Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park Common Name Version
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park Common Name Version A Photographic Guide Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches Notes: A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved. In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-': COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.). Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1 GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH (Equisetum POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern laevigatum) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or - - Moist, sandy or gravelly areas - Stems 1 kind cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, only, 12-71" tall, unbranched. Sheath w/dark volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. undersides either granular green or powdery band only at the top. often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2 NARROW-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) angustifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - (May–Aug) - Nutrient-rich freshwater to brackish Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets marshes, wet disturbed places - Plant 4.9-9.8' marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip tall. Leaves gen < 0.4" wide. Flower cluster gap > 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or 0.4". between flower types. extended awns. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (Briza minor) CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. RESCUE GRASS (Bromus catharticus var. Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - catharticus) Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Grass Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn Shaded or moist, open sites - Stem 3-20” tall. (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, disturbed places - 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. Spikelets 0.1-0.2” long, resemble tiny rattlesnake chaparral, plains, open oak and pine woodland Plant 8-48” tall. Flower cluster 3-12” long, ~ open. Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. rattles. -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. Spikelet flattened, 0.6-1.2” long. Lemma 0.4-0.7” INVASIVE weed. Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, long, awn < 0.2” long. hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3 RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed. BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) HAIRY FESCUE (Festuca microstachys) Native echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed, (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage open, gen sandy soils - Stem 6-29". Spikelet 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower tall, from rhizomes. Flower cluster 2-8” long. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, 0.2-0.4" long, awn 0.1-0.5" long. Glumes & cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" lemma smooth or hairy. spikelets. INVASIVE weed. long, awn to 0.12” long. long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4 RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", INVASIVE weed. 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. weed. short-hairy lemmas. HARDING GRASS (Phalaris aquatica) ANNUAL BLUE GRASS (Poa annua) Naturalized BULBOUS BLUE GRASS (Poa bulbosa subsp. FOOTHILL NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa lepida) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–Sep) - Abundant. vivipara) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 16-79" tall, Disturbed moist ground - Plant 1-8” tall. Leaf (Mar–Jul) - Disturbed places - Plant 6-24” tall, slopes, chaparral, grassland, savanna, coastal tufted. Flower cluster 0.6-6" long, unbranched. blade 0.04-0.12” wide, soft. Flower cluster 0.4-4” densely tufted. Leaf blades 0.04-0.08” wide. scrub - Stem 14-39" tall. Leaf blade 4.7-9.1" long, Lower florets 1 or or unequal. Glume wing long, triangular. Lemmas 0.1-0.16” long. Flower cluster 1-4” long. Spikelets replaced wtih narrow. Glumes 0.2-0.6" long. Awn 0.8-2" long. untoothed. INVASIVE weed. leafy bulblets. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Crockett Hills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5 PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native TOAD RUSH (Juncus bufonius var.