DOCSLIB.ORG

Antarctic.V11.6.1987.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antarctic.V11.6.1987.Pdf IHSibWdOO dVW A13I0OS OI10UV1NV QNVTV3Z AA3N umooT VNUN30UV UjUEN UBS IBJ3U3D H sonvisi 3tiH3 ie|ewE3 aiusjuai gi xn BJ3l|l0U 21 QNV113HS >in tepeJBJ H vsn jOLU|ed 01 Hinos vNiiNiouv oiqttiBJBW ojopoiuoo as;A 6 3NUN30UV ezueudsj 9 3iiH3 stflOOjH.O opjetuag lejsuag / Sims ibjj ojnuv ueijdeo g vnimo ||BW K8J9 assn u9SnEHS6ui|i9g 31IMD gSJCW OJIOPOH 31U9IU31 9 Avnonun seBiUV V VNUN30UV Aueqnp siuaiuai £ CWTOd »|SM0)3JV &U3H 2 11ZVUS 7B1J3J 3iuepu«uj03 I VinSNINBd 3I13UV1NV OIOHVINV ANTARCTIC (successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin) Vol. 11 No. 6 Winter 1987 Issue 126 Contents Polar Activities Special report 234 ANTARCTIC is published quarterly by the New Zealand 238 New Zealand Antarctic Society Inc., 1978. Australia 244 244 ISSN 0003-5327 Bulgaria Italy 245 Editor: Robin Ormerod Japan 247 Please address all editorial inquiries, con South Korea 248 tributions etc. to the Editor, P.O. Box 2110, United Kingdom 249 Wellington, New Zealand. United States 252 Telephone: (04) 791-226 International: + 64-4-791-226 Sub-Antarctic Deadline for final copy for the spring 1987 Macquarie 261 issue is February 20. Snares 263 Publication date March 18. All administrative enquiries should go to General Bulletin "Co-ordinator", P.O. Box 1223, Greenpeace 264 Christchurch. Scott-Amundsen descendants 266 Erebus chalice 267 Registered at P.O. Headquarters, as a magazine. Obituaries 268 Book review 270 Cover: Dobson units represent an amount of ozone equivalent to an 0.01mm thick layer at surface pressure. This colour © No part of this publication may be reproduced enhanced version was based on readings in any way without the prior permission of the taken by Nimbus 7 on October 7, 1987. publishers. Reproduced with permission from the Na tional Aeronautics and Space Agency. Washington. Story page 234. Antarctic Winter, 1987 Special report: Ozone: the hole that is not a hole Preliminary results from this year's spring ozone measurements made during a series of flights by U.S. scientists in September and October 1987 show the layer of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica to be the most depleted on record; 15 percent less than the previous minimum of September 1985. In an effort to explain the causes of the depletion further ground based exploratory work is being undertaken by New Zealand and U.S. scientists throughout the season. (This article summarises some of these efforts. "Antarctic" would like to thank Dr Tom Clarkson of the New Zealand Meteorological Service and Gordon Keys and Nicholas Jones of PEL, Lauder for their assistance.) Ozone is a relatively rare form of oxygen coming as high as 50 per cent during comprising three atoms of oxygen in each spring in the last three years. molecule instead of two. It is formed by Current photochemical models did not the action of sunlight on oxygen at predict a depletion of this magnitude and altitudes of 30 to 50 km and some of it is they cannot explain the decrease. Scien simultaneously destroyed by sunlight and tists seeking an explanation are concen by complex and coupled catalytic reactions trating chiefly on the unusual meteorology involving mainly the oxides of hydrogen, over the continent during the winter and nitrogen and chlorine in approximately spring and associated atmsopheric chem equal amounts. Because energy is absorb istry. ed in the stratosphere by the ozone its distribution modifies the stratospheric The ozone is threatened globally by the radiation balance and determines the ver increasing use of a range of tical temperature structure. Below 25 km chloroflurocarbon compounds which solar ultra violet has less influence on have enormous utility as refrigerants, ozone production and loss as it is absorbed plastic foaming agents, aerosol pro- by the ozone above. pellants. cleaning solvents and fire ex Ozone is important because of its ability tinguishers. The Antarctic ozone hole to filter out the sun's ultraviolet radiation. phenomenon has been a spur to some Scientists are concerned that if the area of remarkable international co-operation depletion should spread it will result in in under the auspices of UNEP. In Sep creased occurrence of skin cancer and tember 1987, the Montreal Protocol unknown changes in animal and plant life. was signed by 