Hastings Bridge Project, Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota

Home , Caleb Truax, Hastings City Hall, Minnesota Territory, Phase (archaeology)

PHASE I AND II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE TRUNK HIGHWAY 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE PROJECT, DAKOTA AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES, MINNESOTA

Mn/DOT Contract No. 92866, 92867 State Project No. 1913-64 Two Pines Resource Group No. 08-04, 08-05 SHPO No. 2008-2228 OSA License No. 08-034

Authorized and Sponsored by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration

Prepared by: Michelle M. Terrell, Ph.D. Principal Investigator and Author Two Pines Resource Group, LLC 17711 260th Street Shafer, MN 55074

FINAL December 2008 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page i

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

From July to October of 2008, Two Pines Resource Group, LLC (Two Pines) completed a literature search and Phase I and II archaeological investigations for the Trunk Highway (TH) 61 Hastings Bridge Project in Washington and Dakota Counties, Minnesota. This work was performed under contract with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) for the Cultural Resource Unit of the department. The proposed project includes the replacement and/or rehabilitation of the TH 61 Bridge over the Mississippi River at Hastings. Separate reports were prepared for the geomorphological (Kolb 2008) and architectural history (Stark et al. 2008) studies performed for this project.

The purpose of the Phase I and II archaeological investigations was to determine if the project’s area of potential effects (APE) contains any intact archaeological resources that may be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The APE was selected by Mn/DOT to encompass direct impacts from the construction of any of the bridge alternatives, as well as ancillary impacts including pond locations and areas of construction staging. The APE includes contiguous portions of the W ½ of the SE ¼, and the E ½ of the SW ¼ of Section 7 of Township 26 N, Range 20 W, and the NW ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 27, and the NE ¼ of the NE ¼ of Section 28 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W, as well as a separate staging area in the NE ¼ of the SE ¼, and the SE ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 21 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W. The project area is located within the Southeast Riverine West and Central Lakes Deciduous East archaeological sub-regions. Dr. Michelle Terrell served as the Principal Investigator.

During the archaeological investigations for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge, three archaeological resources were identified. Of these sites, site 21DK0081, is recommended as eligible for listing in the NHRP. This site consists of foundations and stratified deposits from the third quarter of the nineteenth century associated with the former St. John Hotel and Saloon, as well as a distinct horizon associated with the Christmas Day fire of 1899. This site is recommended as eligible under Criterion A for its association with the early development of the City of Hastings, and under Criterion D for its information potential. If site 21DK0081 will be impacted by the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, Two Pines recommends the development of an appropriate treatment plan.

SITES RECOMMENDED AS ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING ON THE NRHP Site No. Site Name Description Time Period Recommendation Artifact scatter 21DK0081 St. John’s Hotel and Saloon c.1870-1899 Eligible and foundations

The remaining two archaeological resources that were identified during the Phase I and II investigations are recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. Site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) is a late nineteenth century domestic artifact scatter and associated landing on the north side of the Mississippi River. These deposits are recommended as potentially eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion D for their information potential, but as testing was limited to backhoe trenches and bucket auger tests, further evaluation is required to better characterize the site. The second resource is TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page ii

a scatter of mussel shell and charcoal encountered at a depth of 170-220 cmbs within a 25-x-35-m area. A sample of the charcoal returned a radiocarbon date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP). During the current investigations, no artifacts were recovered in direct association with these deposits, but due to the potential for the mussel and charcoal scatter to be associated with a precontact period Native American occupation, further evaluation of this scatter is recommended to determine its origin. Due to landowner concerns, additional testing of both of these resources has been postponed by Mn/DOT until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts to the site locations.

SITES RECOMMENDED AS POTENTIALLY ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING ON THE NRHP Site No. Site Name Description Time Period Recommendation Potentially eligible/ 21WA0107 Mitchell Site Artifact scatter c. 1886- c.1910 Additional Work Mussel shell and 1118-1255 AD Potentially eligible/ Not assigned None given charcoal scatter (832-695 BP) Additional Work

Based on the results of the literature search and soil borings conducted for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, four lots were identified as having moderate to high archaeological potential. Each of these lots has the potential to contain historical-period resources, but undeveloped portions of Block 6 of the original plat of Hastings also have moderate potential to contain intact precontact archaeological resources due to the proximity to the Mississippi River, and the presence of 10-30 cm of an apparently intact soil horizon over bedrock as documented in soil borings. Due to the extent of disturbance to the existing bituminous surfaces that this testing would require, Mn/DOT requested that archaeological investigations of these lots be postponed until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts in this area. Therefore, a Phase I/II archaeological investigation of these lots is recommended pending finalization of the project’s construction limits.

LOTS RECOMMENDED FOR PHASE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Block Lot (s) Ownership, Current Use Potential Resources Time Period Xcel Energy, driveway and open Bailly trading post 4 2, 3 and 4 1850-1888 space Pre-1884 Structures Precontact Deposits 6 6, 7, and 8 Hudson Manufacturing, parking pre-1867-1962 Residences 12 3 and 4 First National Bank, parking Residences 1854-1962 12 5 Haley Fireplace Store, parking Bell Brothers Mill 1875-c.1902

In addition to these resources, three historical-period artifact scatters were identified within the project area. Two of these scatters were located to the north of the Mississippi River, and one to the south of the river. Due to the sparse nature of these scatters and the lack of associated diagnostic materials or features, the research potential of these materials is limited. A site number was not assigned to these scatters and no further archaeological work is recommended at these locations.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY...... i LIST OF FIGURES...... vi LIST OF TABLES...... vii INTRODUCTION...... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS (APE)...... 1 RESEARCH DESIGN...... 4 OBJECTIVES...... 4 METHODS ...... 4 Literature Search ...... 4 Landowner Permission ...... 5 Archaeological Fieldwork...... 5 Testing for Deeply Buried Sites ...... 6 Geographic Information System Data ...... 7 Laboratory Analysis and Curation ...... 7 Radiocarbon Dating...... 7 LITERATURE SEARCH...... 8 RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND PREVIOUS CULTURAL SURVEYS...... 8 ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY ...... 9 Southeast Riverine West...... 9 Central Lakes Deciduous East...... 10 PRECONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ...... 10 HISTORICAL PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL...... 11 APE to the North of the Mississippi River ...... 11 Jean Joseph Rolette Trading Post...... 11 Ferry Landing and Associated Structures...... 13 Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road ...... 16 Spiral Bridge...... 17 Railroad-Related Resources...... 17 APE to the South of the Mississippi River...... 18 Oliver’s Grove ...... 20 Joseph R. Brown Trading Post...... 20 Henry Bailly Trading Post / “The Buckhorn”...... 21 Block 4, Lots 2-4 (Xcel Energy), Vermillion Street, and Levee ...... 23 Block 5, Lot 1 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Loading Dock) ...... 26 Block 5, Lots 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing East Parking Lot)...... 29 Block 6, Lots 6, 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing West Parking Lot)...... 32 Block 12, Lots 3 and 4...... 35 Block 12, Lot 5 (120/122 West 3rd Street) ...... 38 Block 21, Lot 2 (107 West 3rd Street) ...... 41 Mississippi River Channel ...... 42 RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS...... 43 WORK SUMMARY ...... 43 APE to the North of the Mississippi River ...... 43 APE to the South of the Mississippi River...... 43 APE TO THE NORTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ...... 43 Survey Area A ...... 43

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Phase I Archaeological Survey ...... 44 Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites...... 44 Identified Resources and Recommendations ...... 47 Survey Area B ...... 48 Phase I Archaeological Survey ...... 48 Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites...... 49 Identified Resources and Recommendations ...... 49 Survey Area C ...... 51 Phase I Archaeological Survey ...... 51 Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites...... 52 Bucket-Auger Tests ...... 52 Identified Resources and Recommendations ...... 53 Survey Area D...... 55 Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites...... 55 Results and Recommendations...... 55 APE TO THE SOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ...... 56 Soil Borings...... 56 Block 5, Lot 1 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Loading Dock)...... 58 Phase I Archaeological Survey ...... 58 Synthesis...... 62 Results and Recommendations...... 62 Block 5, Lots 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing- East Lot) ...... 63 Staging Area ...... 63 MUSSEL SHELL AND CHARCOAL SCATTER...... 65 INTRODUCTION...... 65 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS...... 65 Trench C-13 ...... 65 Bucket-Auger Tests ...... 67 RADIOCARBON DATES...... 67 CULTURAL CONTEXTS...... 70 Woodland Tradition (3,000 B.P. – EuroAmerican Contact)...... 70 Mississippian Tradition/Plains Village (c. 1,000 B.P. – EuroAmerican Contact)...... 71 RECOMMENDATION ...... 71 21WA0107: MITCHELL SITE...... 72 INTRODUCTION...... 72 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS...... 72 Trench C-10 ...... 72 Trench C-11 ...... 72 Trench C-17 ...... 73 Trench C-18 ...... 73 Trench C-19 ...... 73 Bucket-Auger Tests ...... 73 RIVER LANDING ...... 75 ARTIFACT ANALYSIS...... 75 Architectural ...... 77 Activities...... 77 Food Preparation/Consumption ...... 77 Faunal Remains ...... 77 Personal...... 77 DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH...... 78 SYNTHESIS ...... 80 RECOMMENDATION ...... 81 21DK0081: ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND SALOON...... 82 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page v

INTRODUCTION...... 82 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS...... 82 FOUNDATIONS ...... 86 ARTIFACT ANALYSIS...... 86 Southeast Artifact Concentration...... 86 General Sheet Refuse (1899 Ground Surface) ...... 88 Glass ...... 88 Architectural ...... 89 Ceramics ...... 89 Faunal Remains ...... 89 Personal Items ...... 89 General Sheet Refuse (Pre-1899)...... 89 Glass ...... 89 Architectural ...... 89 Ceramics ...... 90 Faunal Remains ...... 90 Personal Items ...... 90 Southwest 1899 Fire Debris and Trash Dump (Feature 2)...... 90 Stratum Materials ...... 90 General Feature 2 Artifacts ...... 91 SYNTHESIS ...... 92 RECOMMENDATION ...... 93 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 94 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 94 LIMESTONE BLOCKS FROM THE HASTINGS SPIRAL BRIDGE...... 96 REFERENCES CITED...... 98 APPENDIX A: MINNESOTA ANNUAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY LICENSE APPENDIX B: RADIOCARBON DATING REPORT APPENDIX C: ARTIFACT CATALOG FOR SITE 21WA0081 APPENDIX D: ARTIFACT CATALOG FOR SITE 21DK0107

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. PROJECT LOCATION AND RESULTS...... 3 FIGURE 2. POTENTIAL RESOURCES – NORTH APE...... 12 FIGURE 3. HASTINGS FERRY LANDING ON THE NORTH BANK OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, 1875 (VIEW TO NORTHWEST)...... 14 FIGURE 4. DETAIL OF VIEW OF THE SPIRAL BRIDGE WITH THE FORMER FERRY LANDING (ARROW) AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (CIRCLED) VISIBLE ON THE NORTH BANK OF THE RIVER 14 FIGURE 5. FERRY LANDING LOCATION (CIRCLED) DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TH 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE, 1949 (VIEW TO SOUTH)...... 15 FIGURE 6. FERRY LANDING LOCATION (CIRCLED) AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE TH 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE, 1951 (VIEW TO NORTHEAST)...... 15 FIGURE 7. HASTINGS AND ST. PAUL WAGON ROAD (ORANGE LINE), EXISTING TH 61 ALIGNMENT (PURPLE LINE), AND APPROXIMATE DEPOT LOCATION (CIRCLED), 1895...... 16 FIGURE 8. HASTINGS AND ST. PAUL WAGON ROAD SEGMENT, VIEW TO NORTHWEST...... 17 FIGURE 9. LIMESTONE SUPPORTS OF SPIRAL BRIDGE PIERS, C. 1895, VIEW TO NORTH...... 18 FIGURE 10. SOUTH APE OUTLINED ON RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS ...... 19 FIGURE 11. STUDY AREAS – SOUTH APE...... 22 FIGURE 12. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE PIERS WITHIN VERMILLION STREET ALIGNMENT (ST. JOHN’S HOTEL IN BACKGROUND), VIEW TO WEST ...... 23 FIGURE 13. 1951 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE LEVEE WITH PROJECT AREA OUTLINED, VIEW TO SOUTHEAST ...... 24 FIGURE 14. PORTION OF APE ON LEVEE AND WITHIN BLOCK 4 OUTLINED ON RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST ...... 25 FIGURE 15. THE PROJECT APE OUTLINED ON THE 1910 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH ...... 26 FIGURE 16. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 OUTLINED ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST...... 27 FIGURE 17. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 WITH OUTLINES OF GRAIN ELEVATOR AND OFFICE: PRE-1891 (BLUE WITH SHADING), PRE-1910 (GREEN), AND IN 1924 (ORANGE DASH) SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH...... 28 FIGURE 18. BUILDINGS ON THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF LOT 8 OF BLOCK 5 (CIRCLED) ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST ...... 30 FIGURE 19. DETAIL OF 1884 SANBORN MAP WITH THE EXCAVATION AREA WITHIN BLOCKS 7 AND 8 OUTLINED...... 31 FIGURE 20. DETAIL OF 1904 SANBORN MAP WITH THE EXCAVATION AREA WITHIN BLOCKS 7 AND 8 OUTLINED...... 32 FIGURE 21. BUILDINGS ON LOTS 6 AND 7 OF BLOCK 6 ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST ...... 34 FIGURE 22. LOTS 6, 7, AND 8 OF BLOCK 6, DETAIL OF 1884 SANBORN MAP...... 34 FIGURE 23. STRUCTURES ON LOT 6 OF BLOCK 6, 1949, VIEW TO NORTHEAST ...... 35 FIGURE 24. STRUCTURES ON LOTS 3 AND 4 OF BLOCK 12 CIRCLED ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST ...... 36 FIGURE 25. SOUTHERN PORTION OF LOTS 3 AND 4 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1884 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH...... 37 FIGURE 26. LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1884 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH ...... 39 FIGURE 27. LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1904 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH ...... 40 FIGURE 28. DUPLEX ON LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 (CIRCLED) WITH OUTHOUSE IN REAR (SMALL CIRCLE), VIEW TO NORTHWEST ...... 40

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FIGURE 29. LOT 2 (EAST 38 FT.) OF LOT 21 WITH OUTLINES OF THE PRE-1899 (BLUE AND SHADED) AND POST-1899 (ORANGE DASH) DWELLING AND BARN SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH ...... 42 FIGURE 30. SURVEY AREAS – NORTH APE ...... 45 FIGURE 31. SURVEY AREAS A AND B - RESULTS ...... 46 FIGURE 32. LIMESTONE BLOCK FROM SPIRAL BRIDGE WITHIN TEST AREA B...... 50 FIGURE 33. LIMESTONE SUPPORTS OF SPIRAL BRIDGE PIERS, C. 1895, VIEW TO NORTH...... 50 FIGURE 34. SURVEY AREAS C AND D - RESULTS ...... 52 FIGURE 35. SOUTH APE – SOIL BORINGS ...... 57 FIGURE 36. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 AFTER ASPHALT STRIPPING, VIEW TO NORTH ...... 59 FIGURE 37. CONCRETE SLAB OF THE GRAIN ELEVATOR’S FORMER OFFICE BUILDING (1891-C. 1910), VIEW TO NORTH ...... 59 FIGURE 38. BLOCK 5, LOT 1 – SKETCH MAP...... 60 FIGURE 39. PIT WITHIN LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 (SCALE IS 20 CM) ...... 62 FIGURE 40. POCKET OF MUSSEL SHELL AND ASSOCIATED CHARCOAL STAIN (FEATURE 1) IN WEST WALL OF TRENCH C-13 (SCALE IS 20 CM)...... 65 FIGURE 41. POCKET OF MUSSEL SHELL IN TRENCH C-13, PLAN VIEW AT 170 CMBS (SCALE IS 20 CM) ...... 66 FIGURE 42. DETAIL OF VICINITY OF TRENCH C-13...... 69 FIGURE 43. SITE 21WA0107 ...... 74 FIGURE 44. FAN-SHAPED RIVER LANDING AT 21WA0107 (MITCHELL SITE), VIEW TO THE EAST/SOUTHEAST ...... 76 FIGURE 45. SCATTER OF TIE RODS AND SPIKES ON STHE SURFACE OF THE RIVER LANDING AT 21WA0107 (MITCHELL SITE)...... 76 FIGURE 46. STRUCTURE (CIRCLED) AT 21WA0107 IN THE BACKGROUND OF A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE STEAMBOAT DUBUQUE AT HASTINGS, VIEW TO NORTHEAST...... 78 FIGURE 47. MITCHELL PARCEL LOCATION ...... 79 FIGURE 48. FOUNDATIONS OF THE ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND EARLIER SALOON, VIEW TO WEST...... 83 FIGURE 49. 1899 GROUND SURFACE AND SHOVEL TEST LOCATIONS (FLAGS), HUDSON MANUFACTURING - EAST LOT, VIEW TO NORTHWEST ...... 83 FIGURE 50. 21DK0081 – SITE MAP ...... 84 FIGURE 51. 21DK0081 – WEST WALL PROFILE ...... 87 FIGURE 52. 1891 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP OF THE ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND SALOON (OUTBUILDINGS CIRCLED) ...... 88 FIGURE 53. RUINS OF THE CHRISTMAS DAY FIRE OF 1899, VIEW TO NORTH...... 93

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN THE APE ...... 8 TABLE 2. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN ONE-MILE OF THE APE...... 8 TABLE 3. SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR RADIOCARBON SAMPLES FROM TRENCH C-10...... 55 TABLE 4. RADIOCARBON DATES FROM TRENCH C-10*...... 55 TABLE 5. PARCELS RECOMMENDED FOR PHASE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ...... 56 TABLE 6. SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR RADIOCARBON SAMPLES FROM TRENCH C-13...... 68 TABLE 7. RADIOCARBON DATES FROM TRENCH C-13*...... 68

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INTRODUCTION

From July to October of 2008, Two Pines Resource Group, LLC completed Phase I and II archaeological investigations for the Trunk Highway (TH) 61 Hastings Bridge Project in Washington and Dakota Counties, Minnesota. This work was performed under contract with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) for the Cultural Resource Unit of the department.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project includes the replacement and/or rehabilitation of the TH 61 Bridge over the Mississippi River at Hastings. Four bridge alternatives are being considered:

Box Girder Bridges (Twins). This alternative entails the construction of two box girder bridges – one to the west of the existing bridge and one to replace the existing bridge, which would be removed.

Arch Bridge (Single). In this alternative, a single arch bridge will be constructed to the west of the existing bridge, which would be removed.

Rehabilitation of Existing Bridge Next to New Arch Bridge. This alternative would result in the creation of a twin bridge through the retention and rehabilitation of the existing bridge and the construction of a new single arch bridge to the west of the existing bridge.

Cable Bridge (Single). In this alternative, a new cable bridge with a center tower would be constructed to the west of the existing bridge, which would be removed.

Each of these alternatives will connect with existing TH 61 to the north of the Mississippi River in the vicinity of the existing bridge connection. Bridge touchdown to the south of the Mississippi River and connections to the Hastings street grid will occur no further south than the intersection of Vermillion and 3rd Streets.

A pedestrian/bicycle trail connection between the bridge and Levee Veterans Memorial Park is being considered. The proposed structure would be a spiral/helix ramp located to either the east or west of the bridge depending on the selected bridge alternative.

AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS (APE) The Area of Potential Effects (APE) was selected by Mn/DOT to encompass direct impacts from the construction of any of the bridge alternatives, as well as ancillary impacts including pond locations and areas of construction staging (Figure 1). The APE includes contiguous portions of the W ½ of the SE ¼ and the E ½ of the SW ¼ of Section 7 of Township 26 N, Range 20 W, and the NW ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 27 and the NE ¼ of the NE ¼ of Section 28 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W, as well as a separate

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staging area in the NE ¼ of the SE ¼ and the SE ¼ of the NW ¼ of Section 21 of Township 115 N, Range 17 W. Within this APE, areas of moderate to high potential for archaeological resources were identified by the Mn/DOT CRU Project Manager and the Principal Investigator.

The UTM (NAD 83, Zone 15) coordinates of the main project area are as follows: the northwest corner along the Mississippi River – 511422E 495559N; northernmost point along TH 61 – 511645E 4955620N; easternmost point along the north side of the Mississippi River – 512034E 4954908N; westernmost point along the south side of the Mississippi River – 511462E 4954698N; southernmost point along TH 61 – 511672E 4954337N. The UTM coordinates for the separate staging location are: northwest point – 510647E 4955555N; northeast corner – 510668E 4955406N; southeast corner – 510844E 4955515N; southwest corner – 510668E 4955406N.

This report presents the objectives, methods, environmental history, historical contexts, fieldwork results, and summary and recommendations for the archaeological investigations.

Staging Area Project APE

Mussel Shell and Charcoal Scatter Phase II Evaluation Recommended

21WA0107 - Mitchell Site Phase II Evaluation Recommended

Lots with Archaeological Potential Phase I/II Survey Recommended Lot with Archaeological Potential Phase I/II Survey Recommended

21DK0081 - St. John's Hotel and Saloon Site NRHP Eligilble - Mitigation Recommended KEY

Project APE

Identified Archaeological Resources

Lots with Archaeological Potential - Phase I/II Recommended Pending Finalization of Project Plans

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Project Location Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations and Results N Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota Figure 1

0 miles 1

Hastings (1993), Prescott (1993), St. Paul Park (1993), and Vermillion (1993) Quadrangles, USGS 7.5 Minute Series TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 4

RESEARCH DESIGN

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the Phase I and II archaeological investigations was to determine whether the project area contains any intact archaeological resources that may be potentially eligible for listing on the NRHP. The NRHP criteria, summarized below, were used to assess the significance of any documented archaeological sites. While all four criteria are considered, archaeological sites are typically eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A or D.

y Criterion A – association with events that have made a significant contribution in our past; y Criterion B – association with the lives of persons significant in our past; y Criterion C – embodiment of the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or artistic values; or representation of the work of a master; possession of high artistic values; or representation of a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or y Criterion D – potential to yield information important to prehistory or history (National Park Service 2002).

METHODS All work was conducted in accordance with Mn/DOT's Cultural Resources Unit Project Requirements (Mn/DOT 2004), Minnesota Deep Test Protocol (Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group 2006:12-12), SHPO Manual for Archaeological Projects in Minnesota (Anfinson 2005), and The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (National Park Service 1983).

Literature Search Prior to fieldwork, staff from Two Pines conducted background research at the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) on July 18, 2008 on previously identified archaeological sites and surveys within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of the project area. Additional research to identify and evaluate historical period archaeological sites was conducted in the holdings of the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS), the Pioneer Room in the Hastings City Hall, the Washington County Courthouse, and the Dakota County Courthouse. This research included an examination of historical maps and atlases, photographs and images, General Land Office records, census documents, tax assessment records, local histories, city directories, and other primary documents. Additional research was conducted subsequent to the fieldwork in order to gather supplementary historical information on households that were associated with identified archaeological features. Historical aerial photographs of the study area were examined online on the Dakota County Interactive GIS Map website (http://gis.co.dakota.mn.us/website/ dakotanetgis/).

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Landowner Permission Landowner permission for work on private land was obtained prior to fieldwork. A letter explaining the purpose and methods of the archaeological survey was sent from Mn/DOT to the landowners in the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project area. Landowners were then contacted by phone or in person by Mn/DOT staff in order to obtain permission to conduct archaeological and geomorphological testing on the property. Staff from Two Pines and Strata Morph Geoexploration, Inc. (Strata Morph) contacted landowners prior to commencing testing and kept landowners informed of the progress of the fieldwork on their properties. Restoration of impacted bituminous parking lots was arranged by Mn/DOT.

Archaeological Fieldwork Archaeological fieldwork commenced with a visual inspection of the entire project area. The purpose of this inspection was to identify any surface features, such as earthworks or extant foundations, as well as to assess those portions of the project area that have a moderate to high potential for containing intact archaeological resources. Areas considered to have moderate to high archaeological potential include any undisturbed portions of the project area that are:

• within 500 feet (ft.) (150 meters [m]) of an existing or former body of water of 40 acres (19 hectares) or greater in size; • within 500 ft. (150 m) of an existing or former perennial stream; • located on a topographically prominent landscape feature; or • located within 300 ft. (100 m) of a previously reported site or a former or existing historic structure or feature.

Portions of the project area that are considered to have low archaeological potential include soils that are inundated, slopes of greater than 20 degrees, previously disturbed areas, and areas where the naturally occurring post-glacial soils and sediments have been removed (Anfinson 2005:29).

To the north of the Mississippi River, archaeological survey work commenced with systematic shovel testing. One hundred and twenty-eight shovel tests were excavated within portions of the project area. Shovel tests are hand-excavated test holes that are 30 to 40 centimeters (cm) (12 to 15 inches [in.]) in diameter. A 15-m (49-ft.) shovel-testing interval was used within the project area. All soils removed from excavated shovel tests were screened through a ¼-in. mesh. Shovel tests were excavated through all post-glacial soils and sediments to culturally sterile subsoil or to a depth of 100 cm below the surface (cmbs), whichever came first.

To the south of the river, areas with archaeological potential were covered with asphalt and gravel surfaces that prohibited shovel testing. Soil borings conducted by Strata Morph were used in these areas to determine if undisturbed strata were present beneath these surfaces. Tested lots were stripped of their surface materials and any intermediate fill materials. Backhoe stripping was conducted using a smooth bucket and an TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 6

archaeologist was on hand to monitor all excavation work and to guide the backhoe operator. All stains, features, and artifact concentrations observed during stripping were explored by the archaeologist using a trowel or by shovel skimming. During backhoe stripping, artifacts were only removed from known proveniences, all collected artifacts were placed in bags, and their location and context recorded. Due to the large volume of material removed during excavation with a backhoe, screening was not employed. If concentrations of artifacts were encountered, the fill containing the artifacts was segregated and examined by hand. If small, well-defined features were encountered within trench excavations, the fill from these features was screened through ¼–inch hardware mesh at the Principal Investigator’s discretion. Standard Phase I archaeological survey techniques including systematic pedestrian survey and shovel testing were also used to sample intact strata. Techniques employed were sufficient to characterize any identified sites and evaluate their integrity and significance in keeping with Phase II archaeological investigations.

Data gathered during shovel testing was recorded on forms and in the field notebook of the Principal Investigator. Items noted included: the location of survey areas; the location of individual shovel tests; the depth of each shovel test and its associated soil profile; the presence or absence of cultural materials within each test; and the excavated soil texture, inclusions, and Munsell color. Upon completion of backhoe testing, a plan view map was drawn and overview photographs were taken. Site stratigraphy was documented through a profile drawing that included information on soil textures, inclusions, and soil color.

Testing for Deeply Buried Sites A separate geomorphological survey of the project area was conducted by Strata Morph, and this fieldwork was monitored for cultural deposits by the archaeological Principal Investigator. This survey was carried out in accordance with the Minnesota Deep Test Protocol as permitted by the water table and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) trench safety guidelines (Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group 2006:12-12).

All trenches were initially excavated to the maximum OSHA-safe entry depth and the trench walls subsequently inspected by the archaeological Principal Investigator for cultural material or features indicative of human occupation. This process included the visual inspection of the trench walls, trowel scraping of trench walls, and screening through ¼-inch mesh of a sample of each sediment that appeared to have archaeological potential as assessed by the archaeological and geomorphological Principal Investigators. Each screened sample consisted of four sub-samples of 5 liters or more collected from four separate locations along the trench walls for a minimum total sample of 20 liters from each sampled stratum.

If trench depth, or the water table, prevented entrance into the trench, a segment of each stratum with archaeological potential was brought to the surface by the backhoe bucket, a TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 7

20 L sample was screened, and the remainder of the stratum troweled through on the surface.

If archaeological deposits were encountered within a deeply buried stratum, the horizontal extent of the deposits was defined through hand-excavated bucket augers bracketing the positive trench at 5-m intervals in each cardinal direction. Forty-three auger tests were excavated within portions of the project area. This survey method commenced with the excavation of a standard shovel test to a depth of 100 cmbs. As the upper 100 cmbs often consisted of modern alluvium, these deposits were not screened unless cultural material was observed. A bucket auger having a 10-cm diameter bit was then used to retrieve soil samples in 20 cm lifts to a maximum depth of 300 cmbs (9.8 ft.). All removed soils were screened through ¼-inch mesh and the sediments and soils encountered were recorded on a standard form.

Geographic Information System Data A geographic information system (GIS) data layer was created during the course of the archaeological investigations. The location of individual shovel tests, backhoe trenches, and bucket augers, and features were recorded in the field using a Trimble GeoXT GPS Unit. All the data was differentially corrected using a National Geodetic Survey (NGS) continuously operating reference station (CORS) data. Trimble Pathfinder Office 3.10 was used to correct the data and export it as ESRI shapefiles. ESRI ArcGIS 3.2 was used to analyze and map the data.

Laboratory Analysis and Curation All artifacts recovered during the archaeological investigations were returned to the Two Pines laboratory for cleaning, processing, and cataloging. Artifacts were processed in accordance with the standards and guidelines of the MHS Collections Department.

All artifacts were cleaned and then sorted into categories used in standard professional practice, first by general material type, then by function and other attributes. Materials were cataloged using Microsoft Excel 2002®. Each artifact from a particular provenience received a distinctive artifact number, beginning with the number “1.” The bag numbers from the field and the artifact numbers from the laboratory were then combined to create the cataloging numbers contained in the artifact inventories included with this report.

Artifacts will be curated at the Minnesota Historical Society pending landowner permission.

Radiocarbon Dating Suitable materials for radiocarbon sampling were recovered during the geomorphological testing. Samples were submitted to Beta Analytic, Inc. of Miami, Florida for analysis. The results of this testing are described in the text and Beta Analytic’s report is included in Appendix B.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 8

LITERATURE SEARCH

In July of 2008, staff from Two Pines conducted background research in the holdings of the SHPO and MHS. Sources examined during this research included files of previously identified archaeological sites within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of the project area, reports documenting previous surveys, aerial photographs, and historical maps of the study area. This research was conducted in order to identify those portions of the project area that have a higher potential for containing intact archaeological resources.

Additional research to identify and evaluate historical period archaeological sites was conducted in the holdings of the MHS, the Hastings Pioneer Room (HPR) in the Hastings City Hall, the Washington County Courthouse, and the Dakota County Courthouse. During this research, numerous sources were examined including historical maps and atlases, photographs and images, General Land Office records, census documents, tax assessment records, local histories, city directories, and other primary documents.

RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND PREVIOUS CULTURAL SURVEYS Background research conducted at the SHPO revealed that there is one previously identified archaeological site within the Hastings Bridge Project APE (Table 1). Site 21DKw is an “alpha” site associated with the Joseph R. Brown Trading Post. The reported location of this site is Lot 1 of Block 12 of the Hastings town site (Minnesota Archaeological Site Form, 21DKw, SHPO, St. Paul).

TABLE 1. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN THE APE Site No. T R S ¼ Section Description 21DKw 115N 17W 27 NW, NW, NW Trading Post

Research at the SHPO indicated the presence of two recorded archaeological sites within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of the project’s APE. One of these sites is a precontact site and one is a historical-period site. Both sites are outside of the current project’s APE.

TABLE 2. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN ONE-MILE OF THE APE Site No. T R S ¼ Section Description 21DK0006 26N 20W 8 NE, SW, NW Earthworks Standing Structure, Artifact 21DK0062 115N 17W 34 SW, NW, NW Scatter

Site 21DK006 is a group of six mounds located along a bluff edge overlooking the Mississippi River opposite Hastings (Winchell 1911). During a review of archaeological sites potentially affected by upgrades to TH 10 in 1985, it was concluded that due to the initial construction of TH 10, along with residential construction and landscaping, the mounds have been destroyed (Peterson 1985; Minnesota Archaeological Site Form, 21DK006, SHPO, St. Paul). TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 9

Site 21DK0062 is the William G. LeDuc Historic Site located at 1629 Vermillion Street in Hastings. The site consists of the 1865 LeDuc house and associated outbuildings. In 1996 and 1997, MHS conducted archaeological investigations consisting of soil probing and unit excavation near the carriage barn, and in 2003, Schoell and Madson, Inc. conducted archaeological testing in anticipation of utility and restroom upgrades. These excavations revealed significant archaeological deposits that are considered a contributing element to this NRHP-eligible site (Minnesota Archaeological Site Form, 21DK0062, SHPO, St. Paul).

Portions of the APE were encompassed by two previous archaeological surveys. A survey was conducted in 1977 by the Minnesota Trunk Highway Archaeological Program along TH 61 in anticipation of a bridge replacement at the Vermillion River and safety improvements from one-quarter mile south of TH 316 to 2nd Street in Hastings. Fieldwork consisted of surface reconnaissance and informal testing. No cultural resources were identified within the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project’s APE (Peterson 1978:97). A Phase I and Phase II archaeological and architectural history survey was completed by BRW, Inc. in anticipation of upgrades to County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 42 corridor from County Road 87 to TH 61 in 1995 (Maki et. al. 1995). As only the architectural history APE overlapped with the current study’s APE, no archaeological resources were identified by this survey within the current project’s APE.

ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY The TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project is located in the Southeast Riverine West and Central Lakes Deciduous East archaeological sub-regions. The following environmental history of this sub-region is based largely on information contained in Borchert and Gustafson’s Atlas of Minnesota Resources and Settlement (1980) and an overview entitled “Minnesota’s Environment and Native American Culture History” by Gibbon et al. (2002).

Southeast Riverine West The Southeast Riverine region covers most of southeastern Minnesota and continues into the adjacent corners of Wisconsin and Iowa. The sub-region encompasses the drainage systems of Cannon, Zumbro, and Root rivers, but excludes the immediate terraces and bluffs of the Mississippi River. This region was not glaciated during the Late Wisconsin Ice Age and is characterized by a stream-dissected terrain.

The soils in the western part of the region are medium-textured prairie and prairie border soils; the soils in the eastern part are fine-textured forest and prairie soils formed on loess deposits over Paleozoic bedrock.

The climate within this sub-region has an average annual precipitation range of 22 inches. January highs average 23 degrees Fahrenheit (F), while July highs average 85 degrees F. The frost-free season averages 140-160 days, from around early May to late September. TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 10

In Late Holocene times, forests of elm, ash, and cottonwood lined the river lowlands. Big Woods forests of maple, elm, and basswood occupied the uplands near the Mississippi River. Patches of oak groves in the prairie, often described as "oak barrens," were scattered across the western part of the region. The middle of the region was a more open prairie. Within the current project area, mixed grassland and hardwood forest was present at the time of initial EuroAmerican contact.

Late Holocene subsistence resources in this region consisted of deer, elk, and occasional bison in the uplands. Mussels, fish, waterfowl, and other aquatic resources including edible aquatic plants were available in the bottomlands particularly along the Mississippi River, while prairie turnips and acorns were present on the uplands and savannas of the region.

Central Lakes Deciduous East

The Central Lakes Deciduous East archaeological sub-region includes much of east- central Minnesota. The sub-region is bound to the west by the Mississippi River and to the east by the St. Croix River. The area between these two rivers contains numerous lakes, streams, and wetlands. The topography of the Central Lakes Deciduous East sub- region consists of glacial moraines, till plains, and outwash plains.

The climate within this sub-region has an average annual precipitation range from 24 to 30 inches. Average January highs range from 16 to 24 degrees F, while average July highs range from 78 to 86 degrees F. The frost-free season lasts up to 160 days in the south and up to 140 days in the north.

As implied by the region’s name, during the contact period much of the vegetation of the Central Lakes Deciduous East archaeological sub-region consisted of hardwood forests with a mix of deciduous-coniferous forest dominated by pine in the northern portion of the sub-region. Pre-settlement vegetation of the project area was an area of Big Woods comprised of hardwoods such as oak, maple, basswood, and hickory.

During the Late Holocene period, subsistence resources in this sub-region would have included white-tailed deer, small herds of bison and elk, beaver, bear, and some moose. Fish and waterfowl would also have been plentiful. Wild rice beds were also present throughout most of the sub-region.

PRECONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL The previous identification of precontact archaeological sites within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of the project area, together with the proximity of the Mississippi River, indicates a moderate to high potential for precontact archaeological sites to be present in the project APE. The Dakota are also reported to have gathered tipsinna (Prairie Turnip) near Hastings, which they referred to as Ohwabopte (the place where they dig) (Curtiss- Wedge 1910:225). The lack of a permanent Dakota village near Hastings has been attributed to a respectful avoidance of nearby Lake Isabelle, which is known to the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 11

Dakota as MahtoWakan (Spirit Bear). The establishment, though, of early trading posts at Hastings, including that of Joseph Rolette in 1821 on the north bank of the Mississippi River, and Joseph Brown to the south of the river in 1833, indicate that Native Americans frequented the area during the contact period (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227).

The potential for intact precontact archaeological resources is greater to the north of the river where development impacts are fewer. To the south of the river, the potential for intact precontact archaeological resources to be present may be reduced, but significant precontact resources can be occasionally preserved in urban environments. Therefore, areas of minimal post-contact impacts to the south of the river are also considered to have moderate potential to contain intact precontact archaeological resources.

HISTORICAL PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL As Hastings underwent early and intensive EuroAmerican settlement, the project area has a high potential for containing intact historical period archaeological resources. The following text provides an historical overview of documented resources within the project area and an assessment of the potential for intact associated archaeological remains to be present within the project APE.

For an in-depth historical context for Hastings, please see Stark et al. (2008).

APE to the North of the Mississippi River The northern shoreline of the Mississippi River opposite Hastings was noticeably rural in comparison to the burgeoning city on the south side of the river The low-lying land on the north bank was wet and subject to flooding and therefore not suitable to development. Rather, most of the documented historical-period resources present on the north shore, as outlined below, are related to transportation connections between Hastings and St. Paul.

Jean Joseph Rolette Trading Post Historical accounts indicate that one of the earliest EuroAmericans to occupy the Hastings area was Jean Joseph Rolette of Prairie du Chien, who built a small log trading post on the north bank of the river prior to 1821 (Warner and Foote 1881:260). This post was reportedly located “opposite where the Libbey lumber mill was afterward erected” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227). This description would place the site of the trading post to the west of the current TH 61 alignment and in the general vicinity of Hub’s Landing and Marina (Figure 2). The post across from present-day Hastings was an outpost to the main post at Prairie du Chien and it is said to have only been occupied during winter months for the purpose of collecting furs from the Native American occupants of the region (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227).

Jean Joseph Rolette Trading Post

Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road

Ferry Landing and Associated Structures

Road to Ferry Landing

Ferry Landing

Ferry KEY Landing

Shoreline 1895 Spiral Bridge (1895-1951) Shoreline 1927

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Potential Resources - Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations North APE N Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota Figure 2

0 feet 100

Aerial Photograph, 1947, Minnesota DNR; Aerial Photographs, 1927 and 2008, Dakota County; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1895 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 13

As this log structure was only occupied seasonally during the winter, the associated archaeological deposits were likely limited in nature. Subsequent development and shoreline modifications in this area have been extensive, and, therefore, the potential for intact archaeological resources associated with the Jean Joseph Rolette trading post to survive within the project area is low.

Ferry Landing and Associated Structures In 1854, shortly after the Hastings town site (then known as “Olive Grove”) was platted, William Felton, in partnership with William G. LeDuc, established a ferry service across the Mississippi River (Warner and Foote 1881:269). Historical photographs, aerials, and maps indicate that the ferry crossing was located at the narrowest point in the river and just to the east of the existing TH 61 alignment (MHS Negative No. 89625) (Figures 2 and 3). A commemorative marker placed by the Hastings Heritage Preservation Commission in 1982, indicates the location of the landing on the south side of the river.

In 1867, the City of Hastings purchased the ferry and hired an operator (HPR: Ferry file). Photographs of the north ferry landing include the ferry operator’s home and associated outbuildings (see Figures 3 and 4). According to state and federal census records, ferry operators included Caleb Truax (1860 and 1870), and Sydney Truax (1880). In 1895, with the completion of the Spiral Bridge, a ferry crossing was no longer needed. From 1893-1940, the north ferry landing site was the property of the Morey family (Washington County Deed Records [WCDR]). In 1940, the Mueller family purchased the land encompassing the ferry landing and established the Spiral View Boat Dock on the site. The Mueller’s continued to hold the property through 1952 (WCDR). The construction of the existing TH 61 Hastings Bridge resulted in significant impacts in the region of the former ferry landing (MHS Negative No. 10758) (Figure 5). By the time the new bridge was completed in 1951, all of the structures and trees at the landing had been removed (MHS Negative No. 10756) (Figure 6).

Using historical aerial photographs with the former ferry landing and structures visible, together with past shoreline data, it is possible to project the location of the former ferry site on the current 2008 aerial photograph (see Figure 2). This exercise indicates that the ferry landing and associated structures are located in a low-lying area that is presently inundated. Because of this inundation, together with the amount of disturbance that has occurred on the site, the potential for intact archaeological resources associated with the Hastings ferry landing to survive within the project APE to the north of the Mississippi River is low.

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FIGURE 3. HASTINGS FERRY LANDING ON THE NORTH BANK OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, 1875 (VIEW TO NORTHWEST)

FIGURE 4. DETAIL OF VIEW OF THE SPIRAL BRIDGE WITH THE FORMER FERRY LANDING (ARROW) AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (CIRCLED) VISIBLE ON THE NORTH BANK OF THE RIVER TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 15

FIGURE 5. FERRY LANDING LOCATION (CIRCLED) DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TH 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE, 1949 (VIEW TO SOUTH)

FIGURE 6. FERRY LANDING LOCATION (CIRCLED) AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE TH 61 HASTINGS BRIDGE, 1951 (VIEW TO NORTHEAST)

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Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road On the north side of the river, the ferry landing connected with the Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road (WA-DMK-015). This precursor to TH 61 followed the shoreline along a northwesterly trajectory, and then curved to the northeast to climb out of the river gorge via a side valley (U. S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE] 1895) (Figure 7). To the north of the valley, the route of this former wagon road and the existing TH 61 alignment merge before eventually joining up with the route of the former trail that serviced the Point Douglas community. With the completion of the Spiral Bridge in 1895, the southern terminus of this roadway was modified to connect with the new bridge (see Figure 7).

A remnant of the Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road (WA-DMK-015) is present within the project APE to the north of the Mississippi River (Stark et al. 2008) (Figure 8). This approximately 20-ft.-wide, raised, unpaved roadway is ditched to either side. As it passes through a slough, the exposed side slopes of the roadbed consist of fieldstone that is consistent with the stonework evident along the contemporary nineteenth-century ferry that led eastwards from Hastings to the Point Douglas ferry landing (DK-HTC-320) (Terrell 2002:37).

FIGURE 7. HASTINGS AND ST. PAUL WAGON ROAD (ORANGE LINE), EXISTING TH 61 ALIGNMENT (PURPLE LINE), AND APPROXIMATE DEPOT LOCATION (CIRCLED), 1895

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FIGURE 8. HASTINGS AND ST. PAUL WAGON ROAD SEGMENT, VIEW TO NORTHWEST

The NRHP significance of the Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road was evaluated as an architectural history property, and recommended as not eligible for listing in the NRHP, and no archaeological documentation of this resource is recommended (Stark et al. 2008).

Spiral Bridge The Spiral Bridge over the Mississippi River was completed in 1895. The touchdown on the north side of the river, which is located within the project APE, consisted of an elevated ramp (visible in Figure 5) that gradually descended from the bridge elevation to the grade of the Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road. This ramp was constructed of girders supported by limestone piers (Figure 9). Upon completion of the existing TH 61 Hastings Bridge, the Spiral Bridge was dismantled. Contemporary photographs, and aerial photographs post-dating the construction of the new bridge, indicate that the limestone piers were removed.

Due to this demolition, the potential for intact archaeological resources associated with the Spiral Bridge to survive within the APE to the North of the Mississippi River is low.

Railroad-Related Resources The APE to the north of the Mississippi River is bound in part by the existing Canadian Pacific Railway right of way (see Figure 1). The portion of the rail grade to the north of the river was initially constructed by the St. Paul and Chicago Railroad Company, who sought to build a line linking St. Paul and Chicago. By the fall of 1869, the rail line was nearing Hastings from the north and the Hastings Gazette recorded on November 13, 1869 that: “They are also laying out a side track and turntable on the bottoms opposite town, just above the Hastings and Cottage Grove wagon road, which will be the terminus TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 18

FIGURE 9. LIMESTONE SUPPORTS OF SPIRAL BRIDGE PIERS, C. 1895, VIEW TO NORTH for the winter” (Luecke 1988:19). A depot was subsequently constructed at this location as well (Luecke 1988:22) (see Figure 7). This temporary rail terminus allowed for passengers, mail, and freight arriving from the north on the St. Paul and Chicago to be dropped at the intersection with the Hastings and St. Paul Road, and to make a connection to the ferry crossing to Hastings via that roadway (Hastings Gazette, April 15, 1871; Warner and Foote 1881:283; Luecke 1988:19). In the meanwhile, the rail grade was built-up through the floodplain and a wooden trestle was constructed to connect with the rail bridge over the Mississippi River, which opened in December of 1871 (Luecke 1988:24). The original wooden trestle was replaced during the first decade of the twentieth century with a series of concrete piers that support steel plate girders.

As the railroad right of way is excluded from the project APE, and as the location of the depot and associated railroad facilities is also located to the north of the project APE, the potential for railroad-related archaeological resources to be present within the project APE is low.

APE to the South of the Mississippi River The City of Hastings was initially platted in 1853, and by 1867 the project APE to the south of the Mississippi River encompassed a collection of structures primarily fronting on Vermillion Street, Second Street, and the riverfront (Ruger 1867) (Figure 10). The potential for intact historical period archaeological resources is greatest in those portions of the southern APE that have not undergone subsequent impacts. This discussion of potential archaeological resources therefore focuses on those documented resources that

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project South APE Outlined on Ruger's Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations 1867 View of Hastings N Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota Figure 10

Ruger 1867 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 20

may be present within portions of the APE to the south of the Mississippi River that are devoid of standing structures, underground utilities, and other evidence of subsurface impacts.

Oliver’s Grove In the winter of 1819-1920, river ice forced a detachment of soldiers under the direction of Lieutenant Oliver to over winter near present day Hastings. Bound for Cantonment New Hope (near Mendota) with a keel-boat of supplies, this group became the first EuroAmericans to settle, however temporarily, at the future site of Hastings (Warner and Foote 1881:91). The Lieutenant’s name was transferred to the site of this encampment – a wooded locale on the west bank of the river - a location that was referred to by subsequent travelers as “Oliver’s Grove” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227). This moniker was later shortened to “Olive Grove,” which was for many years the name of the early settlement on this site until the name of “Hastings” was eventually selected (Curtiss- Wedge 1910:236).

Information on the exact location of the Lieutenant Oliver’s encampment was not encountered during this literature search. If the camp was situated within the current project APE, due to the temporary nature of the occupation and extensive subsequent development within the project area, the potential for intact archaeological resources associated with the 1819-1920 encampment to be encountered is low.

Joseph R. Brown Trading Post The next documented EuroAmerican inhabitant of the Hastings area was Joseph R. Brown (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227). Brown constructed a trading house of logs with a stone chimney at Oliver’s Grove in 1833-34 (Warner and Foote 1881:200; Curtiss- Wedge 1910:227). As Brown had another post just up the Mississippi River at Grey Cloud Island, it is not known how much time he spent in residence at Oliver’s Grove, but he is said to have occupied the post on occasion and is reported to have returned to it during the winter of 1839-40 (Warner and Foote 1881:200, 260; Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227). In 1845 the building was reportedly still standing, but had been reduced to only its chimney by 1850 (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:227-228).

The exact location of Brown’s post is unclear, but it is said to have been situated “on the brow of the second bench of land above the Mississippi, near the site of the present City hotel” (Warner and Foote 1881:260). Blakely’s 1853 plat of the future Hastings town site indicates that the ridge marking the second terrace passes through Block 12 of the plat (Blakely 1853). The City Hotel was formerly located to the immediate south of this ridge in Lot 1 of Block 21 on the southwest corner of the intersection of 3rd and Vermillion Streets (Sanborn Map Company 1884). A natural spring, referred to as the “Indian Spring” and located just to the southwest near the center of Block 27 would have also been advantageous to this location (Ruger 1867; Hastings Gazette, July 19, 1919). Placing Brown’s post within Block 21 adjusts the presumed location of the post a block to the south of the previously reported location in Block 12 (21DKw) on the southwest corner of the intersection of 2nd and Vermillion Streets (Figure 11) (Minnesota Archaeological Site Form, 21DKw, SHPO, St. Paul).

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 21

The reported location of Joseph R. Brown’s trading post is situated within the project APE, but due to the temporary nature of the occupation, and extensive subsequent development within the project area, the potential for intact archaeological resources associated with the trading post is low.

Henry Bailly Trading Post / “The Buckhorn” Prior to the platting of the permanent town site, the most substantial EuroAmerican presence in the Hastings area was the trading house of Henry Bailly. In anticipation of the Treaty of 1851 with the Dakota, Bailly secured a trading license and constructed a post at Olive Grove in 1850 (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:230). The building itself was a log structure being 12 by 16 ft. with a kitchen addition that was 10 by 12 ft. (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:230). When the area was opened up to settlement after the signing of the treaty at Mendota, the former trading post became the first hotel of the area and served as a general all-purpose building and gathering point for residents of the area. This building was called the “Buckhorn” after a set of deer antlers that had been nailed up over the doorway (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:230). The Buckhorn building was removed in 1856 (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:230).

The Buckhorn is generally reported as having been “not far from the junction of Second and Vermillion streets” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:230). Dr. Thomas, who came to the site of Hastings in 1851, likewise placed the trading house “near the Mississippi in the center of Vermillion street, near its junction with Second street” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:247). An early resident, Mrs. S. N. Greiner, who arrived in 1854, described the Buckhorn as being “a small log house near the corner of Second and Vermillion streets, standing first in the rear of Emerson and Cavanaugh’s grocery store” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:245). This description would place the Buckhorn on the northeast corner of Second and Vermillion and perhaps set back near the alley as the grocery store referenced was formerly located on the present site of the Mississippi Belle restaurant. This location towards the rear of Lot 5 of Block 4 is also supported by the account of John Case, who wrote, “The Buckhorn tavern stood back from the corner of Second and Vermillion streets where now stands the horse shed in the rear of the O’Brien Brothers/ saloon,” which occupied the former Emerson and Cavanaugh grocery building (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:248).

Mrs. Greiner also described a second structure referred to as “a small store or Indian trading post on the bank of the river near the levee” (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:245). This building is likely the Bailly’s warehouse, which was situated on the levee (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:236, 266).

These accounts place the site of the Bailly trading post near the intersection of Second and Vermillion Streets (see Figure 11). Accounts that are slightly more detailed would place the Buckhorn to the northeast of the intersection and in the general vicinity of the rear of the Mississippi Belle restaurant. A marker placed on the west exterior wall of the Mississippi Bell by the Hastings Heritage Preservation Commission, commemorates the location of the Buckhorn.

Project APE

Henry Bailly Trading Post / "Buckhorn" (General Area) Block 5, Lot 1 (Part)

DISTURBED (Railroad Spur) DISTURBED (Railroad Spur) Block 6, Lots 6 and 7

Block 4, Lots 2-4 (Parts), Vermillion St., and Levee

2nd Street Block 5, Lot 7 (Part) 1

6 and Lot 8 (Part) 21DKw TH / t. S Block 12, Lot 3 (Part) and Lot 4 (Part) Ramsey Street Sibley Street ermillion V 3rd Street Block 12, Lot 5

KEY Block 21, Lot 2 (Part) Study Areas

Previously Identified Sites 4th Street

Areas Associated with Documented Resources Joseph R. Brown Trading Post (General Area) Eddy Street

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Study Areas - South APE Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 11 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota N

0 feet 500

2008 Aerial Photograph, Dakota County TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 23

The reported location of the Buckhorn is situated within the project APE. The short lifespan of the structure (5 years), its physical removal from the site, and subsequent impacts in the area (including the construction of the Mississippi Belle building and the existing TH 61 Bridge), though, render the potential low for intact archaeological resources associated with the trading post to survive within the project APE.

Block 4, Lots 2-4 (Xcel Energy), Vermillion Street, and Levee The portion of the project APE that was formerly associated with the Henry Bailly trading post encompasses that portion of Vermillion Street to the north of 2nd Street, a portion of the platted alignment of 1st Street and the levee along the riverfront, as well as portions of Lots 2-4 of Block 4 (see Figure 11).

Vermillion Street is the City of Hastings primary north-south thoroughfare. Prior to the completion of the Spiral Bridge in 1895, Vermillion led to the ferry landing, which was offset slightly to the east of the road alignment (see Figures 2 and 10). In 1951, the current TH 61 Hastings Bridge was completed at the north end of Vermillion Street, thereby integrating the street into the state highway system. The construction of the bridge required building up the grade of the road between 2nd and 3rd Streets and placing bridge piers within the road alignment to the north of 2nd Street (MHS Location No. HD6.4 r49) (Figure 12).

FIGURE 12. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE PIERS WITHIN VERMILLION STREET ALIGNMENT (ST. JOHN’S HOTEL IN BACKGROUND), VIEW TO WEST

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 24

To the east of Vermillion Street, the levee and 1st Street historically created an open space between the riverfront and those warehouses and other structures that were oriented to the river and fronted on 1st Street. With the introduction of the railroad to Hastings, the 1st Street corridor was abandoned as a roadway and was replaced with a spur track servicing the businesses located along the levee. During the first half of the twentieth century, the levee became the focus of a beautification project that culminated in the creation of a waterfront park. Improvements with the project APE included the creation of a limestone “seawall” and other landscape elements by the federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Begun in 1936, this work also included grading and leveling of the ground and the creation of roadways with fill generated from the construction of the new post office building and sand and gravel dredged from the river (Hastings Gazette, July 10, 1936 and October 16, 1936). These modifications altered the grade of the riverfront considerably and buried the location of the former ferry landing (HPR Image 95.66.1) (Figure 13).

To the south of the levee, portions of Lots 2-4 of Block 4 are situated within the project APE. The earliest available image of this area from 1867 indicates that the front of the former Farmer’s Hotel was located within the APE, as well as three small, unidentified structures located along 1st Street (Figure 14). In 1884, a fire cleared Lots 3 and 4, including the destruction of the “old Noble hotel building” on the corner of 1st and Vermillion streets (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:265). Subsequent to the fire, the Hastings Electric Light and Power Company established a station in 1888 along the northern edge of Lot 4 (Sanborn Map Company 1891). The first electric building, though, was destroyed in the fire of September 17, 1891, which burned not only that building, but also much of the north half of Block 5 to the west across Vermillion Street (Curtiss-Wedge

General Area of Ferry Landing

FIGURE 13. 1951 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE LEVEE WITH PROJECT AREA OUTLINED, VIEW TO SOUTHEAST TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 25

Farmer’s Hotel

FIGURE 14. PORTION OF APE ON LEVEE AND WITHIN BLOCK 4 OUTLINED ON RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST

1910:265). The electric plant was rebuilt on Lot 4, but was again burned in 1896, and subsequently rebuilt in 1897 (HPR: electricity file). By 1898, a grain elevator and feed mill had been constructed on the north half of Lot 3 (Sanborn Map Company 1898). The elevator at that time was under the ownership of D. L. Thompson, but by 1904, it was the property of Adam Schaefer (Sanborn Map Company 1904). The mill continued in Schaefer ownership through 1911, but by 1924, the mill was removed (Sanborn Map Company 1911 and 1924). By that same year, the northern portion of the electric plant that formerly housed the steam boiler was removed and replaced with a transformer yard (Sanborn Map Company 1924). After 1931, the transformer yard occupied portions of Lots 2 and 3 (Stark et al. 2008). In 1949, a 125-foot tall tower was constructed to the north of the transformer yard on the site of the former elevator (Stark et al. 2008). A brick building associated with the Hastings Electric Light and Power Company plant still occupies Lot 4.

Due the construction of the existing TH 61 Hastings Bridge and the installation of utilities within the roadway, the Vermillion Street alignment is considered to have low potential for containing intact archaeological resources. Likewise, significant alterations of the levee, including the construction and eventual removal of the railroad spur, and WPA modifications, have significantly decreased the potential for the levee and riverfront to retain intact archaeological resources. Portions of the walls constructed by the WPA are located within the project APE and these resources were evaluated as architectural history properties (Figure 15). These WPA improvements did not meet the criteria for eligible federal relief construction and are recommended as not eligible for TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 26

WPA Walls

Ferry Landing

Spiral Bridge

FIGURE 15. THE PROJECT APE OUTLINED ON THE 1910 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH listing in the NRHP (Stark et al. 2008). No archaeological documentation of these features is recommended.

Open areas within Block 4 that are encompassed within the APE are considered to have moderate to high potential for containing intact archaeological resources. Potential resources included undocumented features associated with the Bailly trading post, as well as structures destroyed in the 1884 fire.

Block 5, Lot 1 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Loading Dock) The southern 98 ft. and the eastern 66 ft. of Lot 1 of Block 5 is currently a paved access for a loading dock in the H. D. Hudson Manufacturing complex (see Figure 11). Historically, this lot was subdivided into three portions: the southernmost 26 ft., the northernmost 94 ft., and between these two sub-lots a 20 ft.-wide middle lot. The portion of the lot that is presently open encompasses all but the western 20 ft. of the southern two subdivisions, and approximately 42 ft. of the northern subdivision of this lot.

Southern 26 Feet of Lot 1 Of the southernmost 26 ft. of Lot 1, the northern 20 ft. has been subsumed within the existing 40-ft.-wide alley. Historic maps indicate that this transition took place sometime before 1884 (Sanborn Map Company 1884). Prior to that transition, the southernmost 26 ft. of Lot 1 was primarily associated with William C. Herndon, who owned the property from 1857-1867, with the exception of a brief 4-month period when it was held by

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Grain Elevator

FIGURE 16. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 OUTLINED ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST

Thomas Armstrong (Dakota County Deed Records [DCDR]). An 1857 record refers to a house on this lot (DCDR, Book G:108), and Ruger’s 1867 view indicates a structure within the southernmost part of the lot (circled in Figure 16). The function of this structure is not known, but in 1860, William C. Herndon was running a hotel in Hastings (United States Bureau of the Census 1860). In 1867, the southernmost 26 ft. was sold to William K. Rogers, who rejoined it with the remainder of the block in subsequent sales (DCDR).

This review of historical records indicates that the southern 26 ft. of Lot 1 of Block 5 was at one time occupied by a structure by 1857 and through at least 1867. Available maps post-dating 1884 and aerial photographs through the present indicate that this structure was removed prior to 1884 and that the southern 26 ft. of the lot has remained undeveloped since that time. Although utilities have been run through the alleyway, the southernmost 26 ft. of Lot 1 is considered to have moderate to high potential to contain intact historical-period archaeological features associated with the pre-1870 occupation of this portion of the lot.

Middle 26-46 Feet of Lot 1 This 20-ft. wide portion of Lot 1 was held by William Heskett (1855-56), John Hope (1856), Henry Bailly (1856-59), Charles Ennis (1859-1863), and Hamilton Jackson (1863-?) before being reunited circa 1866 with the remainder of the block (DCDR). Most of these owners held multiple properties in Hastings, and there is no indication that this subdivision of Lot 1 was ever developed. Due to its apparent lack of development,

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this portion of Lot 1 has moderate potential to contain intact historical-period archaeological features associated with either unknown uses of the lot itself, or uses of the surrounding area.

Northern 94 Feet of Lot 1 The northernmost 94 ft. of Lot 1 was historically associated with the presence of a grain elevator situated along the northern edge of the lot on the levee (see Figure 16). This elevator was constructed prior to 1867 by Samuel Rogers and was known as the “Rogers Elevator” even after it was sold to members of the Grosvenor family in 1868 (DCDR; Curtiss-Wedge 1910:265). The original mill was destroyed by a fire in 1891 that cleared the entire north half of Block 5 (Curtiss-Wedge 1910:265). An elevator was rebuilt on the north edge of the lot subsequent to the fire. The second elevator was reconfigured by 1910, and that version of the elevator remained a signature of the Hastings skyline through the mid-twentieth century being removed sometime between 1951 and 1962 (Sanborn Map Company 1962). H. D. Hudson Manufacturing has since constructed a loading dock in the northern portion of the lot and paved the remainder of the lot.

The grain elevators located on Lot 1 were situated in the northernmost portion of the lot, which is currently occupied by the loading dock (Figure 17). The open portion of the lot to the south of the grain elevator was largely devoid of structures with the exception of a small wood-frame office for the elevator as indicated on the 1884 and 1891 Sanborn Map Company’s fire insurance maps. After the 1891 fire, an iron-clad office building

H. D. Hudson Manufacturing TH 61 Bridge Bridge TH 61

Block 5, Lot 1

Alley

FIGURE 17. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 WITH OUTLINES OF GRAIN ELEVATOR AND OFFICE: PRE-1891 (BLUE WITH SHADING), PRE-1910 (GREEN), AND IN 1924 (ORANGE DASH) SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 29

replaced the former building (Sanborn Map Company 1898). In the last extant version of the mill, the office was incorporated into the structure, which extended into the northwest corner of the currently open portion of the lot (see Figure 17).

