherer groups in NW Sicily between the Late Pleistocene and the early Holocene (from 14 to 8 kya cal. BP). Here we present the main results of a multidisciplinary study on lithics and faunal remains retrieved from four Palaeo-Mesolithic coastal cave sites in NW Sicily: Grotta d’Oriente and Grotta delle Uccerie on Island, and Grotta di Cala Mancina and Isolidda on the western side of the San Vito lo Capo peninsula (fig. 1) (Lo Vetro and Martini 2012; Martini et alii 2012a, 2012 b, 2012c, 2012d; Lo Vetro et alii in press). At Grotta d’Oriente and Cala Mancina, in particular, the exhaustive study of faunal Fig. 1 - Location of Mesolithic sites cited in the text: 1- assemblages, supported by analysis of the oxygen 2, Grotta d’Oriente and Grotta delle Uccerie; 3-4, isotopic composition of land snail shells, suggests a Grotta di Cala Mancina and Isolidda. transition from a dry to a wet climate between the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene, in agreement Late Upper Palaeolithic with palaeoenvironmental records from other At Oriente (layer 7), Uccerie (layer 4) and deposits in Sicily and in the western Mediterranean Isolidda (SU21 – spits 19-17), Late Epigravettian (Colonese et alii 2009, 2011; Lo Vetro, Martini chaine opératoires are aimed to obtain a wide 2012; Iid. 2016 and references therein). range of, bladelets and blades among which large Marine faunal remains from the four caves also blanks are frequent. Several long blades over 50 indicate that local exploitation of coastal resources mm in length attest to the exploitation of large responded to the rapid sea level rise and to the prismatic cores gradually reduced by direct sudden changes of the coastal landscape from the percussion through standardized and simple Late Pleistocene (Colonese et alii 2014). It is likely unidirectional methods. The largest and thickest that the encroaching coastline increased the blades are transformed mainly into end-scrapers, profitability of exploiting marine resources at these side-scrapers and truncations, but also backed sites. tools like the well-known curved backed point This would explain the increasingly local use of which is one of the most peculiar types of the shellfish and fish from the Late Pleistocene to the Sicilian Late Epigravettian toolkit (Fig. 2). The Holocene. However, due to bathymetric differences smallest blanks are transformed to obtain between the study areas, the progressive sea level geometrics (triangles, crescents and trapezoidal segments), the average size of which is larger than rise impacted these coastal regions differently. the microliths of the coeval peninsular assemblages. For example, while the slow and gradual ascent In a general view, Late Epigravettian industries in of the seafloor promoted the progressive isolation Sicily are characterized by a high ratio of medium- of Favignana (Antonioli et alii 2002) and caused the large size tools in contrast with the Peninsula rapid advancement of the coastline to Grotta where the dimensional trend of the lithic d’Oriente and Uccerie, the steep bathymetry on the assemblages is marked by a progressive western side of San Vito lo Capo reveals that Cala microlitisation. Mancina and Isolidda were really never far from Late Epigravettian subsistence is well the coastline. Therefore, in addition to the sea level documented at Oriente and Uccerie. It is almost rise, coastal resource use was also dictated by exclusively based on the hunting of medium-large other factors, such as site function, for example. herbivores. Cervus elaphus dominates the mammal

80 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) faunal assemblage, which also includes Sus scrofa, pebbles were intensively exploited through Bos primigenius, Equus hydruntinus and Vulpes unidirectional flaking in order to obtain micro- and vulpes. Fish remains are rare, and mollusc hyper-micro blanks, in particular bladelets. Some assemblages are mainly characterized by estuarine typological features reveal a persistence of the with some freshwater species that have no Epigravettian tradition: long end-scrapers, convex- nutritional value and were most likely transported backed points (sometimes similar to crescents), incidentally within the cave. rare large backed tools and different variants of triangles, trapezes and crescents very similar in Mesolithic morphology to the Epigravettian ones but smaller In Sicily during the Early Holocene the lithic in size (generally hyper-micro). Peculiar end- industries reveal the presence of different facies, scrapers with lateral notches similar to those of each with its own peculiar techno-typological Grotta dell’Uzzo have been found at Isolidda (SU25- features: a) an Epigravettian-tradition microlithic spit 16 upper). As in the other regions, a size facies, b) a Sauveterrian-like facies, c) the reduction process characterises the stone Undifferentiated Epipalaeolithic (Lo Vetro and assemblages in Sicily. The high microlithism of the Martini 2012, 2016 and references therein). Epigravettian -tradition microlithic facies appears In NW Sicily only the first two facies occur. The as an independent phenomenon not influenced by earliest Mesolithic stone production consists in a external influxes. local aspect, called Epigravettian-tradition In Sicily, Sauveterrian-like industries appear microlithic facies, characterised by microliths and during the first centuries of the 10 th millennium very small common tools (fig. 3). At Cala Mancina (layers 3 and 2), small blocks and locally collected

Fig. 2 - Late Epigravettian stone assemblages from Gotta d’Oriente – layer 7 ( after Martini et alii 2012d ).

81 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) cal. BP. This facies, partly coeval to the Regarding the typological features, peculiar Epigravettian-tradition microlithic facies, is morphologies are present among the armatures: documented in NW Sicily at Oriente (layer 6) and at short double-backed points with convex edges, Isolidda (SU21 - spit 17upper and SU25) (fig. 3). lozenge-shaped backed points. Other typologies are Compared with the local Epigravettian-tradition comparable to the continental Sauveterrian models, facies, innovative elements occur in terms of both such as triangular double-backed points nd roof- technological and typological aspects. The shaped end-scrapers. reduction methods, similar to those of the Although early Holocene hunter-gatherers in peninsular Sauveterrian, belong to technological Sicily obtained most of their food from terrestrial concepts unknown in the previous local resources, the Mesolithic layers in all four sites Epigravettian. Flaking is oriented towards the indicate important changes in local subsistence. production of micro- and hyper-micro blanks For example, the mammal remains are dominated through the intensive exploitation of prismatic and by C. elaphus, while E. hydruntinus is absent and discoid cores starting from small pebbles and Sus scrofa is more frequent. cobbles collected locally. Prismatic cores, aimed at The faunal record also attests to a more or less producing bladelets and laminar flakes, are systematic exploitation of marine resources exploited mainly through unidirectional methods, (shellfish and fish at Oriente and Cala Mancina, while bidirectional flaking generally seems to be almost exclusively molluscs at Isolidda and Uccerie focused on the complete exhaustion of the cores. A -layer 2-3). Stable isotope studies of human bone centripetal method on discoid cores is used in the collagen from Mesolithic Sicily demonstrate that production of flakes, and occasionally seems to terrestrial mammals were the main source of occur at the final stage of the unidirectional dietary protein (Mannino et alii 2011, 2012, 2015), reduction in order to completely exploit the cores. nevertheless our results emphasise the importance

Fig. 3 - Mesolithic stone assemblages in NW Sicily. Top rows: Epigravettian-tradition microlithic facies from Grotta di Cala Mancina (layers 2–3); middle rows: Sauveterrian-like facies from Grotta d’Oriente; bottom rows: Sauveterrian-like items from Isolidda ( after Lo Vetro, Martini 2016 ).

82 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) of fishing and shellfish collection in the economy of shells from the Central Mediterranean basin: data Mesolithic peoples of this region since the from Grotta d’Oriente (Favignana, Sicily), beginning of the Holocene.Fish and shellfish Quaternary International 244, 76-87. consumed occasionally as a complement to COLONESE A.C., L O VETRO D., MARTINI F. (2014) - terrestrial resources may be obscured by the Holocene coastal change and intertidal mollusc terrestrial protein signals in collagen stable carbon exploitation in the central Mediterranean: and nitrogen isotopes. variations in shell size and morphology at Grotta A comparison between Oriente and Cala d’Oriente (Sicily), Archaeofauna 23, 181-192. Mancina shows some interesting differences in COLONESE A.C., D I GIUSEPPE Z., L O VETRO D., MARTINI F., marine exploitation/processing. For example, LANDINI W. (in press) - Mesolithic coastal exploitation in Mediterranean regions: snapshots people at Grotta d’Oriente consumed (or processed) from Grotta di Cala Mancina (Sicily), in The 8th within the cave primarily rocky shore taxa, such as International Conference on the Mesolithic in Patella and Phorcus. At Cala Mancina, however, in- Europe . Santander (Spain). 13th - 17th September situ consumption (or processing) of shellfish was 2010. focused almost exclusively on Phorcus turbinatus. IIPP 2012 - Dai Ciclopi agli Ecisti: società e territorio Compared to Cala Mancina, the Grotta d’Oriente nella Sicilia preistorica e protostorica. Atti della XLI deposit provided a larger number of fish remains Riunione Scientifica, San Cipirello (PA), 16-19 and individuals of a larger average size (on-going Novembre 2006. Firenze : Istituto Italiano di study). Preistoria e Protostoria. Conclusion LO VETRO D., COLONESE A.C., MANNINO M.A., THOMAS K.D., DI GIUSEPPE Z., MARTINI F. (in press) - The Mesolithic The Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Sicily occupation at Isolidda (San Vito Lo Capo), Sicily, in corresponds to a cultural and economic FONTANA F., VISENTIN D., WIERER U., eds. - transformation which is clearly evidenced in the Proceedings of the MesoLife Conference. Selva di stone assemblages and faunal composition Cadore, 11th-14th June 2014. Preistoria Alpina, 48. preserved in several Paleo-Mesolithic deposits LO VETRO D., MARTINI F. (2016) - Mesolithic in Central- from the NW area of the island. In respect to the Southern Italy: Overview of lithic productions, Late Epigravettian industries, Early Mesolithic Quaternary International , http://dx.doi.org/ assemblages indicate a significant change involving 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.043. the whole production system. At the same time, LO VETRO D., MARTINI F. (2012) - Il Paleolitico e il data inferred from the faunal record point to an Mesolitico in Sicilia, in IIPP 2012 , 19-48. enhanced importance of coastal resources, MANNINO M.A., THOMAS K.D., LENG M.J., DI SALVO R., probably driven by the overall stress of terrestrial RICHARDS M.P. (2011) - Stuck to the shore? resources due to long-term human predation. Investigating prehistoric hunter-gatherer Although marine resources were not used as a subsistence, mobility and territoriality in a staple food, the observed geographic and Mediterranean coastal landscape through isotope chronological variability implies a suite of analyses on marine mollusk shell carbonates and traditional knowledge including techniques, human bone collagen, Quaternary International habitats and resources, that must have been 244, 88-104. successfully transmitted through generations. MANNINO M.A., CATALANO G., TALAMO S., MANNINO G., DI SALVO R., SCHIMMENTI V., LALUEZA - C., MESSINA A.,

PETRUSO D., CARAMELLI D., RICHARDS M.P., SINEO L. REFERENCES (2012) - Origin and diet of the prehistoric hunter- ANTONIOLI F., CREMONA G., IMMORDINO F., PUGLISI C., gatherers on the Mediterranean Island of ROMAGNOLI C., SILENZI S., VALPREDA E., VERRUBBI V. Favignana (Egadi Islands, Sicily), PLoS One 7 (11), (2002) - New data on the Holocenic sea level rise 49802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. in NW Sicily (Central ), Global 0049802. and Planetary Change 34, 121-140. MANNINO M.A., TALAMO S., TAGLIACOZZO A., FIORE I., OLONESE ROELSTRA IVERI ARTINI O C A.C., T S., Z P., M F., L NEHLICH O., PIPERNO M., TUSA S., COLLINA C., D I SALVO ETRO OMMASINI V D., T S. (2009) - Mesolithic shellfish R., SCHIMMENTI V., RICHARDS M.P. (2015) - Climate- exploitation in SW Italy: seasonal evidence from driven environmental changes around 8,200 years the oxygen isotopic composition of Osilinus ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and turbinatus shells, Journal of Archaeological Science Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them, 36, 1935-1944. Scientific Reports 5, 16288; http://dx.doi: COLONESE A.C., ZANCHETTA G., DRYSDALE R.N., FALLICK A.E., 10.1038/srep16288. MANGANELLI G., LO VETRO D., MARTINI F., DI GIUSEPPE Z. MARTINI F., LO VETRO D., BAGLIONI L., ALISI A., CILLI C., (2011) - Stable isotope composition of Late COLONESE A.C., DI GIUSEPPE Z., LOCATELLI E., MAZZA P., Pleistocene - Holocene Eobania vermiculata SALA B., TUSA S. (2012a), Nuove ricerche a Grotta (Müller, 1774) (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)

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Racchio-Gruppo dell'Isolidda (San Vito Lo Capo, risultati della campagna di scavo 2005 a Grotta Trapani): primi risultati, in IIPP 2012 , 353-366. delle Uccerie (Favignana, Trapani), in IIPP2012 , MARTINI F., LO VETRO D., BRILLI P., COLONESE A.C., DI 289-302. GIUSEPPE Z., FORZISI V., LOCATELLI E., PEDROLLI C., SALA MARTINI F., LO VETRO D., COLONESE A.C., CILLI C., DE B., TUSA S. (2012b) - Dati preliminari sul Mesolitico CURTIS O., D I GIUSEPPE Z., GIGLIO R., LOCATELLI E., di Grotta di Cala Mancina (S. Vito lo Capo, Trapani): SALA B., TUSA S. (2012d) - Primi risultati sulle Paletnologia e ambiente, in IIPP2012 , 423-436. nuove ricerche stratigrafiche a Grotta d'Oriente MARTINI F., LO VETRO D., CASCIARI S., COLONESE A.C., DI (Favignana, Trapani). Scavi 2005, in IIPP2012 , GIUSEPPE Z., GIGLIO R., TUSA S. (2012c) - Primi 319-332.

84 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 15:30

GIANPIERO DI MAIDA

The art of the Sicilian Lateglacial-Early Holocene caves. A revision of the record and the application of new methodologies.