24 countries (with many more expected to join). This is an Antarctic monitoring agreement for governments to ensure Monitored from Antarctica since 1957, that the use of fluorocarbons is reduced spring time (August to November) by 50 percent during the next ten decreases in atmospheric/stratospheric years. This is probably not enough to ozone have been observed from Halley completely stop ozone depletion but is Bay, Syowa and South Pole Stations since nevertheless a move in the right direc the late 1970's and have been recorded by tion and a clear signal to industry to satellites over a wider area of the conti develop alternatives to avoid being nent. Depletion has been estimated as be caught with a dying technology. 234 Winter, 1987 Antarctic Antarctica is susceptible to abnormal chemistry because of a unique vortex or "self con tained" winter weather pattern in which the air in the strato sphere above the continent re ceives very little influx from warmer latitudes. Almost cyclonic in nature it is charac terised by strong horizontal temperature gradients. The stable pattern, which isolates the polar regions from more equatorial areas, persists late into spring and is unlike the northern hemispheric polar c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h a r e fragmented earlier by global scale wave motions. At the centre of the vortex temperatures fall as low as -85 degrees C — lower than any where else in the stratosphere — and remain low until well into spring. After months of darkness sunlight gradually returns in August modifying the atmospheric chemical compounds by photolysis. Several explanations of ozone depletion relating to the chemistry of the stratosphere assume that even in these conditions concentrations of other compounds in the at mosphere would change along with the concentration of ozone; verification of such hypotheses requires atmospheric chemical The New Zealand Meteorological Service's Dob data which can only be obtained during son Spectrophotometer as installed in the small the Antarctic spring. laboratory at Arrival Heights. Photo Tom Clarkson Early information Much of this season's early information samples and measuring concentrations of was gathered in a series of flights made by various chemicals in the atmosphere. two NASA aircraft flying out of Southern The other aircraft, a modified DC8, car Chile. A ER2, or civilian variant of the U2 ried out seven experiments using remote spy plane, made 12 sorties into the so- sensing devices to measure ozone concen called "hole" over Antarctica at altitudes trations at a distance from the aircraft using of up to 20,700 meters as part of 14 ex sunlight, moonlight or laser reflections. periments involving the collection of air Operating at a lower altitude and longer Antarctic Winter, 1987 range it made 13 flights to the South Pole of reactive nitrogen and reactive chlorine and landed in Christchurch on the final species. sortie. The whole airborne experiment in In support of NOZE 1 in 1987 scientists volved over 160 scientists, pilots and other sought to obtain infrared solar spectra from personnel and cost an estimated $US10 ground based stations at the South Pole. million. These spectra contain thousands of ab NOZE1 sorption lines produced by compounds present in the atmospheric chemistry at the In 1986/87 American scientists par time measurements from the aircraft, in ticipating in the first spring National Ozone volved in the project, were made. Because Expedition (NOZE 1) measured as many the instruments respond to molecules any stratospheric chemical constituents as where along the optical path, the tech possible to obtain a better understanding of nique yields information on the total col chemical and dynamic processes that may umn density of compounds present in the contribute to the decrease in ozone. stratosphere. Preliminary results of the 86-87 expedi Working at Arrival Heights from late tion confirmed that nitrogen oxides were August until mid-October the same team of present in the small amounts described by scientists within NOZE 2 were joined by New Zealand's DSIR group from Lauder* New Zealander Nicholas Jones from who, in 1982, initiated a continuing pro Lauder. Using the same instrument as in gramme of measurements of nitrogen ox the previous year the team took measure ide, ozone and oxides of chlorine from Ar ments which would subsequently