Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Financial and Technical Assistance Geological Survey Program 7.5 Minute Series Geologic Quadrangle Map 14 Geologic Map of Wind Cave National Park Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, Prepared in cooperation with Albion College, Albion, Michigan Brian A. Fagnan, Beth Z. Lincoln1, and Timothy N. Lincoln1 National Park Service, Wind Cave National Park 2011
EXPLANATION
State of South Dakota South Dakota Geological Survey 47 Dennis Daugaard, Governor Derric L. Iles, State Geologist Alluvium - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay, silt, and ! Contact Qal angular to rounded, sand and gravel. Deposited in present-day Long dashed where approximately located; short drainages dashed where inferred only in cross section; arrow R. 5 E. 6 27' 30" R. 6 E. indicates contact dip direction and amount 623 24 Quaternary 48 87 48 33 ( 33 Gravel deposit - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay- to 73 Xrr 6 000m. QTg boulder-sized clasts comprised of Precambrian lithologies and minor Form line 22 E 63 1 6 6 Tic indicates dip direction of beds 4400 25 Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone. All gravels are sub-rounded to 2 Qal Xrg 74 rounded. Some gravel deposits could be associated with the White River Xh Xrr Group but were not differentiated in the study area 41 Xrg 82 80 62 FAULT
S 68
an 60 4600 43 ct 81 Disconformity 54 5 u 6 ; 103° 30' 4 a Xrr 60 r 0 0 y QTg 61 6 6 0 T Fault 6 10 QTg 74 4 r 68 84 35 a 82 Tertiary Long dashed where approximately located; short i 7 68 24 l White River Group - Tan, brown, and light-gray siltstone, claystone, Xrr 44 49 dashed where inferred; dotted where concealed. 10 Xst Tw and white to light-gray, vuggy, finely-crystalline, lacustrine limestone. 50 0 Bar and ball on downthrown side 48 000m. 45 54 0 Oligocene 32 N 65 80 6 4 6 6 25' 6 6 6 103° 22' 30" 6 6 4 30 4 32 Contains sparse lenses of conglomerate indicating possible stream 54 85 4 0 26 27 28 29 30 33 47 30 O_d 0 to 71 12 6 48 channels. Some gravel deposits of unit QTg could be associated with the 4111 32 Eocene 84 QTg 4 7 Qal . 10 200 White River Group but were not differentiated in the study area. Exposed Xrr P*m5 Pm6 FOLDS 82 67 10 4 QTg 2 5 3 72 Xrr 6 0 4 4100 4000 9 thickness greater than 200 ft (61 m) 88 6 0 2 R. 6 E. R. 7 E. l 53 Mp 00 0 Xh 53 i 54 Tw 0 30 5 Mp Tw 6 58 r a 72 87 70 il 5 ) Pm6 34 T 42 ra P*m5 27 e 26 Xh T QTg 23 9 1 QTg H g 47 77 l 8 1 F Anticline d ia 10 QTg Tw 43° 37' 30" Disconformity QTg i Lookout Tower 5 14 45 n R 6 55 28 n Showing crestline and direction of plunge. 35 54 30 e 11 4000 Tw 4 43° 37' 30" n t 10 12 Xrr 87 i O_d 4 0 7 ( 4 n 300 Long dashed where approximately located; k e 6 7 0 Xh n 0 Xh 0 C 0 55 MDe short dashed where inferred; dotted where 0 0 a 0 8 3 Fall River Formation - Gray to light-gray, fine- to very fine-grained, 0 0 4 53 27 R 30 6 7 Xst Xst 52 78 21 3 Tw concealed 4 80 4 17 Kf 69 64 Tw thin-bedded, carbonaceous sandstone interbedded with laminated, Xst Po 3800 48 78 4 carbonaceous siltstone. Exposed thickness greater than 100 ft (30.5 m) 34 5 0 5 H 0 78 Ju 31 53 00 440 30 Tw 390 68 29 i 4 Pm 0 g 4 5 11 2 h 4 H 6 2 000 0 54 18 l 20 M Syncline a 48 65 0 Mp 4300 QTg n *m 68 53 85 26 65 9 1 Tw 31 Disconformity Showing troughline and direction of plunge. 