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Hastings Bridge Project, Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota

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PHASE I AND II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE TRUNK HIGHWAY 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE PROJECT, DAKOTA AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES, MINNESOTA Mn/DOT Contract No. 92866, 92867 State Project No. 1913-64 Two Pines Resource Group No. 08-04, 08-05 SHPO No. 2008-2228 OSA License No. 08-034 Authorized and Sponsored by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration Prepared by: Michelle M. Terrell, Ph.D. Principal Investigator and Author Two Pines Resource Group, LLC 17711 260th Street Shafer, MN 55074 FINAL December 2008 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page i MANAGEMENT SUMMARY From July to October of 2008, Two Pines Resource Group, LLC (Two Pines) completed a literature search and Phase I and II archaeological investigations for the Trunk Highway (TH) 61 Hastings Bridge Project in Washington and Dakota Counties, Minnesota. This work was performed under contract with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) for the Cultural Resource Unit of the department. The proposed project includes the replacement and/or rehabilitation of the TH 61 Bridge over the Mississippi River at Hastings. Separate reports were prepared for the geomorphological (Kolb 2008) and architectural history (Stark et al. 2008) studies performed for this project. The purpose of the Phase I and II archaeological investigations was to determine if the project’s area of potential effects (APE) contains any intact archaeological resources that may be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The APE was selected by Mn/DOT to encompass direct impacts from the construction of any of the bridge alternatives, as well as ancillary impacts including pond locations and areas of construction staging. The APE includes contiguous portions of the W ½ of the SE ¼, and the E ½ of the SW ¼ of Section 7 of Township 26 N, Range 20 W, and the NW ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 27, and the NE ¼ of the NE ¼ of Section 28 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W, as well as a separate staging area in the NE ¼ of the SE ¼, and the SE ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 21 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W. The project area is located within the Southeast Riverine West and Central Lakes Deciduous East archaeological sub-regions. Dr. Michelle Terrell served as the Principal Investigator. During the archaeological investigations for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge, three archaeological resources were identified. Of these sites, site 21DK0081, is recommended as eligible for listing in the NHRP. This site consists of foundations and stratified deposits from the third quarter of the nineteenth century associated with the former St. John Hotel and Saloon, as well as a distinct horizon associated with the Christmas Day fire of 1899. This site is recommended as eligible under Criterion A for its association with the early development of the City of Hastings, and under Criterion D for its information potential. If site 21DK0081 will be impacted by the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, Two Pines recommends the development of an appropriate treatment plan. SITES RECOMMENDED AS ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING ON THE NRHP Site No. Site Name Description Time Period Recommendation Artifact scatter 21DK0081 St. John’s Hotel and Saloon c.1870-1899 Eligible and foundations The remaining two archaeological resources that were identified during the Phase I and II investigations are recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. Site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) is a late nineteenth century domestic artifact scatter and associated landing on the north side of the Mississippi River. These deposits are recommended as potentially eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion D for their information potential, but as testing was limited to backhoe trenches and bucket auger tests, further evaluation is required to better characterize the site. The second resource is TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page ii a scatter of mussel shell and charcoal encountered at a depth of 170-220 cmbs within a 25-x-35-m area. A sample of the charcoal returned a radiocarbon date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP). During the current investigations, no artifacts were recovered in direct association with these deposits, but due to the potential for the mussel and charcoal scatter to be associated with a precontact period Native American occupation, further evaluation of this scatter is recommended to determine its origin. Due to landowner concerns, additional testing of both of these resources has been postponed by Mn/DOT until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts to the site locations. SITES RECOMMENDED AS POTENTIALLY ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING ON THE NRHP Site No. Site Name Description Time Period Recommendation Potentially eligible/ 21WA0107 Mitchell Site Artifact scatter c. 1886- c.1910 Additional Work Mussel shell and 1118-1255 AD Potentially eligible/ Not assigned None given charcoal scatter (832-695 BP) Additional Work Based on the results of the literature search and soil borings conducted for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, four lots were identified as having moderate to high archaeological potential. Each of these lots has the potential to contain historical-period resources, but undeveloped portions of Block 6 of the original plat of Hastings also have moderate potential to contain intact precontact archaeological resources due to the proximity to the Mississippi River, and the presence of 10-30 cm of an apparently intact soil horizon over bedrock as documented in soil borings. Due to the extent of disturbance to the existing bituminous surfaces that this testing would require, Mn/DOT requested that archaeological investigations of these lots be postponed until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts in this area. Therefore, a Phase I/II archaeological investigation of these lots is recommended pending finalization of the project’s construction limits. LOTS RECOMMENDED FOR PHASE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Block Lot (s) Ownership, Current Use Potential Resources Time Period Xcel Energy, driveway and open Bailly trading post 4 2, 3 and 4 1850-1888 space Pre-1884 Structures Precontact Deposits 6 6, 7, and 8 Hudson Manufacturing, parking pre-1867-1962 Residences 12 3 and 4 First National Bank, parking Residences 1854-1962 12 5 Haley Fireplace Store, parking Bell Brothers Mill 1875-c.1902 In addition to these resources, three historical-period artifact scatters were identified within the project area. Two of these scatters were located to the north of the Mississippi River, and one to the south of the river. Due to the sparse nature of these scatters and the lack of associated diagnostic materials or features, the research potential of these materials is limited. A site number was not assigned to these scatters and no further archaeological work is recommended at these locations. TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS (APE)......................................................................................................... 1 RESEARCH DESIGN.................................................................................................................................. 4 OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................................ 4 METHODS ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Search .................................................................................................................................. 4 Landowner Permission ......................................................................................................................... 5 Archaeological Fieldwork..................................................................................................................... 5 Testing for Deeply Buried Sites ............................................................................................................ 6 Geographic Information System Data .................................................................................................. 7 Laboratory Analysis and Curation ....................................................................................................... 7 Radiocarbon Dating.............................................................................................................................. 7 LITERATURE SEARCH...........................................................................................................................
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