Based on this literature review, the northern portion of Lot 1 of Block 5 has moderate to high potential to contain intact archaeological resources associated with the former grain elevator situated on this lot.

Block 5, Lots 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing East Parking Lot) The south 98 ft. 10 in. of Lot 8 together with the south 98 ft. 10 in. of the east half of Lot 7 of Block 5 are presently a gravel-surfaced parking lot owned by H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (see Figure 11). Historically, Lot 8 was subdivided into approximate thirds consisting of a southern 46 ft. 8 in., a middle 42 ft. 2 in., and a northern 41 ft. 2 in. The southern 46 ft. 8 in. was further subdivided into a southern 24 ft. 8 in. section and a northern 22 ft. section. The ownership of the southern third of Lot 8 was historically linked with the ownership of Lot 7, which contained associated outbuildings. As the excavation area encompasses only the southern two-thirds of Lot 8, and as the middle third was only the site of a small shop after circa 1924, this lot history will focus on the southern 46 ft. 8 in. of Lot 8 and its association with neighboring Lot 7.

The southern third of Lot 8 was initially owned from 1855 to 1869 by the early developers of Hastings including Henry Sibley, William LeDuc, Samuel and William Rogers, and Cornelia Grosvenor (DCDR). It was not until August 23, 1869, that this portion of Lot 8 together with all of Lot 7 was passed from their presumably speculative ownerships to James Brownell (DCDR). According to Ruger’s 1867 view of Hastings, though, two structures had already been constructed on the southern portion of Lot 8 by that year (Figure 18). These buildings included a 2-story structure within the southernmost 24 ft. 8 in. and a one-and-a-half story building in the 22 ft. to the immediate north. The structures were constructed immediately adjacent to one another. Documentary evidence for the early use of these structures was not discovered during this literature search, although it has been suggested that the building on the corner of 2nd and Vermillion Streets may have served for a period of time as the site of the Hastings post office during the 1860s (Warner and Foote 1881:283; Doffing 1976). It may have also served as a grocery, as previous owner Samuel Rogers operated a grocery at 2nd and Vermillion Streets according to an 1865 business directory, and, in 1870, owner James Brownell was a “produce dealer” (Groff and Bailey 1865; United States Bureau of the Census 1870).

James Brownell and his heirs (James died in 1880) would continue to own the southern 24 ft. 8 in. of Lot 8 and all of Lot 7 through 1884. Within a year of his initial 1869 purchase, James Brownell had sold the 22-ft.-wide lot to the immediate north to Catherine Keffeler, who also only held the property a year before selling it in 1871 to Michael Allen (DCDR). With the exception of 1870, census records do not indicate that the Brownell family resided within the city (United States Bureau of the Census 1870). It would therefore appear that they may have rented the structure on the northwest corner of 2nd and Vermillion Streets. According to the earliest available Sanborn map from 1884, TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 30

FIGURE 18. BUILDINGS ON THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF LOT 8 OF BLOCK 5 (CIRCLED) ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST the southernmost portion of Lot 8 was the St. John’s Hotel, which housed a saloon, and the building to the immediate north was a saloon (Sanborn Map Company 1884) (Figure 19). Located within Block 7 were the hotel’s stable and two wood-frame outbuildings. The location of these buildings was encompassed by excavations discussed later in this report.

St. John’s Hotel In 1884, Brownell’s heirs sold the St. John’s Hotel property, including all of Lot 7, to John Weber (DCDR). A January 1, 1884 newspaper article indicates that he was already operating the hotel and its saloon prior to the purchase (HPR: St. John’s Hotel file). Upon his purchase, though, Weber refurnished the hotel and constructed “a good commodious stable” (The News Era, December 15, 1885). The hotel was advertised in 1885 as being: “completely furnished and is kept in first-class style. The best wines, liquors and cigars always on hand. Good stabling attached to premises.” Board was one dollar per day (Hastings Bulletin, March 27, 1885). In 1887, John Weber sold the hotel to John L. Busch and others, but Weber continued to operate the St. John’s Hotel through 1898, when he moved to a new hotel building (DCDR; Hastings Gazette, August 13, 1898). In July of that year, Mrs. John L. Busch and Fred Busch sold the hotel to John Kleis, a German immigrant, who already owned the neighboring saloon (Hastings Gazette, July 23, 1898; United States Bureau of the Census 1900). Kleis set about altering his new purchase including expansions to the dining room and a two-story brick saloon addition (Hastings Daily, April 20, 1899; Hastings Daily, December 27, 1899). Kleis’ venture met with unfortunate circumstances when the hotel, saloon, and barn were destroyed in the early morning hours of December 25, 1899 by a fire that ravaged

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Lot 8 Street

Lot 7 Vermillion

FIGURE 19. DETAIL OF 1884 SANBORN MAP WITH THE EXCAVATION AREA WITHIN BLOCKS 7 AND 8 OUTLINED

portions of four blocks in Hastings. According to one newspaper account, Kleis was “so overcome that his reason gave way and he had to be confined and taken care of” (HPR: fire file).

By January of 1900, John Kleis had not only recovered, but had begun rebuilding the hotel and barn (Hastings Gazette, January 27, 1900). The new, brick veneered building was a much larger single structure that occupied the entire southern third of Block 8 where the hotel and adjoining saloon had formerly stood (see Figures 12 and 20). Excavations encompassing this structure are discussed later in this report.

In 1900, Kleis, his wife Mary and their three daughters and one son, as well as saloon keeper Maurace O’Brien, and another boarder were in residence at the hotel (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). Kleis retired from operation of the St. John’s Hotel in 1906 (Hastings Gazette, July 10, 1906). The building continued to stand until 1983. It was used as a hotel through 1950 and as an Order of Odd Fellows Hall from that year through 1976 when it was sold to H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (DCDR; Hastings Star Gazette, August 11, 1983).

Allen / Kleis & Grub Saloon In 1871, Michael Allen purchased the saloon building to the north of the St. John’s Hotel (DCDR). It may be that Allen was previously running the saloon, but had only recently

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Street Vermillion

FIGURE 20. DETAIL OF 1904 SANBORN MAP WITH THE EXCAVATION AREA WITHIN BLOCKS 7 AND 8 OUTLINED

opted to purchase the building. According to an 1868 newspaper notice, he was running the “Shambroug Saloon” and the 1870 census lists him as a saloon keeper (Hastings Gazette, July 4, 1868; United States Bureau of the Census 1870). In 1896, John Kleis purchased the saloon building, and by 1898, he had formed a partnership with Adam Grub (DCDR; Hastings Gazette, August 13, 1898). They operated the saloon under the name of Kleis and Grub. In 1899, Kleis replaced the wood-frame saloon with a 2- storybrick building. The new salon building was destroyed in the Christmas Day fire of 1899, and the new St. John’s Hotel was expanded to encompass the footprint of this former building.

Based on this literature review, the open portions of Lots 7 and 8 have moderate to high potential to contain intact archaeological resources associated with the hotel and saloon.

Block 6, Lots 6, 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing West Parking Lot) Lots 6, 7, and 8 of Block 6 are presently an asphalt-surface parking lot owned by H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (see Figure 11).

Lot 8 Historically, Lot 8 has remained undeveloped and was the site of lumber piles generated by the Libby sawmill. Two soil borings (Borings 20 and 23) within Lot 8 revealed 10-15

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cm of a black (10YR 2/1), silt loam over bedrock. This apparently natural A horizon has the potential to contain intact precontact-period resources, or early historical-period deposits.

Lot 7 Unlike Lot 8, Lots 6 and 7 were developed quite early. According to Ruger’s 1867 view of Hastings, both lots had dwellings on them by that date (Figure 21). According to available Sanborn fire insurance maps, the structure on Lot 7 was a side-by-side, wood- frame (Figure 22). This apparent rental property was owned by Hammon Stowell (pre- 1856), William LeDuc (1856-1872), George W. Houghtaling (city mayor 1874 and 1875) (1872-1880), Christian Neidt (1880-1884), Christiana Houghtaling (1884-1888), and William Thompson (1888-1900) (DCDR). This structure is removed between 1898 and 1904 (Sanborn Map Company 1898 and 1904). While it is not listed in articles recording the initial losses of the 1899 fire, its proximity to the fire likely resulted in significant damage. This lot was not redeveloped, but rather subsumed into the mill property that eventually became the H. D. Hudson Manufacturing parcel. A soil boring (#19) towards the front of Lot 7 recorded shallow bedrock (28 cmbs). A boring (#22) towards the rear of the lot, though, went nearly a meter to bedrock and contained approximately 30 cm of an apparently intact silt loam over bedrock. Based on these findings, Lot 7 is considered to have moderate to high potential to contain intact historical-period resources, and, perhaps remains associated with a structure destroyed in the 1899 fire.

Lot 6 Like Lot 7, Lot 6 was initially held in its entirety by Henry Sibley, Hammon Stowell, and William LeDuc, who traded the parcel amongst themselves before selling it to William Atherton in 1869 (DCDR). Atherton subdivided the lot into two lots consisting of a 36- ft. wide lot to the west and a 30-ft. lot to the east.

William Atherton retained the western 36-ft. sub-lot for himself. This portion of the lot was occupied by a one-and-a-half-story, wood-frame dwelling (see Figure 22). Atherton owned the property through 1902. According to the 1900 census, he was a 77-year-old, widowed, New Hampshire-born, veterinarian, and he shared his home with his 43-year- old, widowed, New York-born niece Harriet Leggett (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). During the remainder of the structure’s existence during the twentieth century, it was owned by William C. Hathaway (1902-1905), Arthur W. Wilson (1905-1911), John Raway (1911-1923), and Charles Reuter (1923-1961) (DCDR). The structure on the west sub-lot stood until 1962 and is visible in a detail from a 1949 photograph of Hastings (HPR Image 95.318.1) (Figure 23)

William Atherton sold the eastern 30-ft. sub-lot to his niece Harriet Leggett in 1897. This portion of the lot was occupied by a two-story, brick dwelling (see Figure 22). While Leggett was residing with her uncle in 1900, by 1910 she had moved to the dwelling on the eastern portion of Lot 6 (United States Bureau of the Census 1910). Leggett continued to own the property through 1919. During the remainder of the structure’s existence during the twentieth century, it was owned by Elsie Henkes (1919- TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 34

Lot 6 Dwelling

Lot 7 Dwelling

FIGURE 21. BUILDINGS ON LOTS 6 AND 7 OF BLOCK 6 ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST

Lot 6 Lot 7 Lot 8

FIGURE 22. LOTS 6, 7, AND 8 OF BLOCK 6, DETAIL OF 1884 SANBORN MAP

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FIGURE 23. STRUCTURES ON LOT 6 OF BLOCK 6, 1949, VIEW TO NORTHEAST

1926), Louisa Leifeld (1926-1943), Millett O’Connell (1943-1947), and John Reinardy and his wife (1947+) (DCDR). This structure, like that on the west half of the lot, stood until 1962 and is visible in a detail from a 1949 photograph of Hastings (HPR Image 95.318.1) (see Figure 23).

A soil boring (#18) towards the front of Lot 6 recorded shallow bedrock (38 cmbs). A boring (#21) towards the rear of the lot was also shallow to bedrock (24 cmbs). Based on these findings together with the documentary history, Lot 6 is considered to have moderate potential to contain intact historical-period resources if features such as privies or wells that were excavated into the bedrock are preserved within the lot.

Block 12, Lots 3 and 4 The southern 70 ft. of Lots 3 and 4 of Block 12 is currently a paved parking lot for the First National Bank of Hastings (see Figure 11). The entirety of both lots was initially purchased from Henry Sibley by James Dow in 1855 (DCDR). Historical accounts state that Dow came from New Hampshire to Olive Grove in 1853, and a year later in 1854, he constructed a home “set back near the alley” on Block 12 (Warner and Foote 1881:266, 269; Curtiss-Wedge 1910:239). This house, which was situated on the southern portion of Lot 3, was among the first group of private frame dwellings constructed in Hastings. In 1857, Dow sold Lot 4 to Ellen Treadway, and, by 1867, a dwelling had been constructed on that lot as well (Figure 24).

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Ennis House (Lot 4) Dow House (Lot 3)

FIGURE 24. STRUCTURES ON LOTS 3 AND 4 OF BLOCK 12 CIRCLED ON A DETAIL FROM RUGER’S 1867 VIEW OF HASTINGS, FACING SOUTHWEST

Southern 70 Feet of Lot 3 James C. Dow, an early Hastings settler, built a dwelling on the southern portion of Lot 3 in 1854. This two-story frame dwelling is visible on Ruger’s 1867 view of Hastings (see Figure 24), and is documented on the 1884 Sanborn map (Ruger 1867; Sanborn Map Company 1884) (Figure 25). The dwelling was accompanied on the lot by a large, one- and-a-half-story, stable/barn situated along the west edge of Lot 3 (see Figures 24 and 25). Born in Massachusetts, James C. Dow came to Olive Grove from Concord, New Hampshire in 1853 (United States Bureau of the Census 1850). The young, but experienced, lawyer had been a student of Franklin Pierce, and shortly after arriving in Minnesota, he was appointed Dakota County’s first District Attorney (Dakota County Attorney’s Office 1999). Later, in 1855, Dow was named the prosecuting attorney for the third general term of the District Court for Dakota County, and during 1857-58, he represented Dakota County’s Third District in Minnesota’s first House of Representatives (Dakota County Attorney’s Office 1999). He also served as editor for the Dakota Weekly Journal (Warner and Foote 1881:230-231). In 1860, Dow moved to Henderson in Sibley County, and Lot 3 was sold to Albert T. Norton (DCDR; United States Bureau of the Census 1860). Norton only owned the property from 1860 to 1866, but the 1865 state census does place him in Hastings and presumably in residence on Lot 3.

In 1866, Albert Norton sold the structure on Lot 3 to William Thompson (DCDR). Thompson would continue to own the property through 1900, but Thompson owned multiple properties in Hastings. When the Christmas Day fire of 1899 struck, the house and barn on Lot 3 were destroyed for a loss of $800 (HPR: fire file). Newspaper accounts, though, state that the property was owned by Thompson, but occupied by Mathias Reuter (HPR: fire file). According to the 1900 census, Reuter was a 46-year-old,

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Lot 3 Lot 4

FIGURE 25. SOUTHERN PORTION OF LOTS 3 AND 4 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1884 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

German-born, foreman at a lumber yard. He resided with his 45-year-old, German-born wife Minnie, and their three daughters and two sons (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). After the fire, the property was transferred to Reuter, who built a two-story, ironclad, dwelling on the parcel (Sanborn Map Company 1904). Reuter and his descendants continued to own the parcel through the mid twentieth century (DCDR). The dwelling stood through 1962, but shortly thereafter was removed (Sanborn Map Company 1962).

A soil boring (#11) within the central portion of Lot 3 went 49 cm to bedrock and contained charcoal. The history of this lot is tied to the early settlement of Hastings and the fire of 1899. As the soil boring indicates the presence of strata over bedrock, and as features may be excavated into the bedrock, this lot is considered to have moderate to high potential to contain intact historical-period resources.

Southern 60 Feet of Lot 4 In 1857, James Dow sold Lot 4 to Ellen Treadway (DCDR). A Treadway family member is recorded with the Dows in the 1857 state census and is likely that the Treadways were relatives. It is unclear, though, if Ellen Treadway ever developed Lot 4. In 1862, the property was purchased at Sheriff’s auction by Charles Ennis (DCDR). Charles and his brother Joseph came to Hastings in 1859. They quickly established themselves as leading entrepreneurs establishing an imposing grain elevator on the levee at the foot of Sibley

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Street and building a mill on the Vermillion River (HPR: Ennis file). Charles Ennis owned the structure on Lot 4 from 1862-1874 (DCDR). Ennis transferred Lot 4 to John Dudley (DCDR). Dudley, like Ennis, was a prominent entrepreneur. Census records and historical accounts, though, indicate that Dudley, a leading lumberman, resided in Minneapolis (Warner and Foote 1881:298). The structure on Lot 4 was therefore likely a rental property. In 1894, Lot 4 was transferred from the Dudleys to Helen Van Slyke (DCDR). According to the 1900 federal census, Helen, who was 32-years-old and born in Wisconsin, resided on Lot 4 with her husband Nick, a 38-year-old, Minnesota-born, day laborer, and their three daughters and two sons (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). Their home survived the 1899 fire that destroyed surrounding structures, including the home of their immediate neighbor to the east. From 1906 to 1908, Lot 4 was briefly held by J. F. and Johanna Johnson (DCDR). Their short ownership was followed by that of Elizabeth Tomamichel (1908-1916), and later by member of the Sieben family (1916-1939+) (DCDR). The Tomamichel household consisted of Elizabeth and her sister Agnes, who were Swiss immigrants. Elizabeth was a laundress for the priest’s family (United States Bureau of the Census 1910). According to the 1920 and 1930 federal census records, the Siebens did not reside on Lot 4. Between 1924 and 1951, the structure on Lot 4 was removed (Sanborn Map Company 1924 and 1951).

A soil boring (#12) within Lot 4 went 54 cm to bedrock. This lot is tied to the early settlement of Hastings and the prominent Ennis family. As the soil boring indicates the presence of strata over bedrock, and as features may be excavated into the bedrock, this lot is considered to have moderate to high potential to contain intact historical-period resources.

Block 12, Lot 5 (120/122 West 3rd Street) Lot 5 of Block 12 is currently the paved parking lot of the Haley Comfort Systems store (see Figure 11). According to Ruger’s 1867 view, the area was undeveloped and being used for lumber storage (see Figure 10). In 1875, Alvah and James Bell established the Bell Brothers Manufacturing Company’s factory on the lot (Warner and Foote 1881:281). Bell Brothers produced window sash, doors, blinds, furniture, and caskets (Warner and Foote 1881: 281). The factory consisted of a sawmill, planing mill, engine house, workrooms and lumber sheds (Warner and Foote 1881:281; Sanborn Map Company 1884) (Figure 26). Bell Brothers had 10 to 15 employees and was reportedly the only furniture manufacturer in Dakota County circa 1881 (Warner and Foote 1881:281). Alvah Bell retired in 1885, and his brother continued the business until his death in 1897 (Hastings Gazette, February 13, 1887). After 1897, the factory on Lot 5 was operated by the St. Croix Lumber Company, although Ellen Bell, James’ widow, continued to own the parcel (Sanborn Map Company 1898). The mill survived the Christmas Day fire of 1899, but by the turn of the twentieth-century the lumber boom was over and the northern pineries depleted (Hastings Gazette, December 30, 1899).

By 1904, the structures of the former factory had been removed, and a two-story, wood- framed, side-by-side duplex constructed on the lot (Sanborn Map Company 1904) (Figure 27). From 1903-1916, Alvah and Ellen Bell’s daughter Elsie owned the parcel, and census records indicate that the duplex was a rental property (DCDR; United States TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 39

FIGURE 26. LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1884 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

Bureau of the Census 1910). In 1916, the property was sold to Fred Meyer, who continued to rent the property (DCDR, United States Bureau of the Census 1920 and 1930). In 1935, the property was transferred to Margaret Strong Brett, who held it through 1942, at which time it was transferred to L. D. Peck (DCDR). Members of the Peck family would continue to own the parcel through 1952 (DCDR). Some time between 1951 and 1962, the duplex was razed (Sanborn Map Company 1951 and 1962).

In a detail from a circa 1900 photograph of Hastings, the duplex and its associated outhouse are visible (MHS Negative No. 92812) (Figure 28). The privy pit, which was excavated to a depth of approximately 5 ft. into the underlying bedrock, has been previously disturbed by bottle collectors. The privy reportedly contained domestic material dating to circa 1900-1920 and apparently associated with the residents of the duplex (Dennis Nygaard, Personal Communication, July 2008). The fill from the pit, including any unwanted artifacts, was used to backfill the depression.

This review of historical records indicates that from approximately 1875 through circa 1900, Lot 5 of Block 12 was the site of a furniture factory. During the twentieth century, the lot was occupied by a duplex. Therefore, this lot may contain intact archaeological features associated with both the industrial and domestic uses of this lot. However, as the

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FIGURE 27. LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 OUTLINED ON THE 1904 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP AND SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

FIGURE 28. DUPLEX ON LOT 5 OF BLOCK 12 (CIRCLED) WITH OUTHOUSE IN REAR (SMALL CIRCLE), VIEW TO NORTHWEST

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privy associated with the duplex has been disturbed, and because numerous families occupied this rental property, the potential for features from the duplex to survive that can be linked with particular occupants and thereby answer important research questions is considered to be low. As the duplex did not have a basement, the potential for intact archaeological features associated with the earlier furniture factory on this lot, though, is considered moderate to high. A soil boring (#14) approximately at the location of the mill’s boiler encountered red brick and mortar at 38-46 cmbs, which would be consistent with a boiler pad. Bedrock was at 107 cmbs.

Block 21, Lot 2 (107 West 3rd Street) The east 38 ft. of Lot 2 of Block 21 is currently a paved lot used for parking and as an alleyway behind commercial buildings that front on Vermillion Street (see Figure 11). By 1884, a two-story, wood-frame dwelling fronting on 3rd Street had been constructed on this lot (Sanborn Map Company 1884). The owner during this period was John Dudley, who purchased the lot in 1877 (DCDR). In 1870, Dudley established a lumberyard that by 1884 took up the west half of Block 21 (Sanborn Map Company 1884). As previously noted, Dudley resided in Minneapolis (Warner and Foote 1881:298). The house on 3rd Street was therefore likely a rental, like several others that Dudley owned in Hastings, and in confirmation, the 1891 Sanborn map indicates the house was subdivided into a side-by-side duplex (Stark et al. 2008:1401-141).

In 1893, the property was transferred from Dudley’s estate to Moses D. Franklin (DCDR). According to pre-1890 census records, the Franklins had previously resided in Denmark Township to the north of the Mississippi River, but in 1895 Moses and his wife Armenia reside in Hastings where Moses was working as a “wood dealer” (Minnesota State Census 1895). The Franklins house was destroyed in the disastrous Christmas Day fire of 1899, which began at the Libby sawmill on the riverfront and destroyed portions of four city blocks. The Franklins home and barn were estimated at a total loss of $2,500 (Hastings Gazette, December 30, 1899). The Franklins rebuilt a new two-story, wood- frame house on the lot that generally overlapped in footprint with its predecessor (Figure 29). Moses Franklin died in 1906, and Armenia continued to reside in their home until her death in 1914.

From 1917-1950, the house at 107 West 3rd Street was the property of the Downs family (DCDR). The 1920 federal census, though, indicates that they were renting the house to the family of James Harris, who was a “shoveler” at a flour mill (United States Bureau of the Census 1920). By 1930, the family of James Downs was in residence (United States Bureau of the Census 1930). According to the 1930 census, both James and his son Arnold, who also resided at 107 West 3rd Street, were both blacksmiths (United States Bureau of the Census 1930). Sanborn maps indicate that they constructed a blacksmith shop on the site of the former barn at the south end of the lot (Sanborn Map Company 1924). In 1938, the home passed to Arnold Downs (DCDR). According to aerial photographs, the dwelling on Lot 2 of Block 21 was extant through at least 1974, but was removed prior to 1991.

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Barn House Barn House

Alley TH 61 / Vermilion Street

FIGURE 29. LOT 2 (EAST 38 FT.) OF LOT 21 WITH OUTLINES OF THE PRE-1899 (BLUE AND SHADED) AND POST-1899 (ORANGE DASH) DWELLING AND BARN SUPERIMPOSED ON A 2008 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

This review of historical records indicates that from approximately 1877 through at least 1974, there was a dwelling present on the east 38 ft. of Lot 2 of Block 21. This structure was consumed by fire in 1899 and rebuilt largely on its original footprint. Although the central portion of this lot (between the house and the outbuilding) may contain intact archaeological features, due to the longevity of this structure and the number of families that resided in the house, the potential for features to survive that can be linked with particular occupants and thereby answer important research questions is considered to be low. Archaeological testing of this lot is not recommended.

Mississippi River Channel The construction of the new bridge will require the placement of piers in the river. Communication with USACE and NPS staff indicates that there are no recorded river navigation features or shipwrecks within the project APE that the current undertaking will have an effect upon (Stark et al. 2008:15; B. Perkl to W. Stark, Electronic Communication, August 5, 2008).

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RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

WORK SUMMARY On June 30, July 1-3, 7-10, 22-25, 28-30, and August 6-8, 12-15, 20, and 28, 2008, Two Pines staff conducted Phase I and II investigations and deep testing for archaeological resources within the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project’s APE. The Principal Investigator was Michelle Terrell and she conducted the fieldwork with Justin Burr, Dylan Eigenberger, Michelle Porwoll, Pam Hale, and Jammi Ladwig.

APE to the North of the Mississippi River The project APE to the north of the Mississippi River consists of wooded river bottoms interspersed with sloughs. Portions of this area have been previously disturbed by the creation of marinas, the construction of the existing TH 61 embankment and other roadways, as well as the excavation of wetlands (Figure 30). Archaeological fieldwork within the northern APE was concentrated on those remaining portions of the project area that had moderate to high potential to contain intact soils as identified by the Mn/DOT CRU Project Manager and the Principal Investigator. On the north side of the river, historical-period cultural resources were anticipated near the former ferry landing and the spiral bridge touchdown.

APE to the South of the Mississippi River To the south of the Mississippi River, the project area is an urban environment. Within this portion of the project APE, though, there are parcels that have not undergone extensive development. Within this portion of the project APE, intact historical period archaeological resources were anticipated in lots that are currently undeveloped, but which the documentary record indicate have been the location of previous domestic structures and/or industries. Portions of the APE on the south side of the river also underwent precontact period archaeological investigations due to their proximity to the Mississippi River and the potential for significant NRHP-eligible precontact resources to be preserved in urban environments, as exemplified by the Converse Site (20KT0002) in Grand Rapids, Michigan (Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group 2006:12-12).

APE TO THE NORTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER The project APE to the north of the Mississippi River was subdivided into four test areas (see Figure 30). The following archaeological work summary describes the fieldwork results by survey area.

Survey Area A Survey Area A is a wooded parcel bound to the west by the riverbank, to the east by the former Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road, to the north by a slough, and to the south by Saunder’s Marina (see Figure 30). This generally level area is covered in woods consisting primarily of cottonwood trees, but also oaks. The average tree diameter is approximately 10 in. with occasional larger specimens of cottonwood interspersed. The

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 44

understory is stinging nettle, and sediment and water-born trash is evident on the surface indicating occasional flood periods. This area is open and formerly cultivated according to 1927, 1937, and 1951 aerial photographs, but appears to be fallow by 1964.

Phase I Archaeological Survey Survey of Area A commenced with the excavation of 19 shovel tests spaced at a 15-m interval along a generally north-south transect (Transect 1) that approximately bisected the survey area (Figure 31). A second, parallel transect (Transect 2) of 19 shovel tests was excavated to the west of the initial transect. Shovel tests along the second transect were excavated at a distance of 10 or 15 m to the west of the initial transect as allowed by the irregular shape of the shoreline. Two shovel tests (T1 ST10 and T2 ST12) that yielded historical-period cultural materials from within apparently undisturbed stratum, and a third test (T1 ST11) that produced faunal remains (0-20 cmbs),1 were bracketed with 22 additional shovel tests. Three other shovel tests (T1 ST13, T2 ST16, and T2 ST18) each produced a single historical-period artifact and were not bracketed. All shovel tests within Survey Area A were negative for precontact period cultural materials.

The typical stratigraphic profile of Area A consisted of an average of 23 cm of a dark gray (10YR 4/1) to dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt to silty loam over a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty sand to silty loam horizon present to an average depth of 61 cmbs. Next, a light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) to a light gray (10YR 7/2), sand, sometimes with darker banding, was present to an average depth of 83 cmbs. The profile then transitioned to a dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) to brown (10YR 4/3) moist silty sand that continued to 100 cmbs. In thirteen shovel tests a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist silty sand Ab horizon was encountered at an average depth of 88 cmbs and continued to 100 cmbs. No gravels or inclusions were present in these strata. Tests generally went to 100 cmbs unless the presence of impassable roots prevented achieving that depth.

Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites During the geomorphological survey, six backhoe trenches were excavated within Survey Area A (see Figure 31). These tests revealed multiple horizons consisting of flood- deposited sediments interlaced with horizons associated with formerly exposed surfaces that resulted from periods of stability. All stratums associated with periods of stability were examined for cultural deposits in keeping with the Mn/DOT Deep Test Protocol.

Two trenches (A4 and A5) produced evidence for a historical-period artifact scatter at a depth of 50 to 80 cmbs. No additional historical-period artifacts were encountered within during the geomorphological survey, and all backhoe trenches within Survey Area A were negative for precontact period cultural materials. See the geomorphology survey report (Kolb 2008) for a more detailed discussion of these excavations.

1 These shallow finds consisted of three large fish bones and one mammal bone. Due to the lack of associated cultural materials in this test or bracketing tests, as well as the absence of cut marks on the bones, and the proximity of these remains to an eagle nest, these finds are considered non-cultural and no further testing is recommended. WET DISTURBED B A Project APE WET

WET DISTURBED (embankment)

DISTURBED WET (Saunder's Marina)

DISTURBED DISTURBED (embankment) D (wetland construction)

WET

WET WET

WET C

WET

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Survey Areas - North APE Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 30 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota N 0 meters 100 0 feet 400

Hastings Quadrangle (1993) and Prescott Quadrangle (1993), USGS 7.5 Minute Series Project APE Survey Area A WET

Hastings Road

Trench A-1 WET

Survey Area B

ROAD DITCH Trench A-2

Trench B-9 Trench A-3

ROAD DITCH Historical Period Artifact Scatter A T1 ST10 WET WET

Trench B-8

T2 ST12 T1 ST13 Trench B-7 X Trench A-4 KEY

X Historical-Period Artifact Scatter Trench A-5 Shovel Test - Negative T2 ST16 X Shovel Test - Positive for X Historical-Period Artifacts Trench A-6 Backhoe Trench - Negative N X T2 ST18 Backhoe Trench - Positive for X Historical-Period Artifacts

Limestone Blocks

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Survey Areas A and B - Results Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 31 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota 0 meters 50 0 feet 200

Prescott Quadrangle (1993), USGS 7.5 Minute Series TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 47

Identified Resources and Recommendations Occasional shovel tests within Survey Area A yielded random historical-period artifacts including pieces of Styrofoam, plastics, and colorless glass from within the upper 50 cm. These materials were noted, but due to the recent nature of these materials, the tests that produced these finds were not bracketed.

