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SCIENCE PROGRAMME 2019/20 New Zealand’S Antarctic Science Programme Is Driven by the Government’S Science Strategy for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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SCIENCE PROGRAMME 2019/20 New Zealand’S Antarctic Science Programme Is Driven by the Government’S Science Strategy for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean SCIENCE PROGRAMME 2019/20 New Zealand’s Antarctic Science Programme is driven by the Government’s science strategy for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Events for this season are grouped into strategic themes. CLIMATE, CRYOSPHERE, MARINE ATMOSPHERE SYSTEMS AND LITHOSPHERE Improved understanding of the past Improved conservation and resource and current state of Antarctica, its management of the Antarctic significance and implications of the marine environment. role of Antarctica in global change, and implications of global change Killer whales and marine spatial K070 for Antarctica. protection University of Canterbury This team will work in McMurdo Sound to study Antarctic killer K045 whales from the ice edge. They will collect photo-ID images to Seasonal flow of the Ross Ice Shelf characterise the whale population, dart biopsies to investigate Victoria University of Wellington diet and kinship, and record vocalisations and behaviour using This team will install global positioning system (GPS) receiver hydrophones, camera traps, and a remote operating vehicle. units on the Ross Ice Shelf. The units will remain in place Results from this research will contribute to understanding the for two years to collect information on rate of flow (forward effectiveness of the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area. movement) of the ice shelf and seasonal patterns of flow. Field measurements will be combined with satellite data to create computer simulations of ice shelf movement, which will ultimately increase our understanding of how the ice shelf will respond to climate change. Adélie penguin population ecology K083-A NIWA, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research This team will study Adélie penguin population dynamics at Ross Ice Shelf programme K061 Cape Bird. Scientists will assess links between environmental University of Otago, Victoria University of Wellington, University of conditions, foraging paths and behaviour of individual breeding Canterbury, University of Waikato, University of Auckland, GNS Science, adults, and chick growth and recruitment. The team will also NIWA, UC Santa Cruz, Georgia Institute of Technology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University) study over-winter survival and migration paths. The research This team will work from a location known as Hot Water Drill aims to understand and forecast Adélie penguin population site 2 (HWD2), in the middle of the Ross Ice Shelf. In 2017/18, a dynamics in response to a range of management and climate 370 m deep hole was drilled through the ice shelf as part of an change scenarios. interdisciplinary project, and scientists deployed equipment which measures the temperature and saltiness of the ocean beneath the ice. This season, the team will visit HWD2 to download data collected over the past year. This information will help us to K083-B understand how the Ross Ice Shelf will respond to a warming ocean. Weddell seals NIWA, Cawthron Institute This team will study the underwater movement and diet of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound. Scientists will investigate New flow laws for Ice Sheets K062 how Weddell seals move within their environment, and how University of Otago, Korea Polar Research Institute, their underwater movements are linked to what they are University of Tasmania eating. Researchers will also study the long-term over-winter This team will camp at the Priestley Glacier where they will movement of Weddell seals, after they have given birth, to study ice structure by using seismic waves (low frequency identify key areas with enough food to prepare them for the sound waves). Scientists will detonate small explosives and next breeding season. measure the sound waves that travel through the ice. This research will improve our understanding of how ice flows, how that flow might change with warming temperatures and how it may respond to potential ice shelf collapse. INLAND & Ancient Adélie penguins K083-D Improved understanding of inland and coastal NIWA, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research COASTAL This team will visit ancient Adélie penguin breeding sites on K064 Greenhouse gases in Antarctic ecosystems of the Ross Sea region leading Ross Island, where they will gather guano, bone, feather and permafrost ECOSYSTEMS eggshell samples. DNA from these samples will be used to University of Otago, Sapienza Universita di Roma to enhanced knowledge, conservation and reconstruct changes in penguin diet and population size over This joint New Zealand/Italian team will work in the McMurdo the past 8,000 years. Understanding