Sicily has one of the most relevant record of study (like the palaeo-environment, the material Lateglacial art in Europe. Immediately after the culture, etc.). WWII, mainly thanks to the sensational discoveries During the I Annual Meeting of Prehistory and of the Genovese and the Addaura caves (Graziosi Protohistory, beside a general overview over my 1962; Bovio Marconi 1953), a growing interest PhD research project, I will briefly describe the 3D followed the forthcoming researches and granted documentation methods, using two case studies to Sicily a special place in the field of (the Genovese and the Addaura caves). I will then studies (Leroi-Gourhan 1965). But the interest give a short summary of the sampling campaign for then started to decrease and both the the Th/U dating attempts (October 2015); and documentation and the study of the art were no finally, I will present to the audience brief notes on more able to keep the pace with the tumultuous the results obtained up to here from the development of the ’s application of these methodologies. methodology. The main aim of my PhD is to fill – at least REFERENCES partially – those holes in the research. BOVIO MARCONI I. (1953) - Incisioni rupestri After the realization of a pilot study (Tusa et alii dell’Addaura (Palermo), Bullettino di Paletnologia 2013), within a project of research of the Graduate Italiana , n.s. VIII (V), 5-22. School “Human Development in Landscapes” of the GARCÍA -DIEZ M., HOFFMANN D. L., ZILHÃO J., DE LAS HERAS University of Kiel (Germany), I started the revision C., LASHERAS J. A., MONTES R., PIKE A.W.G. (2013) - of the Sicilian Lateglacial art sites, by reconsidering Uranium series dating reveals a long sequence of the chronology and the distribution of them. The rock art at Altamira Cave (Santillana del Mar, next steps are the stylistic analysis and the Cantabria), Journal of Archaeological Science 40, comparison of the art record with the main 4098–4106. contemporary artistic manifestation of the GRAZIOSI P. (1962) - Levanzo. Pitture e incisioni , European Upper Palaeolithic. Firenze. The innovative sides of this research are: LEROI -GOURHAN A. (1965) - Préhistoire de l'art - the application to the Sicilian record of new occidental , Paris. PIKE A.W.G., HOFFMANN D.L., GARCÍA -DIEZ M., PETTITT P.B., methodologies, like the 3D recording or the ALCOLEA J., DE BALBIN R., GONZÁLEZ -SAINZ C., DE LAS carbonate calcite sampling for the Th/U dating HERAS C., LASHERAS J.A., MONTES R., ZILHÃO J. (2012) - (García-Diez et alii 2013; Pike et alii 2012; in U-series dating of Paleolithic art in 11 caves in collaboration with an international team composed Spain, Science 336, 1409–1413. by D.L. Hoffmann, J. Zilhão, M. García-Diez e A.W.G. TUSA S., DI MAIDA G., PASTOORS A., PIEZONKA H., WENIGER Pike); G.-C., TERBERGER T. (2013) - The Grotta Di Cala Dei - an integrated approach that aims to Genovesi – New Studies on the Ice Age Cave Art on reconsider the art in relation with the whole set of Sicily, Praehistorische Zeitschrift 88, 1–22. data available for the different sites and areas of

85 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Podium Presentation - 5/02 h 15:45

DAVIDE VISENTIN , FEDERICA FONTANA , GABRIELE L.F. BERRUTI , STEFANO BERTOLA , SARA ZIGGIOTTI

The first Holocene occupation of the Emilian Po plain: techno-economical data from the Sauveterrian site of Collecchio (Parma)

This site of Collecchio (Parma, Northern Italy) is 70 BP, LTL6147A; 9119-8564 cal BC, 2σ, 9442 ± 60 the richest Early Mesolithic deposit to have been BP, LTL12390A) have allowed referring the the object of an extensive excavation in the occupation of the site to the mid-part of the southern Po Plain, thus representing a key-site to Preboreal thus attesting the first evidence of a investigate aspects of human re-peopling in this stable settlement in the region, possibly area after the LGM (investigations were conducted encouraged by the establishment of favourable between 1994 and 1995 under the supervision of environmental conditions. the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Emilia Techno-economical analyses have focused on Romagna). The site is located on the top of the Taro the identification of lithic raw materials sources, river alluvial fan (106 m a.s.l.), close to the reconstruction of reduction sequences and Apennine foothill (fig. 1) and has yielded a varied identification of the main functional aspects of the record of archaeological findings including organic assemblage.The large spectrum of lithologies remains (charcoal, malacofauna, macrofaunal and documents a strictly local provisioning system carpological remains) and a rich lithic assemblage based on the exploitation of the alluvial and slope composed of more than 7,500 artefacts clustered deposits that characterise the corresponding over an area of around 65 m2, which most Apennine valleys (Taro, Baganza, Enza) (Visentin probably represents only part of the original etalii 2014). The reduction processes are strictly occupied area (Visentin et alii 2016). Two connected to the different raw materials radiocarbon dates (9251-8814 cal BC, 2σ, 9643 ± exploited

Fig. 1 – Location of Collecchio and the other Sauveterrian Po plain and Apennine sites of the region (Visentin, Fontana 2015 ).

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Fig. 2 - Collecchio, refitting assemblage attesting orthogonal reorientation. Debitage products are symbolized by a crossed ; a solid circle indicates the presence of the butt ( photo by D. Visentin ) ( Visentin et alii 2016 ).

Fig. 3 - Collecchio, lithic assemblage: 1. backed point; 2-4. double backed points; 5. backed and truncated bladelet; 6. backed and truncated point; 7. backed fragment; 8-12. crescents; 13. scalene triangle with an impact fracture; 14. microburin; 15. Krukowski microburin; 16-18. burins and corresponding burin spalls; 19-20 endscrapers; 21. oblique truncated bladelet ( drawings by S. Ferrari ) ( Fontana, Visentin 2015 ).

87 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) and two separated sequences have been identified Europe, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 29 august-2 respectively applied to fine and medium quality september 2005. Oxford : Oxbow Books, vol. I, materials (cherts, radiolarites, spiculitic cherts and 296-302. partially silified limestones) (fig. 2) and to a coarse FONTANA F., VISENTIN D. (2015 in press) - Between the siltstone. One of the most peculiar aspects of the Venetian Alps and the Emilian Apennines lithic assemblage is represented by the high (Northern Italy): highland vs. lowland occupation number of burins which could imply a certain in the early Mesolithic, Quaternary International . degree of economic specialisation (fig. 3). Within http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.014 the regional settlement system Collecchio VISENTIN D., FONTANA F., BERTOLA S. (2014) - An Atypical Early Mesolithic Occupation in the represented a seasonal base camp of mid-term Southern Po Plain: Evidence from the Site of duration, characterised by activity areas organised Collecchio (Parma, Italy), in HENRY A., around fireplaces and mostly oriented towards the MARQUEBIELLE B., CHESNAUX L., MICHEL S., eds. - processing of organic hard and soft materials and, Techniques and Territories: New Insights into only secondarily, to hunting practises. From this Mesolithic Cultures. Proceedings of the Round table, viewpoint Collecchio represents a peculiar site Maison de la recherche, Toulouse (France), within the framework of the Early Holocene human November 22-23 2012, P@lethnology, 6, 123-128. occupation of the Emilian area (Fontana et alii VISENTIN , D., FONTANA , F. (2015 in press) - An intra-site 2009a, 2009b, Fontana and Visentin 2015) where perspective on the Sauveterrian lowland occupation mostly short-term hunting camps are documented of the Emilian Po plain (Northern Italy) , Quaternary (Visentin and Fontana 2015). International . http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.104 REFERENCES VISENTIN D., ANGELUCCI D. E., BERRUTI G., BERTOLA S., LEIS FONTANA F. CREMONA M.G., CAVALLARI P., GAZZONI V., M., MARCHESINI M., MARVELLI M., PEZZI M., RIZZOLI E., PALAVANCHI S. (2009) - Variability of lithic technical THUN HOHENSTEIN U., ZIGGIOTTI S., FONTANA F. (2016 systems in the Sauveterrian of the Southern Po in press) - First evidence of human peopling in the Plain, Human Evolution 24 (2), 153-164. southern Po plain after the LGM: the early FONTANA F., CREMONA M. G., FERRARI E., GUARISCO F., Sauveterrian site of Collecchio (Parma, Northern MENGOLI D. (2009) - People and their land at the Italy), in FONTANA F., VISENTIN D., WIERER U., eds. - southern margins of the central Po Plain in the Proceedings of the International Conference Early Mesolithic, in MCCARTAN S.B., SCHULTING R., MesoLife, Selva di Cadore, 11-14 June 2014, WARREN G., WOODMAN P., eds. - Mesolithic horizons. Preistoria Alpina, 48. 7th International Conference on the Mesolithic in

88 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

FLAVIO ALTAMURA , MARGHERITA MUSSI

Scanty but meaningful: results of research on the Upper Paleolithic in the Alban Hills (near Rome, Italy)

In recent decades, archeological research in the which proved that about a third of them were Alban Hills (a relief of volcanic origin rising a few found in situations that are not reliable from a kilometers SE of Rome) has shown that the area chrono-stratigraphic viewpoint. In particular, many was frequented by Paleolithic communities. Traces of these artifacts were associated with medieval of Neanderthal occupation have been found in and modern materials, and had been recovered as various sites at the foot of the massif. siliceous raw material in historical times to be used Systematic collections plus occasional finds as flints for fire-strikers. Accordingly, they do not have led to the recovery of hundreds of stone tools, reflect the dynamics of Pleistocene frequentation of mostly made on siliceous pebbles and resembling, the area, for they had probably been gathered from from a techno-typological standpoint, the so-called archeological surface layers on the Pontine plain Pontinian industries (Rolfo 2010; Rolfo et alii and brought up to the Alban Hills in more recent 2007). centuries (Altamura 2013). The evidence for the Upper Paleolithic, on the The remaining finds, mostly collected in the contrary, is rather scarce. A few dozen stone tools southern part of the ancient caldera (which come from chance finds and surface collections in comprises the Pratoni del Vivaro area and the the foothills of the ancient volcano, in areas Artemisio mountain range), have very specific previously frequented by Neanderthals (e.g. features. This lithic industry, which may be mostly Chiarucci 1979; Gizzi 1979). In the upper part of attributed to the Final Epigravettian (12-10,000 the massif, i.e. more than 300 meters a.s.l., traces of BP), consists of cores and tools in their last stages this period are even rarer: about 40 artifacts are of exploitation. These objects were probably known, all of them resulting from surface brought to the Alban Hills (which, being volcanic, collections or found in later contexts (Rolfo 2010; contain no flint, see Giordano et alii 2010) as Altamura, Rolfo in press). finished or semi-finished products (Altamura, Rolfo Studies of the contexts and of the finds led to in press). Among the finds, however, there is a further critical scrutiny of these few artifacts, significant presence of portable art and objects

Fig. 1 - a) the Alban Hills massif, with the location of the recovered artifacts; b-c) portable art and ocher-stained artifacts. Ochred portions are highlighted in grey (drawings: N. Tomei; F. Altamura ).

89 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) colored with ocher (fig. 1a). Recent discoveries Bollettino della Unione Storia ed Arte 9. include a female figurine scratched on a basalt CATELLI E., ALTAMURA F., GAZZOLI D., MUSSI M. (2015) - cobble (fig. 1b, 1), two /retouchers The use of Raman spectroscopy for the decorated with engraved lines or ocher (fig. 1b, 2; characterization of archaeological ochre in the 1c, 2-3), a flint core painted with geometric Upper Paleolithic of Colli Albani (Rome, Italy), patterns (fig. 1c, 7), and another three artifacts (a in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference core, an end-scraper and a retouched blade, fig. 1c, on Metrology for Archaeology , Benevento, October 4-6) showing traces of ocher on the cortex 21-23 2015, 9-14. (Altamura, Mussi 2014; Altamura, Rolfo in press; CHIARUCCI P. (1979) – Montagnano , Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche.Notiziario ,XXXIV, 280. Catelli et alii 2015). GIORDANO G., MATTEI M., FUNICIELLO R. (2010) - The evidence provided by so many complex Geological Map of the Colli Albani Volcano . London : artifacts – anomalous even from a purely statistical The Geological Society, Special Publication of point of view – raises many questions about the IAVCEI 3, insert. manners and purposes of Paleolithic frequentation GIZZI T. (1979) - Valle Caia, Quarto in this part of the Alban Hills at the end of the last Montagnanello, Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche. glacial period. Notiziario XXXIV, 280. ROLFO M.F. (2010) - Il Paleolitico dei Colli Albani, in REFERENCES DRAGO TROCCOLI L., ed. - Il Lazio dai Colli Albani ai ALTAMURA F. (2013) - Reuse of prehistoric lithic trapreistoria ed età moderna , Roma, implements in historical times: Case studies from 69-87. the Alban Hills, Origini XXXV, 7-29. ROLFO M.F., GIACCIO B., SPOSATO A. (2007) - Siti del ALTAMURA F., MUSSI M. (2014) - Arte mobiliare Paleolitico medio nell’area dei Colli Albani e loro paleolitica dalla Catena del Tuscolano-Artemisio, contesto morfologico e pedotefrostratigrafico, in in CALANDRA E., GHINI G., MARI Z., eds. - Lazio e Atti della XL Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Sabina 10. Atti del X Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, Sabina,Roma 4-6 giugno 2013. Roma, 119-125. 275-286. ALTAMURA F., ROLFO M.F (in press) - Il Paleolitico superiore nei Colli Albani: stato della ricerca,

90 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

BIANCAMARIA ARANGUREN , FABIO CAVULLI , MASSIMO D’O RAZIO , STEFANO GRIMALDI , LAURA LONGO , ANNA REVEDIN , FABIO SANTANIELLO

Territorial exploitation in the Tyrrhenian Gravettian Italy: the case-study of Bilancino (Florence)

The Gravettian plays a very important role in related to vegetal food processing. Bilancino was a human cultural evolution. It stands as the first truly summer seasonal camp for the harvesting and the European culture after the arrival and spread of the processing of hygrophilous herbs, in particular first anatomically modern humans (i.e. “Typha latifolia”(cattail). The Noailles burins were Aurignacian). Therefore, it is quite surprising that the tools that Gravettian people used to produce such scanty information about the behavior of fibers from cattail; vegetal residues (starch) found Gravettian human groups in Western Europe is on pestle-grinders and grinding stones provide available today, and this is particularly true when evidence of a technique used in the preparation of the Italian Gravettian evidence is observed. The flour based on wild plants. Mineral residues open-air Bilancino site (Mugello basin, Florence, (hematite) found on another grinding stone, as well Italy) may be ascribed to the Noaillian facies of the as fragments of this mineral found on the living Gravettian. The site is dated to 25,410 ± 150 BP. As floor of the site, provide evidence for the no faunal remains have been preserved due to the production of colorants. Analysis of the provenance local depositional conditions, attention has been of the lithic and mineral raw material allows us to paid to the procurement strategy of the inorganic define the territory within which the Bilancino raw material – i.e. lithics and minerals – as well as inhabitants may have found the natural sources to the exceptional evidence of behavior strictly useful for their daily activities.