Historical-Period Artifact Scatter A (50-80 cmbs) Seven tests within the southern half of Test Area A produced historical-period artifacts from between 50 and 80 cmbs (see Figure 31). These tests included T1 ST10, which produced brick crumbles (3) and iron fragments (3) (50-60 cmbs), and T2 ST12, which also yielded brick crumbles (2) (50-70 cmbs). Of the bracketing tests around these find spots, T1 ST10 N5 contained colorless bottle glass pieces (2) (50-65 cmbs), while T2 ST12 W5 contained mammal bone fragments (4) (60-80 cmbs), and T2 ST12 E5 produced an additional brick crumble (1) (50-70 cmbs). T2 ST16 and T2 ST18 each produced a single wire nail at 50-70 cmbs and 50-60 cmbs, respectively. These finds were associated with a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty sand to silty loam horizon. Artifacts were also encountered within this horizon during testing for deeply buried sites. Trench A4 produced brick crumbles (2), colorless bottle glass fragments (2), a glass sherd with a finished edge (1), a bone (1), and coal pieces (2) between 50 and 80 cmbs. Trench A5 produced a piece of coal slag at 70-80 cmbs. The generally uniform depth of this historical-period scatter and its association with a consistent horizon indicates that it is associated with a single period of deposition. Diagnostic materials were limited, but the presence of wire nails indicates a post-1890 date of origin. The highly fragmented nature of the artifacts is consistent with material that has been repeatedly plowed.

Two shovel tests, T1 ST13 and T2 ST12 S5, produced historical-period artifacts at a depth of approximately 95 cmbs. These materials included a piece of cloudy curved glass from T1 ST13, and a single stoneware sherd from T2 ST12 S5. In T1 ST13 a dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty sand was present at that depth, while in T2 ST12 S5 that depth was associated with a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty sand. The lack of additional materials in neighboring tests from these depths, as well as an absence of materials in these horizons in test trenches excavated proximate to these finds, indicates that these materials are likely associated with the artifact concentration encountered at 50-80 cmbs in other tests, or represent a very light artifact scatter of slightly greater depth.

Documentary research suggests that this parcel was not occupied prior to 1921. No structures are indicated on the 1901 plat map of Denmark Township, and the parcel was owned from that period through 1921 by Balthasar Steffen, who resided in the City of Hastings and operated a brewery in town (Northwest Publishing Company 1901; United States Bureau of the Census 1900; WCDR). From 1921 to 1938, the parcel was the property of Harry and Susan Weldon, a Mdewakanton Sioux family (WCDR; United States Bureau of Indian Affairs 1930). In 1930, the Weldon family is recorded on the census of Denmark Township and the historical-period artifact scatter likely resulted

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from their occupation of the parcel (United States Bureau of the Census 1930). In 1938, the Weldons sold the parcel to Peter Birchen (WCDR). According to aerial photographs and landowner communication, structures formerly located on the parcel were situated at the south end of the property in the area since disturbed by the creation of Saunder’s Marina. Based on the depth, distribution, and highly-fragmented nature of the cultural material recovered within Test Area A, the artifact scatter may have resulted from the removal of the Weldon structure and the subsequent plowing of that material during the Steffen occupation.

During archaeological and geomorphological testing within Survey Area A, Historical- Period Artifact Scatter A was encountered. Due to the sparse nature of this scatter, the lack of associated diagnostic materials or features, and the poor preservation of the recovered artifacts, the research potential of these materials is limited. A site number was not assigned to this scatter and no further archaeological work is recommended at this location.

Survey Area B Survey Area B is a wooded parcel bound to the west by the former Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road, to the east by embankments associated with TH 61 and Spiral-View Road, to the north by a low, wet slough, and to the south by the intersection of the Hastings Road and Spiral-View Road (see Figure 30). This generally level area is covered in woods consisting primarily of cottonwood trees, but also oaks. The average tree diameter is approximately 10 in. with occasional larger specimens of cottonwood interspersed. The understory is stinging nettle, and sediment and water-born trash is evident on the surface indicating occasional flood periods. Due to the combination of the raised Hastings Road roadbed and the embankments of TH 61 and Spiral-View Road, storm water runoff from TH 61 pools in this area. As a result, the water table was encountered more frequently in shovel tests within Area B than in Area A, and some portions of Survey Area B could not be shovel tested due to standing water.

Phase I Archaeological Survey Survey of Area B commenced with the excavation of 10 shovel tests spaced at a 15-m interval along a generally north-south transect that paralleled the Hastings Road (see Figure 31). The eleventh shovel test on Transect 1 was placed to the south of a low, wet area near the intersection of the Hastings Road and Spiral-View Road. A second, parallel transect of seven shovel tests was excavated to the east of the initial transect. Shovel tests along the second transect were excavated at a distance of 15 m to the east of the initial transect. The third through fifth shovel tests along the second transect were not excavated due to the presence of a low, inundated area. Within Survey Area B, the water table was encountered at an average depth of 86 cmbs in thirteen shovel tests.

The typical soil profile along Transect 1 of Area B consisted of an average of 15 cm of a black (10YR 2/1) to a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam over a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty sand that continued to an average depth of 36 cmbs. The soil then transitioned to a light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) to very pale brown (10YR 7/3), sand, often with darker colored bands that continued to TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 49

an average depth of 65 cmbs, before transitioning to a dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) to brown (10YR 5/3) moist sand that continued until either the water table or 100 cmbs was reached.

The typical soil profile along Transect 2 of Area B consisted of an average of 19 cm of a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam over yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand and gravel, with light and dark mottling/banding that continued to an average depth of 26 cmbs. The soil then transitioned to bands of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), brown (10YR 4/3), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silts and sands that continued until either the water table or 100 cmbs was reached. In two tests (T2 ST2 and T2 ST8) after the yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand and gravel, the soil transitioned to a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay to clay that continued to an average depth of 49 cmbs before transitioning to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist silty sand that continued until either the water table or 100 cmbs was reached.

All shovel tests within Survey Area B were negative for cultural materials.

Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites During the geomorphological survey, three backhoe trenches were excavated within Survey Area B (see Figure 31). These tests revealed banded silts and sands interlaced with horizons associated with formerly exposed surfaces that resulted from periods of stability. All stratums associated with periods of stability were examined for cultural deposits in keeping with the Mn/DOT Deep Test Protocol.

All backhoe trenches within Survey Area B were negative for cultural materials. See the geomorphology survey report (Kolb 2008) for a more detailed discussion of these excavations.

Identified Resources and Recommendations

Limestone Blocks from Hastings Spiral Bridge During the survey of Area B, five partially buried limestone blocks were observed within the southern point of the test area (see Figures 31 and 32). Three of these blocks were 3 ft. square, one was slightly larger at 3.2 ft. square, and one was slightly smaller at 2.7 ft. square. One of the 3 ft. square blocks had a fully exposed thickness of 1 ft., while the larger 3.2 ft. square block was 20 in. thick. Remnants of mortar were visible on the surface of two of the blocks. The skewed and haphazard distribution of the blocks indicates that they are no longer in situ. The excavation of Trench B-7 immediately adjacent to one of the blocks confirmed that the block was associated with a lens of displaced subsoil that was deposited simultaneously with the block.

These limestone blocks are consistent with those that were used to support the piers of the Hastings Spiral Bridge (1895-1951) on both the north and south side of the Mississippi River, and the limestone is identical in texture and treatment to that used in the foundation of the spiral bridge support preserved within Hastings’ Levee Park (MHS TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 50

FIGURE 32. LIMESTONE BLOCK FROM SPIRAL BRIDGE WITHIN TEST AREA B

FIGURE 33. LIMESTONE SUPPORTS OF SPIRAL BRIDGE PIERS, C. 1895, VIEW TO NORTH

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 51

Negative No. 29231 [Detail]) (Figure 33). The blocks encountered within Area B appear to be remnants of the piers that supported the north side of the bridge, and which were deposited in this area when the Spiral Bridge was dismantled in 1951.

As these blocks do not retain their integrity of location or setting, they are not regarded as eligible for listing in the NRHP, and no further archaeological testing is recommended within Survey Area B. However, as the spiral bridge is an iconic symbol for the City of Hastings, these blocks may be of interest to the City or Mn/DOT for reuse, integration, or interpretation in future projects.

Survey Area C Survey Area C is a wooded parcel located on a raised bar of land formed between the Mississippi River to the south and an intermittently inundated slough to the north. Area C encompasses the entirety of that portion of the bar located to the west of the right of way of the Canadian Pacific Railway (see Figure 30). This generally level area is covered in woods consisting primarily of cottonwoods, maples, and oaks. The average tree diameter is approximately 12-14 in. with occasional large specimens of cottonwood interspersed. The understory is stinging nettle, and sediment and water-born trash is evident on the surface indicating occasional flood periods. The areas to the north, west, and south of the bar are seasonally inundated.

Phase I Archaeological Survey Survey of Area C commenced with the excavation of thirty-seven shovel tests spaced at 15-m intervals along six east-west transects (Transects 1-6) (Figure 34). These transects commenced at the west point of the upland portion of the bar and proceeded eastward until extensive surface disturbance was evident, which was marked in part by the location a generally north-south buried utility line. Transect 1 consisted of eight shovel tests and ran from the western point of the bar to the southeastern edge of the bar where shoreline dunes and a wet area were encountered. Transect 2 consisted of five shovel tests and was placed 10 m south of Transect 1 and offset one shovel test to the east Transect 2 continued until the southeast edge of the bar was reached. Transect 3 consisted of 10 shovel tests and was placed 10 m to the north of Transect 1 and offset one shovel test to the east. Transect 3 continued until the bar exhibited an undulating terrain indicative of past disturbance. Transect 4 consisted of seven shovel tests and was placed 10 m to the north of Transect 3 and offset four shovel tests to the east. Transect 4 continued until surface disturbance was evident. Transect 5 consisted of five shovel tests and was placed 10 m to the north of Transect 4 and offset two shovel tests to the east. Transect 5 continued until a buried utility route running through the eastern portion of the project area was reached. Transect 6 consisted of two shovel tests and was placed 10 m to the north of Transect 5 and offset three shovel tests to the east. Transect 6 continued until the buried utility route running through the eastern portion of the project area was reached.

The general soil profile of the shovel tests excavated in Area C consisted of an average of 10 cm of a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty loam overlaying mixed bands of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), brown (10YR 5/3), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt and sand alluvium. TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 52

Beneath these upper banded alluviums, a black (10YR 2/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy silt to silty loam horizon was encountered. Although this darker horizon appeared and continued to varying depths across the landform, it was encountered at an average depth of 65 cmbs and continued to an average depth of 95 cmbs. This stratum was present to a depth of 100 cmbs or deeper in 21 tests. In the tests where this horizon ended before 100 cmbs, it overlay additional banded sands and silts.

All shovel tests within Survey Area C were negative for precontact period cultural materials, although several tests within the west-central portion of the bar produced historical-period materials (Historical-Period Artifact Scatter B), which are discussed below in further detail.

Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites During the geomorphological survey, ten backhoe trenches were excavated within Survey Area C (see Figure 34). These tests revealed banded silts and sands interlaced with horizons associated with formerly exposed surfaces that resulted from periods of stability. All stratums associated with periods of stability were examined for cultural deposits in keeping with the Mn/DOT Deep Test Protocol. See the geomorphology survey report (Kolb 2008) for a more detailed discussion of these excavations.

The excavation of Trench C-13 within Area C resulted in the documentation of a horizon containing mussel shells and charcoal potentially associated with a precontact-period occupation. The analysis of these finds is presented in the following chapter.

Five backhoe trenches (C-10, C-11, C-17, C-18, and C-19) also resulted in the identification of site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) –a late nineteenth century domestic artifact scatter and associated river landing. For more information on the archaeological investigations at this site, see the chapter dedicated to the discussion of site 21WA0107.

Trench C-10 also produced deeply buried faunal remains from 220-240 cmbs. The analysis of these remains is discussed below in further detail.

Bucket-Auger Tests Due to the presence of the mussel shell and charcoal scatter within Trench C-13, the trench was bracketed with 12 10-cm-diameter bucket-auger tests. A transect of three auger tests spaced at 5-m intervals was excavated to the north, east, south, and west of the trench. The results of this testing is incorporated into the following chapter.

The extent of the deeply buried historical-period site 21WA0107 (Mitchell) was also further delineated through the excavation of 25 bucket-auger tests. The results of this testing is provided in the chapter dedicated to the discussion of site 21WA01017.

Sudrs (Saunder

X X Historical-Period Artifacts for Backhoe TrenchPositive - Shells andCharcoal Backhoe Trench -PositiveforMussel Backhoe TrenchNegative - Period Artifacts Shovel Test -PositiveforHistorical- Shovel TestNegative - Scatter Historical-Period Artifact Mussel ShellandCharcoalScatter Archaeological Site(21WA0107) KEY Trench D-23 hs n IAcaooia netgtos Figure34 Survey Area Dakota and Washington Counties,Minnesota Phase IandII Archaeological Investigations TH 61HastingsBridge Project

Trench D-2

Marina) 0 D AND I S SU T U U RFA RBAN TILITIE C E C S E

Tr DI e n Trench D-22 S c h D-2 urve 1 y Area D Spiral Bridge Alignment Trench (1895-1951) C -1 6 Ar Historical Period Trench t if act

0 feet 200 C Scatte WET -1 0 meters50 5 r T2 ST1 B Trench X T1 S Trench C T -1 5 4 C T2 -1

SURFACE DISTURB SURFACE S S T 4 M Ch T4 X X X usse T1 a S r T T coa S Trench 3 3 Survey Area C Survey Area T l

Hastings Quadrangle (1993)andPrescott Quadrangle (1993),USGS7.5MinuteSeries 7 S S l T h Scatter 6 e ll

C ANCE a -1 n d 2

N D SU I S RFA T Trench U RBAN C E C CE -1

Project APE

X X 8 Trench S Trench C-10 i Trench C-11 Trench C-19 te 21WA C -1 7 0 s CandD-Results 1 07 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 53

Identified Resources and Recommendations

Mussel Shell and Charcoal Scatter During archaeological and geomorphological testing within Survey Area C, a scatter of mussel shell and charcoal was encountered at a depth of 170-220 cmbs within a 25-x-35- m area. A sample of the charcoal returned a radiocarbon date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP). During the current investigations, no artifacts were recovered in association with these deposits, and a site number was not assigned to these finds. A Phase II investigation is recommended to assess whether the scatter is the result of human activities.

The analysis of these materials is presented in the following chapter.

21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) During deep site testing within Survey Area C, a late nineteenth century domestic artifact scatter and an associated river landing were documented at the east end of the bar within Survey Area C. This site is recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D for its information potential. A Phase II evaluation of this site is recommended in order to determine the extent of the associated deposits and their context (e.g., sheet refuse vs. an in-filled cellar depression).

A detailed discussion of site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) is provided in a separate chapter.

Historical-Period Artifact Scatter B (65-95 cmbs) Six shovel tests within the west-central portion of Survey Area C produced historical- period artifacts from within a black (10YR 2/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy silt to silt loam horizon encountered at an average depth of 65 cmbs and continuing to an average depth of 95 cmbs (see Figure 34). Among these tests were two tests along Transect 1 including T1 ST5, which produced brick crumbles (9), mortar (1), and foil (1) (70-90 cmbs); and T1 ST7, which also produced a piece of foil (92-97 cmbs). Two tests along Transect 2 were positive for historical-period artifacts including T2 ST1, which produced a sherd of ironstone (1) at approximately 98 cmbs, and T2 ST4, which yielded a fragment of a red clay pigeon (1) at approximately 65 cmbs. The final two shovel tests containing historical period artifacts associated with this scatter included T3 ST6, which contained brick crumbles (3) (90-100 cmbs), and T4 ST3, which produced red clay pigeon fragments (2) (90-100 cmbs).

This scatter was also documented during testing for deeply buried sites. Trench C-13 produced red clay pigeon fragments (2) (65-100 cmbs). Bucket-auger tests bracketing Trench C-13, also encountered aspects of this scatter including mortar fragments (3) in Auger Test A31 (75-90 cmbs), a red clay pigeon fragment from both Auger Test A32 (45-100 cmbs) and A41 (110-120 cmbs), as well as a piece of light brown bottle glass in Auger Test A41 (110-120 cmbs). Trench C-14 also produced unidentifiable nail fragments (2) and a piece of wire (1) (95-115 cmbs).

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Based on the presence of foil, as well as red clay pigeon fragments, and a sherd of ironstone, this historical-period artifact scatter located in the west central portion of the bar post-dates the late-nineteenth century, and is likely of twentieth-century origin. Documentary research indicates that the parcel on which this material was found was the property of members of the Morey family from 1893-1940 and that their residence was located at a distance from this scatter to the west of the road to the spiral bridge and near the old ferry landing (Northwest Publishing Company 1901; WCDR). Therefore, these materials appear to be general sheet refuse not associated with a distinct historical context.

Due to the sparse nature of this scatter, the lack of an associated historical context, and an absence of associated features, the research potential of these materials is limited. A site number was not assigned to this scatter and no further archaeological investigations of this scatter are recommended.

Deeply Buried Faunal Remains in Trench C-10 During the excavation of backhoe Trench C-10, faunal remains were recovered from a depth of 220-240 cmbs. These bone fragments were associated with a dark gray (10YR 4/1) to dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), silty clay loam horizon. This horizon was encountered in neighboring backhoe trenches C-11 and C-19, as well as in bracketing bucket-auger tests, but these investigations did not produce any additional faunal remains or cultural material from within the associated horizon.

The faunal remains collected from within Trench C-10 consist of six fragments of five separate elements. All remains are deer limb bones and a minimum of one individual is represented. Elements present included an intact left calcaneum and a tarsal. Fragments of a left metatarsal, right humerus, and a fibula were also recovered. The humerus exhibits fine cut marks consistent with a metal blade at disarticulation points.

The tarsal was submitted to Beta Analytic as a bone collagen sample for radiocarbon dating using the AMS technique in order to verify whether the faunal remains were associated with a precontact period occupation (Table 3) (Appendix B). The sample underwent collagen extraction with alkali prior to processing. The CALIB (Rev. 5.0.1) computer program was used to calibrate the returned date. The probability option of CALIB was used so that specific date ranges could be evaluated in terms of their overall chance of occurring. While both the 1-sigma (68.3%) and 2-sigma (95.4 %) probability ranges are provided in Table 4, the 2-sigma ranges will be used in this interpretation. When calibrated, the accepted 2-sigma date range for the faunal sample is 1462-1642 AD (488-308 BP).

As the radiocarbon date returned is bordering on 500 years of age, the accuracy of the date is problematic. The radiocarbon date rules out the possibility that the remains are associated with a deeply buried precontact period occupation, but could date from the contact period to the present. The stratigraphic position of these materials at 230-240 cmbs well below a late-nineteenth century deposit at 45-65 cmbs, does suggest that they may considerably predate that period even within an area where flood episodes TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 55

TABLE 3. SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR RADIOCARBON SAMPLES FROM TRENCH C-10 Lab Number Provenience Material Dated Weight (grams) Beta - 248162 Trench C-10 (220-240 cmbs) Bone collagen 7.4

TABLE 4. RADIOCARBON DATES FROM TRENCH C-10* Measured Conventional Radiocarbon Radiocarbon Calibrated Dates Calibrated Dates Age 13C/12C Age 1-Sigma 2-Sigma Lab Number (RYCBP) Ratio (RYCBP) (68.3 %) P (95.4 %) P Beta - 340±40 -21.3 810±40 1554-1633 AD .66 1462-1642 AD 1.00 248162 1487-1527 AD .34 * The data in the first three columns were provided by Beta Analytic, Inc. Measured Radiocarbon Age is the date of the sample uncorrected for the 13C/12C ratio, while the Conventional Radiocarbon Age is the result of having applied the 13C/12C corrections to the measured age. The 1-sigma and 2-sigma probability ranges were calculated by inputting the Conventional Radiocarbon Age into the CALIB 5.0.1 program, while the P column represents the probability associated with each range. The accepted date range for the sample under the 2-sigma value is in bold.

can result in rapid stratigraphic buildup. While the cut marks present on the bones indicate that they are related to a human event, as no cultural materials were encountered in association with the faunal remains, the period of the bones deposition cannot be determined with certainty. As these remains lack associated cultural material, and cannot be assigned to a historical context, the research potential of these materials is limited. A site number was not assigned to these remains and no further archaeological investigations of this scatter are recommended.

Survey Area D

Geomorphological Survey for Deeply Buried Sites Survey Area D is a segment of shoreline currently occupied by Hub’s Landing and Marina. Due to the number of structures, utilities, and other disturbances in this area, Survey Area D did not undergo shovel testing. Rather, four backhoe trenches were excavated within this area during the geomorphological survey (see Figure 34). These trenches revealed modern fill varying in depth from 50 to 200 cmbs. Fill layers gave way to sand or banded silts and sands. No stratums were encountered with archaeological potential, and no cultural deposits were observed during testing. See the geomorphology survey report (Kolb 2008) for a more detailed discussion of these excavations.

Results and Recommendations During archaeological and geomorphological testing within Survey Area D, no cultural materials were documented. Based on these findings, no further archaeological investigations are recommended within Survey Area D.

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APE TO THE SOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER To the south of the Mississippi River, archaeological testing was limited to open spaces devoid of standing structures and underground utilities. These areas included spaces currently used as parking lots, loading docks, roadways, and lawns.

Based on the results of the literature search six parcels were recommended for archaeological testing (Table 5). Due to the extent of disturbance to the existing bituminous surfaces that this testing would require, Mn/DOT requested that archaeological investigations of three of these parcels be postponed until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts in this area. At the time of this report, landowner permission had not yet been granted for a fourth test area. Therefore, a Phase I/II archaeological investigation of four of these lots is recommended pending finalization of the project’s construction limits (see Table 5).

The results of initial soil borings, as well as a work summary for the two parcels that underwent archaeological investigations is provided below.

TABLE 5. PARCELS RECOMMENDED FOR PHASE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Block Lot (s) Ownership, Current Use Investigation Status Recommendation 4 2-4 Xcel Energy, driveway and open space No survey Additional Work (no permission) (Phase I/II) 5 1 H.D. Hudson Manufacturing, loading Soil borings and No further work dock Phase I Survey 5 7 & 8 H.D. Hudson Manufacturing, parking Soil borings and Eligible (East Lot) Phase I/II Survey (Site 21DK0081) 6 6 & 7 H.D. Hudson Manufacturing, parking Soil borings Additional Work (West Lot) (Phase I/II) 12 3 & 4 First National Bank, parking Soil borings Additional Work (Phase I/II) 12 5 Haley Fireplace Store, parking Soil borings Additional Work (Phase I/II)

Soil Borings The archaeological evaluation of survey areas to the south of the Mississippi River commenced with the use of a truck-mounted Geoprobe® to extract 4.5 cm (1.75 inch) diameter cores in order to determine if strata were present within the APE that had the potential to contain archaeological resources. Thirty-two soil borings were conducted within the project APE to the south of the river (Figure 35). These tests revealed that the area to the north of the Hudson Manufacturing building, which is currently occupied by a loading dock access road and City trail, was extensively disturbed by a former railroad grade. Likewise, the Vermillion Street alignment below the existing bridge deck was disturbed to bedrock. These findings indicate that these study areas do not have the potential to contain intact significant archaeological resources, and can be eliminated from further testing. Soil borings in the remaining open lots, though, indicate that those parcels have the potential to contain intact historical-period archaeological resources. Project APE

Block 5, Lot 1 (Part)

DISTURBED (Railroad) DISTURBED (Railroad) x x x x Block 6, Lots 6 and 7 xx x x Block 4, Lots 2-4 (Parts), xx x x x x x Vermillion St., and Levee x x x x x x x 2nd Street Block 5, Lot 7 (Part) and Lot 8 (Part) x x x x Block 12, Lot 3 (Part) x x and Lot 4 (Part) x x Ramsey Street x Sibley Street 3rd Street Block 12, Lot 5

TH 61 Street / Vermillion KEY Block 21, Lot 2 (Part) Survey Areas x Soil Boring 4th Street Soil Boring - Potential for x Precontact Archaeology Eddy Street

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project South APE - Soil Borings Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 35 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota N

0 feet 500

2008 Aerial Photograph, Dakota County TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 58

Furthermore, borings within two test areas indicated the presence of intact soils above the bedrock that may contain intact precontact-period archaeological resources. These borings were located within Lots 7 and 8 of Block 5 (Hudson Manufacturing’s East Lot) Lots 6 and 7 of Block 6 (Hudson Manufacturing’s West Lot).

Block 5, Lot 1 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Loading Dock) Within Lot 1 of Block 5, which is located to the north of an alley and to the west of Vermillion Street, H. D. Hudson Manufacturing has a loading dock with four bays (see Figure 11). The approach to these bays is an asphalt-covered lot. Historically, the southern portion of this lot was occupied by a structure prior to 1857 through at least 1867, while the northern portion of the lot was the site of a grain elevator. The central portion of this lot, though, remained open and undeveloped. Two soil borings (Borings 34 and 35) were pushed in this lot. The westernmost boring (#34) was shallow to bedrock, while the easternmost boring (#35) went 50 cm to bedrock through layers of coarse sand and gravel, cinders, silty sand, and sand over bedrock.

Phase I Archaeological Survey Archaeological testing of this lot commenced with the stripping of the bituminous surface and any underlying gravel base. An approximately 4-ft.-wide buffer was retained adjacent to the existing buildings, and a 12-x-12 ft. area was retained around an electrical pole and gas line in the southwest corner of the lot (Figures 36 and 37). Within the east half of the lot, bedrock was encountered just below the asphalt, and across the majority of the lot excavations were quite shallow (10-20 cm) to bedrock with the thickness of the asphalt itself accounting for an average of 10 cm of that depth. It was apparent that the bedrock surface had been previously graded to create a level surface for the lot thereby removing any potential archaeological deposits. Furthermore, in the northeast corner of the lot the bedrock had been dug into and backfilled either during the construction of the current building or one of the previous elevators. Within the northwest corner of the lot a concrete pad was documented that measured approximately 11 ft. from east to west and 13 ft. from north to south (see Figures 36 and 38). The location of this pad, its dimensions, and its construction were consistent with the grain elevator’s iron clad office building that was constructed after the 1891 fire. Rebar ties were evident across the surface of the pad.

After the initial backhoe stripping, the exposed surface underwent a systematic close- interval (<1-m) pedestrian survey during which historical-period artifacts were collected, but no precontact materials were observed. Within the west-central portion of the lot, and within an roughly 4 m square area, an approximately 5 cm thick ash layer over a thin 2-5 cm thick very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam was present (see Figure 36). The ash lens may have resulted from the 1891 or 1899 fires that impacted this block. Associated with this small, but apparent remnant of intact deposits were domestic artifacts.

During the pedestrian survey, 268 artifacts were collected from the surface of the lot. The majority (109) of these finds were fasteners including machine-cut nails (67), wire nails (31), indeterminate nail fragments (8), bolts (2), and a screw (1). Fragments of flat

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FIGURE 36. LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 AFTER ASPHALT STRIPPING, VIEW TO NORTH

FIGURE 37. CONCRETE SLAB OF THE GRAIN ELEVATOR’S FORMER OFFICE BUILDING (1891-C. 1910), VIEW TO NORTH

H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (Extant) hs n IAcaooia netgtos Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota Phase IandII Archaeological Investigations TH 61HastingsBridgeProject

Gas Unexcavated (Bituminous) Layer Ash (11-x-13 ft.) Concrete Unexcavated (Bituminous) Pad (Average of10-20cmBelow Brick Unexcavated (Bituminous)

Surface of Asphalt) Bedrock Edge Bedrock Bedrock ALLEY Trench (fill)

Building Copper Pip Copper

0 meters5 es N Unexcavated Two PinesResource Group, Field Notes,2008 (Bituminous)

Block 5,Lot1-SketchMap Berm 3' Limestone Foundation Water Tank Figure38 (c.1911) for

VERMILLION STREET TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 61

window glass (56) were also abundant. Other building materials including porcelain electrical resistor fragments (7), and a reinforcing rod (1) were also present. Ceramics included plain ironstone sherds (27), ironstone sherds with gilding around the interior rim (4), and an ironstone sherd with a light blue transfer print (1), as well as a piece of plain porcelain (1). One ironstone sherd exhibited the mark of the Homer Laughlin pottery dating it to the period 1900-1970. Bottle glass included colorless fragments (29), as well as amethyst (1), green (2), and milk glass (1) fragments. Faunal remains included a bird bone (1), and a mammal bone (1). Children’s toys were present including a small porcelain doll’s arm (1), a glass marble (1), and a blue glazed Bennington crockery marble (1). Other personal items included fragments of a white ball clay pipe stem (2), a fragment of a shell button with a sunken face and a flat back (1), and a 4-hole porcelain Prosser button (1). Unidentifiable metal fragments (17) and some coal fragments (3) completed the surface collection.

Subsequent to the pedestrian survey, the surface of the bedrock was scraped in order to expose any subsurface features excavated into the bedrock. Four potential features were flagged for further investigation and their contents screened. Two of these anomalies proved to be shallow (< 5 cm deep) natural pockets in the surface of the bedrock that had protected cultural material from previous grading efforts. One of these pockets contained pieces of window glass (6), machine-cut nails (4), a wire nail (1), a plain ironstone sherd (1), and a sherd of brown stoneware (1). The other pocket contained window glass fragments (10), machine-cut nails (6), plain ironstone sherds (8), and sherds from a hand- painted, flow-blue decorated earthenware vessel having a scalloped edge, embossed design, and overglaze gilding (11), milk glass fragments (2), a piece of colorless bottle glass (1), and indeterminate faunal fragments (2).

The third pocket extended approximately 30 cm (12 in.) into bedrock and had a base diameter of approximately 15 cm (6 in.). The size of this opening indicated a possible posthole. Artifacts contained within this pocket included flat window glass fragments (10), machine-cut nails (21), a plain ironstone sherd (1), a brown stoneware sherd (1), green bottle glass fragments (3), aqua bottle glass fragments (2), a hand sawn beef bone (1), and an indeterminate faunal fragment (1).

