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Visas-Wording Paper-6-2-10.Doc Page 1 of 89 Visas-Wording Paper-6-2-10.doc Page 1 of 89 Visas – Wording Paper 1 Visas – Wording Paper .................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction – What is a US Visa? ............................................................................................... 3 Visa Category 1 – Immigrant (Permanent) ................................................................................. 4 Visa Category 2 – Nonimmigrant (Temporary) .......................................................................... 5 Resolution Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 7 Resolution Stem Options ............................................................................................................... 8 Resolution Area Options ............................................................................................................... 9 Appendix 1 – Stem Definitions ................................................................................................... 13 Definitions – Reduce – Decrease ................................................................................................. 13 Definitions – Reduce – Lessen in Quantity ................................................................................ 14 Definitions – Reduce – Weaken .................................................................................................. 16 Definitions – Reduce – Limit ....................................................................................................... 17 Definitions – Regulations – Administrative Rules .................................................................... 18 Definitions – Restrict – Prevent/Prohibit ................................................................................... 19 Definitions – Restrict – Limit ...................................................................................................... 20 Definitions – Restrict – Limit ...................................................................................................... 21 Definitions – Restriction .............................................................................................................. 22 Definitions – Immigration ........................................................................................................... 23 Definitions – To, Into ................................................................................................................... 24 Definitions – United States .......................................................................................................... 25 Appendix 2 – Area Definitions .................................................................................................... 26 Definitions – Employment-based Immigrant Visas .................................................................. 26 Definitions – Family-based Immigrant Visas ............................................................................ 29 Definitions – Nonimmigrant Temporary Worker Visas .......................................................... 30 Appendix 3 –Types of Visa Affirmatives ................................................................................... 31 1. Visa-Specific Change Affs ....................................................................................................... 31 A. Visa-Specific Affs – Employment .......................................................................................... 31 B. Visa-Specific Affs – Students .................................................................................................. 47 C. Visa-Specific Affs – Family .................................................................................................... 56 1 This draft written by Adrienne F. Brovero, University of Mary Washington, based on valuable assistance from Steve Mancuso and Kathryn Rubino. UMW Debate 10-11 Visas-Wording Paper-6-2-10.doc Page 2 of 89 D. Visa-Specific Affs – Crime ..................................................................................................... 66 E. Visa-Specific Affs – Other ...................................................................................................... 72 2. Across-Visa Process Affs ......................................................................................................... 74 3. New Visa Class Affs ................................................................................................................. 81 Appendix 4 – Visa Application Process ..................................................................................... 89 UMW Debate 10-11 Visas-Wording Paper-6-2-10.doc Page 3 of 89 Introduction – What is a US Visa? The State Department describes a US visa as a document that indicates a foreign citizen’s eligibility to request entry into the US State Department Bureau of Consular Affairs, no date (“What is a U.S. Visa?”, http://travel.state.gov/visa/questions/what/what_4429.html, accessed 5-24-10) What is a U.S. Visa? A citizen of a foreign country who seeks to enter the United States (U.S.) generally must first obtain a U.S. visa, which is placed in the traveler’s passport, a travel document issued by the traveler’s country of citizenship. Certain international travelers may be eligible to travel to the U.S. without a visa if they meet the requirements for visa-free travel. The Visa section of this website is all about U.S. visas for foreign citizens to travel to the U.S. (Note: U.S. citizens don’t need a U.S. visa for travel, but when planning travel abroad may need a visa issued by the embassy of the country they wish to visit. In this situation, when planning travel abroad, learn about visa requirements by country, see Country Specific Travel Information in the International Travel section of this website.) How Can I use a Visa to Enter the U.S.? Having a U.S. visa allows you to travel to a port of entry, airport or land border crossing, and request permission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection (CBP) inspector to enter the U.S. While having a visa does not guarantee entry to the U.S, it does indicate a consular officer at a U.S Embassy or Consulate abroad has determined you are eligible to seek entry for that specific purpose. DHS/CBP inspectors, guardians of the nation’s borders, are responsible for admission of travelers to the U.S., for a specified status and period of time. DHS also has responsibility for immigration matters while you are present in the U.S.. What Types of Visas Are There? The type of visa you must obtain is defined by U.S. immigration law, and relates to the purpose of your travel. There are two main categories of U.S. visas : * Nonimmigrant visas – For travel to the U.S. on a temporary basis. Learn more. * Immigrant visas – For travel to live permanently in the U.S. Learn more. US visa allows the bearer to apply for entry to the US under a particular classification US Citizenship and Immigration Services, no date (Glossary, “Visa”, http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/? vgnextoid=0e61a4491c35f010VgnVCM1000000ecd190aRCRD&vgnextchannel=b328194d3e88d010VgnVCM100 00048f3d6a1RCRD, accessed 5-24-10) Visa A U.S. visa allows the bearer to apply for entry to the U.S. in a certain classification (e.g. student (F), visitor (B), temporary worker (H)). A visa does not grant the bearer the right to enter the United States. The Department of State (DOS) is responsible for visa adjudication at U.S. Embassies and Consulates outside of the U.S. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (BCBP) immigration inspectors determine admission into, length of stay and conditions of stay in, the U.S. at a port of entry. The information on a nonimmigrant visa only relates to when an individual may apply for entry into the U.S. DHS immigration inspectors will record the terms of your admission on your Arrival/Departure Record (I-94 white or I-94W green) and in your passport. Categories There are two main categories of visas: Immigrant (permanent) v. Nonimmigrant (temporary), which are addressed below. For a description of the visa application process, please see Appendix 4. UMW Debate 10-11 Visas-Wording Paper-6-2-10.doc Page 4 of 89 Visa Category 1 – Immigrant (Permanent) Immigrant Visas2 (http://travel.state.gov/visa/immigrants/types/types_1326.html, accessed 5-24-10) 1. Family – spouses, fiancées, children, adoptions, other family members of various degrees of relation 2. Employment-based – 5 preference levels 3. Special Immigrants – Afghan & Iraqi translators, Afghans & Iraqis working with or on behalf of USFG, religious workers 4. Diversity - Visas provided are drawn from countries with low rates of immigration to the U.S. Immigrant Visas – description3 Batalova, Migration Policy Institute policy analyst, 6 (Jeanne, Migration Policy Institute Insight, January 2006, “The Growing Connection Between Temporary and Permanent Immigration Systems”, vol. 14, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/ITFIAF/TFI_Batalova.pdf, p. 1-2, accessed 5-24-10) Permanent immigration has been at the core of nation-building from its very conception. US immigration law addresses social, humanitarian, and economic goals through three broad permanent immigration streams: family reunification, employment sponsorship, and humanitarian protection (refugee and asylum adjustments). The
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