91 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

GABRIELE L.F. BERRUTI , JULIE ARNAUD , MARTA ARZARELLO , JOÃO BELON , GIULIA BERRUTO , SANDRO CARACAUSI , SARA DAFFARA , CRISTIANA FERREIRA , CLÁUDIO HENRIQUE REIS , PIERLUIGI ROSINA , FRANCESCO RUBAT BOREL

Geo-archaeological survey in the Baragge Biellesi area. New data on the Middle Palaeolithic in Piedmont

The “Baragge biellesi” project started in 2015 in regional context: direct comparisons are the order to develop a multidisciplinary research Mousterian lithc industries of the Ciota Ciara cave method, aimed at the identification of areas of (Arzarello et alii 2012; Daffara et alii 2014) and of interest for the prehistoric research in the Baragge the Vaude (TO) area (Rubat Borel et alii 2013). The territory, Piedmont, Biella district, between La analysis of the stratigraphic sequences exposed Serra moraine wall and the Sesia river. The allow locating the lithic industry within a layer collaboration among the involved bodies, formed by cold-climate aeolian deposits that may Soprintendenza Archeologia del Piemonte, be dated between 200.000 and 75.000 B.P.. The Associazione culturale 3P – Progetto Preistoria finding of lithic industries in the Baragge territory Piemonte, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, is an important contribution for the understanding Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (Portugal) and and reconstruction of the Palaeolithic peopling of Univesidade Federal Fluminense (), allowed north-western Italy: together with the Ciota Ciara to employ in a profitable way the most up-to-date cave and the Vaude area, they highlight that the technologies for the archaeological research, i.e. Palaeolithic frequentation of Piedmont has been processing of satellite pictures and land survey more intense than it was thought and characterized with drones. The surveyed area corresponds to the by a certain technological variability. Further plateaus known as Baragge, located between 40 research will be aimed to the clarification of the and 80 m over the Cervo stream. They are relicts of intensity of the Palaeolithic frequentation of the the wide plains formed by fluvio-glacial and fluvial area and to a better definition of its chronology. deposits during the Quaternary period and represent a unique record for the investigation of REFERENCES the Palaeolithic human frequentation at low ARZARELLO M., D AFFARA S., BERRUTI G.L.F., BERRUTO G., altitude. In this territory, the most interesting areas BERTÈ D., BERTO C., GAMBARI F.M., PERETTO C. (2012) to investigate for the present research are - The Mousterian settlement in the Ciota Ciara Baraggione di Candelo e Cossato and Baraggia del cave. The oldest evidence of Homo Piano Rosa, since they are the most ancient parts of neanderthalensis in Piedmont, Journal of the formation. During the five days of the survey, Biological Research LXXXV, 71-75. several stratigraphic verifications were carried out BOËDA E. (1993) - Le débitage discoïde et le débitage and two sites with evidence of a Middle Palaeolithic Levallois récurrent centripète, Bulletin de la Société frequentation were identified within the military préhistorique français e 90, 392–404. firing ground in Massazza municipality (BI). DAFFARA S., ARZARELLO M., BERRUTI G.L.F., BERRUTO G., Despite the low number of artefacts (12), the BERTÈ D., BERTO C., CASINIO A.I. (2014) - The Mousterian lithic assemblage of the Ciota Ciara technological features of the lithic industry, suggest cave (Piedmont, Northern Italy): exploitation and its attribution to the Middle Palaeolithic (fig. 1): a conditioning of the raw materials, Journal of lithic recurrent centripetal Levallois core, two discoid studies 1 (2), 63-78. cores and a discoid flake have been found (Boëda FORESTIER H. (1993) - Le Clactonien: mise en 1993), together with cores and products resulting application d’une nouvelle méthode de débitage from an opportunistic/S.S.D.A. exploitation of the s’inscrivant dans la variabilité des systèmes de raw material (Forestier 1993). After a preliminary production lithique du Paléolithique ancient, Paléo examination, the raw materials employed seem to 5, 53–82. be local, with a large use of vein and a RUBAT BOREL F., ARZARELLO M., BUONSANTO C., DAFFARE S. marginal, but interesting, use of igneous rocks or (2013) - San Carlo Canavese – San Francesco al “greenstones”. Concerning both raw materials and Campo, località Vauda. Reperti litici del Paleolitico technological features of the lithic industries found medio, Quaderni della Soprintendenza Archeologica in the Baragge territory, they fit well into the del Piemonte 28, 267-270.

92 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Fig. 1 - Baragge biellesi. Lithic industry: recurrent centripetal Levallois core (1), discoid cores (2, 3), discoid flake (4), S.S.D.A core and flakes (5-9).

93 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

VALENTINA BORGIA , THIBAUT DEVIESE , FABIO NEGRINO , JULIEN RIEL SALVATORE .

The chemical analysis of residues on prehistoric hunting weapons: the project “Hunting Traces”

In the last two decades the morphological theProtoaurignacian and implications for identification and chemical analysis of micro- Neandertal extinction, Science 348 (6236), 793- residues trapped on stone and bone tools improved 796. our knowledge on tool function and, more widely, D’E RRICO F., BACKWELL L., VILLA P., DEGANO I., LUCEJKO J. J., on human cognitive evolution. BAMFORD M. K., BEAUMONT P. B. (2012) - Early Major studies focused on blood and muscular evidence of San material culture represented by tissue, fibers, pigments, starches, phytoliths (Loy organic artifacts from , , 1993; Rots, Williamson 2004; Fullagar 2006; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Torrence, Barton 2006; Wadley, Lombard 2007; 109 (33), 13214-13219. FULLAGAR R. (2006) - Residues and usewear, in BALME Veall, Matheson 2014; Langejans, Lombard 2015; J., PATERSON A., eds. - A Student Guide to Wadley et alii 2015) and to a lesser extent on the Archaeological Analysis . Malden : Blackwell chemical characterization of residues by means of Publishing, 207-234 analytical techniques (FTIR, GC-MS) (Boëda et alii GIBSON N, WADLEY L, WILLIAMSON B. (2004) - 1996; D'Errico et alii 2012). Microscopic residues as evidence of hafting on With this paper we present "Hunting Traces", a backed tools from the 60 000 to 68 000 year-old collaboration project between the University of layers of Rose Cottage Cave, Cambridge and the Laboratory for Archaeology & South Africa, Southern African Humanities 16, 1-11. the History of Art at the University of Oxford, HOLT B., NEGRINO F., RIEL -SALVATORE J., FORMICOLA V., finalized to the analysis of organic residues on VICINO G., CHURCHILL S.E., ARELLANO A., BOSCHIAN G., prehistoric hunting weapons (bone/antler/ivory DI CANZIO E. (in progress) - The Middle-Upper points and stone armatures) using Gas Paleolithic transition at Riparo Bombrini (Liguria, chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Italy), Current Anthropology . The aim is to identify the artefacts conceived as LANGEJANS G.H., LOMBARD M. (2015) - About small parts of a throwing weapon, to reconstruct the things and bigger pictures: an introduction to the hafting techniques and, eventually, to detect morphological identification of micro-residues on residues of the hunted animals. stone tools, in MARREIROS J., ed. - Usewear and The methodology will include an experimental residue analysis in archaeology . Springer, 199-221. phase and the analysis of recently excavated LOMBARD M. (2008) - Finding resolution for the archaeological materials. We will present the first Howiesons Poort through the microscope: microresidue analysis of segments from Sibudu results obtained from the analysis of a sample of Cave, South Africa, Journal of Archaeological Proto-Aurignacian tools coming from layer III of Science 35, 26−41. Riparo Bombrini (Ventimiglia, Imperia), dated LOMBARD M. (2011) - Quartz-tipped arrows older than between 38 and 41 ky cal. BP (Benazzi et alii 2015; 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Holt et alii in progress). KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa, Journal of Previous studies, concerning mainly macro- Archaeological Science 58, 1918–1930. residues on backed tools found in South-African LOMBARD M., WADLEY L. (2007) - The morphological techno-complexes will be discussed (Lombard identification of residues on stone tools using light 2008, 2011; Wadley et alii 2009; Gibson et alii microscopy: progress and difficulties based on 2004). blind tests, Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 155-165. REFERENCES LOY T.H. (1993) - The artifact as site: an example of BOËDA E., CONNAN J., DESSORT D., MUESEN S., MERCIER N., the biomolecular analysis of organic residues on VALLADAS H., TISNÉRAT N. (1996) - Bitumen as a prehistoric tools, World Archaeology 25.1, 44-63. hafting material on Middle Palaeolithic artefacts, ROTS V., WILLIAMSON B.S. (2004) - Microwear and Nature 380, 336-338. residue analyses in perspective: the contribution BENAZZI S., SLON V., TALAMO S., NEGRINO F., PERESANI M., of ethnographical evidence, Journal of BAILEY S. E., SAWYER S., PANETTA D., VICINO G., Archaeological Science 31, 1287-1299. STARNINI E., MANNINO M. A., SALVADORI P. A., MEYER M., TORRENCE R., BARTON H. (2006) - Ancient starch PÄÄBO S., HUBLIN J.-J. (2015) - The makers of research . Left Coast Press.

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VEALL M.A., MATHESON C. (2014) - Improved Molecular WADLEY L., LOMBARD M. (2007) - Small things in and Biochemical approaches to residue analysis, in perspective: the contribution of our blind tests to LEMORINI C., NUNZIANTE CESARO S., eds. - An micro-residue studies on archaeological stone integration of the Use-Wear and residue analysis for tools, Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 1001- the identification of the function of archaeological 1010. stone tools , Oxford : BAR International Series, 9-27. WADLEY L., TAMARYN H., GRANT M. (2009) - Implications WADLEY L., TROWER G., BACKWELL L., D'E RRICO F. (2015) - for complex cognition from the hafting of tools Traditional glue, adhesive and poison used for with compound adhesives in the , composite weapons by Ju/’hoan San in Nyae Nyae, South Africa, Proceedings of the National Academy . Implications for the evolution of hunting of Sciences 106.24, 9590-9594. equipment in prehistory, PloS One 10.10: e0140269.

95 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

GIULIA CAPECCHI , AURÉLIEN MOUNIER , STEFANO RICCI , ANNAMARIA RONCHITELLI , LUCIA MONTI , SILVANA CONDEMI

Human remains from Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia): re-examination of the finds and new study perspectives

Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia), has teenager PA12 (Mezzena, Palma di Cesnola 1972; a deposit of 12 meters which contains (in addition Mallegni, Parenti 1974) and of the woman PA25 to the Acheulean phases and those of the ancient (Mezzena, Palma di Cesnola 1992; Mallegni 1992; middle Palaeolithic) the entire sequence of the Mallegni et alii 1999). upper Palaeolithic (from the Aurignacian to the The important role that these findings play for final Epigravettian culture). This makes Paglicci palaeoanthropological knowledge of Italy and of the source of invaluable knowledge concerning the Europe, together with the development of new evolution of the ancient Homo sapiens populations available investigation techniques, led researchers of Europe. In the site, a large amount of man-made from the University of Siena to begin a broad artefacts were uncovered, including numerous systematic and multidisciplinary study of both works of art (among which are found the only published (Borgognini Tarli et alii 1980; Mallegni, example of Palaeolithic cave paintings known in Palma di Cesnola 1994; Mallegni 2005) and Italy so far; Zorzi 1962). During the excavations unpublished samples, including the two burials. carried out by the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale This work is carried out using modern di Verona from 1961 until 1963 and by the methodologies in collaboration with researchers University of Siena from 1971 (by A. Palma di from other Institutions and Universities whose Cesnola) until the present (by A. Ronchitelli), 146 proficiencies lie in a variety of fields. human remains were discovered. These latter A complete inventory has been undertaken of remains supplement the Paglicci human sample all the human remains. From the Gravettian levels including well-known Gravettian burials of the sixty-nine human remains (45 cranial and 24

Fig. 1 – A. PCA of Paglicci mandibles PA12 e PA25; B. Computer Tomography (CT) of PA25 right femur . In blue the cortical portion of the shaft, in green the medullary portion.

96 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) postcranial), mostly unpublished, are under study, well as adaptive changes during growth in 20 of which belong to juvenile individuals. locomotion modes and, most likely, climate The Minimum Individual Number (MIN), adaptation (Ruff et alii 2006). By using techniques calculated for each Gravettian layer, indicates the of CT-based 3D virtual modelling and quantitative presence of at least 6 adult and7 immature analysis (i.e. cross-sectional geometric properties specimens. Concerning the Epigravettian levels, 47 analysis and morphometric mapping) (Bondioli et human remains (22 cranial and 25 postcranial) alii 2010) (fig.1B), we characterized the were found and all are unpublished. 11 fragments endostructural femoral morphology of the two belong to juvenile individuals. The MIN, calculated Gravettian skeleton burials from Grotta Paglicci. for each Epigravettian layer, indicates the presence Cortical bone thickness was detailed between 20% of at least 14 adults and 8 immature individuals. and 80% of the biomechanical femoral length Beside the human remains found in the (Trinkaus et alii 2012) and compared them with stratigraphic sequence, 40 bone fragments were the evidence from a reference sample of 102 adult retrieved in an area which had been reworked individuals (Puymérail 2011). The diaphysis of during unauthorized excavations. The damage is Paglicci 25 is more robust than Paglicci 12, with a concentrated on the upper layers of the deposit, greater resistance to axial bending and torsional which have been assigned to the Epigravettian. It is loads. As revealed by morphometric mapping, thus highly probable that these remains belong to cortical bone topography in both fossil specimens this period and that some of them correspond to traces the pattern shown by modern humans and those found in situ. other Upper Palaeolithic specimens, with areas of The mandibles belonging to the Gravettian relative increased thickness located medially (at burials, Paglicci 25 and Paglicci 12, are currently 60-80%) and laterally, besides those surrounding being re-studied and a broader analysis will the linea aspera. Nonetheless, all along the eventually include the mandibular remains diaphysis, values of %CA (cortical area in mm²), originating from the other levels of the deposit. A and of the Ix/Iy ratio (maximum and minimum preliminary study using geometric morphometrics area) for the Paglicci 25 femur systematically fall techniques (General Procrustes Analysis GPA, within the Upper Palaeolithic female range of Principal Component Analysis PCA and variation, whereas even the juvenile Paglicci 12 Discriminant Function Analysis DFA) compared the femur falls within male variation. This observation two Gravettian specimens to other Palaeolithic, supports the sexual attribution of the young Neolithic and modern samples (fig. 1A). The individual that was hypothesized on the basis of mandibles were described using 22 landmarks the skull (Mallegni, Parenti 1974) and probabilistic (Mounier 2009) which were collected thanks to a sex diagnosis from the pelvis morphology (Murail microscribe. The analysis provided a better et alii 2005). understanding of the intra and inter populational The above succinct example of ongoing studies morphological variations represented in the data. of the Paglicci human remains by means of new Both Paglicci mandibles are classified as tools of investigation shows how promising the site Palaeolithic specimens by the DFA. PA12 is of Paglicci is for knowledge of the ancient peopling especially similar to the Grimaldi 5 mandible which of Homo sapiens in Europe. also belonged to a juvenile individual. This morphological affinity indicates that the PA25 REFERENCES mandible is very robust despite the fact that it is a BONDIOLI L., BAYLE P., DEAN C., MAZURIER A., PUYMERAIL L., female individual. Finally, both Paglicci mandibles RUFF C., STOCK J.T.,V OLPATO V., ZANOLLI C., are also similar to African Neolithic specimens. MACCHIARELLI R. (2010) - Technical note: Contrary to the European Neolithic mandibles, the morphometric maps of long bone shafts and African Neolithic specimens show close dental roots for imaging topographic thickness morphological affinities with the Palaeolithic variation, American Journal of Physical fossils. This could indicate a different migration Anthropology 142, 328-334. pattern between Europe and Africa during late BORGOGNINI TARLI S., FORNACIARI G., PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (1980) - Restes humains des niveaux gravettiens Palaeolithic and Neolithic. de la Grotte Paglicci, Bulletin et Mémoires de la Besides the study of the jaws, we present here Société d’Anthropologie de Paris , s. XIII (VII), the preliminary results of the study of cortical 125-152. thickness of the femurs. Structural morphology of MALLEGNI F. (1992) - Squelette de femme d’une the femur reflects habitual mechanical loads sépolture des couches gravettiennes de la Grotta related to levels and patterns of physical activity, as Paglicci près de Rignano Garganico (Pouilles,

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Italie): Paglicci 25, Rivista di Antropologia LXX, MOUNIER A., MARCHAL F., CONDEMI S. (2009) - Is Homo 209-216. heidelbergensis a distinct species? News insight MALLEGNI F. (2005) - Paglicci. Catalogue of Italian on the Mauer mandible, Journal of Human Fossil Human Remains from the Palaeolithic to the Evolution 56, 219-246. Mesolithic, Journal of Anthropological Science 84, MURAIL P., BRUZEK J., HOUËT F., ET CUNHA E. (2005) - DSP: Supplement, 106-113. A tool for probabilistic sex diagnosis using MALLEGNI F., PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (1994) - Les Restes worldwide variability in hip-bone measurements, Humains découverts dans les niveaux gravettiens Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de la Grotte Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Pouilles, de Paris 17 (3-4), 167-176. Italie), L’Anthropologie 32 (1), 45-57. PUYMERAIL L. (2011) - Caractérisation de MALLEGNI F., PARENTI R. (1974) - Studio antropologico l'endostructure et des propriétés biomécaniques de di uno scheletro giovanile d’epoca gravettiana la diaphyse fémorale : la signature de la bipédie et raccolto nelle Grotta Paglicci (Rignano la reconstruction des paléo-répertoires posturaux et Garganico), Rivista di Antropologia LVIII, 317-348. locomoteurs des Hominines. Thèse de Doctorat, MALLEGNI F., BERTOLDI F., MANOLIS S. (1999) - The Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Gravettian female human skeleton of : RUFF C.B., HOLT B., TRINKAUS E. (2006) - Who’s afraid of Paglicci 25 (Rignano Garganico, Puglia, Southern the big bad Wolff?: “Wolff ’s Law” and bone Italy), Homo 50, 127-148. functional adaptation, American Journal of Physical MEZZENA F., PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (1972) - Scoperta di Anthropology 129, 484-498. una sepoltura gravettiana nella Grotta Paglicci TRINKAUS E., RUFF C.B. (2012) - Femoral and tibial (Rignano Garganico), Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry in XXVII (1), 27-50. Pleistocene Homo, PaleoAnthropology 2012, 13-62. MEZZENA F., PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (1992) - Nuova ZORZI F. (1962) - Pitture parietali e oggetti d’arte sepoltura gravettiana nella Grotta Paglicci mobiliare del Paleolitico scoperti nella grotta (Promontorio del Gargano), Rivista di Scienze Paglicci presso Rignano Garganico, Rivista di Preistoriche XLII, 3-30. Scienze Preistoriche XVII, 123-137.