be rival Heights. The New Zealanders' year round ground based visible and ultra-violet spectrometry results have now also been BAS studies supplemented by data from the Pole and Measurements of the total ozone content Halley Bay adding a spatial dimension to of the atmosphere are made at the BAS the results. observatories. NASA has collaborated with Chlorine BAS by providing ozone-sondes flown Chlorine compounds were also found by from Faraday in order to make compari the American scientists to be more sons with satellite observations. Since ozone acts as a shield filtering out harmful prevalent. These results support chemical theories suggesting that chlorine or chlo ultraviolet radiation from the sun, a rine-bromine chemical mechanisms are af decrease in the ozone layer would be of fecting the level of ozone in the strato considerable concern. Recent studies have sphere. shown that in the last decade or so there Some 1986/87 data indicated that the has been a 30% reduction in the ozone abundance of ozone-destroying chlorine amount at Halley in spring. This could be compounds was about 20 to 50 times attributed to chlorine released from man- greater than anticipated and they vary made chlorofluorocarbons used as aerosol diurnally.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of the Geology and Paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica
    U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper 107; doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp107 Review of the geology and paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica G.F. Webers¹ and J.F. Splettstoesser² ¹Department of Geology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA ([email protected]) ²P.O. Box 515, Waconia, MN 55387, USA ([email protected]) Abstract The geology of the Ellsworth Mountains has become known in detail only within the past 40-45 years, and the wealth of paleontologic information within the past 25 years. The mountains are an anomaly, structurally speaking, occurring at right angles to the Transantarctic Mountains, implying a crustal plate rotation to reach the present location. Paleontologic affinities with other parts of Gondwanaland are evident, with nearly 150 fossil species ranging in age from Early Cambrian to Permian, with the majority from the Heritage Range. Trilobites and mollusks comprise most of the fauna discovered and identified, including many new genera and species. A Glossopteris flora of Permian age provides a comparison with other Gondwana floras of similar age. The quartzitic rocks that form much of the Sentinel Range have been sculpted by glacial erosion into spectacular alpine topography, resulting in eight of the highest peaks in Antarctica. Citation: Webers, G.F., and J.F. Splettstoesser (2007), Review of the geology and paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, edited by A.K. Cooper and C.R. Raymond et al., USGS Open- File Report 2007-1047, Short Research Paper 107, 5 p.; doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp107 Introduction The Ellsworth Mountains are located in West Antarctica (Figure 1) with dimensions of approximately 350 km long and 80 km wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Peninsula
    Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
    THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PDF-TITEL-AA-CHILE-EMPEORSADVENTURE Kopie.Pages
    Antarktis Flug-Expeditionen EMPEROR PENGUINS Besuch der Kaiserpinguin-Kolonie in der Gould-Bucht ex Punta Arenas / Chile via Basecamp Union Glaciar POLARADVENTURES Schiffs- und Flug-Expeditionen in Arktis und Antarktis Reiseagentur Heinrich-Böll-Str. 40 * D-21335 Lüneburg * Deutschland Tel +49-4131- 223474 Fax +49-4131-54255 [email protected] www.polaradventures.de Saison 2021/22 Veranstalter Direkt-Angebote ab-bis Punta Arenas (Chile) für individuelle Planungen alle Abfahrten der Saison inkl. englischsprachiger Termine POLARADVENTURES Schiffs- und Flug-Expeditionen in Arktis und Antarktis Reiseagentur * Heinrich-Böll-Str. 40 * D-21335 Lüneburg * Deutschland Tel +49-4131- 223474 Fax +49-4131-54255 [email protected] www.polaradventures.de EMPEROR PENGUINS A PHOTOGRAPHER’S PARADISE Immerse yourself in the sights and sounds of the Gould Bay Emperor Penguin Colony on the remote coast of the Weddell Sea. Camp on the same sea ice where thousands of birds come to raise and feed their