The fourth pocket in the bedrock was a generally circular pit being 50 cm (20 in.) in diameter and cut 70 cm (28 in.) into the bedrock (Figure 39). The base of the pit was hexagonal. The bedrock was undercut on the side of the pit towards the river indicating that the feature may have functioned as a drain. The fill within this pit was a consistent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), sandy loam with limestone fragments and cinders. Among the 48 artifacts collected from this pit were machine-cut nails (17), flat window glass fragments (4), plain ironstone sherds (10), a purple transfer-printed whiteware sherd (1), a gray salt-glazed stoneware sherd (1), a fragment of a flanged colorless bottle lip (1), green bottle glass fragments (2), an amber bottle glass fragment (1), a table knife fragment (1), a 5/8 in. “D” harness buckle (1), unidentifiable metal fragments (5), a hand sawn beef bone (1), and indeterminate faunal fragments (3).

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FIGURE 39. PIT WITHIN LOT 1 OF BLOCK 5 (SCALE IS 20 CM)

Synthesis Architectural artifacts encountered within Lot 1 of Block 5 indicate the presence of a former structure on this parcel. The number of nails encountered and the predominant use of those of a machine-cut variety indicate that the structure was a wood-frame building pre-dating the 1880s. This finding is consistent with the documented presence of a structure on the southern portion of the lot from approximately 1857 through at least 1867. Some of the materials collected are consistent with this period of occupation and are largely domestic in nature. Among these artifacts were those associated with children, such as the Bennington clay marble and the porcelain arm of a doll. Other artifacts, though, are much later including a plain ironstone sherd bearing a post-1900 Homer Laughlin pottery mark. These materials were likely generated by the workers at the grain elevator as there were no other residences in the vicinity of the lot during that period. Due to this mixing of materials, and the lack of stratified deposits, it is only possible to assign artifacts to general time periods based on their method of manufacture, but not to link them to any particular occupation in such a way that would allow meaningful research questions to be addressed.

Results and Recommendations Archaeological excavations within Lot 1 of Block 5 determined that this lot had been extensively impacted by past construction activities and that pre-1900 archaeological deposits were limited to small pockets of debris. Due to the poor integrity of these deposits, the lack of associated features, and an inability to associate these materials with a particular occupation, the research potential of the artifacts collected from Lot 1 of

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Block 5 is limited. A site number was not assigned to these materials and no further archaeological work is recommended within this lot.

Block 5, Lots 7 and 8 (H. D. Hudson Manufacturing- East Lot) On the northwest corner of the intersection of Vermillion Street and 2nd Street, H. D. Hudson Manufacturing maintains a gravel-surfaced parking lot (see Figure 11). Historically, this lot was the former location of the St. John’s Hotel, a neighboring saloon, and a former small shop. The central portion the lot, though, remained open and undeveloped. Two soil borings (Borings 30 and 31) placed within the historically open portion of the lot to the north of the hotel and saloon revealed approximately 10 cm of an apparently intact very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) to black (10YR 2/1) silt loam overlying bedrock. Due to the presence of this intact horizon, and the proximity of this location to the river, the lot was considered to have moderate potential to contain intact precontact archaeological resources in addition to its potential to contain historical-period resources.

Archaeological investigations within this lot including backhoe stripping, pedestrian survey, and shovel testing, revealed intact artifact deposits pre-dating the 1899 Hastings fire, which destroyed the first hotel and saloon at this location. No precontact period materials were encountered. For more information on the archaeological investigations at this site, see the chapter devoted to site 21DK0081 (St. John’s Hotel and Saloon).

Staging Area The separate staging area within Section 21 of Township 115N Range 17W is currently open parkland, but this location was formerly associated with a tank farm (see Figure 1). During the literature search, no historical period archaeological sites were identified in this area. Furthermore, a review of aerial photographs indicates that this area was significantly modified/disturbed between 1937 and 1951 as the shoreline was reworked and the tank farm created. The tank farm was removed between 1991 and 1997. Due to the former use of this proposed staging area as an industrial site, the soils in this area are contaminated and subsurface excavation is not permitted. Even so, due to past disturbance, the staging area is considered to have low potential for containing intact, NRHP-eligible, archaeological sites and testing for surface archaeological deposits is not recommended.

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MUSSEL SHELL AND CHARCOAL SCATTER

INTRODUCTION During the geomorphological survey for deeply buried sites, a pocket of mussel shell and associated charcoal was encountered within Trench C-13. This trench was situated along the north-central portion of a bar located on the north side of the Mississippi River in the S ½ of the SW ¼ of the SE ¼ of Section 7 of Township 26 N, Range 20 W (see Figure 34). To the north of Trench C-13, the landform slopes down into a back channel of the river that is seasonally inundated. Aerial photographs and topographic maps indicate that this landform associated with this find has not been cultivated, and has been wooded for most of the twentieth-century. The bar, though, is occasionally inundated during flood events.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Trench C-13 During the excavation of Trench C-13, a pocket of mussel shell and an associated charcoal scatter was encountered at a depth of 170 cmbs along the west edge of this north-south trench (Feature 1) (Figures 40 and 41). In profile, this deposit of shell was approximately 20 cm across from north to south and approximately 8 cm in depth. The trench was expanded to the east in order to expose the horizontal extent of this deposit,

FIGURE 40. POCKET OF MUSSEL SHELL AND ASSOCIATED CHARCOAL STAIN (FEATURE 1) IN WEST WALL OF TRENCH C-13 (SCALE IS 20 CM)

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FIGURE 41. POCKET OF MUSSEL SHELL IN TRENCH C-13, PLAN VIEW AT 170 CMBS (SCALE IS 20 CM)

which extended 16 cm further to the east. The deposit was associated with the surface of a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, ACb horizon. The associated charcoal stain extended out from the pocket of shell in an approximately 40 cm arc. No cultural materials were observed in association with this feature, nor were any recovered from within a screened sample of the associated matrix.

Ten nearly complete mussel shell halves were collected from Feature 1. Nine of the shells were oblong, solid and heavy shells, consisting of six left valves and three right valves. These nine shells had an average length of 3.1 in. and featured smooth exteriors with a notable posterior ridge. These shells also featured well-developed pseudocardinal teeth, thick lateral teeth, and pearlescent interiors. These specimens had indistinct beaks that were even with the height of the hinge. These characteristics are consistent with the Mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina). This species is found in medium to large rivers, in soft or coarse substrate, and in flowing water (Minnesota DNR 2003:87). It is known to occur in the Minnesota and St. Croix rivers, and in the Mississippi River below St. Anthony Falls (Minnesota DNR 2003:87). The Mucket is currently a threatened species in Minnesota with the largest remaining population found in the St. Croix River drainage (Minnesota DNR 2003:87).

The tenth shell from Feature 1 was a single rounded (2.1 in. diameter) and thick left valve consistent with an Ebonyshell (Fusconaia ebena) mussel. This shell was recovered approximately 20 cm to the east of the main cluster of shell. This species is characterized TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 67

by a solid and heavy shell that is generally smooth with only occasional elevated ridges, very heavy and well-developed pseudocardinal teeth, and serrated and curved lateral teeth. The interior is pearly white becoming iridescent posteriorly (Cummings and Mayer 1992:42). The species is found on a sand, gravel, or mud bottom in large rivers where the water is at least six feet deep and the current is swift (Wisconsin DNR 2008). It is known to occur in the Mississippi, Wisconsin, and St. Croix rivers. The Ebonyshell is currently endangered in Minnesota as its primary host fish, the skipjack herring, has been nearly eliminated in the upper Mississippi by lock and dam construction (Minnesota DNR 2008). Prior to the building of the lock and dam system, the Ebonyshell was the most abundant species in the Mississippi River (Wisconsin DNR 2007).

Bucket-Auger Tests Due to the presence of Feature 1 within Trench C-13, the trench was bracketed with 12 bucket-auger tests (Figure 42). A transect of three auger tests spaced at 5-m intervals was excavated to the north, east, south, and west of the trench. One of these auger tests, A37, which was excavated 15 m to the east of Trench C-13, produced a fragment of a mussel shell at a depth of 120-130 cmbs within a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay. Although this find was shallow compared to Feature 1, an additional six bucket auger tests were placed around Test A37 at 5-m intervals, with two tests each to the north, east, and south. One of these additional tests, Auger Test A38, which was excavated 20 m to the east of Trench C-13, produced a 2 in. diameter left valve of an Ebonyshell mussel from a depth of 185-200 cmbs and from within a dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy clay horizon with gray mottles and containing small shell fragments. Four of the auger tests also contained charcoal flecks at a comparable depth and from within a horizon similar to that of Feature 1. Test A27, which was located 10 m to the north of Trench C- 13, produced charcoal flecks at 165-215 cmbs from within a dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay horizon with gray mottles. Likewise Test A30, which was located 10 m to the south of Trench C-13, yielded charcoal flecks at 170-200 cmbs from within a dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay with gray mottles and containing small shell fragments. Test A32, which was located 5 m to the west of Trench C-13, produced charcoal flecks at 190-220 cmbs from within a dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay with gray mottles and fragments of small shells. Test A36, which was located 10 m to the east of Trench C-13, also yielded charcoal flecks at a depth of 170-220 cmbs from within a dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay with gray mottles.

Through the excavation of these auger tests, an area was defined around Trench C-13 that produced charcoal and/or mussel shell from a depth and horizon consistent with that of Feature 1. The area thus defined is 25 m across from north to south and 35 m across from east to west. No cultural materials were encountered within any of the tests.

RADIOCARBON DATES Two samples from Feature 1 of Trench C-13 were submitted to Beta Analytic for radiocarbon dating using the AMS technique (Table 5) (Appendix B). These submittals consisted of a charcoal sample and a mussel shell half from Feature 1. Pretreatment included acid/alkali/acid for the charcoal and acid etching for the shell. Both radiocarbon TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 68

samples from Trench C-13 returned results (Table 6). The CALIB (Rev. 5.0.1) computer program was used to calibrate the dates. The probability option of CALIB was used so that specific date ranges could be evaluated in terms of their overall chance of occurring. While both the 1-sigma (68.3%) and 2-sigma (95.4 %) probability ranges are provided in Table 4, the 2-sigma ranges will be used in this interpretation. The two samples from Trench C-13, while being taken from the same feature, produced disparate dating results. When calibrated, the accepted 2-sigma date range for the charcoal sample is 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP), while the shell is 60-238 AD (1890-1712 BP). The earlier date for the shell sample may be the result of the mussel incorporating dissolved older carbon from the surrounding environment into its shell (Culleton 2006). In a phenomenon referred to as “reservoir effect” shells from lakes and rivers with limestone catchments, which would be consistent with the Mississippi River channel, have yielded artificially aged radiocarbon dates (www.c14dating.com/corr.html). Due to the breadth of the returned dates, the samples are too significantly different from one another to conduct a sum probability. The mean date for both samples is 580 AD (1370 BP). As the date returned by the shell is suspect to artificial aging, the charcoal date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP) is assumed to be the most probable period associated with the charcoal and shell feature in Trench C-13.

TABLE 6. SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR RADIOCARBON SAMPLES FROM TRENCH C-13 Lab Number Provenience Material Dated Weight (grams) Beta - 248163 Trench C-13 (190 cmbs) Charred Wood 15 (wet) Beta - 248164 Trench C-13 (170-180 cmbs) Shell 31.2

TABLE 7. RADIOCARBON DATES FROM TRENCH C-13* Measured Conventional Radiocarbon Radiocarbon Calibrated Dates Calibrated Dates Age 13C/12C Age 1-Sigma 2-Sigma Lab Number (RYCBP) Ratio (RYCBP) (68.3 %) P (95.4 %) P Beta - 870±40 -28.6 810±40 1153-1220 AD .78 1118-1255 AD .75 248163 1129-1132 AD .02 1043-1106 AD .24 1052-1080 AD .20 Beta - 1870±40 -11.2 2100±40 193-211 AD .15 60-238 AD 1.00 248164 82-172 AD .84 * The data in the first three columns were provided by Beta Analytic, Inc. Measured Radiocarbon Age is the date of the sample uncorrected for the 13C/12C ratio, while the Conventional Radiocarbon Age is the result of having applied the 13C/12C corrections to the measured age. The 1-sigma and 2-sigma probability ranges were calculated by inputting the Conventional Radiocarbon Age into the CALIB 5.0.1 program, while the P column represents the probability associated with each range. The accepted date range for each sample under the 2-sigma values are bold.

A27 - Charcoal A36 - Charcoal (165-215 cmbs) (170-220 cmbs) a A a A32 - Charcoal a A37 - Shell (190-220 cmbs) a (120-130 cmbs) a a A a A A A a

a a A38 - Shell (185-200 cmbs) Trench C-13 A a a A30 - Charcoal (170-200 cmbs)

KEY N Boundary of Mussel Shell and Charcoal Scatter

Backhoe Trench

A Auger Test with Charcoal or Mussel Shell a Auger Test - Negative Mississippi River

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Detail of Vicinity of Trench C-13 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 42 ota and Washington Counties, Minnesota

0 meters 20

2008 Aerial Photograph, Dakota County (2 ft. countour lines) TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 70

CULTURAL CONTEXTS Precontact cultures within Minnesota are divided into four major traditions: Paleoindian; Archaic; Woodland; and Mississippian/Plains Village. These traditions are largely defined by technical innovations or behavioral adaptations that can be observed in the archaeological record, such as physical alterations in the forms and types of material culture (e.g., arrowhead styles or pottery decoration) utilized by a precontact culture, or the adaptation of their subsistence life-ways to a changing landscape (e.g., hunting, gathering, or cultivation).

The returned radiocarbon date from the mussel shell and charcoal scatter of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP) is associated with the Late (Terminal) Woodland and Mississipian/Plains Village traditions. The Minnesota SHPO’s statewide historic contexts for these traditions are summarized below (Dobbs 1990a; Dobbs 1990b; SHPO 1993).

Woodland Tradition (3,000 B.P. – EuroAmerican Contact) Within the last 3,000 years, the climate of the state of Minnesota began to stabilize into an ecology that is very similar to that which exists today. Within the western portion of the state were expansive prairies that were separated from the pine forests of the arrowhead region by a swath of oak savanna that stretched across the state from the northwest to the southeast. In this environment, the native peoples of Minnesota began to develop an increasingly more sedentary lifestyle. While hunting and gathering continued, and was still the primary means of subsistence, the domestication of plants and the long-term, and re-occurring, occupation of seasonal village sites emerged during this period. Tied to this increased stability and regional occupation was the advent of ceramic technology and the construction of mounds and earthworks, which are two of the archaeological signatures of this period. It should be noted that these innovations were not adopted in all areas of the state at the same time or necessarily together.

Archaeologically, Woodland sites tend to be not as deeply buried as Paleoindian and Archaic sites and they are therefore more frequently encountered. The presence of ceramics and distinct tool types also allows Woodland sites to be more definitively attributed to a tradition than non-diagnostic lithic scatters. Therefore, the Woodland period has a more developed chronological framework consisting of an Early, Middle, and Late (Terminal) Woodland sequence based mainly on known ceramic traditions.

Terminal Woodland sites in the southeastern portion of the State are limited in number, and are generally restricted to an area from “Dakota County (or Ramsey?) down the Mississippi River to Houston County, and west to the Blue Earth River valley” (Dobbs 1990a:165). These sites are believed to represent a period of time between the end of the Havana-related cultures and the beginning of the Oneota phase. The recovery of maize from the Nelson Site in Blue Earth County provides evidence of limited cultivation, which supplemented a subsistence base dominated by hunting and gathering. Small notched and unnotched triangular points recovered from Terminal Woodland sites appear

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to correlate with the introduction of the bow and arrow near the end of this period (Dobbs 1990a:165).

Mississippian Tradition/Plains Village (c. 1,000 B.P. – EuroAmerican Contact) Within the southern portion of the state, a new tradition began to develop around 1,000 years ago. Referred to as the Mississippian or Plains Village Tradition, this cultural development has possible ties to cultures of the southern United States and possibly Mexico as well. In particular, this tradition is marked by the intensification of agricultural practices, including the cultivation of corn, and larger and increasingly complex societies. These influences made inroads into southwestern Minnesota where they entered from the Missouri River region and into southeastern Minnesota where they made their way up the Mississippi River.

Archaeologically, Mississippian sites are distinguished from Woodland sites by their distinct ceramic styles, large village complexes, greater artifact density, and the presence of corn/vegetable storage pits. Other noted artifact types include lithic trapezoidal hide scrapers, drills, punches, and bone tools. These groups also constructed effigy mounds in the shape of animals such as birds and snakes, as well as flat-topped mounds and villages encircled by protective palisades. The subsistence strategies of these groups followed a yearly cycle, including spring muskrat camps and sugar maple camps, summer planting villages, autumn deer hunting camps, and winter camps during colder months.

RECOMMENDATION During archaeological and geomorphological testing within Survey Area C, a scatter of mussel shell and charcoal was encountered at a depth of 170-220 cmbs within a 25-x-35- m area. A sample of the charcoal returned a radiocarbon date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP). During the current investigations, no artifacts were recovered in association with these deposits, and a site number was not assigned to these deposits.

While muskrats and other mammals may create small middens of mussel shell like that encountered in Trench C-13 (Minnesota DNR 2003:13), the direct association of these deposits with a deeply-buried stratum also containing charcoal indicates the potential for the mussel to be associated with a precontact period Native American occupation. Based on these findings, a Phase II evaluation of these deposits is recommended to assess whether the scatter is the result of human activities. Due to landowner concerns, additional testing of this resource has been postponed by Mn/DOT until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts in this area.

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21WA0107: MITCHELL SITE

INTRODUCTION During the geomorphological survey for deeply buried sites, a late-nineteenth century artifact scatter, 21WA01017 (Mitchell Site), was encountered in the southeast portion of Survey Area C. This scatter covers an approximately 50-x-70-m area along the south edge of a bar located on the north side of the Mississippi River and in the S ½ of the SW ¼ of the SE ¼ of Section 7 of Township 26 N, Range 20 W (see Figure 34). Aerial photographs and topographic maps indicate that this landform associated with this find has not been cultivated, and has been wooded for most of the twentieth-century. The bar, though, is occasionally inundated during flood events.

This historical-period artifact scatter is associated with a compact, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), silty loam horizon exhibiting charcoal flecking and occasional gravels. This horizon varied considerably in its depth below the current surface due to variations in the amount of alluvium and silt deposited atop the horizon. The horizon also varied considerably in thickness, which may be related to variations in site formation processes or the depositional environment.

This chapter provides a description of the archaeological investigations at site 21WA0107, as well as the results of the artifact analysis, and recommendations for the site.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Trench C-10 The historical-period artifact deposits of site 21WA0107 and their associated horizon was first encountered in Trench C-10 at a depth of 45-65 cmbs (Figure 43). A 20-liter sample from this horizon was screened through ¼-inch mesh and materials observed in the wall of the trench were collected as well. Artifacts collected from this horizon included tin can fragments (36), pieces of white rubber (5), colorless bottle glass fragments (2), complete wire nails (4), fragments of wire nails (4), a fragment of a machine-cut nail (1), a fence staple (1), pieces of mortar (5), a fragment of an asphalt shingle (1), slag (8), and coal (1). Faunal remains included a section of a large mammal bone exhibiting handsaw cut marks (1) and a lower right mandible of a muskrat (1). A

Trench C-11 Trench C-11 was excavated approximately 30 m to the west of Trench C-10 (see Figure 43). Alluvial deposits were much thicker at the top of this trench, but at approximately 160 cmbs the same very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), silty loam horizon documented in Trench C-10 was encountered in Trench C-11. This horizon was much thicker in this trench with cultural material being retrieved to a depth of 240 cmbs. The thickness of this horizon, may indicate that the trench was located within a feature, such as a cellar

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depression. Artifacts recovered from this horizon within Trench C-11 included plain ironstone sherds (8), stoneware sherds (5), fragments of an amethyst patent medicine bottle (2), milk glass (1), aqua bottle glass (1), colorless bottle glass (1), unidentifiable nail fragments (2), a piece of flat glass (1), a fish bone (1), charcoal (2), and slag (1).

Trench C-17 Trench C-17 was excavated approximately 5 m to the south of Trench C-11. The distinct artifact-bearing horizon documented in Trench C-11 was present in this trench at a depth of 160-180 cmbs within the north end of the trench, which was proximate to Trench C- 11. This horizon, though, tapered towards the south and was not present in the south end of Trench C-17. A single, plain ironstone sherd from the rim of a cup was recovered from this horizon.

Trench C-18 Trench C-18 was excavated slightly less than 5 m to the west of Trench C-11. The distinct artifact-bearing horizon documented in Trench C-11 was present throughout this trench at a depth of 120-170 cmbs. Charcoal, brick fragments, and burnt limestone were present in this horizon, but artifacts were noticeably fewer than in Trench C-11. Two plain ironstone sherds were recovered from this horizon.

Trench C-19 Trench C-19 was excavated approximately 5 m to the east of Trench C-11. The distinct artifact-bearing horizon documented in Trench C-11 was present throughout this trench at a depth of 140-170 cmbs. Brick crumbles, foil, limestone fragments, and unidentifiable metal fragments were observed in this horizon.

Bucket-Auger Tests Due to the presence of historical-period deposits within Trenches C-10, C-11, C-17, C- 18, and C-19, 25 bucket-auger tests were set out to bracket the finds (see Figure 43). A transect of three auger tests spaced at 5-m intervals was excavated to the north, east, south, and west of Trench C-10, as well as to the north, east, and west of Trench C-11, and to the east and west of Trench C-17.

This testing revealed a concentration of positive auger tests adjacent to Trench C-10, and another set adjacent to Trench C-11. Four of the bucket-auger tests bracketing Trench C- 10 documented aspects of the scatter (see Figure 43). Auger Test A13 located 5 m to the south of the trench encountered this horizon at 60-75 cmbs, while Auger Tests A14 and A15 located 5 and 10 to the east of Trench C-10 reached the horizon at slightly deeper depths of 75-110 cmbs and 95-110 cmbs, respectively. Auger Test A19 located 5 m to the west of the trench documented artifacts within the horizon at a depth of 40-75 cmbs. These horizons were screened through ¼-inch mesh. These auger tests produced tin can fragments (41), flat glass fragments (12), a prescription lip fragment from a colorless glass bottle (1), a white ball clay pipe bowl fragment (1), colorless bottle glass fragments (3), aqua bottle glass fragments (2), complete wire nails (7), wire nail fragments (9), rivets (2), a headless spike (1), a hook from an eye and hook closure (1), mortar (4), slag SURFACE ROW DISTURBANCE 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) Trench C-10 a (45-65 cmbs)

a A14 - Historics (75-110 cmbsROW ) Trench C-11 a (160-245 cmbs) a BURIED A15 - Historics A1 - Wire Nail A (110-145 cmbs) A A (95-110 cmbs) Trench C-18 a RR A (120-170 cmbs) A13 - Historics RAILROAD TRESTLE A A5 - Historics (60-75 cmbs) (130-150 cmbs) A11 - Glass a a (170-185 cmbs) A19 - Historics ROW CABLE (40-75 cmbs) a A A a A a a

a a a a a a RR A10 - Wire Nail ELIN (160-175 cmbs) Trench C-19 SHORELINE BERM (140-160 cmbs)

ROW

SHORELINE BERM Trench C-17 (160-180 cmbs)

KEY River Landing 21WA0107 Site Boundary

Backhoe Trench (Artifact Depths)

Mississippi River A Positive Auger Test (Artifact Depths)

a Negative Auger Test

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Site 21WA0107 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 43 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota N

0 meters 20

2008 Aerial Photograph, Dakota County (2 ft. countour lines) TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 75

(6), coal (6), and unidentifiable ferrous fragments (21). Other bracketing bucket-auger tests encountered the distinct compact, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), silty loam horizon but artifacts were not present.

Although the horizon that contained the artifact deposits was present in all of the auger tests surrounding Trench C-11, artifacts were only recovered from four tests. Auger Test A1 located 5 m to the north of Trench C-11 produced a single wire nail from a depth of 110-145 cmbs. Auger Test A5 located 10 m to the east of Trench C-11 contained a piece of redware, a piece of coal, and two pieces of slag. Auger Test A10 located 5 m to the west of Trench C-11 contained a single wire nail fragment, while Auger Test A11 located 10 m to the west of Trench C-11 contained a single piece of flat glass.

The results of the archaeological investigations indicate the presence of an historical- period artifact scatter dating to the late nineteenth century in the southeast portion of Survey Area C. The presence of faunal remains, bottle glass, and pottery indicates a probable domestic site.

RIVER LANDING Exploration of the vicinity of the positive backhoe trenches and bucket augers assigned to site 21WA0107 did not reveal any cellar depressions or other surface features, which is not surprising given the amount of alluvium deposited on this bar over time. Directly to the south of Trench C-11, though, a former landing was evident along the north bank of the river (see Figures 43 and 44).

This landing consists of a fan of limestone riprap that is approximately 13 ft. across at its inland apex, and 47 ft. across at the shoreline. This feature is consistent in form with the previously documented nineteenth-century Hastings-Point Douglas ferry landing located to the east of present day Hastings (Terrell 2002:38). Artifacts associated with this landing were limited to a surface scatter in the southeast corner of the fan consisting of a cluster of tie rods (some with washers), and hand-wrought iron spikes (Figure 45). These materials may be related to a former wharf at this location, but more than likely were generated by the removal of the wooden railroad trestle during the first decade of the twentieth century. The presence of these materials on the surface of the landing indicates that the landing predates the removal of the trestle (c. 1900-1910).

ARTIFACT ANALYSIS Backhoe trench excavation and bucket auger tests at site 21WA0107 resulted in the recovery of 244 artifacts. These artifacts are analyzed within the following categories: activities, architectural, faunal, food preparation/consumption, and personal objects. The largest class of materials recovered from site 21WA0107 was architectural artifacts, which make up 30% (74 items) of the assemblage. Artifacts related to activities were a close second in the amount of related materials at 29% (71) artifacts. A total of 60 artifacts were not assigned to a functional group. These artifacts consisted of miscellaneous metal fragments (57), pieces of limestone (2), and a non-cultural lithic (1).

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FIGURE 44. FAN-SHAPED RIVER LANDING AT 21WA0107 (MITCHELL SITE), VIEW TO THE EAST/SOUTHEAST

FIGURE 45. SCATTER OF TIE RODS AND SPIKES ON STHE SURFACE OF THE RIVER LANDING AT 21WA0107 (MITCHELL SITE)

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A complete artifact catalog is provided in Appendix C.

Architectural Of the 74 architectural artifacts recovered from 21WA0107, the majority were wire nails (30). Other types of fasteners including a machine-cut nail (1), nails of an indeterminate type (2), a fence staple (1), and rivets (2) were also included in this class. The assemblage also included several pieces of flat glass (14) consistent with window pane glass. Other building materials present at the site included brick crumbles (12), chunks of mortar (9), a fragment of plaster (1), and pieces of tarpaper (1) and a shingle (1).

Activities The majority of the 68 artifacts assigned to this class were fragments (34) of a tin can. The next largest group of materials was byproducts of heating activities including slag (17), coal (6), and charcoal (3). A hook (1) from a hook and eye closure was also grouped in this category. This class was rounded out by an assortment of metal (2) and rubber (4) objects of indeterminate morphology as well as a piece of cellophane (1).

Food Preparation/Consumption Ceramic artifacts (18) make up the largest portion of the food preparation/consumption functional group. A total of 18 ceramic sherds were recovered, including ironstone sherds (10), stonewares (6), and single sherds of whiteware (1) and redware (1). Ironstone and whiteware sherds were plain and lacking in any form of decorative treatment. The six stoneware sherds appear to all be from a single, thick-lipped mixing bowl with a brown glazed interior and lip, and a tan-salt-glazed exterior. The mark on the base of this vessel in raised lettering reads “MINNE[SOTA STONEWAR]E CO RED WING MINN.” This pottery was in operation from 1883-1906 before merging with two other firms to form the Red Wing Union Stoneware Company. Eight bottle glass fragments were also recovered including two pieces from an embossed medicine bottle with a hand-finished patent lip, as well as two other pieces that appear to be from a colorless embossed medicine bottle. Lettering on both bottles was partial and included an “M…” and the letters “GO…” Other glass fragments recovered included a piece of milk glass (1), a piece of curved blue glass from a bottle or jar (1), and a piece of colorless glass from a bottle or jar. Two pieces of foil complete this category.

Faunal Remains Faunal remains recovered from site 21WA0107were limited in number. Items recovered included a mammal bone fragment exhibiting a hand sawn end, a lower muskrat mandible, a small calcined fish bone fragment, and a small indeterminate bone fragment.

Personal Classified under personal items is a single bowl fragment from a white ball clay pipe recovered from Auger Test A14. This fragment is devoid of markings and is not of sufficient size to determine the shape of the bowl. TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 78

DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH Artifacts recovered from site 21WA0107 were domestic in nature, but background research conducted prior to the archaeological investigations did not reveal any documented structures within that portion of the APE encompassed by Survey Area C. In light of the encountered archaeological resources, additional research was conducted to elucidate the history of this parcel. Further research was conducted using deed records, tax assessment records, census data, and historical photographs.

In support of the presence of a structure at site 21WA0107, an “early 1900s” photograph in the collections of the Hastings Pioneer Room (Image 95.585.1) clearly shows a structure to the west of the railroad trestle (Figure 46). This structure is not present in similar views of the Hastings levee dated “circa 1890s” (MHS Negative No. 19608), and 1911 (MHS Negative No. Runk 1990).

Additional archival research also revealed that on March 3, 1886 Moses Franklin parceled off 4 acres of Government Lot 4 in Section 7 and sold that acreage to Lydia (Lida) F. Mitchell (DCDR). This parcel was described as being a rectangular piece of land situated 23 rods to the east of the road running to the ferry and being 25 rods from north to south, 16 rods across from east to west, and fronting on the river (DCDR; Washington County Assessment Rolls, MHS, SAM 5, Roll 8). The parcel thus described is actually to the immediate west of the finds associated with 21WA0107, but it is the

FIGURE 46. STRUCTURE (CIRCLED) AT 21WA0107 IN THE BACKGROUND OF A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE STEAMBOAT DUBUQUE AT HASTINGS, VIEW TO NORTHEAST Hastings and St. Paul Wagon Road

Approximate Location of Mitchell Parcel 21WA0107

Road to Ferry Landing

Ferry Landing

River Landing Spiral Bridge (1895-1951)

Ferry KEY Landing Hastings Brewing Company

Shoreline 1895

Shoreline 1927

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Mitchell Parcel Location Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 47 N Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota

0 feet 300

Aerial Photograph, 1947, Minnesota DNR; Aerial Photograph, 1927 and 2008, Dakota County; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1895 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 80

only subdivision carved out of the remainder of Government Lot 4, and the artifacts recovered are consistent with a post-1886 occupation (Figure 47).

