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TESE Silvia Biblioteca.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E EVOLUÇÃO BIONOMIA DE ODONATA: IMPLICAÇÕES ECOLÓGIC AS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO D E R I Q U E Z A , NA DIVERSIDADE BETA E NO USO COMO INDICADORES AMBIENTA IS Silvia Leitão Dutra GOIÂNIA – GOIÁS – BRASIL – ABRIL DE 2011 – UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E EVOLUÇÃO BIONOMIA DE ODONATA: IMPLICAÇÕES ECOLÓGIC AS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO D E RIQUEZA, NA DIVERSID ADE BETA E NO USO CO M O INDICADORES AMBIENTA IS Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae. Silvia Leitão Dutra – DOUTORANDA – Profº Dr. Paulo De Marco Júnior – ORIENTADOR – GOIÂNIA – GOIÁS – BRASIL – ABRIL DE 2011 – Silvia Leitão Dutra BIONOMIA DE ODONATA: IMPLICAÇÕES ECOLÓGIC A S N A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RIQUEZA, NA DIVERSID ADE BETA E NO USO CO M O INDICADORES AMBIENTA IS Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae. Aprovada em 28 de Abril de 2011. Banca Examinadora: Profº Dr Artur Ângelo Bispo de Profa. Dra. Hélida Cunha Ferreira Oliveira Profº. Dr. Mário Almeida-Neto Profº. Dr. Joaquín Hortal-Muñhoz Profº. Dr. Paulo De Marco Júnior (Orientador) Mãezinha essa é pra você!! Agradecimentos Agradeço a oportunidade que muitos cidadãos brasileiros me deram ao financiarem minha formação em três universidades públicas! Agradeço a UFG pelo apoio desde a graduação, a UNB e UFGM pela oportunidade de aperfeiçoamento do mestrado e a UFG novamente pela formação do Doutorado. Agradeço a CAPES pela bolsa cedida desde o segundo ano de doutorado; à empresa de mineração Anglo-Américan pelo apoio logístico nas coletas realizadas em Barro Alto e Niquelândia e ao Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros pelo apoio logístico nas coletas realizadas dentro do parque e na cidade de Alto Paraíso. Agradeço aos amigos da coordenação que me acolheram e ajudaram dês de sempre! Seja como aluna de graduação, como professora substituta, e novamente aluna de doutorado. Tizuko, Cida, Fernando, Rafael e Gleice. Agradeço a todos e muitos amigos que me ajudaram nas coletas e fizeram destes momentos uma alegria!! Edu, Carol, Miriam, Nelson, Mayra, Leonardo, Paulo, Monik, Poli, Débora e Valéria (que tirou férias do emprego pra ir trabalhar comigo!). Sem vocês eu nunca conseguiria coletar em tantos pontos! Agradeço a todos que me ensinaram a arte da identificação de libélulas! E aos que ajudaram na organização da ex muito bagunçada coleção do laboratório... Karina Furieri, Joana, Miriam, Leandro, Nelson. Agradeço também a todos que colaboraram para enriquecer esta coleção. Agradeço ao pesquisador Frederico Lencioni pela confirmação das identificações. Agradeço a “orientação” estatística que recebi de tantos colegas!! Essa ajuda foi imprescindível! Leandro, Du, Tiago. Agradeço em especial as amigas que ajudaram nas discussões ecológicas e metodológicas que enriqueceram muito meu trabalho. Valeu Jú e Mayra! Agradeço também a Carol pelo mapa lindo e pelo imenso trabalho com as imagens de NDVI. Fernanda obrigada pela ajuda com NDVI também! Obrigada a todos que ajudaram na constante revisão do texto. Milton, Val, Karina, Carol e Sara. Agradeço a toda Comunidade simplesmente por estarem lá trocando idéias, fazendo café, enchendo a paciência dos outros, fazendo agente rir ou ouvindo quando eu precisava! Paulina, Karina, Natália, Joana, Leandro, Miriam, Du, Carol, Cecília, Jú,Fernanda, Sara, Rodrigo, Lara, Nelson, Mayra, Monic, Tiago, Poli, Julio, Fábio, Flavinha, Marina, Ricardo, Heury, Lenize e José Max. Agradeço as minhas republicas. Jú e Sara não vou me esquecer do pé de jabuticaba, das tapiocas e da nossa “piscina” no quarto! Val e Débora muito obrigada por compartilharem comigo momentos tão bacanas! Morar com vocês foi muuuito bom! Obrigada a Carolzinha e a Natália as conversas com vocês durante as milhares de caronas que peguei foram valiosas e divertidas! Obrigada as pessoas que gosto profundamente mas que por enquanto estão longe de mim... Obrigada Raphael e Diogo vocês sempre foram muito importantes na minha vida! Obrigada as pessoas da minha família e que amo profundamente! Brigadinha mãe, pai, Lú e Cláudio, Jú, Luiz e Elisa. Obrigada a toda minha família adotiva! Sei que vocês sempre torceram muito por mim! Todo Clã da Vilma e da Lúcia e as meninas do centrinho e NEAP. Obrigada a Flavinha que me colocou para trabalhar na mostra Darwin! Fazer o que gosto me ajudou a me manter de pé! E conhecer pessoas muito especiais! Obrigada ao Milton por estar sempre disposto a compartilhar e multiplicar os momentos felizes do meu lado! Por fim... Obrigada ao Paulo, a pessoa mais maluca que eu já conheci! Que me aceitou como orientada, mesmo sabendo que não tenho o perfil de conhecimento estatístico de seus alunos. Obrigada por ter tido a paciência que eu mesma não teria com um aluno. Obrigada por ter me desorientado com seus elogios... e por realmente ter orientado minha formação em ecologia, em pesquisa e divulgação científicas! Muito obrigada a todos que me ajudaram nesta caminhada! SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ...............................................................................