Situation Report Last updated: 9 Dec 2020

HIGHLIGHTS (9 Dec 2020)

NORTH-WEST AND SOUTH-WEST REGIONS SITUATION REPORT

On 24 October, the deadliest and most violent attacks on education since the beginning of the crisis in 2017 occurred in Kumba with at least eight school children killed.

291,813 people benefitted from food assistance during October.

71,731 new learners in the North-West and South- West (NWSW) regions were provided access to learning.

669 Gender Based Violence (GBV) incidents were reported in the two regions.

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

KEY FIGURES FUNDING (2020) CONTACTS

Carla Martinez 3M 1.4M $390.9M $168.8M Head of Office Affected people in Targeted for Required Received [email protected]

NWSW assistance in NWSW

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A 705.8K 360.5K S Progress [email protected] IDPs within or Returnees (former displaced from IDP) in NWSW NWSW Ilham Moussa FTS: https://fts.unocha.org/appeals/9 Head of Sub-Office North-West region 27/summary [email protected] 61.3K Cameroonian Marie Bibiane Mouangue refugees in Nigeria Public information Officer [email protected]

VISUAL (9 Dec 2020)

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Map of IDP, Returnees and Refugees from the North-West and South-West Regions of Cameroon

Source: OCHA, UNHCR, IOM, CHOI, Partners

The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

BACKGROUND (9 Dec 2020)

Situation Overview

In the past two months (September and October 2020), and especially following school resumption on 5 October 2020, there has been an increase in the number of attacks on education. The month of October saw the most violent and bloody attacks on education experienced since the beginning of the crisis in 2017. Incidents reported this month include cases of killing, torture and abduction of students and teachers, as well as arson of education facilities. Major incidents were recorded in Bui and divisions in the North-West region (NW), , and divisions in the South-West (SW), with the Kumba massacre on 24 October being the deadliest and most violent attack. At least eight children were killed, and more than a dozen were wounded after unidentified gunmen stormed the Mother Francisca International Bilingual Academy in Kumba, Meme division on that day. On 23 October, the day before, 15 students of the Progressive

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Comprehensive College of were reportedly abducted by non-state armed group (NSAG) fighters while returning from school. They were taken to an unknown destination and tortured. Six of them were released on the same day and the others on a later date. Both NSAGs and Government security forces accused each other of the massacre in Kumba as well as of other attacks against education. Between 27 and 30 October women and children marched on the streets of many towns in the NWSW demanding an end to the crisis. The Humanitarian Coordinator in Cameroon released a statement on 24 October condemning the killing of students in Kumba.

Separatist have remained divided on their position with regards to education. While some separatists called openly on social media for a resumption of schooling, pupils, students and teachers continue to be physically attacked and to receive threats from other separatists through audio messages. No NSAG group has issued any public statement to reflect that orders have been given to the fighters under their influence to avoid any threats or other targeting of schools as well as children, teachers and parents.

Incidents perpetrated by Government security forces were also reported in October. This includes security forces forcibly transporting children to Government schools in military vans, the occupation of non-operational school facilities, and the closing down of informal or community schools in favour of Government schools. Such incidents were reported in Ngo- Ketunjia, Bui and Donga Mantung divisions, all in the NW region.

The month of October also saw cases of harassment of humanitarians, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), lockdown days and roadblocks, obstructing humanitarian access of aid agencies to people in need.

VISUAL (9 Dec 2020)

Cameroon 2020 North-West and South-West Crisis - Funding by sector (in million US$) as of 2 November 2020

All humanitarian partners, including donors and recipient agencies, are encouraged to inform OCHA's Financial Tracking Service (FTS - http://fts.unocha.org) of cash and in-kind contributions by e-mailing: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Response: Education

In the first month of the 2020-2021 school year, less than 30 percent of schools in the anglophone regions of Cameroon have been operational, with a higher concentration of students attending education in urban centers despite an insufficient number of teachers in the classrooms.

Only 730 primary schools out of 3,127 (23 per cent) and 142 secondary schools out of 558 (25 per cent) in the NW region are operational. In the SW region, 837 out of 2,195 (38 per cent) primary schools and 89 out of 352 (25 per cent) secondary schools are operational. On average, 50 percent attendance by teachers is recorded for both regions. However, in the NW, 79 percent of secondary and 60 percent of primary school teachers are not at work.

October 2020 was noteworthy for the high level of atrocities committed against children and education personnel in the NWSW regions. The education cluster, in collaboration with OCHA and with the support from partners, is engaging in advocacy with actors on the ground to refrain from attacks on education and the use of education as a political tool.