98 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

ELIANA CATELLI , PABLO ARIAS CABAL

Prehistoric pigments: raw materials, processing and use of ochre during the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of South-west Europe

Mineral pigments, such as red and yellow iron prehistoric sites confirms the use of pigments in oxide and oxi-hydroxide ores, are one of the everyday activities of paleolithic and mesolithic natural resources exploited by Homo sapiens . Many human groups. hypotheses have been suggested for the use of From an archaeological perspective, to better colouring compounds, ranging from the symbolic understand the chaine operatoire behind the use of and exclusive use of red ochre in Upper Palaeolithic ochre, a redefinition of research methods is needed. burials, to daily activities. The discovery of cave art Starting with the work done for the Franco- notably paved the way to new research. In the early Cantabrian rock-art (Philibert 1994; Beyries et alii 20th century, the chemist H. Moissan analysed 1996; Clottes 1997, Ospitali et alii 2006; Hernanz et some paintings from Font de Gaume and La Mouthe, alii 2006; Arias et alii 2011; Jezequel et alii 2011; finding ferrouginous ores classified as ochre Olivares et alii 2013; Straus et alii 2015) and some (Clottes et alii 1990). The progress of studies and works for the Italian Peninsula (Gialanella et alii new discoveries gave rise to theories interpreting 2011; Cavallo et alii 2015a; Catelli et alii 2015) the the use of pigments as a tangible evidence of the methods used in the systematic study of ochres emergence of Modern Human Behaviour and of from have not yet solved all symbolism, as well as a proxy for the origin of problems connected to the exploitation of language (Rifkin 2012). Further developments colouring compounds during Prehistory. The main pointed to the fact that, over the Upper Pleistocene, objective of this work is the systematic study of as well as in later times, mineral pigments were archaeological ochres to better define the role of used not only for their colouring properties but natural colouring materials within the symbolic, also to abrade and dry materials (Allard et alii rituals and daily activities of hunter-gatherers that 1997; Salomon 2009), to protect the human skin occupied the south-western Europe during Upper from the sun (Rifkin et alii 2015), to make adhesive Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, sampling the remains agents (Becker, Wendorf 1993; Bocquentin, Bar- from the archaeological sites of Grotta del Romito, Yosef 2004; Gibson et alii 2004; Lombard 2006) as Grotta di Pozzo, Grotta Polesini, Grotta delle Arene well as medicines (Vélo 1984; Salomon 2009). The Candide, Barma Grande, Grotta dei Fanciulli, Grotta large number of ochre remains in some European di San Teodoro, S’Omu e S’Orku (Italy), Los Canes,

A

B

Fig.1 - Archaeological ochre samples from: A. Grotta di Pozzo (Italy); B. Los Canes (Spain).

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La Garma A, Arangas (Spain), Lagar Velho and a late Pleistocene Quadan assemblage from Moita do Sebastião (Portugal). , Journal of Field Archaeology 20, 389-398. To better understand the raw materials, the BEYRIES S., WALTER P. (1996) - et colorants à transformation, the functions and the symbolic Combe-Grenal: le problème de la retouche value of pigments, this study will be conducted Quina, Quaternaria Nova 6, 167-185. according to an "integrated approach" supporting BOUCQUENTIN F., BAR -YOSEF O. (2004) - Early Natufian archaeological contents and data with analytical remains evidence for physical conflict from Mt. methods developed within the chemical and Carmel, Israel, Journal of Human Evolution 47, 19- physical sciences. The selection of the ochre 23. CATELLI E., ALTAMURA F., GAZZOLI D., MUSSI M. (2015) - assemblages was made following these criteria: The use of Raman Spectroscopy for the - chronology between 28,000 cal BP and characterization of archaeological ochre in the 5,000 cal BP, Upper Paleolithic of Colli Albani (Rome, Italy), in - prehistoric contexts with funerary- 1st International Conference on Methrology for domestic evidences; Archaeology . Benevento, October, 22-25 2015, - geographical position of archaeological 9-14. sites between northern Spain, Italian peninsula, CAVALLO G., FONTANA F., GONZATO F., GUERRESCHI A., Sicily, Sardinia, and Portugal. RICCARDI M. P., SARDELLI G., ZORZIN R. (2015) - The methodology of the research will be Procurement and processing of ochre during the developed with a dual approach: theoretical and late Upper Paleolithic at Tagliente rock-shelter practical. The theoretical approach will cover the (NE Italy) based on conventional X-Ray Powder socio-cultural and symbolic dimension of human Diffraction Analysis, J ournal of Archaeological and groups in south-west Europe during Upper Anthropological Sciences . DOI 10.1007/s12520- Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. While the practical 015-0299-3. approach will focus on the analysis of physical and CLOTTES J., MENU M., WALTER PH. (1990) - La chemical parameters of archaeological ochre préparation des peintures magdaléniennes des samples by stereoscopic microscope, SEM-EDS, cavernes ariégeoises, Bulletin de la Société Raman spectroscopy, XRF, XRD, FT-IR. The use of préhistorique française 87 (6), 170-192. these instruments allows gaining information GIALANELLA S., BELLI R., DALMERI G., LONARDELLI I., about elemental composition, size and shape of MATTARELLI M., MONTAGNA M., TONIUTTI L. (2011) - Artificial or natural origin of hematite-based red minerals, mineral phases, composition of the main pigments in archaeological contexts: the case of elements, as well as defining the main characters of Riparo Dalmeri (Trento, Itay), Archaeometry 53, 5, crystalline minerals subjected to heat treatment. 950-962. To collect, organize and effectively manage the data GIBSON N.E., WADLEY L., WILLIAMSON B.S. (2004) - will be create a Spectral Database for Prehistoric Residue analysis of backed tools from the 60 000 Colouring Compounds. Each spectrum will be used to 68 000 year-old Howiesons Poort layers of Rose for comparison purposes and also to identify a Cottage Cave, South Africa, South African particular substance or to better clarify the Humanities 16, 1-11. structure of a compound and to satisfy the HERNANZ A., MAS M., GAVILÁN B., HERNÁNDEZ B. (2006) - provenance postulate. The database will be Raman microscopy and IR spectroscopy of available on-line. It will represent a system up to prehistoric paintings from Los Murciélagos cave date, easily accessible and modifiable according to (Zuheros, Córdoba, Spain), Journal of Raman predetermined criteria. Different users will share Spectroscopy 37, 492-497. data and will make quick searches with specific and JEZEQUEL P., WILLE G., BÉNY C., DELORME F., JEAN -PROST V., customized access to support the security and COTTIER R., BRETON J., DURÉE F., DESPRIEE J. (2011) - protection of the data. Characterization and origin of black and red Magdalenian pigments from Grottes de la Garenne REFERENCES (Vallèe moyenne de la Creuse-France): a ALLARD M., DRIEUX M., JARRY M., POMIÈS M.P., RODIÈRE J. mineralogical and geochemical approach of the (1997) - Perles en bois de renne du niveau 18 des study of prehistorical paintings, Journal of Peyrugues, Orniac (Lot): hypothèse sur l’origine Archaeological Science 38 (6), 1165-1172. du Protomagdalénien, Paléo 9, 355-369. LOMBARD M. (2006) - Direct evidence for the use of ARIAS P., LAVAL E., MENU M., GONZÁLEZ SAINZ C., ONTAÑÓN ochre in the hafting technology of Middle Stone R. (2011) - Les colorants dans l’art pariétal et Age tools from , Southern African mobilier paléolithique de La Garma (Cantabrie, Humanities 18 (1), 57-67. Espagne), L’Anthropologie 115, 425–445. OLIVARES M., CASTRO K., CORCHÓN M.S., GÁRATE D., BECKER M., WENDORF F. (1993) - A micro-wear study of MURELAGA X., SARMIENTO A., ETXEBARRIA N. (2013) -

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Non-invasive portable instrumentation to study RIFKIN R.F., D’E RRICO F., DAYET -BOULLIOT L., SUMMERS B. Palaeolithic rock paintings: the case of La Peña (2015) - Assessing the photoprotective effects of Cave in San Roman de Candamo (Asturias, redochre on human skin by in vitro laboratory Spain), Journal of Archaeological Sciences 40, 1354- experiments, S. Afr. J. Sci . 111 (3/4), Art. #2014- 1360. 0202, 8 pages. http:// dx.doi.org OSPITALI F., SMITH D.C., LORBLANCHET M. (2006) - /10.17159/sajs.2015/ 20140202. Preliminary investigations by Raman microscopy SALOMON H. (2009) - Les matières colorantes au début of prehistoric pigments in the wall-painted cave at du Paléolithique supérieur: sources, Roucadour, Quercy, France, Journal of Raman transformations et fonctions . Université de Spectroscopy 37, 1063-1071. Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, Thèse de Doctorat. PHILIBERT S. (1994) - L’ocre et le traitement des peaux: STRAUS L.G., GONZALEZ MORALES M.R., MIGUEL CARRETERO Révision d’une conception traditionelle par J., MARÍN -ARROYO A.B. (2015) - “The Red Lady of El l’analyse fonctionnelle des grattoirs ocrés de la Miron”. Lower Magdalenian life and death in Balma Margineda (Andorre), L’Anthropologie 98, Oldest Dryas Cantabrian Spain: an overview, 447–53. Journal of Archaeological Sciences 30, 1-4. RIFKIN R.F. (2012). Processing ochre in the Middle VÉLO J. (1984) - Ochre as Medicine: A Suggestion for Stone Age: Testing the inference of prehistoric the Interpretation of the Archaeological behaviours from actualistically derived Record, Current Anthropology 25 (5), 674. experimental data, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 3 (2), 174-195.

101 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

MARTINA CESTARI

Paleobiogeography of birds and climate: possible interactions with the artistic manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers

Compared to their relative rarity in the distributive study of the artistic evidences, a iconographic panorama of the Upper Palaeolithic, possible correlation is hypothesized between the the representations of birds, since the dawns of types of represented birds and the prehistoric art studies, were examined at several paleoenvironment and climatic context, mostly levels of interpretation. highlighting a different distribution in relation to The analysis provided by previous studies has the chronology. Then, we tried to verify this often tried to clarify the totemic, symbolic or hypothesis by examining the available data for the stylistic values of these artistic manifestations. This Pleistocene avifaunal record and The review resumes the previous experiences and paleobiogeographical study, made with a discusses the possible critical points, to try to diachronical view, allowed the identification of a understand the reasons of the absence of constancy possible qualitative tendency in the distribution of in the representations of birds and to identify some migratory species, probably dependent on tendencies in the kind of subjects Through the climatic factors.

102 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

CARMINE COLLINA , MARCELLO PIPERNO

The Palaeolithic sequence of Roccia San Sebastiano cave (Mondragone, Caserta). The Gravettian chaînes opératoires and the production of microgravettes

The cave of Roccia San Sebastiano is a cave of 19.570±210 BP. The excavation of level C and of tectonic-karstic origin at the foot of the southern the stratigraphic sounding yielded a total of over versant of Monte Massico, in the territory of 20,000 lithic artifacts that still need to be analyzed Mondragone (Caserta, Campania, Southern Italy) in in detail. Campania, in Southern Italy. Systematic excavation The deepening of the sounding evidenced a campaigns have been conducted here since 2001, thick stratigraphic and cultural sequence. At the under the direction of Marcello Piperno, leading to present state of the research, at least six major the partial exploration of an important Pleistocene phases, from different Gravettian horizons to the deposit, extraordinarily rich in archaeological and Aurignacian until the Final Musterian, have been paleontological remains. recognized in the deposit, whose chronological The cavity is divided into two distinct parts: a framework is based on a series of C14 dates carried shelter, about 12 m long and 3 m deep, and a cave out on the fauna included between 19.570±210 BP whose dimensions have not yet been ascertained and 38.980±950 BP. The tooth of a Neanderthal because it is still partially obstructed by reworked child has been found in the Mousterian levels. sediments. The excavation campaigns carried out The distinctive characteristic of the lithic since 2001 lead to the exploration of the first in situ industry from level C is the specialization in the level, called C, over a surface of about 4 m 2; production of microgravettes, often of microlithic furthermore, the stratigraphic sequence was tested dimensions. in a 2 m2 sounding, localized within the excavation In this paper we will present the area, at a depth of about 3 m. chronostratigraphic data of the archaeological A first date of Level C, obtained on burnt bones, sequence and will take into consideration data was carried out by G. Calderoni of the C14 from the lithic assemblages attesting the variability Laboratory of the Sapienza University of Rome of the Gravettian chaînes opératoires . (Belluomini et alii 2007), and provided an age of

103 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster session

JACOPO CONFORTI

The human occupation during the Upper Palaeolithic in the Grotta del Leone at Agnano (Pisa): preliminary results and research purposes of the new excavations

The University of Pisa has already investigated Palaeolithic occupation have been reached. Even the Grotta del Leone (Agnano, Pisa) before this though these layers were barely investigated, the excavation campaign (fig. 1). The works of E. lithic industry found (fig. 2.1), despite the fact that Tongiorgi (1947-50) and A. M. Radmilli (1970-74) it was scarce, shows diagnostic elements that seem had identified a first human occupation of the to confirm the attribution to the Epigravettian and cavity in the Upper Paleolithic (not completely the presence of at least two phases of frequentation, investigated). Later, the cavity was frequented attributable to an early and final phase. during several phases of the Neolithic (Fiorano and Since there is not enough evidence for this Chassey), the , the Bronze and the Iron period in Northern Tuscany (Tozzi, Dini 2007), the Age. presence of an Early Epigravettian occupation in For what concern the Upper Paleolithic the Grotta del Leone is an element of great interest. occupation, the lack of stratigraphic sequence for The chronological definition of this occupation will most of the diagnostic lithic industry from the be one of the main aims of future investigations. excavations 1947-50, combined with the scarcity of Although the analysis of the industry is only significant artifacts found in the archaeological preliminary, the presence of diversified patterns of layers identified during the excavations 1970-74, supply of raw materials with the exploitation of have led to propose a generic attribution of the local available resources (fig. 2.2) and the material found to the Epigravettian (D'Eugenio introduction of allochtonous raw materials (fig. 2.3) 1990). However the probable presence of two are clear. Only further investigation and review of phases (early and final), during the Epigravettian the industry found in previous excavations occupation, had already been suggested, based on according to technological criteria will confirm if the typological criteria. different exploitation methods correspond to Due to the archaeological importance of the site different raw materials and will show continuity and with the perspective of further research, in and discontinuity elements between the two October 2014 a survey was carried out (Radi et alii phases of the Epigravettian occupation. 2015); in order to evaluate the state of conservation of the archaeological deposit. Given REFERENCES the positive results, in 2015 a first excavation was D’E UGENIO G. (1990) – Revisione ed inquadramento made under the direction of Giovanna Radi and dei materiali della Grotta del Leone Lucia Angeli (Department of Civilization and Forms (Pisa), Rassegna di Archeologia 9, 183-228. of Knowledge, University of Pisa) (fig. 1.2). The aim RADI G., ANGELI L., CONFORTI J., MARRAS G., MILANO R., of the new research is to investigate the different PARISI M., RAO S. (2015) – Grotta del Leone (Agnano, phases of human presence in the Grotta del Leone Prov. di Pisa), Notiziario di Preistoria e according to the new trends of the studies. It will Protostoria 2.I, Firenze : IIPP, 15-16. also be checked the possibility to realize a precise TOZZI C., DINI M. ( 2007) - L’Epigravettiano finale classification of the various phases by using a nell’alto versante tirrenico: casi studio dell’area series of 14C dating. toscana, in MARTINI F., ed. - L’Italia tra 15.000 e 10.000 anni fa. Cosmopolitismo e regionalità nel Despite many alterations, mainly related to Tardoglaciale , Firenze : Edifir, 93-128. biological agents and clandestine excavations, in one of the surveys (Survey 3) the layers of

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Fig. 1 - Grotta del Leone at Agnano (Pisa). 1. site location; 2. cave plan.

