SPECTRUM EDITOR Roberta J. Moore Eric Anderson Margaret McFarland' Journalism History Law Roy Branson Lorna Linda University Pacific Union College University of Michigan Charles Scriven' Roy Benton LaVonne Neff EXECUTIVE EDITOR Theology Mathematics Author Richard Emmerson Graduate Theological Union Columbia Union College College Place, Washington Ottilie Stafford Raymond Cottrell Ronald Numbers EDITORIAL BOARD English Theology History of Medicine Atlantic Union College Lorna Linda, California University of Wisconsin Roy Branson Ethics, Kennedy Institute Judith Folkenberg Melvin K. H. Peters Georgetown University ASSISTANT EDITOR Researcher Old Testament Washington, D.C. Cleveland State University Molleurus Couperus Carolyn Stevens Physician English Lawrence Geraty Edward E. Robinson Angwin, California Walla Walla College Old Testament Attorney SDA Theological Seminary Chicago, Illinois Tom Dybdahl Editor EDITORIAL Fritz Guy Gerhard Svrcek-Seiler Allentown, Pennsylvania Theology . Psychiatrist ASSISTANT SDA Theological Seminary Vienna, Austria Richard Emmerson Nola-Jean Bamberry Jorgen Henrikson Betty Stirling English Walla Walla College Walla Walla College Artist Provost Boston, Massachusetts University of Baltimore Alvin L. Kwiram Chemistry CONSULTING Edward Lugenbeal Helen Ward Thompson University of Washington EDITORS Anthropology Administration Berrien Springs, Michigan Walla Walla College Gary Land Kjeld Andersen History Physician Eric A. Magnusson L. E. Trader Andrews University Lystrup, Denmark President Education Avondale College, Australia Marienhoehe Gymnasium, W; Germany Association ofAdventist Fonuns EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Corresponding Secretary Columbia COMMITTEE Of Academic Affairs Sean McCarthy Charles Bensonhaver Leslie Pitton Undergraduate Physician President Youth Director Columbia Union College Kettering, Ohio Takoma Park, Maryland Glenn E. Coe Central Union Conference Lake State's Attorney Lincoln, Nebraska Walter Douglas West Hartford, Connecticut Of International Relations REGIONAL Church History Vice President Molleurus Coupeurus REPRESENTATIVES SDA Theological Seminary Lyndrey ~. Niles Physician Atlantic Berrien Springs, Michigan CommunicatIOns Angwin, California Richard B. Lewis, Jr. Northern Pacific Howard University, Washington, D.C. Of Membership Advertising John Brunt Ex,:cutive Secretary Ronald Cople Boston, Massachusetts Theology Claire Hosten Business Central Walla Walla College Attorney Silver Spring, Maryland Erwin Sicher College Place, Washington Washmgton, D.C. History Southern Treasurer STAFF Southwestern Adventist College David Steen Richard C. Osborn Legal Consultant Keene, Texas Southern Missionary College History Bradley Litchfield Central Pacific Collegedale, Tennessee Takoma Academy Attorney Paul Dassenko Southern Pacific Takoma Park, Maryland Washington, D.C. Financial Analyst Mike Scofield Systems Manager San Francisco, California Business Don McNeill Monterey Park, California 'Graduate Student Computer Programmer Spencerville, Maryland SPECTRUM is a journal established to encourage SPECTR UM is published quarterly by the Association of Seventh-day Adventist participation in the discussion of Adventist Forums. Direct editorial correspondence to contemporary issues from a Christian viewpoint, to look SPECTRUM, Box 431, College Place, WA 99324. In mat­ without prejudice at all sides of a subject, to evaluate the ters of style and documentation, SPECTRUM follows The merits of diverse views, and to foster Christian intellectual MLA Style Sheet (rev;, 1970). Manuscripts should be type­ and cultural growth. Although effort is made to ensure written, double spaced. Submit the original and two copies, accurate scholarship and discriminating judgment, the along with a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Due to limi­ statements of fact are the responsibility of contributors, and tations of space, responses from readers may be shortened the views individual authors express are not necessarily before publication. those of the editorial staff as a whole or as individuals. In order to receive SPECTRUM, send a membership fee The Association of Adventist Forums is a nonsubsidized, ($12 per year, except $14 in Canada and in other foreign nonprofit organization for which gifts are deductible in the countries) to Association of Adventist Forums, Box 4330, report ofincome for purposes of taxation . The publishing of Takoma Park, Maryland 20012. Single copies may be pur­ SPECTRUM depends on subscriptions, gifts from indi­ chased for $3.50. Send correspondence concerning address viduals and the voluntary efforts of the contributors and the changes to the same address, enclosing address labels. Pay staff. by check made out to the Association of Adventist Forums. © 