In spite of all these hostilities, education cluster partners were able to continue providing access to learning for 71,731 new learners (32,022 boys and 39,709 girls) in the regions including through community sensitization for safe and protective learning, distance learning, provision of essential teaching and learning materials, and capitation grants for learning.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Food Security

In October, 14 food security cluster partners collectively assisted 291,813 people, out of which 72 percent received food assistance either through in-kind or the cash/voucher modality. In October, most of the beneficiaries (72 percent) were in the NW region. 28 percent of the total beneficiaries received support in agriculture and livelihood related activities such as trainings, poultry donations, grants/loans for small businesses, farming assistance, and home gardening support. 395 persons received training on COVID-19 awareness, and rural women were trained on the cultivation of organic vegetables and crops.

The food security cluster continued to hold its online coordination meetings and its technical working groups meetings - TWG (food assistance TWG and agriculture/livelihoods TWG) to specifically discuss issues around harmonization of relief packages and ensure coordination to avoid duplication. These meetings also provided a platform to harmonize approaches, develop standardized tools, assistance packages and to identify critical technical capacity gaps.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Health

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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect the NWSW regions, the World Health Organization (WHO) has secured funds through the pandemic emergency financing facility of the World Bank to strengthen the response to COVID-19 in the two regions in the coming months. A total of 30 out of 37 health districts have reported at least one positive case since the beginning of the outbreak. Meanwhile, the number of cases is decreasing. Although testing capacity has increased greatly since the onset of the pandemic, the rate of positive PCR tests has reduced from 49 percent in May 2020 to five percent in October 2020. Less than two percent of available isolation beds in treatment centres in both regions are occupied.

The series of violent attacks in Kumba and Bamenda in October 2020 have had a negative impact on the mental health of the population, especially in the SW region. There has been a concerted effort by the humanitarian community to improve the availability of mental health services to the affected populations through capacity building of local actors to provide psychological first aid (PFA) to people mentally affected by these events.

Health cluster partners were able to provide life-saving assistance to persons in need despite the precarious security situation in the NWSW regions. WHO donated one trauma kit to the Bamenda regional hospital and another to the Kumba district hospital. These hospitals are hosting one trauma surgeon each deployed by WHO. A total of 62 surgical procedures were performed by the trauma surgeons in October. The clinical psychologists deployed by WHO consulted 99 patients, screened 100 people for mental health illnesses, trained health personnel on PFA, and members of some organizations on community mental health and psychosocial support. UNICEF, through its implementing partner CARITAS, supported the implementation of basic health services, immunization, and COVID-19 prevention activities for IDPs in , Ngo- Ketunjia, Manyu, , and Meme divisions in the NWSW regions. 5,797 children 6-59 months old were vaccinated with routine vaccines and 1,830 children were treated for acute respiratory tract infections. 4,261 households received mosquito nets while 265,334 people were reached with messages on the prevention of infectious diseases including COVID-19 and the importance of seeking health care.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Nutrition

The Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) conducted in August 2020 in the NWSW regions showed low coverage of nutrition services in the assessed villages highlighting the need to scale up nutrition services. Only 25 percent of the assessed villages reported availability of nutrition services/response. While 65 percent of these villages reported the availability of nutrition screening, only 24 percent reported that the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was available.

57,793 children (33,541 in the NW and 24,252 in the SW) were screened for acute malnutrition this month, a 54 per cent increase in the screening rate compared to September. This can be attributed to improved access by partners to target locations. 110 children (0.2 percent) were identified with SAM and 687 (1.1 percent) with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). All 110 children identified with SAM were referred for appropriate lifesaving treatment in UNICEF supported centres. Cumulatively, 840 SAM cases have been identified and treated in 2020 reflecting 33 percent of the cluster target for 2020. A total of 48,889 persons (16,031 males and 32,858 females) were sensitized on key messages on infant and young child feeding practices integrating COVID-19 specific messages (74 percent increase compared to September 2020). Also,1,633 caregivers were trained to detect and refer children suffering from SAM for treatment. Under the preventive programme for

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malnutrition in food insecure areas, 10,249 children between six to 23 months and 6,558 pregnant and lactating women (PLW) were reached under the Blanket Supplementary Feeding Program (BSFP) implemented by World Food Programme (WFP) partners. High levels of insecurity in BSFP locations, especially in the NW, slowed down the distribution process. Furthermore, the rainy season also affected implementation of the BSFP activities.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Protection

The protection environment in the NWSW continued to deteriorate in October due to increasing insecurity with attacks on education, indiscriminate arrests by Government security forces, targeted killings and threats against the population and military raids. Frequent clashes between Government security forces and NSAGs continued to lead to population displacement.