Fig. 2 – 1. Lithic industry found in Upper Palaeolithic layers (2015 excavation - Survey 3); local (2) and allochtonous (3) raw materials (10x magnification).

105 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

DAVIDE DELPIANO , FRANCESCO GARBASI

Paleolithic findings along the northern Apennine fringe: analysis of survey collections from the Piacenza region

The foothills area south of the city of Piacenza A research project of this material, joined to the has always been known for the presence of one collected in the last 30 years by the local Palaeolithic artifacts, as reported in several papers groups referring to the Archaeological Museum of (Cremaschi, Peretto 1977; Marchetti, Dall’Aglio Travo, has been arranged; the aim is to obtain new 1990; Valle 1984) and from local archaeological data about the Palaeolithic occupation dynamics museums collections. The artifacts are embedded (especially in the Middle Palaeolithic) in the in thin loess sheets that lie on the Pleistocene Apennine foothills of Piacenza and to better know terraces all along the Emilian Apennine fringe and define the quantitative and qualitative forming loess deposits that are more complex and availability of lithic raw materials in this area. developed right in this area (Accorsi et al., 1990); however, an analysis of surface lithic industries is Aknowledgements . The authors are grateful to V. lacking throughout the Piacenza region, and Dordoni and F. Cella for their commendable work of particularly between the Luretta and Trebbia archaeological survey, to Dr. M. Maffi of the valleys, the richest area in findings. Archaeological Museum of Travo (Piacenza) for her Recently, survey collections uncovered a large fruitful support and to Dr. M. Bernabò Brea of the amount of lithic material from about sixty sites Soprintendenza Archeologia of Emilia Romagna for referred to cultivated and ploughed fields and allowing the study of the collections . located mainly in the municipality of Agazzano and Gazzola municipalities. REFERENCES Lithic assemblages, amounting to over 2,500 ACCORSI C.A., BARONI C., CARTON A., CREMASCHI M., FILIPPI pieces, consist mainly in cores and flakes of N., MAGNANI P., MAGGI W., NISBET R. (1990) - The Levallois technology and thicker artifacts obtained loess at the Apennine fringe, in CREMASCHI M., ed. - by centripetal or unidirectional exploitation The Loess in Northern and Central Italy: a Loess characterized by less carefully prepared striking Basin Between the Alps and the Mediterranean Sea , platforms. The chrono-cultural attribution is Milano : C.N.R., Centro di Studio per la Stratigrafia largely included in the local mid-to-late Middle e Petrografia delle Alpi Centrale, 73-101. Palaeolithic: the closer and most direct CREMASCHI M., PERETTO C. (1977) - Il paleolitico comparisons are Ghiardo, Alseno Cava Martina and dell’Emilia e Romagna, in Atti della XIX Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Traversetolo sites. Occasional Upper Paleolithic Protostoria , Firenze,15-78. laminar artifacts are present, as well as a bifacial MARCHETTI G., DALL 'A GLIO P. L. (1990) - Geomorfologia tool characterized by a backed edge opposed to the e popolamento antico nel territorio piacentino. cutting one. Parte II: antropizzazione ed evoluzione fisica del Raw materials variety is quite high, despite territorio, in CASTIGNOLI P., ed. - Storia di Piacenza. their determination is influenced by the physical Vol.I: dalle origini all'anno Mille , Milano, 604-670 condition of the surfaces, often affected by heavy VALLE G. (1984) - Geologia ed insediamenti storici nella patina formations or, in some cases, traces of bassa e media val Trebbia (Piacenza) . Tesi fluitation. Utilized raw materials are chert, “ftanite”, sperimentale di Laurea in Scienze Geologiche, jasper and silicified limestones, collected all nearby Università degli studi di Pavia, Dipartimento di the sites in the form of weathered nodules and Scienze della Terra, sezione Geologico- slabes, as they are included in the gravel at the base Paleontologica. of the Pleistocene terraces.

106 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

ENRICO GIANNITRAPANI

Late Glacial and Early Holocene landscape and human occupation dynamics in the Erei uplands (Central Sicily).

The narrative traditionally proposed for the Palaeolithic occupation of this part of the island. prehistoric human occupation of the inner part of In the ‘80s data on some surface findings Sicily, has long been limited to the most recent attributed to the final stages of the Clactonian have Bronze Age and to the period of contact between been published. These were concentrated indigenous peoples mentioned in ancient sources particularly in the eastern part of the Erei and with the Greek apoikiai founded along the island’s along the terraces of the river Simeto, which coasts since the 8th century BC. Over the last separates the area from the ’s plain. decade, however, a new phase of intense Furthermore, the rich material culture exposed archaeological research, conducted in the area of from some trenches excavated in the ‘70s in the the Erei uplands, located in the eastern part of Riparo Longo (Agira) dates to the late Upper central Sicily, are allowing to reconstruct the Palaeolithic. The lithic assemblages recovered settlement patterns, the material aspects and the during some surface surveys carried out in the social structures of the communities that lived here central and southern part of the region can be also from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. attributed to the same period, together with the The recent publication of the results of a series evidence of rock art found inside the Riparo of geoarchaeological studies of the area and the Cassataro, near . pollen sequences obtained from the Lago di Finally, as regards the Mesolithic, currently Pergusa’s sediments, one of the last remaining there are no known evidence from this area: natural lakes in Sicily, now permit the however, the presence of some important contexts reconstruction of the landscape evolution of the dating to this phase in the neighboring areas of the Erei, together with their paleo-vegetation and Nebrodi mountains and of the Catania’s plain, climate history over a long period, ranging from the suggests the possibility that such a gap can be late Glacial to the Holocene, until the present. This attributed more to the lack of organic research important evidence then allows defining more projects and, given the geomorphological context of precisely the paleoenvironmental context where to the Erei, to the scarce preservation of the original place the few data currently available for the contexts, than a real lack of data.

107 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

FELICE LAROCCA , FABIOLA ARENA

A piece for the whole. A case of isolated bone deposition dated to the Palaeolithic at Grotta della Monaca (Cosenza)

Grotta della Monaca is a karstic cave set in the The meaning of this deposition is unknown. North of region, close to the coast of the However, the specific place where the human ulna Tyrrhenian Sea (Larocca 2005). The University of was found (an orange goethite vein that Bari carried out research and archaeological characterizes the entire surrounding area) allows excavations in the site from 2000 to 2012, that to suppose that it could be a kind of "control" signal recognised a main human frequentation of the cave of this resource. Certainly, it was not rare, but it dated, with some gaps, from the Neolithic to post- was such abundant in Grotta della Monaca as to medieval time. make the site a preferred source for its exploitation. The cave entrance is located on the cliff of a However, we do not exclude that the deposition rugged mountain overlooking the Upper Esaro could have a ritual significance. These hypotheses Valley. Grotta della Monaca played two functions: should be clarified, as far as possible, with future mining – because of the abundant iron hydroxides investigations. and copper carbonates within it, intensively mined during the late Neolithic (Larocca 2010) – and REFERENCES funerary. In effect, the cave became a large burial ARENA F., LAROCCA F., ONISTO N., GUALDI RUSSO E. (2014) ground during the Middle Bronze Age (Arena et alii - Il sepolcreto protostorico di Grotta della Monaca 2014). in Calabria. Aspetti antropologici, Annali In 2005, a human ulna was found in the dell’Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Museologia archaeological deposit at the entrance of the cave, Scientifica e Naturalistica 10 (2), 74-80. inside fractures of the rock emerging from the ARENA F., LAROCCA F., GUALDI RUSSO E. (in press) - A Ritual Deposition in the Prehistoric Site of Grotta ground. This human skeletal remain was placed della Monaca (Calabria, Italy), in XXI Congresso into a dimple within a natural layer of goethite (an dell’Associazione Antropologica Italiana. iron hydroxide very abundant in the cave). A large Bologna/Ravenna, September 3-5 2015. boulder was intentionally deposed above the LAROCCA F., ed. (2005) - La miniera pre-protostorica di dimple, as a funerary slab. Radiocarbon analysis Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro - dated the ulna to 18250-17800 BC cal 2σ (84.6%) / Cosenza) , Roseto Capo Spulico : Centro Regionale 17750-17600 cal BC 2σ (10.8%) (LTL3580A - di Speleologia “Enzo dei Medici”. 16761 ± 100 BP) and placed it in the Upper LAROCCA F. (2010) - Grotta della Monaca: A Prehistoric Palaeolithic. Copper and Iron Mine in the Calabria Region The anthropological exam allowed us to define (Italy), in ANREITER P., BRANDSTÄTTER K., the biological profile of the individual that the ulna GOLDENBERG G., HANKE K., LEITNER W., NICOLUSSI K., belonged: an adult male, slightly taller than the OEGGL K., PERNICKA E., SCHAFFER V., STÖLLNER T., average of the time. The autopsy examination of TOMEDI G., TROPPER P., eds. - Mining in European bone alterations on the proximal epiphysis and History and its Impact on Environment and Human interosseous crest indicates vigorous movements Societies. Proceedings for the 1st Mining in of pronation and supination and mechanical strain European History-Conference of the SFB-HIMAT. of the joints or load stress (Arena et alii in press). Innsbruck : Innsbruck University Press, 267-270.

108 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Fig 1 - Geographical map of Grotta della Monaca site placed in Sant'Agata di Esaro ( drawing by F. Breglia ). 2) The cave’s entrance locates on the top of a rocky peak in the Esaro River Valley ( photo by F. Larocca ). 3) Plan of the underground system showing the place where Palaeolithic human ulna was found ( topography by the CRS “Enzo dei Medici” ). 4) Right ulna belonged to an adult male dated to the Palaeolithic. 5) Archaeological excavations in the place where the human ulna was discovered. The ulna was intentionally located in a little dimple within a goethite vein, blocked with a calcareous boulder ( photo by F. Larocca ). 6) The large boulder that blocked the dimple where the human ulna was placed, showed in two views ( photo by F. Larocca ).

109 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Poster Session

ADRIANA MORONI , PAOLO BOSCATO , ANNAMARIA RONCHITELLI

The origin of the Uluzzian: the upsetting of a paradigm?

One of the issues of greater interest and debate typological similarities with the coeval among Prehistorians is the shifting from the Middle Châtelperronian. Actually, a systematic comparison to the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, namely the between these two cultural entities has never been replacement of Neandertals by Anatomically carried out and no relevant proof for the Modern Humans. This extremely complex phase is Neandertal nature of the Uluzzian has been put characterized by the emergence, in the time span forward yet. Despite this non-evidence and despite between 45-40 ka BP, of several techno-complexes the new anthropological data, the dogma that the - showing different traits and occupying separated Uluzzian cannot be assigned to MHs is still strongly geographic areas - whose authorship is difficult to rooted. establish, given the general lack of associated Not only teeth - Irrespective of the biological human remains (Hublin 2015 and references evidence, the notion that the Uluzzian was made by therein). MHs is supported by a variety of reasons involving Recently, scholars’ attention has focused, in both technological/symbolic behaviour and particular, on the French Châtelperronian and on subsistence practices (lithic production, carcass the Italian Uluzzian since these two techno- processing, bone tools, the use of pigments and complexes, generally considered as evidence of the ornaments). Neandertal trend towards “modern behaviour”, The Uluzzian lithic suite is primarily have been the core of a reconsideration which has characterized by the wide use of bipolar technique generated (and is still generating) new hypotheses, on anvil (in the form of both cores and splintered data and debates. While the attribution of the pieces), by the appearance of a specific tool, the Châtelperronian to Neandertals relies on sites such backed segment or lunate and by the absence of as Arcy-sur-Cure and La Roche-à-Pierrot (the only elements recalling a technocultural filiation from sites which yielded diagnostic human remains from the preceding Mousterian. The use of segments Châtelperronian layers), in the case of the Uluzzian, (and broadly speaking of geometric artefacts) is analyses on the two from the commonly considered as a proxy accounting for the Uluzzian layers of Grotta del Cavallo (Salento, introduction of an innovative technology connected Apulia) have supported the involvement of Homo to the concept of composite tool. Use-wear, micro- sapiens. Meanwhile a new set of dates on shells residue and experimental studies, alongside the from layers EII-I and DIb of the same site (ca 43-40 identification of compound adhesive traces, ka BP) has allowed us to infer that the Uluzzians demonstrated, in effect, that lunates could be were the early AMHs who reached Italy (Benazzi hafted in a variety of ways in order to obtain multi- et alii 2011). task tools such as and hunting weapons The Uluzzian was first described by A. Palma di (Klempererová 2012; Lombard 2012; Villa et alii Cesnola in the sixties, at Grotta del Cavallo. On the 2010; Wadley, Mohapi 2008). basis of the stratigraphic sequence brought to light The techno-functional revision of lithic at this site, Palma di Cesnola was able to identify assemblages from the main Uluzzian sites (still in three main Uluzzian evolutionary phases (layers progress) (De Stefani et alii 2012) highlights the EIII, EII-I, D), the most recent of which (layer D) fact that no connections can be detected between showed some elements recalling the Aurignacian the final Mousterian production systems and the tradition (Palma di Cesnola 1989). Presently, Uluzzian ones, thus confirming, in some respects, except for the site of Fumane (whose attribution to the stratigraphic hiatus existing between the last the Uluzzian seems questionable – Peresani et alii Mousterian occupations and the succeeding 2016), this techno-complex appears to be Uluzzian ones. geographically distributed in peninsular Italy and An East Africa-side story - On the basis of data Greece (Kaczanowska et alii 2010). discussed above, the allochthonous arrival of Since its discovery the Uluzzian has generally Uluzzian populations seems to be the most been more or less directly referred to as a plausible assumption. In this view, Sub-Saharan Neandertal production due to its possible Africa is, according to the present evidence, the