Lydia Mitchell (no maiden name located) was born in 1858 in West Virginia. Lydia married Augustus Mitchell in Ohio, and they are listed together in Ohio in the 1880 Census (United States Bureau of the Census 1880). Augustus Mitchell was born circa 1851 in Ohio. By 1885 the couple had moved to Hastings, Minnesota, where they are listed on the state census of that year. In 1898, Augustus served in the Spanish American War. Prior to his death on November 19, 1900, he was recorded on the federal census as a widower and residing in the Soldier’s Home in Hennepin County (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). There is no indication in the census records that the Mitchells ever occupied the parcel to the north of the river, although tax records continued to list the property in Lydia’s name well into the twentieth century. In further support of the Mitchells having never occupied the parcel, Lydia’s name appears on the real estate tax assessment records for Washington County from 1886 on, but she does not appear on the personal property tax rolls (MHS, SAM 5 and 6). Therefore, while she owned the land, she does not appear to have personally resided on it, although she may have rented it to someone else who did.

The wedge of land to the east of the Mitchell parcel and to the west of the railroad tracks, on which the majority of site 21WA0107 is located, is a portion of Government Lot 4 that was joined by 1881 with Government Lot 5 to its east and Government Lot 3 to the northwest (WCDR). During the period from 1870-1890 this land was owned by Samuel Harsh, who transferred the land to Balthasar Steffen, who continued to own it through 1932 after which it was transferred to relative Nathan Steffen (WCDR). It is unlikely that Steffen, who resided in the City of Hastings and operated a brewery in town, had a dwelling on the north side of the river (United States Bureau of the Census 1900). Presumably, though, Steffen raised grains on his tracts to the north of the river, and perhaps the river landing associated with 21WA0107 served as a point for shipping those commodities to the brewery located on the opposite shore (see Figure 47). The period of the finds at 21WA0107 would be consistent with Steffen’s founding of the brewery in 1885 and his involvement in the business through 1902 (Doffing 1976:70).

SYNTHESIS The historical-period artifact scatter assigned site number 21WA0107 produced 244 artifacts. These materials were clustered around Trench C-10 and Trench C-11. As these two clusters appear to be associated with the same intact stratum, and the recovered artifacts appear contemporary in nature, they are presently grouped within one site boundary.

Architectural materials present within this site indicate the presence of a former structure. The majority of the nails and window glass were found near Trench C-10. Most of these nails were wire nails indicating a post-1880 period of construction. Household and personal items including patent medicine bottle fragments, plain ironstone sherds, stonewares, and a pipe bowl fragment as well as faunal remains indicate that the site was

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used as a residence. Materials with specific periods of manufacture are limited in the current assemblage, but the general scatter is consistent with a late-nineteenth century occupation. The only significant diagnostic artifact was the base of a stoneware vessel bearing the mark of the Minnesota Stoneware Company of Red Wing, Minnesota, which was in business from 1883 to 1906.

The proximity of the scatter around Trench C-10 to the railroad trestle, though, raises the possibility that this portion of the scatter may have resulted from the removal of a temporary office building, or perhaps worker housing, associated with the rebuild of the trestle during the first decade of the twentieth century. This potential association could not be confirmed through documentary research to date and will require additional documentary research and a Phase II archaeological evaluation to resolve. Likewise, establishing whether the scatter is associated with a brief occupation of the Lydia Mitchell property or is associated with Balthasar Steffen’s brewery operation will also require additional documentary and archaeological research.

RECOMMENDATION During archaeological and geomorphological testing within Survey Area C, an intact late nineteenth century, domestic artifact scatter and an associated river landing were documented at the east end of the bar. Site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) is recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D for its information potential. A Phase II evaluation of this site is recommended in order to determine the extent of the associated deposits and clarify their context (e.g., sheet refuse vs. an in- filled cellar depression) and historical associations (e.g., Lydia F. Mitchell, Balthasar Steffen, and/or railroad related). Due to landowner concerns, additional testing of this resource has been postponed by Mn/DOT until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts in this area.

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21DK0081: ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND SALOON

INTRODUCTION Archaeological investigations within the gravel-surfaced parking lot on the northwest corner of the intersection of Vermillion Street and 2nd Street revealed intact archaeological deposits associated with the former St. John’s Hotel and a neighboring saloon. These features are located within the southern portion of Lots 7 and 8 of Block 5 of the original plat of Hastings, which is currently owned by H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (East Lot) (see Figure 11).

This chapter provides a description of the archaeological investigations at site 21DK0081, as well as the results of the artifact analysis, and recommendations for the site.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Archaeological testing occurred within Lot 8 and commenced with the stripping of the gravel parking lot surface with a backhoe. Fill and demolition layers were also stripped with the backhoe until the original, intact, pre-1899 fire ground surface was encountered at approximately 65 cmbs (25 in.) in the eastern two-thirds of the excavation pit (Figure 48). To the south, backhoe stripping revealed the intact northern limestone foundations of the St. John’s Hotel building constructed in 1900 (see Figures 48 and 49). The interior of the building, which was taken down in 1983 remained unexcavated. To the immediate north of the foundation of the 1900-1983 hotel building were remnants of the limestone foundation of the former saloon that was destroyed by the 1899 fire (see Figures 48 and 49). Upon completion of the backhoe stripping the foundation and any residual material over the pre-1899 surface were cleared by hand.

The intact ground surface to the north of the foundations underwent a systematic close- interval (<1-m) pedestrian survey during which 171 historical-period artifacts were collected, but no precontact materials were observed. Subsequent to the pedestrian survey, three north-south transects of four shovel tests each and spaced at 4-m intervals were excavated across this surface (see Figures 48 and 50). These tests revealed an average of 15 cm of a black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam with dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles, and brick and mortar flecking. This horizon contained historical-period artifacts and was related to the construction and occupation of the hotel and saloon. All tests were positive for historical-period materials and 265 artifacts were collected during shovel testing. This first horizon gave way to a black (10YR 2/1) silt loam directly overlying bedrock. This natural horizon was sterile for cultural material.

After the strata within the eastern two-thirds of the excavation pit were sampled, they were stripped off with the backhoe to bedrock in order to locate potential subsurface features, such as privies or trash pits, excavated into the bedrock. One possible feature, a 120 cm long by 85 cm wide oblong pit excavated into the bedrock was noted. This pit (Feature 1) was located to the east of the cellar entrance into the St. John’s Hotel. Shovel

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St. John’s Hotel Foundation (1900-1983)

Saloon Foundation (c.1865-1900)

FIGURE 48. FOUNDATIONS OF THE ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND EARLIER SALOON, VIEW TO WEST

FIGURE 49. 1899 GROUND SURFACE AND SHOVEL TEST LOCATIONS (FLAGS), HUDSON MANUFACTURING - EAST LOT, VIEW TO NORTHWEST

Motor Parts Building (Extant)

St. John's Hotel Barn - Unexcavated Later Used for U Auto Repair nderground Utilities (1900-c.1999) 4 44

(Extant) T3 T2 T1 (Concrete Slab Only) Former Utility Trench (Water)

Excavated to Bedrock 3 3 3 H. D. Hudson Manufacturing (no shovel tests) Limestone and Extent of Figure 51 Intact Brick Profile Foundation Deposits 2 2 Intact 2 Deposits Concrete Feature 2 Deposits Feature 1 Pad 1 1 (Unexcavated) 1 Unexcavated Concrete Sidewalk VERMILLION STREET

FILL

Remnant Saloon Foundations Utility Trench Hotel Foundations

Concrete Driveway St. John's Hotel (1900-1983) (Unexcavated)

Concrete Sidewalk

WEST SECOND STREET

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Replacement Project 21DK0081 - Site Map Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 50 N Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota

0 meters 5

Two Pines Resource Group Field Notes, 2008 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 85

Test 1 of Transect 2 was excavated within this feature. Rubble was cleared from the feature and another test was excavated within its confines. The base of the pit was encountered at 65 cm below the surface of the bedrock (~1 m below the initial surface of the lot). Cultural material within the pit was limited. Shovel Test 1 of Transect 2 produced only eight artifacts including colorless glass (2), amber glass (1), and milk glass (1) fragments, pieces of lamp glass (2), a brown glazed stoneware sherd (1), and an unidentifiable piece of metal (1). Occasional small glass fragments, charcoal flecks, and brick fragments were observed during the excavation of second test within this feature. The lack of artifacts within this feature, together with its location adjacent to, but perpendicular to the hotel foundation, and to the east of the cellar stairway indicates it was likely the location of a former bulkhead wall.

As the strata above the bedrock had been sampled through surface collection and shovel testing within the eastern two-thirds of the excavation pit, the stratum within the remaining western third of the excavation area was stripped directly to the bedrock commencing at the northern limits. Any diagnostic artifacts observed during this stripping were collected. Within the northern half of the western third of the pit, the strata remained very similar to that observed in the eastern two-thirds of the lot. Within the southwest corner of the pit, though, and approaching the hotel foundation, the number of artifacts increased substantially and this concentration was associated with a distinct stratum change. Examination of the west wall of the excavation pit revealed that within the southwest corner of the excavation block a distinct ash lens overlay a black (10YR 3/1) clay loam containing abundant artifact deposits. The presence of this concentration of artifacts within the southwest corner of the excavation pit, and a similar, but much smaller, concentration noted earlier in the southeast corner of the lot, were present to the immediate north of intact portions of the foundation of the former saloon (see Figure 48). The presence of these intact strata in association with the foundation remnants indicates that these areas escaped subsequent impacts and preserve pre-1899 stratified deposits. Due to the excellent preservation of these strata, and their association with an increase in artifact deposits (including complete bottles and faunal remains), sampling of these strata was limited to the wall profile of the excavation pit and material encountered around the perimeter of these deposits. As these materials were sufficient to characterize the integrity and association of the strata, the bulk of these deposits were preserved in situ (see Figure 50).

The general stratigraphic profile in the area of the intact deposits within the southwest corner of the excavation pit consists of approximately 30 cm of crushed limestone aggregate (Stratum 1) atop a 20 cm thick, very dark gray (10YR 3/1), silty sandy loam (Stratum 2) with brick and charcoal flecking (Figure 51). Stratum 2 accumulated during the twentieth century. To the north, the aggregate gave way to a dark grayish brown (10YR 4/3), mottled fill layer (Stratum 8) that became increasingly thicker to the north, but which overlay the same very dark gray (10YR 3/1), silty sandy loam. At approximately 50-60 cmbs, the profile gave way to a distinctive, 20-30 cm thick, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), silty clay loam (Stratum 3) containing abundant brick and limestone rubble. Stratum 3 was present across the entire excavation area to the north of the hotel foundation, but was thicker towards the south. This layer resulted from

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the demolition of the structures on this block, and apparently, in particular, the recently completed two-story, brick saloon addition to the St. John’s Hotel (HPR: fire file; Hastings Daily Gazette, December 27, 1899). Beneath this demolition layer was a distinct, dense, 10-cm-thick lens of ash and mortar (Stratum 5) resulting from the 1899 fire. Stratum 5 increases in thickness to the south towards the former structures (see Figure 51). To the south, this ash layer was capped by an approximately 10-cm-thick clean sand horizon (Stratum 4). Stratum 5 overlays a lens of sand and mortar (Stratum 6), which may be related to the recent construction of the brick addition as this lens is thicker towards the building location and completely disappears at a distance of approximately 6 m to the north of the former structures. These distinct layers cap a black (10YR 2/1), clay loam (Stratum 7) containing pre-1899 artifacts primarily in its upper 10- 15 cm. The lower 10-15 cm portion of this Stratum 7 was largely sterile and apparently consisting of natural soil over bedrock, which was encountered at an 105 cmbs along the western edge of the excavation pit (see Figure 51).

FOUNDATIONS During the excavations within Lots 7 and 8 of Block 5, foundations associated with four structures were identified. These foundations included a substantial portion of the north wall, as well as a segment of the west wall of the 1900-1983 St. John’s Hotel building (see Figures 48 and 50). This 32-in.-wide foundation is constructed of limestone and brick. This foundation was partially cleared and mapped, but the interior was not excavated. To the immediate north of the hotel foundation were remnants of the north foundation of the saloon building that was destroyed in the 1899 fire (see Figures 48 and 50). This foundation was 21 in. wide and constructed of limestone. Just off the northwest corner of the hotel and saloon foundations, a segment of a 12-in.-wide, north- south foundation of limestone and brick that appeared to be contemporary with the pre- 1899 saloon foundation (see Figure 50). This foundation aligns with the eastern extent of a cluster of outbuildings documented on the 1891 and 1898 Sanborn fire insurance map to the northwest of the saloon (Sanborn Map Company 1891 and 1898) (Figure 52). The interior of this structure was not excavated, as a concrete slab is located to the immediate north and west of the foundation. The remaining structural foundation within Lots 7 and 8 is a concrete slab to the west and northwest of the excavation pit (see Figure 50). This concrete slab is the foundation of the hotel’s barn, which was rebuilt in 1900 on the site of the former barn.

ARTIFACT ANALYSIS During excavations within Lot 8 of Block 5, 633 artifacts were collected. These artifacts were recovered from four distinct contexts as described below.

A complete artifact catalog is provided in Appendix D.

Southeast Artifact Concentration During the pedestrian survey, an artifact concentration was noted within the southeast corner of the excavation pit, and to the immediate north of a segment of the former saloon’s foundation (see Figure 50). These deposits, associated with Find Spot 13, were Southeast Corner of Concrete Pad of Former Barn Wire Nail in Stratum 2

8 2 Base of Footing

3 Metal Rod 5 6

Unexcavated 7

Bedrock

Brick Concrete 0 cm 50 Limestone Mortar

1. 10YR 7/6 - Class 5 Aggregate (Crushed Limestone) 2. 10YR 3/1 - Silty Sandy Loam w/ Brick, Charcoal Flecking and Wire Nail (20th Century Deposits) 3. 10YR 3/2 - Silty Clay Loam w/ Brick and Limestone Rubble (Demolition Layer) 4. 10YR 5/4 - Clean Sand (Not in Profile Drawing, but Present to South Above Stratum 5) 5. 10YR 7/2 - Ash, Mortar, and Charcoal (1899 Fire) 6. 10YR 5/4 - Sand and Mortar (1899 Fire) 7. 10YR 2/1 - Clay Loam - Artifacts in Upper 10-15 cm w/ Brick Flecks (pre-1899 Deposits) 8. 10YR 4/3 - Mottled Fill

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project 21DK0081 - West Wall Profile Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Figure 51 Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota N

Two Pines Resource Group, Field Notes, 2008 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 88

FIGURE 52. 1891 SANBORN FIRE INSURANCE MAP OF THE ST. JOHN’S HOTEL AND SALOON (OUTBUILDINGS CIRCLED)

apparently preserved by the same fortunes that conserved the foundation. Thirty-six artifacts are associated with this context. In keeping with the proximity of these finds to the saloon these materials included several bottle glass fragments. Notable, though, were the base of a colorless glass mug, as well as a fragment of a crown finish from an amber bottle, and a small wine bottle shard. Ceramics included molded ironstone sherds, an overglaze, fragments of a hand-painted dish with a gilded rim, a rim from a blue-sponged vessel, and a sherd of white and brown-banded yellow ware. Fragments from a Ball canning jar milk glass lid liner, a fragment of the zinc band for the jar, and three fragments of the jar itself with part of the word “Mason,” were also present. A mussel shell half was also included in this concentration.

General Sheet Refuse (1899 Ground Surface) With the removal of the demolition debris from the 1899 fire, the ground surface present prior to that event was exposed within the eastern two-thirds of the excavation pit. During pedestrian survey, 156 artifacts were collected from this surface. These artifacts represent debris discarded in the empty lot to the north of the saloon.

Glass Not surprisingly, glass fragments (88) were the largest category of artifacts present atop this surface. These fragments included shards of wine and beer bottles as well as canning jar pieces, and pieces of glassware. Notable among these were the following bottle fragments:

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A colorless bottle with "[G]H & / [H]ASTIN[G] / MINN." from the Finch & Son drug store (1874+) (Warner and Foote 1881:299).

A colorless bottle with “DRUGGIST[S]” above a T and B monogram

A champagne bottle finish with a wire closure

Architectural Of the 23 architectural artifacts recovered from the 1899 surface, the majority were machine-cut nails (13). Other types of fasteners including wire nails (4), and a nail fragment of an indeterminate type (1) were also present. The assemblage also included pieces of flat, windowpane glass (3).

Ceramics During pedestrian survey of the 1899 surface, 32 ceramic sherds were collected. Ironstone (14), stoneware (13), yellow ware (3), whiteware (1), and porcelain (1) vessels were represented by these sherds. Among these sherds were fragments of stoneware beer bottles and a German mineral water bottle.

Faunal Remains Faunal remains recovered from the 1899 surface were limited to nine mammal bone fragments including two rib bones. All bones exhibited hand sawn ends, and cut marks were evident on two of the recovered bones.

Personal Items The only personal item recovered from this surface was a buttonhook for fastening buttons on shoes or gloves.

General Sheet Refuse (Pre-1899) Once artifacts on the 1899 surface were collected, shovel tests were excavated into that surface within the eastern two-thirds of the excavation pit (see Figure 50). During shovel testing, 265 artifacts were collected. The materials collected from these tests are ostensibly associated with the construction and occupation of the hotel and saloon prior to 1899.

Glass As with the surface collection, the glass fragments (115) were the largest category of materials collected form within the shovel test. Aqua, amber, colorless, and green bottle glass shards were represented. None of these fragments bore evidence of their content or their manufacturer. Notable were 21 fragments of lamp chimney glass, and 2 fragments of a ribbed decorative glass with a cased pink exterior.

Architectural Of the 100 architectural artifacts recovered during shovel testing, the majority were machine-cut nails (54). Other types of fasteners including wire nails (10) and a screw (1) TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 90

were also present. The architectural assemblage also included pieces of flat windowpane glass (35).

Ceramics During shovel testing, only nine ceramic sherds were collected. The majority (6) of these were brown-glazed stoneware sherds. Ironstone (1), whiteware (1), and redware (1) vessels were also represented.

Faunal Remains Faunal remains recovered from the shovel tests were limited to seven mammal bone fragments, a mammal tooth, and three bird bone fragments. One mammal bone fragment exhibited a hand-sawn end.

Personal Items No personal items were recovered during shovel testing.

Southwest 1899 Fire Debris and Trash Dump (Feature 2) Within the southwest corner of the excavation pit and to the north of a remnant of the pre-1899 saloon foundation and to the east of an apparent outbuilding foundation, a significant concentration of artifacts associated with intact stratified deposits was encountered (see Figure 50). Due to the density of these deposits, and their location in an out of way corner near the rear of the lot, the material appears to be associated with a surface trash dump, which was assigned the designation Feature 2. Furthermore, this area contained a preserved ash lens and associated artifacts from the 1899 fire, all of which was capped by debris from the demolition following the fire.

During excavations, 111 artifacts were collected from Feature 2. These materials were collected as samples from specific stratums (42 artifacts), and during general clearing of the feature area (69 artifacts).

Stratum Materials Artifacts were collected from Stratums 2, 4, 5, and 7 within Feature 2. These materials were taken directly from wall profiles or other portions of the feature with clear and distinct stratum associations.

Stratum 2 Stratum 2 is associated with twentieth-century deposits accumulated since the 1899 fire. A single colorless glass fragment, from a wide-mouth jar with a threaded lip was collected from this stratum. This fragment was consistent with a canning jar. A wire nail was noted projecting from this stratum in the trench profile.

Stratum 4 Stratum 4 is a horizon of clean sand deposited directly atop the ash and charcoal from the 1899 fire. This horizon was only present to the south of the south wall of the barn building. One piece of lamp chimney glass and four ceramic sherds were collected from TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 91

this horizon. Three of the four sherds were plain, heavy ironstone wares consistent with the utilitarian wares used in hotels. The fourth sherd was a saucer rim with molded, gilded rim design, and a decorated with an hand-painted, light brown transfer-print. This sherd is consistent with decorative tea wares.

Stratum 5 Stratum 5 is a dense ash and mortar lens associated with the 1899 fire. Artifacts were numerous within this horizon, but largely unburned. Twenty-one artifacts were collected from this horizon including green wine bottle glass fragments (3) and a milk glass jar base (1). The majority of the artifacts, though, were stonewares (15) including at least seven fragments from a German mineral water bottle, as well as a stoneware beer bottle base with the stamped mark “MURRAY & CO / GLASGOW.” A single white ball clay tobacco pipe stem fragment, and a segment of a butchered bovine pelvic bone were also collected from this horizon.

Stratum 7 This stratum is associated with pre-1899 site deposits and was present across the lot, but in the corner of the lot associated with Feature 2, the number of artifacts present within this horizon increased as did the presence of whole bottles and bottle fragments. These materials are consistent with a surface dump. Fifteen artifacts were collected as a sample from this stratum including amber, aqua, green, colorless and milk glass fragments (9). Notable among the glass artifacts were the following:

A complete, 8.25-in. high, green Angostura Bitters bottle with a two part finish, down tooled lip, string rim, tapered neck, and domed basal profile and bearing the embossed mark of "DR JGB SIEGERT & HIJOS" on the base ,and "Dr JGB SIEGERT & HIJOS" on the shoulder. This bottle post-dates 1872.

Aqua bottle glass fragment with the embossed mark "[SANFO]RD'S / [JAMAICA] GINGER / [THE QUINTESSENCE OF] JAMAICA GIN[GER] / [CHOICE AROMATIC]S & FRENCH BRA[NDY] / [REGI]STERED 1876.” This bottle post-dates 1876.

A molded ironstone rim sherd (1), a buff stoneware fragment (1), and flat windowpane glass fragments (4) were also collected from this stratum.

General Feature 2 Artifacts The 69 artifacts collected during general clearing of Feature 2 included items from the following described categories.

Glass During general clean up of Feature 2, 25 glass fragments were collected. Among these fragments were green, colorless, aqua, amber, and milk glass fragments. The majority were bottle glass, but a piece of lamp chimney glass was recovered, as well as two TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 92

glassware fragments including that of a eight-paneled, colorless glass mug. Notable bottle glass fragments included:

A green, convex-based soda bottle base with the mark of "CANTRELL &/COCHRANE/ BELFAST &/DUBLIN". This bottle post-dates 1868.

Amber bottle glass fragments bearing the mark HAS[TINGS]BREWING /HA[STIN]GS/ MIN…

Architectural The 8 architectural artifacts recovered from Feature 2 included flat windowpane glass (4), fragments of electrical wire (2), a fragment of drain tile (1), an indeterminate iron fitting (1).

Ceramics Feature 2 produced 34 ceramic fragments. Most of these were from stoneware vessels (15), but whiteware (15) and ironstone vessels (4) were also represented. Three stoneware sherds were from beer bottles including one bearing the impressed oval mark of “MURRAY & BUCHAN/POTTERY/ PORTOBELLO" dating the vessel to c. 1867- 1882. A fourth stoneware sherd was from a German mineral water bottle marked "BELLTHAL BRUNNEN” and "COBERN A/D MOSEL."

Faunal Remains Faunal remains recovered from Feature 2 included three mammal bones. Among these was a rib bone fragment, a bovine pelvic bone fragment, and a long bone fragment with sawn ends.

Personal Items Two buttons were collected from Feature 2. One was a shell button, while the other was a porcelain Prosser button (1848+).

SYNTHESIS As outlined in the literature search portion of this report, the northwest corner of Vermillion and 2nd Streets was developed prior by 1867 (see Figure 18). The use of the two buildings on this corner during this period is unclear, but it is known that by 1870, the northern building was a saloon, and by 1884, if not earlier, the southern building was functioning as the St. John’s Hotel.

The most significant historical event to shape the archaeological deposits and structural features of Lots 7 and 8, though, was the Christmas Day fire of 1899. This fire, which began at the Libby saw mill on the riverfront, ravaged portions of four city blocks to the west of Vermillion Street and between 1st Street (the levee) on the north, and 4th Street on the south (HPR: fire file). While Hastings suffered many fires during the nineteenth century, this blaze was one of the most widespread and disastrous. Both the St. John’s TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 93

Location of St. John’s Hotel and Saloon

FIGURE 53. RUINS OF THE CHRISTMAS DAY FIRE OF 1899, VIEW TO NORTH

Hotel and the neighboring saloon were a total loss (Hastings Star Gazette, December 24, 1997) (Figure 53).

While the construction of the new, and more substantial, St. John’s Hotel largely obliterated the footprints of the pre-fire hotel and saloon, the fire itself and the demolition that followed created a distinct archaeological signature. Within the southwest corner of the lot, an apparent intact, pre-fire surface trash dump (Feature 2) was preserved. Furthermore, this area contained a preserved ash lens and associated artifacts from the 1899 fire, all of which was capped by debris from the demolition following the fire. These materials were deposited to the immediate northwest of the saloon, and the preponderance of glassware and bottles is suggestive of an association with the saloon. Faunal remains collected in this area, though, may also be the result of meal preparation within the hotel, and perhaps this area was used as a surface dump by both enterprises.

RECOMMENDATION Site 21DK0081 consists of intact foundations and stratified deposits from the third quarter of the nineteenth century associated with the former St. John Hotel and Saloon, as well as a distinct horizon associated with the Christmas Day fire of 1899. This site is recommended as eligible under Criterion A for its association with the early development of the City of Hastings, and under Criterion D for its information potential. If site 21DK0081 will be impacted by the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, Two Pines recommends the development of an appropriate treatment plan. In particular, Two Pines recommends an archaeological data recovery consisting of block excavation sufficient to encompass the entirety of the remaining stratified deposits (Feature 2) within the southwest corner of the excavation pit and extending westward as determined by the extent of the deposits and the apparent brick and limestone outbuilding foundation.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 94

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

From July to October of 2008, Two Pines Resource Group, LLC conducted Phase I and II archaeological investigations for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project in Washington and Dakota Counties, Minnesota. This work was performed under contract with Mn/DOT for the Cultural Resource Unit of the department. The proposed project includes the replacement and/or rehabilitation of the TH 61 Bridge over the Mississippi River at Hastings.

The purpose of the archaeological investigations was to determine if the project’s APE contains any intact precontact period archaeological resources that may be eligible for listing in the NRHP. The APE was selected by Mn/DOT to encompass direct impacts from bridge construction as well as ancillary impacts including pond locations and areas of construction staging. This area was surveyed for archaeological resources through shovel testing, bucket auger testing, and the excavation of geomorphological backhoe trenches to the north of the Mississippi River, and through soil borings, shovel testing, and backhoe stripping on the south side of the Mississippi River.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES During the archaeological investigations for the TH 61 Hastings Bridge, three archaeological resources were identified. Of these sites, site 21DK0081, is recommended as eligible for listing in the NHRP. This site consists of foundations and stratified deposits from the third quarter of the nineteenth century associated with the former St. John Hotel and Saloon, as well as a distinct horizon associated with the Christmas Day fire of 1899. This site is recommended as eligible under Criterion A for its association with the early development of the City of Hastings, and under Criterion D for its information potential. If site 21DK0081 will be impacted by the TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project, Two Pines recommends the development of an appropriate treatment plan.

The remaining two archaeological resources that were identified during the Phase I and II investigations are recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. Site 21WA0107 (Mitchell Site) is a late nineteenth century domestic artifact scatter and associated landing on the north side of the Mississippi River. These deposits are recommended as potentially eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion D for their information potential, but as testing was limited to backhoe trenches and bucket auger tests, further evaluation is required to better characterize the site. The second resource is a scatter of mussel shell and charcoal encountered at a depth of 170-220 cmbs within a 25-x-35-m area. A sample of the charcoal returned a radiocarbon date of 1118-1255 AD (832-695 BP). During the current investigations, no artifacts were recovered in direct TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 95

association with these deposits, but due to the potential for the mussel and charcoal scatter to be associated with a precontact period Native American occupation, further evaluation of this scatter is recommended to determine its origin. Due to landowner concerns, additional testing of both of these resources has been postponed by Mn/DOT until it is determined whether project needs will necessitate impacts to the site locations.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 96

LIMESTONE BLOCKS FROM THE HASTINGS SPIRAL BRIDGE During archaeological investigations to the north of the river, five partially buried limestone blocks were recorded. These limestone blocks are consistent with those that were used to support the piers of the Hastings Spiral Bridge (1895-1951) and appear to be remnants of the piers that once supported the north side of the bridge. These blocks were likely deposited at their present location when the spiral bridge was dismantled in 1951. As these blocks do not retain their integrity of location or setting, they are not regarded as eligible for listing in the NRHP, and no further archaeological testing is recommended within Survey Area B. However, as the Spiral Bridge is an iconic symbol for the City of Hastings, these blocks may be of interest to the City or Mn/DOT for reuse, integration, or interpretation in future projects.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 98

REFERENCES CITED

Anfinson, S. 2005 SHPO Manual for Archaeological Projects in Minnesota. July 2005. State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul.

Blakely, J. 1853 Hastings, Wabasha County, Minnesota Territory. J & D Major, New York, New York.

Borchert, J. A. and N. C. Gustafson 1980 Atlas of Minnesota Resources and Settlement. Third Edition. University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs and the Minnesota State Planning Agency, Minneapolis.

Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group 2006 Minnesota Deep Test Protocol Project. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.

Culleton, B. J. 2006 Implications of a Freshwater Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Timing of Late Holocene Settlement of the Elk Hills, Kern County, California. Journal of Archaeological Science, 33 (9): 1331-1339.

Cummings, K. S. and C. A. Mayer 1992 Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest. Illinois Natural History Survey Manual 5. www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cbd/collections/mollusk/fieldguide.html

Curtiss-Wedge, F. (editor) 1910 History of Dakota and Goodhue Counties, Minnesota. H. C. Cooper, Jr., Chicago.

Dakota County Attorney’s Office 1999 History of the Dakota County Attorney. Dakota County Attorney’s Office, Hastings, Minnesota.

Dobbs, C. A. 1990a. Outline of Historic Contexts for the Prehistoric Period (ca. 12,000-A.D. 1700). In Minnesota History in Sites and Structures: A Comprehensive Planning Series. Institute for Minnesota Archaeology Reports of Investigations, Number 37. On file at the State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul, Minnesota.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 99

1990b. Historic Context Outlines: The Contact Period Contexts (ca. 1630 A.D.-1820 A.D.). In Minnesota History in Sites and Structures: A Comprehensive Planning Series. Institute for Minnesota Archaeology Reports of Investigations, Number 39. On file at the State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Doffing, L. 1976 Hastings on the Mississippi. Hastings Gazette, Hastings, Minnesota.