During protection monitoring activities in October 2020, population movements were reported in many localities in the two regions. In Fiango, Kumba 2 subdivision (SW), about 300 persons were forced to leave their homes. About 1,000 people moved from the subdivision (NW) to the bushes and neighbouring villages due to indiscriminate arrests by Government security forces. Many people moved from Awing to Santa (NW) and about 150 children and their parents fled from lower Ndungated in Lebialem (SW) to Fongo Tongo and in the West region to give opportunity for their children to go to school safely. In Besongabang, Mamfe central subdivision (SW), about 50 persons fled to the bushes after a gun battle broke out between Government security forces and NSAGs. Many families in the localities of Yang, Iso, and Tchinifoinmbi, in Njinikom subdivision (NW), fled into the bushes following a military raid in the area that was characterised by arbitrary arrests, killing, looting, and burning down of houses. Similar incidents were reported in Aboh, Anyajua, Agin, Elemingho, Tumuku, Ntualatua in Belo subdivision (NW) on 6 October resulting in the displacement of about 9,000 individuals into bushes and nearby villages like Mbingo.

After the massacre of children in Kumba, an interagency United Nations assessment mission was conducted, and protection cluster members continue to monitor and assist to the affected population. The protection and education clusters released advocacy notes calling on all stakeholders to engage in the protection of civilians, especially women and children.

Protection monitoring activities were conducted in 13 divisions including some activities conducted remotely in Boyo, Ngoketunjia, Manyu, Lebialem and due to security reasons. In total, 903 protection incident reports were collected in October.

Protection assessments were carried out in 14 communities of nine subdivisions of the NWSW. Other protection interventions carried out during the month include: community awareness campaigns on social cohesion and peaceful coexistence by INTERSOS/UNHCR, IRC, DRC, CBC and community leaders; trainings on SGBV and livelihood activities by IRC, CBC, and INTERSOS/UNHCR; legal assistance to IDPs in detention, IDPs in need of documentation, and gender-based violence (GBV) survivors; awareness sessions on the rights of IDPs and available services; and the provision of material assistance and psychosocial support to the most vulnerable persons including IDPs and returnees.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Child Protection Area of Responsibility (AoR)

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The ongoing conflict in the NWSW regions worsened in October 2020, with schools becoming contested spaces and targets of attacks. The attacks in Kumba and Bamenda against school children were significant and have destroyed the gains made by education actors over previous years with many children and parents afraid to return to school.

Despite these setbacks, child protection actors reached 37,709 beneficiaries with a variety of interventions. The interventions included the provision of psychosocial support services to children and caregivers, reaching 13,703 beneficiaries (11,583 children and 2,120 adults); case management for unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) and other vulnerable children reaching 893 children (519 girls and 374 boys); and support to community- based child protection committees reaching 525 beneficiaries. Lastly, child protection actors continued with awareness raising sessions to sensitize communities on child protection risks and concerns, gender-based violence (GBV) and COVID- 19 preventive measures and symptoms reaching 18,905 beneficiaries (11,589 children and 7,316 adults).

With funding from ECHO, the child protection area of responsibility rolled out case management trainings to build the capacity of child protection actors in this critical child protection intervention. One training was held in Bamenda in October with 27 participants (21 female and 7 male). This will improve the participants capacities to identify and manage cases of UASC and other vulnerable children in the field.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: GBV Area of Responsibility

The number of reported GBV cases remains very high with 669 cases reported in October. Sexual violence represents 35 percent of the reported cases while survivors’ access to a multi sectoral response remains a challenge. Survivors of GBV incidents are mostly women (85 percent), 11 percent of which are living with disabilities, and 49 percent are children. Survivors received various services including psychosocial support (20 percent), healthcare (24 percent), livelihood services (32 percent) and legal assistance (one percent). There is a critical need to scale up lifesaving GBV services including prevention activities, treatment and social support.

A total of 18,325 persons were reached with GBV prevention and response interventions in October including GBV awareness raising and information on available services. Also,11,120 dignity kits were distributed to women and girls, 50 women and girls participated in safe space activities, 1,743 beneficiaries received psychosocial support and psychosocial first aid services, 1,874 men and boys were reached in engagement activities, and 1,883 youth and adolescents were sensitized. 64 participants took part in life skill development for women and girls, and capacity building trainings on GBV concepts for community members and frontline workers.

TRENDS (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Shelter/NFI

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In the SW, UNHCR through its partner Plan International assisted 954 households in the Fako division, mostly in the West Coast, and Limbe subdivisions. Core relief items were distributed to 254 households, 196 households received light emergency shelter kits and 508 households received shelter material as their houses had been partly damaged as a result of attacks.