- 3 - REFERÊNCIAS ...........................................................................................- 7 - CAPÍTULO 1 PADRÃO DE DISTRIBUIÇÂO DE RIQUEZA DE ODONATA NO BRASIL RESUMO ................................................................................................... - 11 - ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... - 12 - 1. INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................... - 10 - 2. METODOLOGIA ................................................................................... - 13 - 2.1. DADOS DE OCORRÊNCIA DAS ESPÉCIES ................................................ - 13 - 2.3. DADOS AMBIENTAIS ............................................................................ - 14 - 2.4. ANÁLISES ESTATÍSTICAS ..................................................................... - 15 - 3. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................... - 16 - 4. DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................... - 23 - REFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................... - 29 - CAPITULO 2 PARTIÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE BETA EM ANINHAMENTO E SUBSTITUIÇÃO PARA AS SUBORDENS ZYGOPTERA E ANISOPTERA (ODONATA) RESUMO ................................................................................................... - 34 - ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... - 35 - 1. INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................... - 36 - 2. METODOLOGIA .................................................................................... - 41 - 2.1 LOCAL DE ESTUDO .............................................................................. - 41 - 2.2 COLETA DE MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ......................................................... - 45 - 2.3 DADOS AMBIENTAIS E DE PAISAGEM ...................................................... - 45 - 2. 4ANÁLISE DE DADOS ............................................................................. - 47 - 3. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................... - 49 - 3.1 DESCRIÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE DE ODONATA ........................................... - 49 - 3.2 ESCALA ESPACIAL E DESCRITORES DA PAISAGEM DERIVADOS DO NDVI .... - 49 - 3.3 DIVERSIDADE BETA - SUBSTITUIÇÃO E ANINHAMENTO .............................. - 53 - 4. DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................... - 56 - 4.1 ESCALA ESPACIAL E DESCRITORES DA PAISAGEM DERIVADOS DO NDVI .... - 56 - 4.2 DIVERSIDADE BETA - SUBSTITUIÇÃO E ANINHAMENTO .............................. - 60 - REFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................... - 63 - CAPÍTULO 3 DIFERENÇAS BIONÔMICAS EM ODONATA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DE ESPÉCIES INDICADORAS DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL RESUMO ................................................................................................... - 70 - ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... - 71 - 1. INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................... - 74 - 2. METODOLOGIA .................................................................................... - 78 - 2.1. LOCAL DE ESTUDO ............................................................................. - 78 - 2.2. COLETA DE MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ........................................................ - 82 - 2.3. ANÁLISE DE DADOS ............................................................................ - 83 - 3. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................... - 87 - 4. DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................... - 98 - REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................... - 103 - CONCLUSÂO GERAL..........................................................................
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