Gibbon, G. E., C. M. Johnson, and E. Hobbs 2002 Minnesota’s Environment and Native American Culture History. In A Predictive Model of Precontact Archaeological Site Location of the State of Minnesota, edited by G. J. Hudak, E. Hobbs, A. Brooks, C. A. Sersland, and C. Phillips. Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul.

Groff and Bailey 1865 Minnesota Gazetteer and Business Director, for 1865. Groff and Bailey, St. Paul.

Kolb, M. F. 2008 Stratigraphic and Geoarchaeological Investigations at the Proposed Trunk Highway 61 Hastings Bridge Project, Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota. Strata Morph Geoexploration Report of Investigation No. 165. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.

Luecke, J. C. 1988 Dreams, Disasters, and Demise: The Milwaukee Road in Minnesota. Grenadier Publications, Eagan, Minnesota.

Maki, C., A. Gronhovd, J. Sluss, and C. Johnson 1995 Phase I and Phase II Cultural Resources Investigation Along the CSAH 42 Corridor. (From County Road 87 to T.H. 61) Dakota County, Minnesota. State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 2008 Mollusks – Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species. Accessed September 2008. www.dnr.state.mn.us/ets/mollusks.html

2003 Field Guide to the Freshwater Mussels of Minnesota. Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.

Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) 2004 Mn/DOT's Cultural Resources Unit Project Requirements. Cultural Resources Unit, Office of Environmental Services, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 100

National Park Service (NPS) 1983 The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. Current version available online at http://www.cr.nps.gov/ local-law/arch_stnds_0.htm. National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

2002 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. National Register Bulletin 15. Revised edition for the internet. National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

Northwest Publishing Company 1901 Plat Book of Washington County. Northwest Publishing Company, Philadelphia.

Peterson, L. D. 1978 The Minnesota Trunk Highway Archaeological Reconnaissance Study Annual Report - 1977. State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul.

1985 Final Archaeological Survey Report and Management Recommendations: S.P. 8282 and 8216 (T.H. 10) From T.H. 61 to the St. Croix River Including Replacement of Bridge #6009 in Denmark Township Washington County. Under the auspices of the Minnesota Trunk Highway Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul.

Ruger, A. 1867 Bird’s Eye View of the City of Hastings, Dakota County, Minnesota, 1867. Chicago Lithographing Company, Chicago.

Sanborn Map Company 1884-1962 Sanborn fire Insurance Maps: Hastings. Sanborn Map Company, New York, New York.

Stark, W., C. Zellie, and A. Lucas 2008 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Architectural History Investigation, Dakota and Washington Counties, Minnesota. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.

State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) 1993. Tier II: Post Contact Period Contexts (1837-1945). Preserving Minnesota: A Comprehensive Planning Process. St. Paul, Minnesota: On file at the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office, St. Paul, Minnesota.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 101

Terrell, M. M. 2002 Archaeological Investigations for the Proposed Hastings Wastewater Treatment Plant, Hastings, Dakota County, Minnesota. Prepared for the Metropolitan Council, St. Paul.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 1895 Survey of the Mississippi River. Chart Number 185. Mississippi River Commission, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.

United States Bureau of the Census 1850 Seventh Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1860 Eighth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1870 Ninth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1880 Tenth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1900 Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1910 Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1920 Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1900. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

1930 Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

United States Bureau of Indian Affairs 1930 Pipestone: 1914, 1915 Letter, 1918-19 and 1923 Letters, 1924-39. Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940. Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Warner, G. E. and C. M. Foote 1881 History of Dakota County and the City of Hastings. North Star Publishing Co., Minneapolis.

Winchell, N. H. 1911 The Aborigines of Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project December 2008 Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations Page 102

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 2007 Wisconsin's Threatened and Endangered Mussels. Accessed September 2008. www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/er/invertebrates/mussels/ TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

APPENDIX A

MINNESOTA ANNUAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY LICENSE

APPLICATION FOR MINNESOTA ANNUAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY LICENSE

This license only applies to reconnaissance (Phase 1) and evaluation (Phase II) surveys conducted under Minnesota Statutes] 38.31-.42 during calendar year 2008 . Separate licenses must be obtained for major investigation! Phase III work, for burial site work under Minnesota statutes 307.08, and for survey work that will continue into another calendar year. Only the below listed individual is licensed as a principal investigator, not the institution! agency/company or others who work for that entity. The licensed individual is required to comply with all the conditions attached to this license form. Permission to enter land for the purposes of archaeological investigation must be obtained from the landowner or land manager.

Name: --===~-=-=-'----=--==-=-=-="--=-==-..:...._------Michelle M. TenelL Ph.D. -

Institution!Agency/Company Affiliation: _~T~w-,-,-,=o,-,P,-,i~n=e-",-s-",-R=e=s=ou=r"-,"c,-,=e,--,G=:.r=..:o"-"u~p::..>.,-,,,L,,-,,L:::..:C::::...... - _

Title/Position: Principal Archaeologist and Historian

Address: 17711 260th Street, Shafer, MN 55074

Wark Phone: _-"6=5-=-1--'='2=5..:....7---.:4-'-7""'-'66"----__ E-Mail: m=te.=:.:IT=e1::..o1;.:;@;;<:t:;.:.w..:..;0"-.!p"..,i=n=e=sr'-.':e=s=0=Uf=..:c=e=.c=o~m==-- _

Name of Advanced Degree Institution: Boston University Year: 2000

Narne of Department: _---'Ar'-=-'c=h=a;.=..eo;::.;l:...::;o.Qg'-'-y-=D"---e"-,J;p:...::;a:=..rt=m""e=n=t__ Degree: _MA _MS X PhD

Purpose: (check all that may apply) CRM ~ Academic Research Institutional Field School

Type of Land: (check all that may apply) State Owned ~ County Owned ~ Township/City Owned ~

Other List: ------

MHS Repository Agreement # _~3-"-9,,,--8__ Other Approved Curation Facility: _

Most recent previous license year: 2007 Type: l Annual _Major _Project (pre-2006)

Signed (applicant): #~ ~ Date: ~-/6""0C3

Required Attachments: Curriculum Vita l and Documentation of Appropriate Experience_ for previously unlicensed individuals.

Submit one copy of this form and attachments to: Office of the State Archaeologist, Ft. Snelling History Center, St. Paul, MN 551 I I 612-725-2411 612-725-2729 FAX 612-725-2427 email: [email protected]

Minnesota Historical Society APpr~I:"~--/:Z,--,,...--',,,,,,---,-- Date: ~i ~~c( State Archaeologist Approval: ~ q:::; Date: S;-,z ¥'oS'

License Number: ------08-034 Form Date: 4/20106 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

APPENDIX B

RADIOCARBON DATING REPORTS

August 28, 2008

Dr. Michelle M. Terrell Two Pines Resource Group, LLC 17711 260th Street Schafer, MN 55074 USA

RE: Radiocarbon Dating Results For Samples 1.1 C -13, 2.1 C -13

Dear Dr. Terrell:

Enclosed are the radiocarbon dating results for two samples recently sent to us. They each provided plenty of carbon for accurate measurements and all the analyses proceeded normally. As usual, the method of analysis is listed on the report with the results and calibration data is provided where applicable.

As always, no students or intern researchers who would necessarily be distracted with other obligations and priorities were used in the analyses. We analyzed them with the combined attentio n of our entire professional staff.

If you have specific questions about the analyses, please contact us. We are always available to answer your questions.

The cost of the analysis was c harged to the VISA card provided. A receipt is enclosed. Thank you. As always, if you have any questions or would like to discuss the results, don’t hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, Dr. Michelle M. Terrell Report Date: 8/28/2008

Two Pines Resource Group, LLC Material Received: 8/20/2008

Sample Data Measured 13C/12C Conventional Radiocarbon Age Ratio Radiocarbon Age(*)

Beta - 248163 870 +/ - 40 BP -28.6 o/oo 810 +/ - 40 BP SAMPLE : 1.1 C -13 ANALYSIS : AMS -PRIORITY delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (charred material): acid/alkali/acid 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cal AD 1160 to 1280 (Cal BP 790 to 670) ______

Beta - 248164 1870 +/ - 40 BP -11.2 o/oo 2100 +/ - 40 BP SAMPLE : 2.1 C -13 ANALYSIS : AMS -PRIORITY delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (shell): acid etch 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cal BC 340 to 330 (Cal BP 2290 to 2280) AND Cal BC 200 to 30 (Cal BP 2150 to 1980) ______CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-28.6:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-248163 Conventional radiocarbon age: 810±40 BP 2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1160 to 1280 (Cal BP 790 to 670) (95% probability) Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1230 (Cal BP 720) 1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1210 to 1260 (Cal BP 740 to 690) (68% probability)

810±40 BP Charred material 940

920

900

880

860

840 ) P B ( 820 e g a

n 800 o b r a c 780 o i d a

R 760

740

720

700

680

660 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 Cal AD

References: Database used INTCAL04 Calibration Database INTCAL04 Radiocarbon Age Calibration IntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (Volume 46, nr 3, 2004). Mathematics A Simplified Approach to Calibrating C14 Dates Talma, A. S., Vogel, J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2), p317-322 Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: [email protected] CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-11.2:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-248164 Conventional radiocarbon age: 2100±40 BP 2 Sigma calibrated results: Cal BC 340 to 330 (Cal BP 2290 to 2280) and (95% probability) Cal BC 200 to 30 (Cal BP 2150 to 1980) Intercept data Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 150 (Cal BP 2100) and Cal BC 140 (Cal BP 2090) and Cal BC 110 (Cal BP 2060) 1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal BC 180 to 50 (Cal BP 2130 to 2000) (68% probability)

2100±40 BP Shell 2240

2220

2200

2180

2160

2140 ) P B ( 2120 e g a

n 2100 o b r a c 2080 o i d a

R 2060

2040

2020

2000

1980

1960 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Cal BC/AD References: Database used INTCAL04 Calibration Database INTCAL04 Radiocarbon Age Calibration IntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (Volume 46, nr 3, 2004). Mathematics A Simplified Approach to Calibrating C14 Dates Talma, A. S., Vogel, J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2), p317-322 Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: [email protected] September 3, 2008

Dr. Michelle M. Terrell Two Pines Resource Group, LLC 17711 260th Street Schafer, MN 55074 USA

RE: Radiocarbon Dating Result For Sample 10.100 C -10

Dear Dr. Terrell:

Enclosed is the radiocarbon dating result for one sample re cently sent to us. It provided plenty of carbon for an accurate measurement and the analysis proceeded normally. As usual, the method of analysis is listed on the report sheet and calibration d ata is provided where applicable.

As always, no students or intern researchers who would necessarily be distracted with other obligations and priorities were used in the analysis. It was analyzed with the combined attention of our entire professional st aff.

If you have specific questions about the analyses, please contact us. We are always available to answer your questions.

Thank you for prepaying the analysis. Enclosed you will fin d a receipt for the refunded amount (difference between cost of priority and advance). As always, if you have any questions or would like to discuss the results, don’t hesitate to contact me.

Sincerely, Dr. Michelle M. Terrell Report Date: 9/3/2008

Two Pines Resource Group, LLC Material Received: 8/20/2008

Sample Data Measured 13C/12C Conventional Radiocarbon Age Ratio Radiocarbon Age(*)

Beta - 248162 340 +/ - 40 BP -21.3 o/oo 400 +/ - 40 BP SAMPLE : 10.100 C -10 ANALYSIS : AMS -ADVANCE delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cal AD 1430 to 1530 (Cal BP 520 to 4 20) AND Cal AD 1560 to 1630 (Cal BP 390 to 320) ______CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-21.3:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-248162 Conventional radiocarbon age: 400±40 BP 2 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1430 to 1530 (Cal BP 520 to 420) and (95% probability) Cal AD 1560 to 1630 (Cal BP 390 to 320) Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1460 (Cal BP 490) 1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1440 to 1490 (Cal BP 510 to 460) (68% probability)

400±40 BP Bone collagen 540

520

500

480

460

440 ) P B ( 420 e g a

n 400 o b r a c 380 o i d a

R 360

340

320

300

280

260 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 Cal AD

APPENDIX C

ARTIFACT CATALOG FOR 21WA0107

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Site Test Weight Size Site # Name Catalog # AreaProvenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.1-2 C Trench C10 40-60 cmbs 2 2.4 Activities Household/domestic Misc. metal can Fragment 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.3 C Trench C10 40-60 cmbs 1 5.0 Faunal Mammal 1 hand saw cut marks 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.4 C Trench C10 40-60 cmbs 1 3.8 Activities Heating byproducts Coal 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.5 C Trench C10 40-60 cmbs 1 2.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 8d 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.6 C Trench C10 40-60 cmbs 1 5.1 Architectural Hardware Fence staple 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.7 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 0.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 2d 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.8 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 7.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.9 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 7.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.10-13 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 4 8.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.14 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 1.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.15-19 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 5 8.9 Architectural Building materials Mortar 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.20 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 3.2 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.21 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 3.2 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment, body Angular, aqua 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.22-55 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 34 40.3 Activities Household/domestic Misc. metal can Fragment 1-3 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.56 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 0.2 Architectural Building materials Shingle 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.57 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 <0.1 Architectural Building materials Tarpaper 2

21WA0107 Mitchell 1.58-65 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 8 27.4 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.66-69 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 4 0.6 Activities Rubber 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.70 C Trench C10 50-65 cmbs 1 1.0 Lithic Non-cultural 2 Molten 21WA0107 Mitchell 1.71 C Trench C10 65 cmbs 1 2.4 Faunal Mammal Muskrat Mandible 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.1 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 2.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, indeterminate 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.2 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 4.2 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment Curved, seam line, milkglass 1

21WA0107 Mitchell 2.3 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 16.3 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment, base, body Rounded base, aqua 1 Square or rectangular base, chamfered corners, seam lines, 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.4 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 19.0 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment, base, body domed base, colorless 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.5-8 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 4 102.7 Ceramic Ironstone Cup Fragment, body, rim 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.9 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 16.5 Ceramic Whiteware Cup Fragment, rim 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.10 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 4.8 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment 1 Likely base fragment Tan salt-glazed rim, brown glazed 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.11-12 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 2 220.6 Ceramic Stoneware Crock Fragment, rim exterior and interior 1 Fragments refit Tan salt-glazed rim, brown glazed 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.13 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 1 94.0 Ceramic Stoneware Crock Fragment, rim exterior and interior 1 Tan salt-glazed exterior, brown glazed interior, tan glazed base, "MINNE[SOTA STONEWAR]E CO RED 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.14-15 C Trench C11 160-200 cmbs 2 430.9 Ceramic Stoneware Crock Fragment, base diameter: ~7 1/4 in. 1 WING MINN" on base, 1883-1906 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.16 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 1 2.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, indeterminate 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.17 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 1 2.3 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.18 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 1 3.8 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.19 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 1 0.6 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment Tan salt-glazed surface 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.20 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 1 0.8 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.21-22 C Trench C11 160-190 cmbs 2 2.7 Activities Heating byproducts Charcoal 2

21WA0107 Mitchell 2.23 C Trench C11 210-245 cmbs 1 23.6 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment, neck, finish Hand-finished patent lip, amethyst 1 Refits with body panel 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.24 C Trench C11 210-245 cmbs 1 3.1 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.25 C Trench C11 210-245 cmbs 1 <0.1 Faunal Fish Indeterminate 3 Calcined Fragment, body, Partial "M..." on recessed panel of body, 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.26 C Trench C11 Wall scraping 1 12.0 Glass Bottle Indeterminate shoulder Amethyst 1 refits with patent lip bottle finish 21WA0107 Mitchell 2.27 C Trench C11 Wall scraping 1 0.3 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment Milk glass, partially melted 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 3.1 C Trench C17 150-180 cmbs 1 4.8 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 4.1 C Trench C18 120-170 cmbs 1 13.3 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body, rim? 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 4.2 C Trench C18 120-170 cmbs 1 0.8 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, spall 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 5.1 C Trench C19 140-160 cmbs 1 82.4 Lithic Limestone 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 5.2 C Trench C19 140-160 cmbs 1 32.6 Lithic LImestone 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 5.3-14 C Trench C19 140-160 cmbs 12 3.9 Architectural Building materials Brick Crumbles 2-3 21WA0107 Mitchell 5.15 C Trench C19 140-160 cmbs 1 <0.1 Faunal Indeterminate 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 5.16 C Trench C19 140-160 cmbs 1 <0.1 Kitchen Beverage and food related Foil wrapping 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 6.1 C Auger 1 N5 of Trench C-11 110-145 cmbs 1 6.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 6d 21WA0107 Mitchell 7.1 C Auger 5 E10 of Trench C-11 130-150 cmbs 1 0.4 Ceramic Redware Indeterminate 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 7.2 C Auger 5 E10 of Trench C-11 130-150 cmbs 1 0.7 Activities Heating byproducts Charcoal 3

21WA0107 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Site Test Weight Size Site # Name Catalog # AreaProvenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info 21WA0107 Mitchell 7.3-4 C Auger 5 E10 of Trench C-11 130-150 cmbs 2 0.9 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 8.1 C Auger 10 W5 of Trench C-11 160-175 cmbs 1 2.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 9.1 C Auger 11 W10 of Trench C-11 170-185 cmbs 1 1.0 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 Hardware (non- architectural & non- 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.1 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 206.1 Activities furniture) Indeterminate Fragment Width: 1/2 in., length: 7 1/4 in. 1 Metal Hardware (non- architectural & non- 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.2 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 29.8 Activities furniture) Rod 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.3 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 10.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 10d 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.4 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 1.0 Architectural Building materials Mortar, concrete 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.5-6 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 2 6.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Jar Fragment Curved, blue 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.7-9 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 3 10.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Curved, colorless 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.10 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 0.8 Architectural Building materials Plaster 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.11-14 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 4 1.8 Activities Heating byproducts Coal 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.15-18 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 4 4.4 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.19-20 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 2 5.5 Architectural Building materials Mortar, concrete 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.21 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 3.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 4d 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.22 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 1.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 2 2d 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.23 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 2.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.24 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 7.7 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 10d 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.25 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 3.0 Architectural Fasteners Rivet 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.26 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 1 8.9 Architectural Fasteners Rivet 1 Metal shaft with a head on each end 21WA0107 Mitchell 10.27-37 C Auger 13 S5 of Trench C-10 60-75 cmbs 11 13.8 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment 3 Metal 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.1 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 <0.1 Kitchen Beverage and food related Foil wrapping 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.2 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 2.3 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.3 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 0.3 Architectural Building materials Mortar 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.4 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 1.2 Personal Personal Pipe Fragment, bowl 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.5 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 1.0 Glass Bottle Indeterminate Fragment Curved, colorless 2 Raised lettering reads "GO…" 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.6-9 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 4 7.5 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 1 Partially solarized 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.10-15 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 6 3.9 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.16 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-110 cmbs 1 1.2 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.17 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-160 cmbs 1 12.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 10d 21WA0107 Mitchell 11.18-23 C Auger 14 E5 of Trench C-10 75-160 cmbs 6 21.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1-3 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.1 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 1 <0.1 Activities Household/domestic Cellophane 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.2 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 1 0.2 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 3 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.3 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 1 1.0 Activities Heating byproducts Coal 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.4 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 1 4.5 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.5-9 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 5 3.7 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment 2-3 Metal 21WA0107 Mitchell 12.10-13 C Auger 15 E10 of Trench C-10 95-110 cmbs 4 18.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1-2 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.1 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 1 6.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.2 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 1 1.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.3 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 1 4.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 6d 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.4 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 1 1.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 2 Hardware (non- architectural & non- 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.5 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 1 15.6 Activities furniture) Hook Length: 2 1/2 in. 1 Hook from hook and screw eye set 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.6-37 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 40-55 cmbs 22 107.0 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment 1-4 Metal 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.38 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 55-75 cmbs 1 1.5 Activities Heating byproducts Coal 2 21WA0107 Mitchell 13.39-58 C Auger 19 W5 of Trench C-10 55-75 cmbs 19 23.9 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment 1-4 Metal

21WA0107 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

APPENDIX D

ARTIFACT CATALOG FOR 21DK0081

TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info Hand-blown round base, conical basal profile, wine bottle green, diameter: 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 1.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Initial test trench 55-60 cmbs 1 291.6 Glass Beverage bottle Indeterminate Fragment, base in. 1 Possible wine bottle base Circular base, dome/flat indentation basal profile, two vertical, parallel General area near seams on exterior surface, handle 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 127.6 Glass Drinkware Mug Fragment, base join, colorless, diameter: 2 1/2 in. 1 General area near 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.2 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 16.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 Possible canning jar fragment General area near 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.3 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 2.3 Glass Beverage bottle Indeterminate Fragment, finish Crown finish, amber 2 1892+ "BALL BROS. …CO./BUFFALO…", "A" in center of lid on opposite side General area near Milk glass fragments, diameter: 2 1/2 from other lettering, four pieces 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.4-8 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 16.0 Glass Food bottle/jar Glass lid liner Fragment, lid in. 1-2 refit General area near 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.9 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 0.7 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 General area near Sponged, blue, underglazed design 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.10 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 1.5 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, rim interior and exterior 2 One raised brown annular line followed by five raised white annular General area near lines, followed by one raised brown 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.11 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 11.9 Ceramic Yellowware Indeterminate Fragment, body annular line 1 General area near 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.12-13 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 2 16.0 Ceramic Ironstone Plate Fragment, rim Gilding along rim edge, diameter: 8 in. 1 Likely same vessel as 2.14-15

Gilding along rim edge, polychrome Pieces refit. Likely same vessel General area near decal, floral design with green leaves as 2.12-13. Evidence of heat 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.14-15 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 2 57.7 Ceramic Ironstone Plate Fragment, base, rim and red flowers, foot, diameter: 8 in. 1 exposure

General area near Raised molded "feather" pattern on 2 pieces refit. Evidence of heat 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.16-19 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 4 62.3 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body two pieces, handle join on one piece 1-2 exposure General area near Asbestos tile, gray, one surface 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.20 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 6.2 Architectural Tile/floor covering Other tile/floor covering grooved 1 General area near White hexagonal tiles with mortar 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.21-22 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 2 22.1 Architectural Tile/floor covering Other tile/floor covering remnants, 1 in. square 1 General area near 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.23 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 1.0 Kitchen Beverage and food related Can lid Fragment 2 Canning jar lid fragment. 1858+

Metal hinge with straps rusted at 90 degree angle, tapered strap to hinge: General area near Hardware (non-architectural 5 in., strap with hole to hinge: 2 3/4 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.24 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 99.7 Activities and non-furniture) Hinge in., width of straps at hinge: 1 1/8 in. 1 General area near Complete top or bottom of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 2.25 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection FS 13 and others 65 cmbs 1 32.1 Faunal Mussel Shell 1 mussel Bristol glaze exterior with thin band of mustard, mustard glaze interior, Fragment, body, raised ridge with incised line on 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.1 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 1 65 cmbs 1 12.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate shoulder interior surface 1 Possible beer bottle Buff salt glaze exterior, yellow glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.2 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 1 65 cmbs 1 0.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 3 Likely same vessel as 3.6 Brown glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.3 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 2 65 cmbs 1 3.0 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 1

21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.4 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 2 65 cmbs 1 3.0 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, body Teal transfer print with figure in pants 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.5 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 3 65 cmbs 1 9.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 Buff salt glaze exterior, yellow glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.6 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 4 65 cmbs 1 5.7 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base interior with wheel marks 1 Likely same vessel as 3.2 Irregular polygon base,colorless, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.7-9 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 5 65 cmbs 3 34.8 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment, base width: 1 3/8 in. 1-3 Fragments refit Brown glaze exterior and interior, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.10 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 6 65 cmbs 1 44.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base diameter: 8 in. 1 Buff salt glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.11 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 7 65 cmbs 1 1.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.12 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 7 65 cmbs 1 17.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment, no head 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.13 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 7 65 cmbs 1 8.5 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Miscellaneous metal fragment 1 Nail, machine-cut?

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info Circular metal object with centered Other inset circle, diameter: 2 in., inset circle 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.14 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 7 65 cmbs 1 58.3 Architectural Plumbing/heating/piping plumbing/heating/piping diameter: 1 in. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.15 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 8 65 cmbs 1 3.4 Glass Food Bottle/Jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 Two part finish with down tooled lip and rounded string rim, roughly cylindrical neck decorated near shoulder, parallel mold seams to base of finish. decorated sloped down Fragment, partial shoulder, colorless, bore: 1/2 in., lip shoulder, complete height: 5/8 in., string rim: 1/8 in., neck- 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.16 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 8 65 cmbs 1 38.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish and neck finish height: 2 in. 1 Possible wine/brandy bottle Two part finish with down tooled lip and rounded string rim, cylindrical Fragment, partial neck, colorless, bore: 5/8 in., lip neck, complete height: 7/8 in., string rim: 1/8 in., neck Found in association with 3.18 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.17 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 9 65 cmbs 1 33.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish finish height: 1 3/4 in. 1 and 3.19-25 Chamfered heel, shallow concave basal profile, flask base shape, two Late 19th early 20th century, piece mold with separate base, found in association with 3.17 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.18 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 9 65 cmbs 1 18.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base colorless, width: 1 1/2 in. 1 and 3.19-25 Found in association with 3.17 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.19-25 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 9 65 cmbs 7 16.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Colorless 1-2 and 3.18 "DRUGGIST[S]" under a Pharmaceutical/apothecary perpendicular T… Over a 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.26 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 10 65 cmbs 1 8.0 Glass bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Raised lettering, colorless 1 monogram T[B] Indeterminate shape, domed basal 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.27 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 10 65 cmbs 1 14.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base profile, tooled scar on base, aqua 1 Possibly blown 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.28 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 10 65 cmbs 1 <0.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Aqua 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.29-30 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 11 65 cmbs 2 54.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.31 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 11 65 cmbs 1 10.1 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua

21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.32 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 12 65 cmbs 1 4.3 Ceramic Porcelain Indeterminate Fragment, rim Molded, scalloped edge design, plain 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.33-34 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 12 65 cmbs 2 5.5 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body 2 "…BRO…" Swirling white 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.35 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 4.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Raised lettering, colorless 1 discoloration Rounded heel, domed basal profile, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.36 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 24.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base colorless 1 Probably a circular vessel "…[O]N", probable mason 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.37 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 11.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Raised lettering, curved, aqua 1 canning jar One shoulder seam visible, curved, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.38 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 17.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, shoulder aqua 1 Probable mason canning jar 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.39-42 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 4 7.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Colorless 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.43 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 1.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Green 2 Possible wine bottle 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.44 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 1 2.7 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.45-49 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 13 65 cmbs 5 5.2 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Long bone with sawn end 1-3

21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.50 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 14 65 cmbs 1 2.0 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, base Transfer printed partial makers mark 2 "…NIT[E]…", and two 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.51 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 15 65 cmbs 1 2.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Raised lettering, colorless 2 indeterminate letters Miscellaneous Electrical 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.52 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 15 65 cmbs 1 13.5 Architectural Electrical materials Materials Fragment Porcelain resistor 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.53 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 15 65 cmbs 1 10.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.54 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 15 65 cmbs 1 6.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.55 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 15 65 cmbs 1 29.3 Faunal Mammal Fragment, rib Hand sawn end 1 Cut 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.56 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 16 65 cmbs 1 4.3 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body 1 Sponged, blue, underglaze design 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.57 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 16 65 cmbs 1 0.8 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim interior, plain exterior 2 Brown glaze exterior, brown glaze interior with wheel marks, diameter: 9 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.58 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 17 65 cmbs 1 56.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base in. 1 Asbestos tile, one side gray, one side 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.59 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 17 65 cmbs 1 5.2 Architectural Tile/floor covering Other tile/floor covering white 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info

Club sauce type stopper, circular top with rounded edges, flat sides and underside, cylindrical shank with tapered lower section, colorless, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.60 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 18 65 cmbs 1 13.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Stopper diameter: 1 in., height: 1 1/16 in. 1

Undecorated rim. diamond decoration 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.61 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 19 65 cmbs 1 13.5 Glass Drinkware Indeterminate Fragment, rim begins 15/16 in. below the rim. 1 Possible tumbler Yellow and clear glaze exterior separated by a brown slipped narrow 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.62 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 19 65 cmbs 1 9.2 Ceramic Yellowware Indeterminate Fragment, body line. Exfoliated interior 1 Likely same vessel as 3.90 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.63 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 18.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, green 1 Fragment, base, Circular base with a rounded heal and 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.64 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 52.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body domed basal profile, amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.65 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 1.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2

Circular bottle, one part finish with flanged lip, cylindrical neck, sloped down shoulder form, rounded heel, Pharmaceutical/apothecary shallow concave basal profile, bore: 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.66 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 13.6 Glass bottle/jar Indeterminate 3/8 in., height: 2 1/8 in., base: 3/4 in. 1 Mecurochrome type bottle Four rim fragments, three shoulder fragments, three base fragments and nine body fragments including two "…[S]O…" on one fragment, "8" Fragment, base, with raised lettering. Rounded string on another, two shoulder 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.67-85 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 19 178.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body, shoulder, rim rim, circular base, aqua 1 fragments refit Brown salt glaze exterior and interior, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.86 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 25.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior has wheel marks 1 White slipped interior, clear glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.87 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 6.9 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body exterior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.88 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 20 65 cmbs 1 6.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail Fragment 1 Champagne sloped top finish, cork Fragment, partial and wire closure with the wire still neck, complete intact, aqua. Bore: 3/4 in. Lip height: 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.89 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 21 65 cmbs 1 63.7 Glass Beverage bottle Indeterminate finish with wire 5/16 in. String rim: 3/8 in. 1 Yellow and clear glaze exterior separated by a brown slipped narrow 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.90 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 21 65 cmbs 1 67.9 Ceramic Yellowware Indeterminate Fragment, body line, yellow glaze interior Likely same vessel as 3.62 "[T]" or "[I]" "[P]" or "[R]….", four Circular base, rounded heel, shallow fragments are associated with Fragment, base, concave basal profile, one fragment the base, three of these 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.91-3.95 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 22 65 cmbs 5 117.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body contains raised lettering, aqua 1 fragments refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.96 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 22 65 cmbs 1 4.2 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 1 Fragment, partial Champagne sloped top finish, amber, neck, complete bore: 3/4 in., lip height: 5/8 in., string 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.97 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 48.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish rim: 5/8 in. 1 Exfoliated exterior, yellow glaze and 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.98 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 8.1 Ceramic Yellowware Indeterminate Fragment, body partially exfoliated interior 1