In the NW, UNHCR and partners assisted 800 households with core relief items in the Widikum subdivision. 1,000 vulnerable members of the assisted communities also received shelter kits. Eight households corresponding to 41 individuals in some quarters within Bamenda receive rental subsidies from SHUMAS.

TRENDS (2 Nov 2020)

Humanitarian Response: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Despite numerous lockdowns impacting on delivery during September, 28,800 individuals received WASH services including COVID-19 prevention interventions implemented by seven WASH partners in the NWSW regions. WASH partner EPDA constructed 42 emergency latrines to be used by at least 8,300 people in Idabato, Kombo Itindi and Limbe 3 sub-divisions of Ndian and Fako divisions in the SW. 39 Community Health Workers and Hygiene Promoters/Volunteers were trained in Fako, Meme, Mezam and divisions while 36 water user committee trainings were conducted in , Fako division.

COORDINATION (9 Dec 2020)

Humanitarian Coordination

OCHA continued to advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action through two regular meetings of the Inter- Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG), two meetings of the Humanitarian Coordination Forum (HCF), three meetings of the Access Working Group and one meeting of the Information Management Working Group. OCHA chaired one Area Rapid Response Model (ARRM) update meeting to discuss progress on responses in Nguti (SW) and Belo (NW). OCHA coordinated and took the lead on an inter-agency assessment mission to Kumba on 29 October 2020.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24 Nov 2020)

COVID-19 Situation report - It covers the period from 1 to 15 November 2020

HIGHLIGHT S

From 1 to 14 November 2020, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has reported 318 new cases, 469 recoveries and 4 deaths in Cameroon. This brings the total number of positive cases to 22,692, including 433 deaths and 21,510 recoveries. The case-fatality rate is 1.9 per cent. Cameroon remains eleventh in the list of countries with the highest number of positive cases in Africa.

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The West region recorded thirty-four new cases in only one week (from 4 to 11 November 2020), including five serious cases and two deaths. This is an alarming increase compared to an average of nine cases per week in October 2020. The management teams of an increasing number of schools in Yaoundé and are reluctant to let rapid response teams conduct tests on students, despite the risk of an exponential resurgence of the pandemic in the country. Rapid screening is once again mandatory at air entry points for all travelers arriving from countries with high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, following the dismantling of a network of false COVID-19 tests.

22,6K COVID-19 cases 478 Active cases 608,9K Samples tested for COVID-19 (TDR+PCR) 1,9% Fatality rate

SIT UAT ION OVERVIEW

Cameroon remains eleventh in the list of countries with the highest number of positive cases in Africa. As of 30 October 2020, the case- Source: Cameroon COVID-19 Situation report fatality rate of the pandemic in Cameroon was two per cent. Two n.55 (From 2-8 November 2020) weeks later, the case fatality rate is 1.9 per cent. This decrease in the mortality rate country-wide suggests high recovery rates among infected people, despite new cases arise every day. The East, Far-North and South regions have not reported any new positive case among health workers for more than three weeks, compared to the seven other regions that cumulate four new cases as of 11 November 2020. In general, the epidemiological curve tends to rise with an average of 549 cases per week compared to 223 cases per week last month. On 10 November 2020, the Governor of the West region issued a press release on the exponential resurgence of COVID-19 positive cases in the region. He indicated thirty-four new cases were reported within a week (from 4 to 11 November 2020), including five serious cases and two deaths. In the Littoral region, cases grow in schools among students and teachers in the city of Douala since reports from massive screenings in schools have started. Prevention among students in schools appears to be a great concern because of overcrowded classrooms and insufficient or lack of preventive materials such as handwashing stations. During the reporting period, fifty-eight COVID-19 cases were reported among teachers and students – although fortunately with no deaths – country-wide. WHO, UNESCO and UNICEF, along with health and education partners, continue to support schools in sensitizing teachers and students, training health staff and providing personal protective equipment, as well as infection prevention and control (IPC) material. The Ministry of Public Health has reinforced COVID-19 screenings for all travelers landing on Cameroonian soil. This requirement comes after a network of fake negative COVID-19 tests sold to travelers flying to Cameroon was dismantled. According to French and local media, this network comprised seven alleged counterfeiters from Benin and Cameroon living in France.

Gaps & constraints

Respect of preventive measures throughout the country. Identification of countries where false negative results are being sold to travelers.

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Rapid response teams face the refusal of some schools’ management to administer COVID-19 screening tests to students, as they lack a Government-issued document legitimating the screenings in schools where at least one case has already been reported.