110 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016) only geographic region which can play the role of called “modern” complexes, particularly if nuclear area (Mellars et alii 2013; Moroni et alii compared with the previous MSA/MP phases (De 2013). Actually the South-African Howiesons Poort Stefani et alii 2012; Eren et alii 2013, Igreja, Porraz as well as the Howiesons Poort-like industries from 2013; Moroni et alii 2013; Porraz et alii 2013; Eastern Africa exhibit an array of features Ronchitelli 1976). Among reasons which caused mirroring the most distinctive innovations of the the drastic increase of bipolar reduction a variety Uluzzian. Ages provided for the African evidence of contingent causes has been proposed (Eren et are between ~70-59 ka (Brown et alii 2012; Jacobs alii 2013); these generally emphasize the time- et alii 2008; Mellars et alii 2013) and ~60-40 ka serving nature of this production system in the (Gliganic et alii 2012; Skinner et alii 2003) for the case of increased subsistence risk. HP and for Eastern Africa facies respectively. These Most of micro-wear and micro-residue analyses values are consistent both with the genetic out of point to the use of splintered pieces as wedges for Africa chronologies (Mellars et alii 2013; Fu et alii processing animal material (bone, fat and muscle 2013; Reyes-Centeno et alii 2014; Posth et alii tissue) or wood (Igreja, Porraz 2013; 2016) and with the age of the Uluzzian. Klempererová 2012; Langejans 2012). Besides the generalized use of colouring It is worth noting that, from the conceptual substances and ornamental objects, the African standpoint, the generalized occurrence of this assemblages and the Uluzzian share lamellar and techno-cultural suite considered as a whole (hence bipolar-based lithic technologies as well as the not circumscribed to the mere technical and production of dimensionally and morphologically morphological reproduction of things) involves the multi-varied backed segments. Lunates, in sharing of well defined long-experienced particular, can be considered a real key lithic behavioural patterns which would unlikely be marker. Use-wear analysis has highlighted, in both explained as convergence / acculturation cases (the Howiesons Poort and the European phenomena. ones), very specific analogies, including the The out of Africa dispersal, probably through occurrence, at times, of retouched and un- the so-called Southern route, of the techno- retouched semi-circular notches on the cutting tradition characterized by backed geometric edge (Lombard, Pargeter 2008). Recently also artefacts and bipolar technique (Clarkson et alii bipolar technique (in all its acceptations) is 2009; Petraglia et alii 2009), appears to be definitively emerging as a marker of these early so canalized towards two main directions: the Indian

Fig. 1 – Hypothetical routes of Early Modern Humans out of Africa into Eurasia ( modified from Mellars et alii 2013 ).

111 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Subcontinent in the E and the Mediterranean Continuity and replacement in flake production Europe in the N-W (fig. 1). To date, both these across the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition: a areas embody the extreme geographical limits view over the Italian Peninsula, in PASTOORS A., reached by these particular technologies (Mellars PERESANI M., eds. - Flakes Not Blades: the Role et alii 2013), thus encompassing their expansion of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper capacity within a radius of approximately 5000 km. Palaeolithic in Europe , Mettmann : The notion (Armitage et alii 2011; Mellars et alii Wissenschaftliche Schriftendes Neanderthal 2013) that such a diffusion essentially took place Museums 5, 135-151. following ancient shorelines, nowadays mostly DOUKA K., HIGHAM T.F.G., WOOD R., BOSCATO P., GAMBASSINI P., KARKANAS T., PERESANI M., RONCHITELLI submerged, is suggested by several studies as the A. (2014) - On the chronology of the Uluzzian, most coherent one and could account for the lack of Journal of Human Evolution 68, 1-13. archaeological evidence along the hypothetical EREN M. I., DIEZ -MARTIN F., DOMINGUEZ -RODRIGO M. migration routes. Taking into consideration that (2013) - An empirical test of the relative frequency the Uluzzian is essentially a Mediterranean of bipolar reduction in Beds VI, V, and III at phenomenon, confined to the southern belt of Mumba Rockshelter, : implications for Europe, a coastal dispersal pattern is fully the East African Middle to consistent with its geographical distribution transition, Journal of Archaeological Science 40, (Douka et alii 2014). The weak spreading capacity 248-256. of the Uluzzian correlates, most likely, both to the FU Q., MITTNIK A., JOHNSON P. L.F., BOS K., LARI M., small population size and to its brief duration. BOLLONGINO R., SUN C., GIEMSCH L., SCHMITZ R., BURGER Actually the Uluzzian is a short-lived episode J., RONCHITELLI A.M., MARTINI F., CREMONESI R.G., whose life time dries up in a few thousand years; in SVOBODA J., BAUER P., CARAMELLI D., CASTELLANO S., fact this techno-complex seems to disappear REICH D., PÄÄBO S. AND KRAUSE J. (2013) - A Revised around 40 ka cal. BP without a trace. In such a Timescale for Human Evolution Based on Ancient perspective, the occurrence of Aurignacian features Mitochondrial Genomes, Current Biology 23, 553– in layer D of Grotta del Cavallo and in other 559. Uluzzian sites could be interpreted as a clue to the GLICANIC L. A., JACOBS Z., ROBERTS R. G., DOMÍNGUEZ - assimilation of these early populations by the RODRIGO M., MABULLA A. Z. P. (2012) - New ages for newcomers. Middle and Later Stone Age deposits at Mumba rockshelter, Tanzania: Optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar grains, REFERENCES Journal of Human Evolution 62, 533-547. ARMITAGE S. J., JASIM S. A, MARKS A. E., ADRIAN G. PARKER A. HUBLIN J.-J. (2015) - The modern human colonization G., USIK V. I., UERPMANN H-P. (2011) - The Southern of western Eurasia: when and where?, Quaternary Route ''Out of Africa'': Evidence for an Early Science Reviews 118, 194-210. Expansion of Modern Humans into Arabia, Science IGREJA M., PORRAZ G. (2013) - Functional insights into 331, 453-456. the innovative Early Howiesons Poort technology BENAZZI S., DOUKA K., FORNAI C., BAUER C.C., KULLMER O., at , , South SVOBODA J., PAP I., MALLEGNI F., BAYLE P., COQUERELLE Africa, Journal of Archaeological Science 40, M., CONDEMI S., RONCHITELLI A., HARVATI K., WEBER 3475-3491. K.W. (2011) - Early dispersal of modern humans in JACOBS Z., ROBERTS R.G., GALBRAITH R. F., DEACON H. J., Europe and implications for Neanderthal GRÜN R., MACKAY A., MITCHELL P., VOGELSANG R., behaviour, Nature 479, 525-528. WADLEY L. (2008) - Ages for Middle Stone Age BROWN K. S., MAREAN C. W., JACOBS Z., SCHOVILLE B. J., innovations in southern Africa: implications for OESTMO S., FISHER E. C., BERNATCHEZ J., KARKANAS P., modern human behavior and dispersal, Science MATTHEWS T. (2012) - An early and enduring 322, 733–735. advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago KACZANOWSKA M., KOZ 1OWSKI J.K., SOBCZYK K. (2010) - in South Africa, Nature 491(7425), 590–593. Upper Palaeolithic human occupations and CLARKSON C., PETRAGLIA M., KORISETTAR R., HASLAM M., material culture at Klisoura Cave 1, Eurasian BOIVIN N., CROWTHER A., DITCHFIELD P., FULLER D., Prehistory 7, 133-286. MIRACLE P., HARRIS C., CONNELL K., JAMES H., KOSHY J. KLEMPEREROVÁ H. 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initial micro-residue study, Journal of R., METSPALU M., ROBERTS R., ARNOLD L. (2009) - Archaeological Science 39, 1694-1704. Population increase and environmental LOMBARD M. (2012) - Thinking through the Middle deterioration correspond with microlithic Stone Age of sub-Saharan innovations in South Asia ca. 35,000 years ago, Africa, QuaternaryInternational 270, 140-155. PNAS 106 (30), 12261–12266. LOMBARD M., PARGETER J. (2008) - Hunting with PORRAZ G., TEXIER P-J., ARCHER W., PIBOULE M., RIGAUD J- Howiesons Poort segments: pilot experimental P., TRIBOLO C. (2013) - Technological successions in study and the functional interpretation of the Middle Stone Age sequence of Diepkloof Rock archaeological tools, Journal of Archaeological Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa, ( Journal of Science 35, 2523–2531. Archaeological Science) 40, 3376-3400. MELLARS P., GORIC K. C., CARRE M., SOARES P. A., RICHARDS REYES -CENTENO H., GHIROTTO S., DÉTROIT F., GRIMAUD - M. B. (2013) - Genetic and archaeological HERVÉ D., BARBUJANI G., HARVATI K. (2014) - Genomic perspectives on the initial modern human and cranial phenotype data support multiple colonization of southern Asia, PNAS 110 (26), modern human dispersals from Africa and a 10699–10704. southern route into Asia, PNAS 111 (20), 7248- MORONI A., BOSCATO P., RONCHITELLI A. (2013) - What 7253. roots for the Uluzzian? Modern behaviour in RONCHITELLI A. (1976) - Osservazioni sull'industria Central-Southern Italy and hypotheses on AMH litica degli strati Naisiusiu di Olduvai Gorge (Nord dispersal routes, Quaternary International 316, 27- Tanzania), Africa XXXI (4), 497-518. 44. SKINNER A. R., HAY R. L., MASAO F., BLACKWELL B.A.B. PALMA DI CESNOLA A. (1989) - L’Uluzzien: faciès italien (2003) - Dating the Naisiusiu beds, Olduvai Gorge, du Leptolithique archaïque, L’Anthropologie 93 (4), by electron spin resonance, Quaternary Science 783-812. Reviews 22, 1361–1366. PERESANI M., CRISTIANI E., ROMANDINI M. (2016) - The VILLA P., SORIANO S., TEYSSANDIER N., WURZ S. (2010) - Uluzzian technology of Grotta di Fumane and its The Howiesons Poort and MSA III at Klasies River implication for reconstructing cultural dynamics main site, Cave 1A, Journal of Archaeological in the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition of Science 37, 630–655. Western Eurasia, Journal of Human Evolution 91, WADLEY L., MOHAPI M. (2008) - A Segment is not a 36-56. Monolith: evidence from the Howiesons Poort of PETRAGLIA M., CLARKSON C., BOIVIN N., HASLAM M., Sibudu, South Africa, Journal of Archaeological KORISETTAR R., CHAUBEY G., DITCHFIELD P., FULLER D., Science 35, 2594–2605. JAMES H., JONES S., KIVISILD T., KOSHY J., MIRAZΌN LAHR

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Poster Session

VITALE STEFANO SPARACELLO , PAUL PETTITT , CHARLOTTE ROBERTS , STEFANO ROSSI , JULIEN RIEL -SALVATORE

Insights on funerary dynamics in the Late Upper Palaeolithic cemetery of Arene Candide (Finale Ligure, Savona) through new osteological analyses of secondary depositions

From 1940 to 2012, excavations in the in addition, shows the bilateral absence of the Pleistocene layers at Arene Candide (Finale Ligure, femoral lesser trochanter. It is possible that Arene Italy) have yielded the most important Late Upper Candide 2 and 3 were closely related, and shared Palaeolithic skeletal series in Europe, consisting of similar congenital diseases, which might explain ten primary burials and six clusters of secondary the close relationship between the burials. depositions. After the 1980 monograph by Cardini Our study also contributed to providing an and co-workers, several anthropological papers absolute and relative chronological framing for the have been published, but a comprehensive burials. Previous studies identified two phases of cataloguing of all the skeletal collection has never funerary use, given that dates clustered between been undertaken. We therefore re-analyzed all the 10810±65-10585±55 Uncal. BP (Phase I) and skeletal material, and collected all the taphonomic 9925±50-10065±55 Uncal. BP (Phase II). Given information regarding the human skeletal remains that Arene Candide 3 and 4 were buried together, from the original excavation, in the form of diaries, we can reasonably extend the AMS date for Arene field pictures and notes. Data from new excavations Candide 3 (10065±55 BP Uncal.) to Arene Candide (2008-2012) was also integrated. The skeletal 4, which had not been dated. From the excavation elements found in the secondary deposits were diaries, we were able to determine that one of the identified, catalogued, 3D scanned, and their spatial clusters placed around Arene Candide 2 lay above location determined. In addition to creating a another undisturbed double burial – Arene complete anthropological database of the Arene Candide 5-6 – which was dated to 9925±50 BP Candide skeletal series, which will be available Uncal. Given that the formation of the clusters is online, our analysis allowed for a number of contemporary to the deposition of Arene Candide 2, inferences on Late Upper Palaeolithic funerary this provides a terminus post quem for the burial. behavior. Regarding a terminus ante quem , the top of layer 1 The clusters of bones in secondary deposition of the Epigravettian sequence is dated to 9980±140 were interpreted by Cardini as older burials that BP Uncal. Based on the above evidence, we propose were disturbed to make space for new inhumations. that Arene Candide 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 – i.e. all the However, in some cases the bones are reported to burials in the “Phase II” of the necropolis – are have been “intentionally stacked” around other roughly contemporary and date to around 9,900- depositions. Our results suggest that the 10,100 BP Uncal. This suggests that, although the disturbances were indeed not casual; they funerary use of the cave spans several centuries constitute a proper secondary re-arrangement of and shows a remarkable continuity in funerary primary depositions. According to our behavior between the phases, Phase II is most reconstruction, a double burial composed of two likely very brief. All the individuals might have adults (Arene Candide 3 and 4) was originally been buried, possibly by the same group, perhaps present at the site, but was subsequently disrupted during a time span as limited as two generations. for the deposition of Arene Candide 2. This burial Future studies will further investigate the type had not been yet recognized at Arene Candide, prevalence of pathologies among Arene Candide where two other double burials are constituted by individuals in relationship with funerary treatment. an adult and a child. Strikingly, the double burial This might shed further light on the reasons for the contained an individual, Arene Candide 3, showing exceptional nature of burial practices in the Upper pathological bowing of limbs (probably due to Palaeolithic. hereditary rickets), as is found frequently in skeletons from Gravettian and Epigravettian Grant sponsorship : Marie-Curie European Union multiple burials. Moreover, some of the skeletal COFUND/Durham Junior Research Fellowship (under elements derived from this double burial were EU grant agreement number 267209), Wolfson placed intentionally in two clusters around Arene Institute for Health and Wellbeing Small Grant Candide 2, which also has bowing of the limbs and, Scheme.