young. Photograph majestic emperors and their chicks against a spectacular backdrop of ice cliffs, pressure ridges, and icebergs. Spot petrels and seals amongst the endless white expanse. Fall asleep to a chorus of trumpeting calls and wake to find curious penguins outside your tent. Our remote field camp offers you unparalleled access to the emperors as you witness their amazing adaptations to the Antarctic environment alongside our expert guides. ITINERARY Arrival Day Punta Arenas, Chile Pre-departure Day Luggage Pick-Up & Briefing Day 1 Fly to Antarctica Day 2 Explore Union Glacier Day 3 Fly to Emperor Colony Day 4-6 Live with the Emperors Day 7 Return to Union Glacier Day 8 Explore Union Glacier Day 9 Return to Chile Flexible Departure Day Fly Home *Subject to change based on weather and flight conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 90 RECORDS of ,THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC
    ~ I Number 90 RECORDS OF ,THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC SERVICE Compiled by Charles E. Dewing and Laura E. Kelsay j ' ·r-_·_. J·.. ; 'i The National Archives Nat i on a 1 A r c hive s and R e c o rd s S e r vi c e General Services~Administration Washington: 1955 ---'---- ------------------------ ------~--- ,\ PRELIMINARY INVENTORY OF THE RECORDS OF THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC SERVICE {Record Group 1 Z6) Compiled by Charles E. Dewing and Laura E. Kelsay The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1955 National Archives Publication No. 56-8 i\ FORENORD To analyze and describe the permanently valuable records of the Fed­ eral Government preserved in the National Archives Building is one of the main tasks of the National Archives. Various kinds of finding aids are needed to facilitate the use of these records, and the first step in the records-description program is the compilation of preliminary inventories of the material in the 270-odd record groups to which the holdings of the National Archives are allocated. These inventories are called "preliminary" because they are provisional in character. They are prepared.as soon as possible after the records are received without waiting to screen out all disposable material or to per­ fect the arrangement of the records. They are compiled primarily for in­ ternal use: both as finding aids to help the staff render efficient refer­ ence service and as a means of establishing administrative control over the records. Each preliminary inventory contains an introduction that briefly states the history and fUnctions of the agency that accumulated the records.
    [Show full text]
  • S. Antarctic Projects Officer Bullet
    S. ANTARCTIC PROJECTS OFFICER BULLET VOLUME III NUMBER 8 APRIL 1962 Instructions given by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty ti James Clark Ross, Esquire, Captain of HMS EREBUS, 14 September 1839, in J. C. Ross, A Voya ge of Dis- covery_and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, . I, pp. xxiv-xxv: In the following summer, your provisions having been completed and your crews refreshed, you will proceed direct to the southward, in order to determine the position of the magnet- ic pole, and oven to attain to it if pssble, which it is hoped will be one of the remarka- ble and creditable results of this expedition. In the execution, however, of this arduous part of the service entrusted to your enter- prise and to your resources, you are to use your best endoavours to withdraw from the high latitudes in time to prevent the ships being besot with the ice Volume III, No. 8 April 1962 CONTENTS South Magnetic Pole 1 University of Miohigan Glaoiologioal Work on the Ross Ice Shelf, 1961-62 9 by Charles W. M. Swithinbank 2 Little America - Byrd Traverse, by Major Wilbur E. Martin, USA 6 Air Development Squadron SIX, Navy Unit Commendation 16 Geological Reoonnaissanoe of the Ellsworth Mountains, by Paul G. Schmidt 17 Hydrographio Offices Shipboard Marine Geophysical Program, by Alan Ballard and James Q. Tierney 21 Sentinel flange Mapped 23 Antarctic Chronology, 1961-62 24 The Bulletin is pleased to present four firsthand accounts of activities in the Antarctic during the recent season. The Illustration accompanying Major Martins log is an official U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections
    Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 .