VISUAL (24 Nov 2020)

Inter-Agency Response Plan/Cameroon HRP COVID 2020

US$ 81.7 million requested /All humanitarian partners, including donors and recipient agencies, are encouraged to inform OCHA's Financial Tracking Service (FTS - http://fts.unocha.org) of cash and in-kind contributions by e-mailing: [email protected]

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24 Nov 2020)

Case management and IPC

Needs:

The Ministry of Health, with the Ministry of Basic Education and the Ministry of Secondary Education should increase the number of assessment visits to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and response actions carried out in schools in view of the resurgence of the pandemic in schools.

Response:

OCHA Sub-Office in the South-West region supported the distribution of COVID-19 tests funded by the Regional Delegation of Public Health of the Center region. 350 PCR tests and 2,500 TDR have been distributed to health districts in the South-West region from 21 October to 4 November 2020. OCHA Sub-Office in the South-West region equally received IPC equipment from UNICEF to be distributed to health partner NGOs in the region. The donation was composed of two oxygen concentrators and accessories, 3,300 gloves, 12,250 surgical masks, 325 over-blouses, 4,660 fabric masks, 50 FFP2 filtering masks, 300 protective glasses, 30

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thermo flashes and seven thermometers. With UNICEF and UNHCR funding, the Ministry of Health trained forty-eight health staff about health care provision in the context of COVID-19 in health districts receiving refugees in Adamaoua region. On 29 October 2020, WHO donated personal protective equipment and hygiene materials to five health facilities in the Littoral region: Laquintinie Hospital, the Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Douala and the Deido, Bonassama and Nylon District Hospitals. The donation consisted in 28,000 single-use overshoes, 450 protective suits, 1,440 pairs of protective glasses, 3,200 face shields, 5,500 masks, 20 polyester blouses, 23 water tanks, 56,500 ml hand gels, 200 waste bags and 70 chlorine bags. Gaps & Constraints: Channeling various donations of protective and care equipment remains a major challenge. Some donations are stored at the level of regional health delegations, instead of being transported to health facilities. The effectiveness of prevention measures in schools is questionable given the new positive cases being identified each week since massive screenings started in schools.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24 Nov 2020)

Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE)

Needs:

Implementation of the RCCE micro plans at all seventeen points of entry in the country. Response: UNICEF and WHO supported the production of communication materials in Braille (10,000 flyers) and sign language (10 audio-visual spots in French and English) for the sensitization of people living with audio or visual disabilities. UNWOMEN and UNDP implemented a sensitization project on the practice of barrier gestures through the strengthening of the resilience of vulnerable women and girls who were encouraged to develop COVID-19 induced activities such as the production of cloth face masks. UNICEF and UN-Habitat launched the multisectoral RCCE strategy with some government ministries (MINPROFF, MINJEC, MINSANTE and MINCOM) to the response against COVID-19 in poor and peri-urban neighborhoods in the cities of Yaoundé, Douala and (Center, Littoral and West regions).

Gaps & Constraints:

Attendance to mother and child health services has decreased since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in the country, including participation in mass vaccination campaigns.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24 Nov 2020)

Points of Entry (POE); Operational Support and Logistics

At country-level, 1,697 people out of 7,185 passengers from sea, air and land transport means were screened with rapid diagnostic tests at POE by health sector partners between 2 to 8 November 2020, with four positive cases. According to the report from POEs, three over four positive cases recorded were detected at the health station of the Nsimalen airport entry point in Yaoundé (Center region).

Needs:

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Reinforce testing capacities of health units at different entry points regarding the dismantlement of a network of false negative test results.

Response:

From 6 to 8 November 2020, thirty-eight staff from the entry points in the North, Adamaoua and Far-North regions have been trained in () on standard operating procedures for cross-border monitoring in the context of COVID-19 in accordance with the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) in Cameroon, under the joint partnership of the Ministry of Health, IOM and WHO.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24 Nov 2020)

Socio-economic and humanitarian support

UNDP launched applications for a capacity building support programme for 500 Cameroonian young entrepreneurs who had been negatively affected by the Coronavirus. The programme’s objective is to improve the youths’ employability by facilitating the development of entrepreneurship and vocational training in sectors with high potential for economic growth (agriculture and agro-industry). The programme targets youths in the Southwest (100), Centre (150), Littoral (150) and West regions (100), in collaboration with the Ministry of Youth and Civic Education (MINJEC), the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Family (MINPROFF), the Ministry of Small and Medium Size Enterprises and the Ministry of Social Economy and Crafts (MINPESSA).

This report is produced by OCHA Cameroon in collaboration with humanitarian partners. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. https://reliefweb.int/country/cmr https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/cameroon https://www.unocha.org/cameroon

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