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Poster Session

URSULA THUN HOHENSTEIN , MARCO BERTOLINI , SHARADA CHANNARAYAPATNA , CARLO PERETTO

Bone retouchers from some Italian Middle Palaeolithic sites (Riparo Tagliente and Grotta della Ghiacciaia –Verona-, Grotta Reali – Isernia-)

The use of retouching tools made on hard 40,000 calibrated years BP, attests to an intensive animal materials has a very broad chronological occupation localised at the cross-roads of different and geographical distribution throughout the biotopes, not far from the raw material Palaeolithic period in Europe. The early records of sources.Productive strategies documents an such tools are in the Late Mousterian. The aim of evolved technical behaviour in which the laminar this work is to describe the different kinds of debitage is associated with typical Mousterian modifications found on the bone retourchers methods such as Levallois, Discoid and SSDA coming from three Italian sites: Riparo Tagliente (Peretto 2012). (RT) and Grotta Ghiacciaia (GG) in northern Italy Faunal Composition and Grotta Reali (GR) in southern Italy. Ungulates dominated in all three sites. In RT, The sites cervids like roe deer were best represented The 3 sites are characterised by the presence of followed by red deer, chamois and ibex (Thun the same production methods: laminar debitage in Hohenstein 2001) . In GR, red deer was most a volumetric conception that is correlated by some represented (Thun, Bertolini 2012). On the authors to an important climatic fluctuation which contrary, at GG (Thun Hohenstein 2001), ibex would have caused a change in the techno- followed by roe deer and were most economic behaviour. frequent. Few specimens belonged to large Riparo Tagliente (Lessini area, North Italy) is a ungulates in RT and GG, such as aurochs/bison. rock shelter, located at 250m asl. The stratigraphy Carnivores were scanty in RT because of evident series, deposited in the Upper Pleistocene is longer human occupation levels while in GG and GR divided into 2 main units separated by an erosion they were slightly better represented during non- surface - deposits with Mousterian and Aurignacian anthropic occupations. industries and deposits with Epigravettian Methodology industries. The Mousterian sequence can be dated Schwab (2002) for localisation and orientation from MIS 5 to MIS 3 (Bartolomei et alii 1982; of the traces; Giacobini and Patou-Mathis (2002) Guerreschi et alii 2002). The lithic industry is for the measurement of the blanks and the used characterised by the Levallois method along the areas; Mallye et alii (2012) for codification of used sequence and the appearance of Laminar method area’s morphology and for the denomination and in the uppermost levels (Arzarello, Peretto 2005; description of traces were incorporated. Bone Peresani 2009). For this study, three levels from fractures of blanks were classified following Villa the upper part of the Mousterian series were and Mahieu (1991) in order to better define the considered. completeness of the shaft. Stereomicroscope and Grotta della Ghiacciaia (Lessini area, North Italy) SEM observations were carried out. is a cave located on the left side of the same valley as Fumane at 250m asl. A test pit was excavated in Results the 80’s. At the base of the stratigraphic series is Totally, 81 retouchers were examined - three Unit 1 (sterile), followed by Unit 2 and Unit 3, came from GR, four from GG and the rest (74) came characterised by short term anthropic occupation from RT (tab. 1). Within RT, there were three levels layers interspersed by carnivore occupations, with 74 bone retouchers and 80% came from level mostly . The Mousterian industries are 37. The results focus on RT sample because characterised by Levallois, Quina and Discoid majority of the bone retouchers come from this site methods (Bertola et alii 1999). and hence are statistically more significant. In all Grotta Reali (Molise Region, South Italy) is the three sites, the raw material for retouchers was located in a cave generated at the foot of a tufa obtained from red deer shafts, followed by barrage, at the edge of a large terrace, in aurochs/bison and elk from levels 35 and 37 of RT. correspondence with a major spring of the Chamois was present only in level 36 of RT Volturno river. The settlement, dating between 50– (tab.1). The use of small-sized animals such as roe deer and chamois was noticed in layer 36 and 37

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ITE /T AXA RIPARO TAGLIENTE GROTTA DELLA GHIACCIAIA GROTTA REALI

Alces alces 2

Cervus elaphus 7 2 1

Capreolus capreolus 2

Rupicapra rupicapra 16

Bos/Bison 11 2

Artiodactyla 1

Medium-sized Ungulata 1

Large-sized Ungulata 31

Indeterminate 4 1

Total 74 4 3

Tab.1 – Taxa used as raw material for retouchers in all the three sites.

In terms of anatomical body-part there was a difference in depth of the traces that representation, all long bones which bear flat could be associated to the state of the blanks – surfaces such as metapodial and tibia were whether fresh or dry. Linear traces were mostly preferred - less frequent were humerus, radius and oriented transversally with respect to the main axis femur. In level 37, interesting singular exceptions of the tool which indicated that there was a were the evidence of exploitation of first phalanx of standard position of the tool with respect to the roe deer and rib of a large ungulate. flint edge. Taphonomical analyses demonstrated well- Conclusions preserved bone surfaces. The main modification GG and GR have provided only qualitative data. was weathering (medium to high degree) present The retouchers from GG have been impacted by on at least 50% of the retoucher samples. It had post-depositional processes and are hence mainly modified the bones with length –wise incomplete. Blanks of large ungulates of medium fractures and consequently reduced the width of freshness seem to have been the preferred raw the blank. material for utilisation as retouchers. In case of GR, Exfoliation and root-etching were fairly absent retouchers were distinctly made on red deer shafts and had not damaged the surfaces much. Analyses probably using fresh bone blanks. RT assemblage of the state of preservation of diaphyseal fragments provided several qualitative and quantitative data. showed that retouchers, which were complete and Blanks with intermediary freshness were most partially complete, were in greater numbers – probably utilised and the best preserved specimens approximately 70-80 % when compared to ones are the ones from large ungulates. that were fragmented – 20-30% without their By this study we realized that we need to better original morphology. Around 70% of the bone define a method to show the completeness of the retouchers had onlyone used area. blanks and to understand the original morphology Around 20% had two used areas and only two of the tool. Also, to identify correlation between from level 37 had three used areas. Regarding functional scraping, other traces and used areas morphology of traces, mostly linear impressions and to see if they are related to knapping or associated with cupules were recognised and butchery. documented, occurring together in 75% in level 36 In perspective, further studies with an and 60% in level 37. This can be explained by the experimental approach will point out eventually intensive exploitation of the tools. Rare were the the correlation between bone retouchers and cases in which the traces were diffused and less debitage methods. concentrated in groups. Among the used tools,

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AUTHORS

CLAUDIA ABRUZZESE PABLO ARIAS CABAL Università di Napoli ”L’Orientale”, Dipartimento Asia, Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Africa e Mediterraneo, Piazza S. Domenico Maggiore, Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Avda. de los 80134 Napoli. Castros, s/n, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. [email protected] [email protected]

SILVANO AGOSTINI JULIE ARNAUD Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi dell’Abruzzo, Via degli Agostiniani 14, 66100 Chieti. Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. FLAVIO ALTAMURA [email protected] Università di Roma Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma. SIMONA ARRIGHI [email protected] Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca NICOLA AMICO Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Università di Firenze, PIN S.c.r.l. - Polo Universitario Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova “Città di Prato”, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato. dell’Ammazzatorio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro, Arezzo.

[email protected] DIEGO E. ANGELUCCI

Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Lettere e MARTA ARZARELLO Filosofia, via T. Gar 14, 38122 Trento. Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi [email protected] Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e

Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. ANNA PAOLA ANZIDEI Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo e l'Area [email protected] Archeologica centrale di Roma, Piazza delle Finanze 1, 00185 Roma. DANIELE AURELI Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ASTOLFO ARAUJO della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Arqueologia e Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Etnologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Università di Parigi Ouest Nanterre La Défense, UMR em Evolução, Cultura e Meio Ambiente, Av. Prof. 7041 – ArScAn, Equipe AnTET, Maison René Ginouvès Almeida Prado, 1466 Butantã, São Paulo 05508-070, (MAE), 21 Allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre Brazil. Cedex, France. Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse [email protected] Aldrovandi 18, Roma. JAVIER BAENA BIANCAMARIA ARANGUREN Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio Prehistoria y Arqueología, Carretera de Colmenar per la Città Metropolitana di Firenze e le province di Viejo, Km 15, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Pistoia e Prato, Via della Pergola 65, 50121 Firenze. JEAN -JACQUES BAHAIN ALMUDENA ARELLANO UMR 7194 HNHP (Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Musée de préhistoire régionale de Menton, Rue Préhistorique), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Loredan-Larchey, 06500 Menton, France. rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France. [email protected] [email protected]

FABIOLA ARENA CARLA BARTOLINI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Biomediche e Chirurgico Specialistiche, Laboratorio Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e di Archeo-Antropologia e Antropologia Forense, c.so Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’ Este 32, 44121 Ercole I d'Este n. 32, 44121 Ferrara. Ferrara. Centro di Ricerca speleo-archeologica “Enzo dei [email protected] Medici”, via Lucania 3, 87070 Roseto Capo Spulico, CS. [email protected]

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MICHELE BASSETTI Paläontologie, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. CORA Ricerche Archeologiche snc, via Salisburgo 16, [email protected] 38121 Trento. [email protected] MARCO BERTOLINI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi LUCA BELLUCCI umanistici, Laboratorio di archeozoologia e tafonomia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory/Polo Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. museale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. [email protected]

JOÃO BELON ANDREA BILLI FlyGIS - UAV Surveys. Geographic Information IGAG CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Specialists, Portugal. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 [email protected] Monterotondo, Roma.

STEFANO BENAZZI VALENTINA BORGIA Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna. Archaeological Research, Downing Street, Cambridge [email protected] CB2 3ER, .

PAOLO BENEDUCE PAOLO BOSCATO Università della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Geologiche, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza. della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca [email protected] Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. [email protected] MARCO BENVENUTI Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della GIOVANNI BOSCHIAN Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze. Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia, via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa. GABRIELE L. F. BERRUTI [email protected] University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. FRANCESCO BOSCHIN Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Social, , Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Àrea de Prehistòria, Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova Campus Sescelades, Edifici W1, planta baixa, dell’Ammazzatoio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro, Arezzo. Carretera de Valls, s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain. [email protected] Associazione culturale 3P – Progetto Preistoria Piemonte, Via Lunga 38, 10099 San Mauro Torinese, MAURO BRILLI Torino. IGAG CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Montelibretti, [email protected] Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma.

GIULIA BERRUTO ELISA BRUNELLI Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Antichità, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Storia e Geografia, Via Balbi 2, 16126 Scienze dell’Antichità, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Genova. Roma. Associazione culturale 3P – Progetto Preistoria Piemonte, Via Lunga 38, 10099 San Mauro Torinese, EMANUELE CANCELLIERI Torino. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di [email protected] Scienze dell’Antichità, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. CLAUDIO BERTO Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi CHIARA CAPALBO Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44100 Ferrara. Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze. Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze della STEFANO BERTOLA Terra e del Mare, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo. Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Geologie und

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GIULIA CAPECCHI Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca di CHRISTINE CHAUSSÉ Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. UMR 8591-CNRS Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France. Aldrovandi 18, 00197 Roma. Inrap, 7 rue de Madrid, 75008 Paris, France. Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova dell’Ammazzatorio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro, Arezzo. FRANCESCO CIANI [email protected] Università di Firenze , Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze. SANDRO CARACAUSI Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució CARMINE COLLINA Social, , Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV, Museo Civico Biagio Greco, Via Genova 2, 81034 Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Mondragone, Caserta. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Àrea de Prehistòria, [email protected] Campus Sescelades, Edifici W1, planta baixa, Carretera de Valls, s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain. ANDRÈ CARLO COLONESE Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi University of York, Department of Archaeology, Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Biology S. Block, BioArCh, Wentworth Way, York Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. Associazione culturale 3P – Progetto Preistoria Piemonte, Via Lunga 38, 10099 San Mauro Torinese, TOMMASO COLONNA Torino. CGT GROUP, Via Strasburgo 7, Zona industriale di [email protected] Bomba, Fraz. Meleto, 52022 Cavriglia, Arezzo.

ELIANA CATELLI SILVANA CONDEMI Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones UMR 7268 ADES, Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Droit, Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Avda. de los Castros, s/n, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. Ethique et Santé CNRS, Université d’Aix-Marseille / Universitá di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro EFS CNRS / Faculté de Médecine, Secteur Nord, 5, 00185 Roma. CS80011 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille eliana.catelli@ålumnos.unican.es Cedex 15, France. [email protected] GIOVANNI CAVALLO Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della GIACOMO COMENCINI Terra e dell’Ambiente, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia. Università di Ferrara, Studi Umanistici, Sezione di University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Supsi, Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I Institute of Materials and Constructions, Trevano, d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara. 6952 Canobbio, . [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] JACOPO CONFORTI Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del FLORIANO CAVANNA Sapere, Via Pasquale Paoli 15, 56126 Pisa. Associazione Arké, Via Morbello Vergari 2, 58100, [email protected] Grosseto. ANTONIO CONTARDI FABIO CAVULLI Museo Civico A. Klitsche De la Grange, Palazzo Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Lettere e Camerale, P.zza della Repubblica 29, 00051 Allumiere, Filosofia, Via Tommaso Gar 14, 38122 Trento. Roma.

MARTINA CESTARI JACOPO CREZZINI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università di Siena, Dip. di Scienze Fisiche della Terra Umanistici, Sezione di Preistoria e Protostoria, Corso e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Preistoria e Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara. Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova SHARADA CHANNARAYAPATNA dell’Ammazzatorio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro, Arezzo. Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi [email protected] umanistici, Laboratorio di archeozoologia e tafonomia,

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ANNA CUSINATO HENRY DE SANTIS MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Accademia Archeologica Italiana, Genova. Scienza 3, 38123 Trento. Ispettore Onorario MiBACt presso Soprintendenza [email protected] Archeologia della Liguria, Genova. [email protected] SARA DAFFARA Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució LUCA DI BIANCO Social, , Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV, Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Umanistici, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Àrea de Prehistòria, Campus Sescelades, Edifici W1, planta baixa, ZELIA DI GIUSEPPE Carretera de Valls, s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Museo e Istituto Fiorentino di Preistoria, via S. Egidio Università di Ferrara, Dip. di Studi Umanistici, Sezione 21, 50122 Firenze. di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. PAOLA DI LEO Associazione culturale 3P – Progetto Preistoria CNR, IMAA (Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Piemonte, Via Lunga 38, 10099 San Mauro Torinese, Ambientale), C.da S. Loja, Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Torino. Scalo, Potenza. [email protected] [email protected]

GIANPIERO DI MAIDA GIAMPAOLO DALMERI Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Graduate MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della School «Human Development in Landscapes», Scienza 3, 38123 Trento. Leibnizstr 3, 24118 Kiel, Germany. [email protected] [email protected]

CARMINE D’A MICO MASSIMO D’O RAZIO Università del Molise, Dip. di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università di Pisa, Dipartimento Scienze della terra, C.da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Isernia. Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa. [email protected] EMANUELA D’A NGELO Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di KATERINA DOUKA Scienze dell’Antichità, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, Roma. South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom. [email protected] ADITI DAVE University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, ROSSELLA DUCHES South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom. MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della [email protected] Scienza 3, 38123 Trento. [email protected] GIUSEPPE DE ANGELIS Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dip. di Scienze DANIELA ESU dell’Antichità, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 JEAN -PHILIPPE DEGEAI Roma. UMR 5140-CNRS Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes, 390 avenue de Pérols 34970, CRISTIANA FERREIRA Lattes, France. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Geology, Quinta de Prados, MASSIMO DELFINO 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della University of Coimbra, Geosciences Centre, Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino. Quaternary and Prehistory group, Rua Silvio Lima, Pòlo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal. DAVIDE DELPIANO University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Università di Ferrara, Dipa di Studi Umanistici, Research (IIIUC), Casa Costa Alemão, Polo II, Rua Dom Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal. Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM), Mação, Portugal. [email protected]

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IVANA FIORE ENRICO GIANNITRAPANI Museo delle Civiltà.. Museo Nazionale Preistorico Arkeos - Servizi integrati per i Beni Culturali s.c., Via S. Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, Pietro 224, 94100 Enna. P.le G. Marconi 14, 00144 Roma. [email protected] [email protected] SALATORE IVO GIANO FEDERICA FONTANA Università della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Università di Ferrara, Dip. di Studi Umanistici, Sezione Geologiche, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza. di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I [email protected] d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. [email protected] DARIO GIOIA CNR, IBAM (Istituto per i beni archeologici e MARGHERITA FREGUGLIA monumentali), C.da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo, Potenza. Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, [email protected] della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca di Preistoria e Antropologia, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 CLAUDIA GIULIANI Siena. Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze. MARINE FROUIN University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, FRANCESCA GIUSTINI South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom. IGAG CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1- [email protected] Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma. FABIO FUSCO Viale Giovanni Bovio 10, 65123 Pescara. ELISA GLIOZZI Università Roma 3, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale MONICA GALA Marconi 446, 00146 Roma. Polo Museale del Lazio. Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, GIUDITTA GRANDINETTI P.le G. Marconi 14, 00144 Roma. Studio Archeologico Hera, Via della Pieve 6, 57127 [email protected] Livorno.