how changes in diet Dry Valleys to investigate greenhouse gases in permafrost protection priorities in Antarctica. have affected penguin populations in the past will contribute to (permanently frozen ground). This first season of research will assessing the potential impacts of climate change and fishing in include a range of soil gas surveys, soil pit analyses and the the Ross Sea region. installation of two long-term monitoring probes. Understanding the potential release of greenhouse gases from Antarctic permafrost is important for predicting their influence on climate change. Emperor Penguin ecology K083-E Ice sheet retreat from past warming K861-A Geothermal extremophiles on Erebus K023 Sea-ice microbial communities K043 San Jose State University, Alaska SeaLife Center GNS Science, Victoria University of Wellington University of Waikato, University of Canterbury, Victoria University of Wellington, University of Tasmania This team will work at Cape Crozier to study Emperor penguin Northeastern University, University of South California This team will work from a field camp in the Byrd Glacier This team will use tethered submarines and specialised diet and movement patterns using a combination of underwater This team will study microorganisms that live in the geothermally- area where they will investigate the age of rocks. To do this, microsensors to monitor the health and composition of cameras and specialised physiological equipment. The aim is to warmed soils of Mt Erebus. This season’s activities focus on researchers will use surface exposure dating to reveal the microbial communities that live on the underside of the sea identify how movement patterns of adult penguins are linked to exploring and mapping geothermal areas for future sampling, length of time the rocks have been ice-free. This information ice. The research will help reveal how expected environmental feeding patterns. This is important information for understanding and testing drilling equipment specifically designed for this work. will reveal when the Byrd Glacier retreated during past warm changes, like thinning sea ice or more snow, will affect these the effectiveness of the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area Research will increase our knowledge of geothermal microbe unusual communities which are a critical link in the Antarctic (MPA) as the boundaries of the MPA are fixed, whereas animals periods, and will help inform projections of how the Antarctic diversity and ultimately broaden our understanding of how Ice Sheet might respond to a warming world. food web. These observations will generate baseline data from are highly mobile. organisms survive in extreme environments. which the effects of climate change can be measured. K862- Drilling for climate, ice and A/B ocean history K812-A Resilience in Antarctic biota and K882-C Marine ecosystems of northern GNS Science, Victoria University of Wellington Terrestrial ecosystems of Northern K812-B Victoria Land This team will work from a field camp at Siple Coast (1000 km ecosystems University of Waikato, Korea Polar Research Institute Victoria Land University of Waikato from Scott Base) where they will use hot water to drill through This collaborative New Zealand/Korean team will work from University of Waikato, Korea Polar Research Institute This collaborative New Zealand/United States team will study the Ross Ice Shelf, then sample the ocean below and recover Terra Nova Bay to continue a long-term study of marine sea This collaborative New Zealand/Korean team will study terrestrial microbial communities at Lake Fryxell in the McMurdo Dry sedimentary cores from the sea floor. This season’s main floor communities. Researchers will use a mix of remote ecosystems in Northern Victoria Land. Researchers will focus Valleys as part of a long-term ecological research programme. objective is to develop an understanding of the nature of the sea- video cameras and divers to describe the communities that on soils, microbes, mosses and lichens and look for changes The team will investigate microbial mats using a combination floor sediments. Future retrieval of deep sediment cores will help live on the sea floor at selected sites. The key objective of the in biological communities along gradients in the physical of under-ice diving, under-water experimentation and sampling, inform multidisciplinary studies of the stability of the Ross Ice research is to determine how fast different components of the environment. These baseline data will help detect changes in and will assess how rising water levels affect microbial Shelf during past warm periods. Drill holes at the Siple Coat will community respond to climate change. terrestrial ecosystems that are linked to a changing climate. communities. also support the United States Icefin project. Icefin is an under- ice robot designed to explore ice-ocean environments here on Earth and ultimately on Jupiter’s icy moon named Europa. Ice edge and ocean processes K872-A NIWA, Korea Polar Research Institute
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