    [Show full text]
  • Glacial Morphology of the Cary Age Deposits in a Portion of Central Iowa John David Foster Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-1969 Glacial morphology of the Cary age deposits in a portion of central Iowa John David Foster Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Foster, John David, "Glacial morphology of the Cary age deposits in a portion of central Iowa" (1969). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 17570. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/17570 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE CARY AGE DEPOSITS IN A PORTION OF CENTRAL IOWA by John David Foster A Thesis Submitted to the . • Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Subject: Geology Approved: Signatures have been redacted for privacy rs ity Ames, Iowa 1969 !/Y-J ii &EW TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION Location 2 Drainage 3 Geologic Description 3 Preglacial Topography 6 Pleistocene Stratigraphy 12 Acknowledgments . 16 GLACIAL GEOLOGY 18 General Description 18 Glacial Geology of the Study Area 18 Till Petrofabric Investigation 72 DISCUSSION 82 Introduction 82 Hypothetical Regime of the Cary Glacier 82 Review
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL Number Six
    THE JAMES CAIRD SOCIETY JOURNAL Number Six Antarctic Exploration Sir Ernest Shackleton MARCH 2012 1 Shackleton and a friend (Oliver Locker Lampson) in Cromer, c.1910. Image courtesy of Cromer Museum. 2 The James Caird Society Journal – Number Six March 2012 The Centennial season has arrived. Having celebrated Shackleton’s British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition, courtesy of the ‘Matrix Shackleton Centenary Expedition’, in 2008/9, we now turn our attention to the events of 1910/12. This was a period when 3 very extraordinary and ambitious men (Amundsen, Scott and Mawson) headed south, to a mixture of acclaim and tragedy. A little later (in 2014) we will be celebrating Sir Ernest’s ‘crowning glory’ –the Centenary of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition 1914/17. Shackleton failed in his main objective (to be the first to cross from one side of Antarctica to the other). He even failed to commence his land journey from the Weddell Sea coast to Ross Island. However, the rescue of his entire team from the ice and extreme cold (made possible by the remarkable voyage of the James Caird and the first crossing of South Georgia’s interior) was a remarkable feat and is the reason why most of us revere our polar hero and choose to be members of this Society. For all the alleged shenanigans between Scott and Shackleton, it would be a travesty if ‘Number Six’ failed to honour Captain Scott’s remarkable achievements - in particular, the important geographical and scientific work carried out on the Discovery and Terra Nova expeditions (1901-3 and 1910-12 respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Treaty
    The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 23, 2019 / Rules and Regulations 16791 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require Agricultural commodities, Pesticides SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The any special considerations under and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as Executive Order 12898, entitled requirements. amended (‘‘ACA’’) (16 U.S.C. 2401, et ‘‘Federal Actions to Address Dated: April 12, 2019. seq.) implements the Protocol on Environmental Justice in Minority Environmental Protection to the Richard P. Keigwin, Jr., Populations and Low-Income Antarctic Treaty (‘‘the Protocol’’). Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. Annex V contains provisions for the 1994). Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is protection of specially designated areas Since tolerances and exemptions that amended as follows: specially managed areas and historic are established on the basis of a petition sites and monuments. Section 2405 of under FFDCA section 408(d), such as PART 180—[AMENDED] title 16 of the ACA directs the Director the tolerance exemption in this action, of the National Science Foundation to ■ do not require the issuance of a 1. The authority citation for part 180 issue such regulations as are necessary proposed rule, the requirements of the continues to read as follows: and appropriate to implement Annex V Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. to the Protocol. et seq.) do not apply. ■ 2. Add § 180.1365 to subpart D to read The Antarctic Treaty Parties, which This action directly regulates growers, as follows: includes the United States, periodically food processors, food handlers, and food adopt measures to establish, consolidate retailers, not States or tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Reuse of a Site After Remediation. a Case Study from Cape Evans, Ross Island
    IP 68 Agenda Item: CEP 6 Presented by: ASOC Original: English Submitted: 23/04/2013 Reuse of a site after remediation. A case study from Cape Evans, Ross Island 1 IP 68 Reuse of a site after remediation. A case study from Cape Evans, Ross Island Information Paper submitted by ASOC1 Abstract The repair and remediation of environmental damage is a current topic at the CEP. Usually sites that have been subject to remediation are no longer used, or are reused by the same operator that conducted the remedial action and that can plan subsequent activities there. However, a different operator may reuse a remediated site without necessarily being aware of the site’s history. The reuse of a remediated site may undo the effects of remediation. This Information Paper examines such an instance, using a case study from a small site at Cape Evans, Ross Island, and makes a number of suggestions relevant to assessing cumulative impacts, assessing the effectiveness of remediation, and managing remediated sites. In most instances, it would be better to concentrate new activities at sites that have already been impacted by earlier activities rather than locating them in near-pristine sites, but there may be scientific and practical value also in leaving some remediated sites undisturbed and subject to ongoing monitoring. Overview The repair and remediation of environmental damage is a topic of current discussion at the CEP. Usually sites are no longer used after remediation, or are reused by the same operator that conducted the remedial action and that can plan subsequent activities there.
    [Show full text]