FRANCESCO GARBASI STEFANO GRIMALDI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Lettere e Umanistici, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara. Filosofia, Via Tommaso Gar 14, 38122 Trento. Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Piazza ELEONORA GARGANI Ruggero Bonghi 2, 03012 Anagni, Frosinone. Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi [email protected] Umanistici, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. MARION HERNANDEZ BERNARD GASSIN Max Planck Institut for Evolutionary Anthropology, Université Toulouse, TRACES, UMR 5608, 5 allées Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, Cedex 9. [email protected] THOMAS F. G. HIGHAM University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, BIAGIO GIACCIO South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom. CNR, Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, [email protected] Via salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma. JAMIE HODGKINS GIANNA GIACHI Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio Denver, USA. per la Città Metropolitana di Firenze e le province di [email protected] Pistoia e Prato, Via della Pergola 65, 50121 Firenze. BRIGITTE HOLT PAOLO GIANNANDREA University of Massachusetts, Department of Università della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Anthropology, 217 Machmer Hall, 240 Hicks Way Geologiche, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza. Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA. [email protected] [email protected]

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MARIA HROZNY KOMPATSCHER Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Via Leonardo da Vinci 15, I-39100 Bolzano. Ferrara. [email protected] GIUSEPPE LEMBO JEAN JAQUES HUBLIN Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Max Planck Institut for Evolutionary Anthropology, Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. 04103 Leipzig, Germany. CRISTINA LEMORINI DAWID ADAM IURINO Università di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Museo delle Origini, Piazzale Scienze della Terra, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma. Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma. NICOLE LIMONDIN -LOZOUET UMR 8591 CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, CAMILLE JÉQUIER 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France. Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara. ALESSANDRA LIVRAGHI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi LUCIEN JOURDAN Umanistici, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René [email protected] Panhard, 75013 Paris, France. LAURA LONGO KLAUS KOMPATSCHER Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Via Leonardo da Vinci 15, I-39100 Bolzano. Avenue, 639798 Singapore. [email protected] DOMENICO LO VETRO CATHERINE KUZUCUOGLU Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Storia, UMR 8591 CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo (SAGAS), Via 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France. S. Egidio 21, 50126 Firenze.

FRÉDÉRIC LACOMBAT NICOLA MACCHIONI Musée de Paléontologie de Chilhac - CG 43, CNR IVALSA, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Paleontology, Curator & Dept. Head. France. Fiorentino (Firenze).

CHRISTELLE LAHAYE DONATELLA MAGRI Université Bordeaux 3, UMR 5060, CNRS, Institut de Università di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, Maison de Biologia Ambientale, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 l'Archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac Roma. [email protected] Cedex, France. FEDERICA MARANO WALTER LANDINI Università di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Università degli Studi di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Scienze della Terra, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 della Terra, Via S. Marina 53, 56126 Pisa. Roma.

FELICE LAROCCA GIULIA MARCIANI Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Missione di ricerca Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, speleo-archeologica, via Pisani 26, 87010 Sant’Agata della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca di di Esaro (Cosenza). Preistoria e Antropologia, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Centro di Ricerca speleo-archeologica “Enzo dei Siena. Medici”, via Lucania 3, 87070 Roseto Capo Spulico, Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Cosenza. Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e [email protected] Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44100 Ferrara. Universitat Rovira I Virgili Tarragona, Department of ELISA LEGER History, History of Art, Av. Catalunya 35, 43002 Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Tarragona, Spain. Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e [email protected]

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MARTA MARIOTTI LIPPI Scienze della Terra, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via La Roma. Pira 4, 50121 Firenze. VALERIO MODESTI FABIO MARTINI Museo Civico A. Klitsche De la Grange, Palazzo Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Storia, Camerale, P. zza della Repubblica 29, 00051 Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo (SAGAS), Via Allumiere, Roma. S. Egidio 21, 50126 Firenze. GUIDO MONTANARI -CANINI SERGIO MARTINI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Terra e dell’Ambiente, Via Ferrara 1, 27100 Pavia. Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44100 Ferrara. G.E.A. srl. Via Amati 12, 27100 Pavia. LUCIA MONTI FEDERICO MASINI Azienda Ospedaliera Senese ”S.Maria alle Scotte”, Associazione Arké, Via Morbello Vergari 2, 58100, U.O.C. Neuroimmagini e Neurointerventistica, Strada Grosseto. alle Scotte, 53100 Siena. [email protected] MASSIMO MASSUSSI Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory, P.le ERIKA MORETTI Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca PAUL MAZZA Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di [email protected] Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze. MIRIA MORI ILARIA MAZZINI Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di IGAG CNR - Area della Ricerca di Roma 1- Biologia, Piazza di San Marco 4, 50121 Firenze. Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma. ADRIANA MORONI Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory, P.le Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma. della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. BENIAMINO MECOZZI Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Aldrovandi 18, Roma. Scienze della Terra/PaleoFactory, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova 00185 Roma. dell’Ammazzatorio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro, Arezzo. [email protected] RITA MELIS Università di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze PIERRE -ELIE MOULLÉ chimiche e geologiche, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. Musée de Préhistoire Régionale de Menton, Rue 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari. Loredan-Larchey, 06500 Menton, France. [email protected] NORBERT MERCIER Université Bordeaux 3, UMR 5060, CNRS, Institut de AURÉLIEN MOUNIER Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, Maison de University of Cambridge, Leverhulme Centre for l'Archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac Human Evolutionary Studies, The Henry Wellcome Cedex, France. Building, Fitzwilliam Street, CB2 1QH Cambridge, United Kingdom. CHRISTOPHER MILLER [email protected] Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Urgeschichte und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Abt. MARGHERITA MUSSI Geoarchäologie, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Università di Roma Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Germany. dell’Antichità, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma. [email protected] [email protected]

SALVATORE MILLI BRUNELLA MUTTILLO Università di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi

124 INCONTRI ANNUALI DI PREISTORIA E PROTOSTORIA , 1 (2016)

Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e 7, bȃt. A1, B-4000 Liège, Belgique. Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. MARINA PAGLI NICOLA NANNINI Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, UMR Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi 7041, ArScAn, équipe AnTET, Maison de l'Archéologie Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e et de l'Ethnologie, 21 allée de l'Université, 92023, Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’ Este 32, 44121, Nanterre Cedex, France. Ferrara. MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della PASQUINO PALLECCHI Scienza 3, 38123 Trento. Soprintendenza Archeologia della Toscana, Via della [email protected] Pergola 65, 50121 Firenze.

FABIO NEGRINO MARIA RITA PALOMBO Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Antichità, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Storia, Via Balbi 2, 16126 Genova. Scienze della Terra, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, c/o Roma. Soprintendenza Archeologia della Toscana, Via della Pergola 65, 50121 Firenze. FABIO PARENTI [email protected] Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 18, Roma. STEFANO NERI Universidade de Federal do Parana, Rua XV de MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Novembro 1299, Curitiba, Brazil. Scienza 3, 38123 Trento. [email protected] ANDREAS PASTOORS Neanderthal Museum, Talstrasse 300, 40822 ELISA NICOUD Mettmann, Germany. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Pȏle Universitaire Saint Jean d’Angély, CNRS CEPAM UMR 7264, 24 ALISON PEREIRA avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice, Cedex 4, UMR 7194 HNHP (Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme France. Préhistorique), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 [email protected] rue René Panhard 75013 Paris, France. UMR 8212, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de SÉBASTIEN NOMADE l’Environnement (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif Sur Yvette, UMR 8212, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de France. l’Environnement (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), point courier École française de Rome, piazza Farnèse 67, 00186 129, CEA-Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif Sur Yvette, Roma. France. [email protected] [email protected] MARCO PERESANI OLIVIER NOTTER Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, 56 Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e bis boulevard du Jardin Exotique, 98 000 Monaco. Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Ferrara. Département de Préhistoire, 1 Rue René Panhard, [email protected] 75013 Paris, France. [email protected] CARLO PERETTO Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi GÉRARD ONORATINI Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e [email protected] Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. [email protected] CALEY ORR Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado ELISABETTA PERRONI Denver, USA. Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Antichità, [email protected] Filosofia, Storia, Via Balbi 2, 16126 Genova.

MARCEL OTTE PAUL PETITT Université de Liège, Centre Interfacultaire de Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Recherches Archéologiques (CIRA), Place du XX aoȗt South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, United Kingdom.

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FLAVIA PIARULLI Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo, Cattedra di Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Paletnologia, Via S. Egidio 21, 50122 Firenze. Scienze dell’Antichità, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 [email protected] Roma. MATTEO ROMANDINI MARCELLO PIPERNO Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Museo Civico Biagio Greco, Via Genova 2, Mondragone, Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Caserta). Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44100 [email protected] Ferrara. [email protected] GENEVIÈVE POTHIER BOUCHARD Université de Montréal, Département d’anthropologie, ANNAMARIA RONCHITELLI Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, C.P.6128, succursale Centre- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. CLÀUDIO HENRIQUE REIS [email protected] University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Geology, Quinta de Prados, PIERLUIGI ROSINA 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Departamento de [email protected] Território, Arqueologia e Património, Quita do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, ANNA REVEDIN Portugal. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, sede University of Coimbra, Quaternary and Prehistory operativa Via della Pergola 65, 50121 Firenze. group - Geosciences Centre, Rua Silvio Lima, Pòlo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal. MARIA PIA RICCARDI Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM), Mação, Portugal. Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della [email protected] Terra e dell’Ambiente, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia. MARIA ADELAIDE ROSSI JULIEN RIEL SALVATORE Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio Université de Montréal, Département d’anthropologie, dell’Abruzzo,, Via degli Agostiniani 14, 66100 Chieti. Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, C.P.6128, succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. STEFANO ROSSI [email protected] Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Genova e le province di ROXANE ROCCA Imperia, La Spezia e Savona,, Via Balbi, 10 | 16126 Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, UMR Genova. 7041, ArScAn, équipe AnTET, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie, 21 allée de l'Université, 92023, ELENA ROSSONI -NOTTER Nanterre Cedex, France. Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, 56 [email protected] bis boulevard du Jardin Exotique - 98000 Monaco. [email protected], [email protected] VINCENT ROBERT UMR 8591-CNRS Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, FRANCESCO RUBAT BOREL 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France. Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Torino, piazza San CHARLOTTE ROBERTS Giovanni 2, 10122 Torino. Durham University, Department of Archaeology, [email protected]) South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, United Kingdom. ETTORE RUFO FRANCESCA ROMAGNOLI Associazione Culturale ArcheoIdea, via Longano 58, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució 86100 Campobasso. Social, , Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV, Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. GIANCARLO RUTA Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Área de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Edifici Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. W1, planta baixa, Carretera de Valls, s/n. 43007 Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Storia, Tarragona, Spain.

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BENEDETTO SALA Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. PATRICK SIMON Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, 56 FABIO SANTANIELLO bis boulevard du Jardin Exotique, 98000 Monaco. Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Lettere e [email protected] Filosofia, Via Tommaso Gar 14, 38122 Trento. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Pȏle Universitaire SUZANNE SIMONE Saint Jean d’Angély, CNRS CEPAM UMR 7264, 24 Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, 56 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice, Cedex 4, bis boulevard du Jardin Exotique, 98000 Monaco. France. [email protected] [email protected] MARCO SPADI ERNESTO SANTUCCI Università Roma 3, Dipartimento di Scienze, Viale Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Marconi 446, 00146 Roma. Nazionale Romano e l'Area Archeologica di Roma, Piazza delle Finanze 1, 00185, Roma. VINCENZO SPAGNOLO Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche RAFFAELE SARDELLA della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Scienze della Terra/ PaleoFactory, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, [email protected] 00185 Roma. VITALE STEFANO SPARACELLO LUCIA SARTI Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, United Kingdom. e dei Beni Culturali, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena. ENZA SPINAPOLICE ANDREA SAVORELLI Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Scienze dell'Antichità, Museo delle Origini, Piazzale Terra, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze. Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma.

MARCO SERRADIMIGNI ELISABETTA STARNINI Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Unità di Ricerca per la città metropolitana di Genova e le province di Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena. Imperia, La Spezia e Savona, Via Balbi 10, 16126 Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse Genova . Aldrovandi 18, Roma. Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Studi Centro Studi sul Quaternario Onlus, Via Nuova Storici, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Torino. dell’Ammazzatorio 7, 52037 Sansepolcro. [email protected]

MARCELLO SCHIATTARELLA DAVID STRAIT Università della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Department of Anthropology, Washington University Geologiche, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza. in St. Louis, USA. [email protected] [email protected]

JEAN -LUC SCHWENNINGER ROBERTO SULPIZIO University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Dipartimento di South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom. Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Piazza Umberto I [email protected] 1, 70121 Bari. [email protected] ANTONIA SCIANCALEPORE Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory, P.le ANTONIO TAGLIACOZZO Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma. Museo delle Civiltà. Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, DARIO SIGARI P.le G. Marconi 14, 00144 Roma. Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi [email protected]

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SAHRA TALAMO Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Max Planck Institut for Evolutionary Anthropology, Université Toulouse, UMR 5608 TRACES, 5 allées Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. 04103 Leipzig, Germany. [email protected]

JOSÉ -MIGUEL TEJERO PIERRE VOINCHET Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, UMR Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194 HNHP 7041, ArScAn, équipe AnTET, Maison de l'Archéologie (Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique), 1 rue et de l'Ethnologie, 21 allée de l'Université, 92023, René Panhard 75013 Paris, France. Nanterre Cedex, France. [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona, Departament Prehistoria, Historia Antigua, Arqueologia, SERP (Seminari MARIO VOLTAGGIO d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques), Carrer de IGAG CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Montalegre 6, Planta 1, despaxt 1034, Barcelona Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 08001, Spain. Monterotondo, Roma. [email protected] ERIN WHITTEY University of Massachusetts, Department of DEVIESE THIBAUT Anthropology, 217 Machmer Hall, 240 Hicks Way University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrin Building, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA. South parks road, Oxford, United Kingdom.

MAURIZIO ZAMBALDI URSULA THUN HOHENSTEIN Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e

Antropologiche, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. ANDREA ZERBONI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università Statale di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistici, Laboratorio di archeozoologia e della Terra "A. Desio", Via Mangiagalli 34, Milano. tafonomia, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. [email protected] [email protected] SARA ZIGGIOTTI CARLO TOZZI Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistici, C.so Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara. Archeologiche, 56100 Pisa. Università di Padova, Dipartimento Territorio e [email protected] Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Via dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova. ANTONIN TOMASSO Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Pȏle Universitaire ROBERTO ZORZIN Saint Jean d’Angély, CNRS CEPAM UMR 7264, 24 Civic Museum of Natural History, Lungadige avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice, Cedex 4, Portavittoria 9, 37129 Verona. France. [email protected] ANDREA ZUPANCICH Tel-Aviv University, Department of Archaeology and SONIA TUCCI Near Eastern Cultures, Gilman Buildin 225, Tel Aviv, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, PaleoFactory, P.le Israele Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma.

VALENTINA VILLA UMR 8591-CNRS Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France.

CLÉMENT VIRMOUX UMR 8591-CNRS Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon, France.

DAVIDE VISENTIN Università di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e

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