Beer bottle finish and neck fragment, two raised rings under lip, mustard glaze exterior, white glaze interior with Fragment, neck, wheel marks and a line of mustard 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.99 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 33.5 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle finish glaze near the lip, bore: 3/4 in. 1

German mineral water bottle with brown glaze exterior, translucent and Fragment, body with brown slipped glaze on interior, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.100 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 67.2 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle handle applied handle, heel marks on interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.101-102 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 2 9.4 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, base 1 Fragments refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.103 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 12.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.104 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 12.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.105 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 23 65 cmbs 1 7.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 10d Circular base, rounded heel, steep 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.106 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 24 65 cmbs 1 27.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base push up basal profile, green 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info Circular base, bulged heel, shallow concave basal profile, raised lettering, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.107 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 24 65 cmbs 1 30.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base amber 1 …[?] & C… Circular base, rounded heel, shallow Fragment, base, concave basal profile, raised lettering, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.108-110 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 25 65 cmbs 3 72.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body aqua 1-2 …[?]. 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.111 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 25 65 cmbs 1 16.7 Faunal Mammal Fragment, rib Sawn end and cut marks 1 Makers mark: "ARIEL / D.R. / Raised molded design on exterior EN…" Two sets of two fragments 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.112-117 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 6 93.3 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, base near base. 1-2 refit Abrupt heel, shallow concave basal Body: "[C]H & / [H]ASTIN[G] / Fragment, base, profile, raised lettering on body and MINN." Base: "W.T. & CO. [T]. 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.118 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 33.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body base, colorless 1 JAN." 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.119 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 6.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Curved, amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.120 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 21.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Curved, colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.121 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 35.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Curved, green 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.122 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 16.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 30d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.123 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 1.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.124 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 26 65 cmbs 1 9.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 10d Fragment, base, Circular base, rounded heel, domed 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.125-126 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 29 65 cmbs 2 68.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body basal profile, green 1 Gray salt glaze exterior, brown glazed 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.127 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 29 65 cmbs 1 19.6 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.128 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 29 65 cmbs 1 17.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 30d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.129 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 30 65 cmbs 1 1.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d Metal button hook, raised, stamped 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.130 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 30 65 cmbs 1 14.6 Personal Grooming/pharmaceuticals Buttonhook lettering on handle, length: 5 1/4 in. 1 "…ONEL…" Buff salt glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.131 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 31 65 cmbs 1 30.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with wheel marks. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.132-136 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 31 65 cmbs 5 19.1 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Saw and cut marks One flat and one curved fragment, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.137-138 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 2 30.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment green 1

One base sherd, 17 body sherds. 2 refit fragments: "…[?]ENCK'S." Seven body sherds have raised 2 refit fragments: "…HILA[R,P,D, Fragment, base, lettering. Shallow concave basal or B]…", 2 refit fragments: "…J 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.139-156 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 18 176.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body profile, aqua. 1-2 P." Single fragment: "…Y[?]…" 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.157 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 1 1.7 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.158 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 1 9.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.159 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 1 6.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 8d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.160 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 1 6.6 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Miscellaneous metal fragment 1

21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.161 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 32 65 cmbs 1 31.4 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Metal strap, length: 6 in., width: 7/8 in. 1 Possible barrel band 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.162 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 33 65 cmbs 1 1.5 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim Blue transfer print on interior 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.163 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 34 65 cmbs 1 36.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.164-166 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 34 65 cmbs 3 16.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.167-168 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 35 65 cmbs 2 7.0 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Hand sawn ends 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.169 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 36 65 cmbs 1 13.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.170 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 36 65 cmbs 1 7.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 8d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 3.171 Block 5 Lot 8 FS 37 65 cmbs 1 18.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 20d Stratum over Buff glaze exterior with ridged design, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 4.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Surface collection bedrock 70-80 cmbs 1 16.2 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body brown glaze interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 5.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.2-3 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 2 3.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.4-6 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 3 2.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Aqua 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 0.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Two parallel molded lines, amber 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 1.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Green 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.9-10 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 2 0.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Colorless 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.11-24 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 14 4.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Colorless 2-3 Slight pinkish tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.25 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 0.9 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 Brown glaze exterior with raised ridge 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.26 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 6.6 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body design, brown glaze interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.27 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 1.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.28 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 1.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.29 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 1.7 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.30-31 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 2 5.6 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Miscellaneous metal fragment 1 Probable nails 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 5.32 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 65-84 cmbs 1 1.1 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 1 0.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.2-9 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 8 27.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 1-3 Thick glass 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.10-11 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 2 1.1 Furnishings Decorative items Picture frame glass Fragment Aqua, thickness: 0.04 in. 2 Possible picture frame glass 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.12-14 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 3 3.9 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.15 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 1 2.0 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1 Exfoliated fragment with brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.16 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 1 0.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment on one surface 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 6.17 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 1 115-180 cmbs 1 22.7 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 20d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 10.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base Rounded heel, flat base, amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 7.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Amber 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.3 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 4.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Green 1 Cased glass, pink exterior, white 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.4-5 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 2 3.8 Glass Lighting Other Lighting Fragment interior 1-2 Possible lamp shade Indeterminate shape, indeterminate Fragment, base, push up basal profile, tooled scar on 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.6-9 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 4 21.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body base, aqua 1-2 2 pieces refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.10-12 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 3 3.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Colorless 2-3 Light aqua tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.13-14 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 2 10.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.15 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 1.8 Glass Tableware Plate Fragment, rim Pink tint, diameter: 3 in. 2 One rim sherd, 15 body sherds, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.16-31 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 16 25.4 Glass Drinkware Indeterminate Fragment, body, rim colorless 1-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.32-50 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 19 12.5 Glass Lighting Lamp chimney Fragment Curved, colorless 1-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.51-53 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 3 22.8 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.54 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 0.3 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.55 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 1.0 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 Slight aqua tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.56-63 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 8 6.0 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1-3 Slight aqua tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.64 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 4.6 Ceramic Redware Indeterminate Fragment, body 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.65 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 3.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.66 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 8.7 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.67-68 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 2 13.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.69-70 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 2 11.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 7.71 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 2 65-90 cmbs 1 4.6 Activities Hardware Fence staple Fragment Length: 1 5/8 in. 1 One point broken off 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 8.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 3 65-77 cmbs 1 <0.1 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, body 3 Brown glaze exterior with raised ridge 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 8.2-3 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 3 65-77 cmbs 2 11.4 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body design, brown glaze interior 1-2 Miscellaneous metal fragments. One piece may be part of strap with a width 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 8.4-5 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 3 65-77 cmbs 2 7.3 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate of 3/4 in. 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 9.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 0.8 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 9.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 17.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 20d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 9.3-4 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 2 4.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1-2 Miscellaneous metal fragments. Several pieces part of strap with a 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 9.5-14 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 10 39.3 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate width of 13/16 in. 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 9.15-19 Block 5 Lot 8 T1 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 5 13.7 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 0.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, amber 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 0.4 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment Curved, white 2 Curved, possible handle join, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.3 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 4.4 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment colorless, 1 Possible drinkware 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.4 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 1.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.5-6 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 2 1.4 Glass Lighting Lamp chimney Fragment Curved, colorless 2 Brown glaze exterior, Brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 2.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with two parallel ridges 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 10.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 1 70-90 cmbs 1 1.0 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate Broken cylindrical object 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 1.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2 Slight aqua tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.2-4 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 3 3.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Two curved, one flat, colorless 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.5-6 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 2 0.9 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 0.6 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 11.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.9 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 1.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 2 3d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.10 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 10.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 10d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.11 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 3.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 6d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.12 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 1.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 2 3d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.13 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 4.6 Architectural Fasteners Architectural screw Fragment 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.14 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 2.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.15 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 2.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.16 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 1 2.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 11.17-18 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 2 70-80 cmbs 2 0.7 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate 1-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 2.9 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 0.2 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.3-4 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 2 0.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Curved, colorless 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.5 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 4.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.6 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 4.6 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 2.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 3.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire 1 7d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.9 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 29.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 50d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.10-12 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 3 12.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.13 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 2.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment, no head 1 Miscellaneous metal strap fragment, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.14 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 4.6 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate width: 3/4 in. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.15 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 0.9 Activities Heating byproducts Slag 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 12.16 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 2.5 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 1.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Aqua 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 0.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.3 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 2.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.4 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 1.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.5 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 5.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.6 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 2.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 2

Miscellaneous metal strap fragments. 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.7-10 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 4 35.8 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate One fragment has a width of 1 5/8 in. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 13.11 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 65-80 cmbs 1 5.2 Activities Heating byproducts Coal 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 14.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T2 ST 4 80-90 cmbs 1 2.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment, no head 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 13.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 1.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 2 Slight aqua tint Raised curved line indicating lettering or a design present on surface, If raised design is lettering it may 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.3 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 2.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body curved, aqua 1 be an "O" 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.4-6 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 3 0.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Colorless 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 0.1 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 3.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.9 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 1 2.3 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 15.10-11 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 1 65-80 cmbs 2 12.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 0.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Green 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.2-4 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 3 3.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Colorless 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.5 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 5.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body Brown glaze exterior and interior 1 A curved edge may indicate this sherd is associated with a base 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.6 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 0.4 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body One side exfoliated 2 or rim 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.7 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 2.2 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.8 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 1.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.9 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 1.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 4d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.10-11 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 2 13.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.12-16 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 5 15.4 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 16.17 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 2 65-80 cmbs 1 0.8 Faunal Bird Indeterminate 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.1 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 1.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Green 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.2 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 3.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, rim Wide mouth, external thread, aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.3-8 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 6 6.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Colorless 1-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.9 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 0.5 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.10 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 7.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 6d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.11 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 12.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 16d, bent 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.12 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 14.1 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 8d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.13-17 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 5 23.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, wire Fragment 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.18-20 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 3 3.9 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.21-22 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 2 2.5 Faunal Bird Indeterminate 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 17.23 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 3 65-80 cmbs 1 0.5 Faunal Mammal Tooth Incisor non-rodent 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.1-2 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 2 1.7 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.3 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 1 0.2 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 3 Slight aqua tint 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.4-9 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 6 1.8 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 2-3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.10 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 1 6.0 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 1 6d 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.11-13 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 3 4.8 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut Fragment, no head 1-2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 18.14-16 Block 5 Lot 8 T3 ST 4 65-95 cmbs 3 9.2 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Hand sawn end 1 Flat lip, wide mouth, external thread, colorless, lip to string rim: 1/8 in., 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 19.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 2 1 12.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, rim finish height: 3/4 in. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 20.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 4 1 1.0 Glass Lighting Lamp chimney Fragment Colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 20.2 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 4 1 11.2 Ceramic Ironstone Plate Fragment, rim diameter: 9 in. 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info

Scalloped edge design, gilded, molded interior lip design. Exterior 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 20.3 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 4 1 8.3 Ceramic Whiteware Plate Fragment, rim has two raised parallel lines below rim 1 Molded exterior lip design with gilding, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 20.4-5 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 4 2 42.0 Ceramic Ironstone Plate Fragment, rim diameter: 9 in. 1 Fragments refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 5.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, green 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.2-3 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 2 16.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, green 1 Fragments refit Buff salt glazed exterior, brown glaze interior with wheel marks. diameter: 9 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.4 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 43.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base in. 1 Brown glaze exterior, buff glaze Possibly from German mineral 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.5 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 13.7 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 water bottle Brown glaze exterior, brown glaze Possibly from German mineral 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.6 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 8.4 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 water bottle Brown glaze exterior, brown glaze Possibly from German mineral 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.7 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 21.3 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 water bottle German mineral water bottle with brown glaze exterior and buff glaze Fragment, base, interior with wheel marks, base Six fragments refit, all pieces 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.8-14 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 7 427.6 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle body diameter: 3 1/4 in. 1 likely from same vessel Beer bottle with translucent glaze interior and exterior, impressed oval Fragment, base, makers mark on body near base, Oval makers mark, "MURRAY & 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.15 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 119.1 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle body diameter: 2 3/4 in. 1 CO/1/GLASGOW" Buff glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.16-18 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 3 103.4 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.19 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 35.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base Milk glass 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.20 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 4.6 Personal Personal Pipe Fragment, stem Ceramic 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 21.21 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 5 1 432.5 Faunal Mammal Bovine Fragment, Pelvis Various butcher marks 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.1-2 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 2 2.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Amber 2 Two part finish with fire polished lip and rounded string rim, roughly cylindrical neck, parallel mold seams Fragment, partial to lip, colorless, bore: 3/4 in., lip shoulder, complete height: 7/8 in., string rim: 1/8 in., neck- 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.3 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 25.6 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish and neck, finish height: 1 in. 1 Two part finish with down tooled lip and string rim, tapered neck, sloped down and marked shoulder, cylindrical body, rounded heel, marked base, domed basal profile, green, bore: 5/8 Base: "DR JGB SIEGERT & in., bottle height: 8 1/4 in., bottle HIJOS", Shoulder: "Dr JGB 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.4 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 403.9 Glass Beverage bottle Bitters diameter: 2 1/4 in. 1 SIEGERT & HIJOS." 1872+ Fragment, base, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.5 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 89.8 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body Circular base, rounded heel, colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.6 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 23.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.7 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 6.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, colorless 1 "[SANFO]RD'S / [JAMAICA] GINGER / [THE QUINTESSENCE OF] JAMAICA GIN[GER] / [CHOICE AROMATIC]S & FRENCH Pharmaceutical/apothecary BRA[NDY] / [REGI]STERED" 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.8 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 16.2 Glass bottle/jar Medicine Fragment, body Aqua 1 1876. 1876+ 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.9 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 2.8 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Colorless 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.10-12 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 3 43.5 Architectural Architectural glass Window pane Fragment Aqua 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.13 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 18.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment Milk glass fragment 1 Raised rim of base present on exterior 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.14 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 7.1 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, base, rim surface 1 Buff exterior with ridged design, brown 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 22.15 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 Stratum 7 1 9.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body glaze interior 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info

One part finish with fire polished patent lip. Cylindrical ball neck with single neck ring. Sloped down shoulder. Two piece mold with separate base. Rectangular body with two chamfered corners and recessed panels on all four sides. Abrupt heel with raised lettering on base. Shallow concave basal profile, colorless, bore: Base: "W.MCC&C." Possibly Pharmaceutical/apothecary 9/16 in., bottle height: 6 3/8 in., bottle William McCully and Company, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 184.1 Glass bottle/jar length: 1 1/8 in., bottle width: 2 3/8 in. 1 Pittsburg, PA 1841 - c. 1909 Two piece mold. Raised lettering. Fragments refit, "CANTRELL Fragment, base, Convex basal profile, green, diameter: &/COCHRANE/ BELFAST 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.2-9 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 8 469.1 Glass Beverage bottle Soda body 2 1/8 in. 1 &/DUBLIN" 1868+ Round base, dome/flat indentation basal profile, two vertical, parallel seams on exterior surface, eight sided Fragment, complete panel decoration, handle join, base, partial body colorless, diameter: 2 3/8 in., height: 6 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.10 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 424.9 Glass Drinkware Mug and rim 1/4 in. 1 One part finish with fire polished prescription lip. Cylindrical neck. Sloped down shoulder. Two parallel Fragment, partial seams on neck, colorless, bore: 3/8 shoulder, complete in., lip height: 3/16 in., neck-finish 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.11 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 13.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish height: 1 in. 1 Two part finish with down tooled lip and rounded string rim. Cylindrical neck with neck ring at shoulder junction. parallel mold seams to base of finish. Sloped down shoulder, Fragment, partial colorless, bore: 5/8 in., lip height: 3/4 shoulder, complete in., string rim: 3/16 in., neck-finish 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.12 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 49.9 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish height: 1 11/16 in. 1 Fragment, partial neck, complete Crown finish, tapered neck,aqua, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.13 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 42.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate finish bore: 9/16 in., finish height: 11/16 in. 1 1892+ Rounded finish with cylindrical neck. Sloped down shoulder. One seam Fragment, partial present to base of finish, aqua, bore: neck and shoulder, 11/16 in., finish height: 3/4 in., neck- 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.14 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 89.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate complete finish finish height: 1 1/4 in. 1

Circular base, rounded heel, mamelon dome basal profile. Raised symbol, Raised symbol: Possible greek 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.15 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 120.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, base green, diameter: 2 3/8 in. 1 symbol 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.16 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 52.0 Glass Drinkware Indeterminate Fragment, body Panel design, colorless 1 2 fragments do not refit but are of same vessel. Upper: Curved, raised lettering on raised "HAS[TINGS]BREWING/HA[STI 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.17-18 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 2 47.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body circular area , amber 1 N]GS/ MIN…" 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.19 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 26.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, green 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.20 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 8.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 1 "DESIGN PATENTED" over raised diamond logo with raised Recessed panel on body, rounded lettering "IGCO" inside. Illinois Fragment, base, heel and shallow concave basal glass company mark used from 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.21-22 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 37.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate body profile with raised lettering. Colorless 1 1895-1915. 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.23 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 1.2 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, rim Rounded lip, colorless 2

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info

Beer bottle with translucent glaze interior with wheel marks. Translucent glaze exterior with mustard glaze appearing on the upper part of the "5" above makers mark. Oval body, impressed 5 over an impressed makers mark, "MURRAY & Fragment, complete oval makers mark on body near base, BUCHAN/POTTERY/ 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.24 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 415.5 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle base, partial body diameter: 2 3/4 in. 1 PORTOBELLO" c. 1867-1882

Circular makers mark, outside German mineral water bottle with ring: "BELLTHAL-W-BRUNNEN- brown glaze exterior and brown glaze M", Inside circle: Fancy script. interior with wheel marks. Impressed Underneath makers mark: 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.25 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 57.6 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, body circular makers mark and lettering 1 "COBERN A/D MOSEL" Buff glaze exterior with an incised line 1 in. below the rim, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.26 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 137.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, rim interior, diameter: 7 in. 1 Gray glazed exterior and interior, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.27 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 73.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base diameter: 8 in. 1 Gray salt glaze exterior with parallel tool incised lines 5/8 in. below rim, brown glazed interior transitioning to 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.28 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 50.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, rim mustard glazed towards rim 1 Mustard glaze exterior, translucent 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.29 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 18.9 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, body glaze interior with wheel marks 1 Beer bottle finish and neck fragment. One raised ring under lip, mustard glazed exterior, translucent glazed interior with wheel marks and a line of mustard glaze near the lip, bore: 5/8 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.30 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 22.0 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle Fragment, neck, lip in. 1 Gray salt glaze exterior, brown glazed 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.31 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 28.4 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 Gray salt glaze exterior, brown glazed 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.32 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 38.2 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 1

21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.33 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 186.5 Architectural Plumbing/heating/piping Drainage tile Fragment Brown salt glaze exterior and interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.34 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 21.0 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.35 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 2.3 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.36-37 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 7.2 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 Fragments refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.38 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 15.9 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, base 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.39 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 13.0 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, body 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.40 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 15.6 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.41-42 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 2 8.6 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body 1-2 Fragments refit 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.43-53 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 11 45.3 Ceramic Whiteware Indeterminate Fragment, body 1-2 Fragments refit Shell button, gut loop shank, flat back, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.54 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 1.0 Personal Clothing Button diameter: 9/16 in. 2 Prosser button. White, sunken face, four hole. Molded indentations on 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.55 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 0.2 Personal Clothing Button raised edge, diameter: 3/8 in. 3 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.56-57 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 2 1.2 Architectural Electrical materials Electrical wire 2-3

Circular, domed piece of cast iron with 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.58 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 265.5 Architectural Indeterminate Indeterminate four fittings inside, diameter: 2 3/4 in. 1 Cast iron strap with a rusted knob at one end and a hole near the center, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.59 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 82.1 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate width: 7/8 in. 1 Two part finish with down tooled lip and rounded string rim. Tapered neck. parallel mold seams to base of finish, Fragment, partial amber, bore: 3/4 in., lip height: 3/4 in., shoulder, complete string rim: 1/4 in., neck-finish height: 4 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.60 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 112.5 Glass Beverage bottle Indeterminate finish and neck 1/2 in. 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.61 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 1.6 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment Milk glass 2 Buff glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.62 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 142.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base interior with wheel marks 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info

Buff glaze exterior with single incised 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.63 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 47.9 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body line decoration, brown glaze interior 1 Buff glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.64 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 21.0 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 1 Buff glaze exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.65 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 18.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior 1 Gray salt glaze exterior with parallel incised lines, brown glaze interior with 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.66 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 72.0 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body wheel marks 1 Gray salt glaze exterior, dark gray 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.67 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 22.1 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body glaze interior 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.68 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 154.7 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Long bone fragment with sawn ends 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.69 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 27.9 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Fragment, Pelvis 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.70 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 13.2 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Fragment, rib 1 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 23.71 Block 5 Lot 8 Feature 2 General cleanup 1 0.3 Glass Lighting Lamp chimney Fragment Curved, colorless 2

Rounded finish with cylindrical neck. Sloped down shoulder. Parallel seams present to base of finish, two piece mold with separate base. Hutchinson stopper. Raised circular line on body and raised lettering near base. Circular base with rounded heel and a shallow concave basal profile. Raised diamond logo on base with raised Raised lettering near base: "8-S lettering inside. Raised numbers A B CO." Raised lettering in All layers to below diamond, aqua, bore: 5/8 in., diamond logo on base: "THE bedrock, W 1/3 of bottle height: 6 3/4 in., bottle diameter: LIQUID", Numbers underneath 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 409.6 Glass Beverage bottle Soda 2 5/16 in. 1 diamond: "35. 1879-1915+10"

All layers to Fragment, complete Barrel body. Flat heel with a dome bedrock, W 1/3 of base, partial body, basal profile, colorless. Cup height: 4 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.2 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 246.4 Glass Drinkware Tumbler partial rim in. Base diameter: 2 in. 1 Sloped down shoulder. Recessed side panel with raised lettering. Two semi recessed panels with raised lettering Side panel: "C. I. HOO[D] [&] All layers to on front panel. One seam present C[O]", front panel top: bedrock, W 1/3 of Pharmaceutical/apothecary Fragment, body, down front and side panel junction, "HOOD['S]", front panel bottom: 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.3 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 125.0 Glass bottle/jar Sarsaparilla shoulder aqua 1 "SARSA", 1876+ Rounded lip, cylindrical neck with All layers to molded neck ring, aqua, bore: 1 3/4 bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, partial in., lip height: 1/4 in., lip to neck ring: 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.4 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 61.5 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate neck, complete rim 1 3/8 in. 1 Circular base. Rounded heel with a shallow concave basal profile. Inset All layers to circle with raised letter G in the bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, complete middle, amber, base diameter: 3 in., Raised "G" in middle of inset 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.5 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 237.3 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate base, partial body inset circle diameter: 1 3/4 in. 1 circle Side mold seam on body. Partial circular logo on body defined by raised curved line with raised lettering inside. Circular base with cup bottom All layers to mold seam. Rounded heel with a bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, complete shallow concave basal profile, aqua, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.6 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 147.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate base, partial body diameter: 2 3/8 in. 1 Raised lettering: "ST" All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.7 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 1.4 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, aqua 2

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info One part finish with rounded lip. Bulged neck. Rounded shoulder. Circular body. Two parallel mold seams from base of finish to cup bottom mold seam. Circular base with Raised lettering on body: rounded heel and shallow concave "BROMO- basal profile. Raised lettering on body SELTZER/EMERSON/DRUG All layers to and base, cobalt blue, bore: 5/8 in., CO./BALTIMORE, MD." Raised bedrock, W 1/3 of Pharmaceutical/Apothecary bottle height: 2 3/4 in., base diameter: lettering on body near base:" A B 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.8 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 44.8 Glass Bottle/Jar Bromo-Seltzer 1 1/8 in. 1 CO." Base: "26", 1889+ All layers to Circular base with a flat heel and bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, complete shallow concave basal profile, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.9 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 64.7 Glass Drinkware Tumbler base, partial body colorless, diameter: 2 in. 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.10-12 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 3 50.7 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Curved, green 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.13 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 2.8 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate Fragment Thin angled glass, colorless 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.14 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 88.1 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate Fragment, body Flat panel front, flat panel side, aqua 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, neck, Cylindrical neck with a sloped down 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.15 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 38.0 Glass Misc. bottle/jar Indeterminate shoulder shoulder, aqua 1 All layers to Fragments refit, fragments from bedrock, W 1/3 of lidded bowl. Likely from same 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.16-17 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 67.7 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim Bowl rim 1 vessel as 24.18-25

All layers to Fragments refit, fragments from bedrock, W 1/3 of lidded bowl. Likely from same 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.18-19 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 120.2 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim Bowl rim 1 vessel as 24.16-17 and 24.20-25 All layers to Fragments from lidded bowl. bedrock, W 1/3 of Likely from same vessel as 24.16 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.20-21 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 140.2 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, base Footed base, diameter: 7 in. 1 19 and 24.22-25 All layers to Fragments from lidded bowl. bedrock, W 1/3 of Likely from same vessel as 24.16 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.22 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 71.7 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, rim 1 21 and 24.23-25 All layers to Fragments from lidded bowl. bedrock, W 1/3 of Likely from same vessel as 24.16 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.23-25 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 3 65.6 Ceramic Ironstone Indeterminate Fragment, body 1 22 Gray glaze exterior with a thin yellow All layers to glaze strip just above the base. bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, base, Bottom of base is unglazed, gray Possible jug. Likely same vessel 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.26 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 132.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate body glaze interior. diameter: 7 in. 1 as 24.27-34 Gray glaze exterior with a thin yellow All layers to glaze strip just above the base. Fragments refit, possible jug. bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, base, Bottom of base is unglazed, gray Likely same vessel as 24.26 and 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.27-28 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 118.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate body glaze interior, diameter: 7 in. 1 24.29-34 All layers to Two fragments refit, possible jug. bedrock, W 1/3 of Likely same vessel as 24.26-28 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.29-32 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 4 102.7 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body Gray glaze exterior and interior 1 and 24.33-34

All layers to Fragment, partial Gray glaze exterior and interior, upper bedrock, W 1/3 of shoulder, complete handle join with partial handle Two fragments refit, likely same 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.33-34 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 206.5 Ceramic Stoneware Jug rim and neck present, tapered neck,bore: 1 1/8 in. 1-3 vessel as 24.26-32 Beer bottle with translucent glaze interior and exterior, with wheel Fragments refit, oval makers All layers to marks on interior, impressed oval mark, bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, complete makers mark on body near base, "BUCHAN/7/PORTOBELLO", 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.35-36 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 2 265.7 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle base, partial body diameter: 2 7/8 in. 1 1882+ All layers to Beer bottle finish, mustard glaze bedrock, W 1/3 of Fragment, neck, exterior, white glaze interior of neck 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.37 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 10.8 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle finish with mustard glaze interior of finish. 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.38 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 64.7 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body Gray glaze interior and exterior 1

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info All layers to White glaze interior with wheel marks, bedrock, W 1/3 of white glaze exterior with yellow glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.39 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 77.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body on upper part of sherd 1 Likely beer bottle fragment All layers to Brown glaze interior and exterior, bedrock, W 1/3 of single incised line decoration on 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.40 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 55.5 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, rim exterior 1/2 in. below rim 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of Matte brown glaze interior with wheel 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.41 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 42.4 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body marks, buff glaze exterior 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of Glaze remnants and wheel marks on 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.42 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 16.2 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior and exterior 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of Gray salt glazed exterior, brown glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.43 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 162.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body interior with wheel marks 1 All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.44 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 22.9 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Fragment, rib One sawn end All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.45 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 11.6 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate Indeterminate Lacking epiphsys All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.46 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 209.4 Faunal Mammal Bovine Fragment, Pelvis Hand sawn through All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.47 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 27.5 Architectural Fasteners Nail, machine-cut 30d All layers to bedrock, W 1/3 of Hardware (non-architectural 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 24.48 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping excavation area 1 316.8 Activities and non-furniture) Wrench Double head wrench 1 One piece rounded lip, cylindrical, Fragment, partial fluted neck, sloped down shoulder, All layers to neck and shoulder, bore: 3/4 in., lip height: 1/2 in., neck- 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.1 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 71.3 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate complete finish, finish height: 3 1/2 in. 1 Circular base, dome/flat indentation basal profile, handle join with partial handle attached. Portion of handle All layers to Fragment, complete not attached, colorless, diameter: 2 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.2-3 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 2 235.4 Glass Drinkware Mug base and handle 1/2 in. 1 Circular base, flat heel, starburst All layers to Fragment, base, design on bottom of base, panel 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.4 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 43.9 Glass Indeterminate Indeterminate body design on body, colorless 1 White glaze interior with wheel marks, All layers to Fragment, complete white glaze exterior. diameter: 2 7/8 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.5 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 250.6 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle base, partial body in. 1 Possible beer bottle

White glaze interior with wheel marks, All layers to Fragment, base, speckled gray, thin overglaze exterior, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.6 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 183.4 Ceramic Stoneware Bottle body diameter: 2 7/8 in. 1 Possible beer bottle

Speckled gray, thin overglaze interior with wheel marks. Speckled gray, thin All layers to overglaze exterior with mustard glaze 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.7 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 94.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body appearing toward top of sherd. 1 Possible beer bottle All layers to Brown glaze interior with wheel 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.8-9 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 2 56.8 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, base marks, unglazed exterior 1 Fragments refit All layers to Speckled brown glaze interior with 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.10 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 36.9 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, body wheel marks. Brown glaze exterior 1 Brown glazed interior except for unglazed strip near the lip, brown All layers to glazed exterior except for entire lip 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.11 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 62.3 Ceramic Stoneware Indeterminate Fragment, rim which is not glazed 1

Lustreware, interior and exterior hand All layers to Fragment, base, applied copper banding along rim, 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.12 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 67.3 Ceramic Ironstone Cup body, rim hand applied tea leaf pattern on body 1 1850+

21DK0081 TH 61 Hastings Bridge Project Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations

Weight Size Site # Site Name Catalog # Test Area Transect Provenience Depth Count (gm) Class Subclass Artifact Component Morphology Grade Additional Info Enamelware, white interior, blue All layers to Containers, utensils, Fragment, base, exterior, height: 2 1/4 in., diameter: 11 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.13 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 314.5 Kitchen sundries-non-ceramic Unidentified vessel body, rim in. 1 All layers to 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.14 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 49.5 Faunal Mammal Bovine Fragment, tibia Sawn end All layers to 21DK0081 St. John's Hotel and Saloon 25.15 Block 5 Lot 8 Backhoe scraping bedrock 1 6.6 Activities Recreation and toys Doll Porcelain doll leg fragment 1

21DK0081