1980. All rights reserved. Litho U.S.A. 29067 In This Issue EDITORIAL Volume Ten, Number Four, Published March 1980 A New Era Roy Branson 2 REPORTS Desmond Ford Raises the Sanctuary Question Walter Utt 3 GC Committee Studies Ellen White's Sources Douglas Hackleman 9 ARTICLES Sanctuary Debate: A Question of Method Raymond F. Cottrell 16 Shifting Views of Inspiration: Ellen White Studies Donald R. McAdams 27 in the 1970s SPECIAL SECTION: THE FIRST DECADE The Establishment of the Adventist Forum Richard C. Osborn 42 Dominant Themes in Adventist Theology Richard Rice 58 Tensions Between Religion and Science Molleurus Couperus 74 From Apologetics to History: Gary Land 89 The Professionalization of Adventist Historians About This Issue his expanded issue informed of the editors' future plans and will T celebrates the publi­ provide advice concerning possible authors, cation of ten full volumes of SPECTRUM improved promotion and financial planning. since it first appeared in the Winter of 1969. Each member has pledged to support The issue also commemorates the founding, SPECTRUM by contributing a minimum of in 1967, of the Association of Adventist $500 a year for three years. Dr. Ray Damazo, Forums, SPECTRUM's publisher. an Adventist dentist and businessman in A part from the article providing an ac­ Seattle, is the Council's chairman. count of the establishing of the Forum and The volunteer staff that edits SPEC­ SPECTRUM, the other essays in our special TRUM has received some welcome addi­ cluster review developments within the de­ tions. Carolyn Stevens, a Victorian scholar nomination during the last decade generally. who is associate professor of English at Walla The articles by Donald 'McAdams and by Walla College, has agreed to become assis­ Ray Cottrell are personal essays, in which tant editor. Roy Benton, who teaches math­ they candidly express their own informed ematics at Columbia Union College, has judgments. The two essays that begin the joined SPECTRUM's consulting editors. issue attempt to report accurately devel­ Edward Lugenbeal, an anthropologist and opments that have precipitated considerable for many years a member of the Geoscience discussion and even rumor. Research Institute, has also agreed to become The enlarged size of this issue has been a consulting editor. Dr. Lugenbeal's consid­ made possible by contributions from three erable editorial skills are already reflected in families that have been intimately involved in this issue. SPECTRUM and AAF. We think it appro­ Finally, we are pleased to acknowledge priate that we especially thank in this com­ that the English translation of articles from memmorative issue Betty and Bruce Bran­ the SovietJournal of Science and Religion pub­ son, Dos and Molleurus Couperus, and lished in SPECTRUM (Vol. 10, No.3) were Verla and Alvin K wiram. originally translated at the direction of Elder These individuals have been joined by Alf Lohne, vice president of the General others on an Advisory Council for SPEC­ Conference. TRUM. Members of the Council will be The Editors Editorial A New Era his year the Sev­ ist Church. Rather, the contributors to the T enth-day Adventist first ten volumes of SPECTRUM are Ad­ Church enters a new era and so does SPEC­ ventists who are so serious about their TRUM. As a new General Conference presi­ spiritual commitment that they felt com­ dent leads the church to undertake fresh chal­ pelled to grapple with what they considered lenges, SPECTRUM enters its second dec­ to be central issues. They believed that it was ade committed to both the pursuit of truth healthier to publicly debate crucial issues and the importance of Adventism. than to gnaw distractedly on trivia, or even SPECTRUM was begun with the assump­ worse, quietly and dispiritedly to drift away tion that Protestant Christianity particularly from the church. adheres to the priesthood of all believers­ During the past decade, most of SPEC­ the responsibility of each person to seek the TRUM's articles have discussed issues of truth -and that this belief implies a com­ particular interest to Adventists. The journal mitment to a democratic form of church. will continue to print diverse viewpoints re­ Furthermore, the journal has held that within garding issues of concern to those within the a community of free persons an independent denomination. But the journal's greatest task press is essential to maintain unity. Only if will be to encourage its most thoughtful and members can freely exchange ideas, propos­ articulate contributors to reflect on the als and interpretations can a church quickly unique mission ofthe Seventh-day Adventist benefit from new insights and valid sugges­ Church. In the years to come, SPECTRUM tions for innovation, while at the same time is dedicated to participating in nothing