63 d 61 4 6 12 00 Long dashed where approximately located; 73 0 58 12 Mp 9 78 41 QTg Lower 0 4300 Qal 8 R 60 82 QTg 8 11 18 3 Cretaceous short dashed where inferred; dotted where 45 4501 42 11 Cretaceous a 77 00 0 74 55 78 38 0 Tw Lakota Formation - Tan, brown, and light-gray, medium- to concealed n 31 QTg 8 Js Ju 0 65 45 0 18 0 430 k 83 65 A 8 20 Kl coarse-grained, crossbedded sandstone interbedded with mudstone. 4 16 0 i 40 0 40 22 30 4 3 11 0 800 n 5 4 23 0 3 6 5 18 0 10 21 Middle of the formation contains lenses of sandy limestone. Forms 82 14 26 0 75 3 20 6 Xh 9 72 20 *m1 17 *m3 14 0 16 12 0 T Monocline, anticlinal bend 74 63 73 18 29 Kl 13 15 prominent outcrops; large boulders may occur as colluvium or talus. 53 72 13 12 15 86 Axis located on steepest part of structure. Shorter 43 48 *m 18 15 Kl Contains petrified wood. Approximate thickness 200-350 ft 58 78 20 8 3 15 440 *m 74 arrow indicates steeper beds. Long dashed where 70 70 R 84 43 0 Mp 2 4300 12 Js (61-106.7 m) 4 20 P*m5 QTg 14 approximately located; dotted where concealed 4 i 6 56 Xst *m 4 48 75 4 0 4 d 0 6 32 6 2 Ju 0 0 13 30 00 89 MDe 0 19 0 g 4823 4 0 4300 42 10 25 10
0 10 4 H 0 Xrr e 69 18 0 81 79 43 12 QTg QTg 0 0 69 83 i Disconformity
64 74 4 g 48 80 MDe 2 Pm6 0 36
h 21 48 68 0 *m3 30 I Xrr 57 Overturned anticline 85 0 l 70 79 Mp 32 4 QTg a 3 5 5 0 Ju 45 n 0 QTg Location of trace of axial surface and dip 0 10 Qal 9 80 73 0 C d r 3 Ju O_d e 4 13 20 direction of limbs; long dashed where Xh 15 e C Unkpapa Sandstone - Buff to white, calcareous, well-sorted, friable, 72 58 46 *m1 k 29
Xrg r approximately located; dotted where concealed 45 e Ju  quartz sandstone. Locally pink to purple in the top of the formation.
69 38 e 6
k 84 34 84 *m4 Po 4 B Kl QTg 6 10 14 Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded. Approximate thickness 8 12 T 1 74 53 4 o Js
15 S *m4 r Tw 15 a *m4 l
38 a 10 a B 10-50 ft (3.0-15.2 m) Mp i la o Upper 4 72 o 70 84 n l QTg Pm 0 ck P 7 75 6 n t Overturned syncline R 8 450 c 0 ai Creek 14 84 0 0 l 0 4 Pm t 1 6 u 0 d Jurassic 0 4 78 74 e 4 18 Location of trace of axial surface and dip
80 0 47 a *m3 9 0 7 0 Pm 4
a 77 55 r 6 82 81
73 71 y 4200 14 3900 Js 22 38 direction of limbs; long dashed where v 71 P 0 Disconformity
T 0 o 28 o
e r 4 17 25
73 a 2 approximately located; dotted where concealed
Xh s 00 Kl o
48 Xh i o A L l 0 14
0 Tw o 29 3 12 P*m5 13 o
64 MDe i 4 6 Â A
60 m ^Ps Â
84 o 75 o
11 Tw 27 11 o o Xcs *m1 9 Ä
67 51 e 3 Â Sundance Formation - Includes the members listed below, which 0 9
68 Mp 0 o 48
s 0 5 0 o
70 Qal 5 6 10 s
*m4 9 8 4 86 29
53 43 t 0 3 ÄÄ Js
60 57 o 40 4 Ú o Ä are observed in the field but not shown separated on the map or cross Small anticline QTg o 4 8 00 22 1 Ö n 41 0 Qal 82 Pigtail o  0 P Showing bearing and plunge
56 e 4 Pm6 13 Qal 24 section. Approximate thickness 240-270 ft (73.2-82.3 m)
80 Bridge 4600 19 *m3 1 21
23 24 20 0 Pm 9 23 Xh 0 QTg  o 0 o
Tw 0 16 o
) o
17 o  9  11
o 57 4400 6 Â 3 o
53 10 6
76 84 53 Mp 6 R 39 o 9
0 o
C 15 0 QTg ^Ps Ä 78 G i Ä 14 10 Ä
72 e d Redwater Shale Member - Light gray-green, calcareous, Small syncline
n 80 6 o
u O_d 78 6 6 g o o o ×
86 l 55 te 13 glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Contains the fossil Pachyteuthis sp. Showing bearing and plunge
c n 4 11 e o A
4 3 20 Ä A Ä Ä
Mp 52 Ú
O_d 4 h Xh 6 n 00 9 P*m5 8 58 Kf¹ A A A
o
73 0 12 Â Ä Ao i 3
13 62 Â Ä A
0 4
a Â Ä Distinct as a marker bed when seen in outcroAp 63 80 4 8
6 5 o  o
l 1 10 12
MDe 0 ¹
71 *m e
o
T 1 0 s
74 58 5 0 Ridge
6 o
45 r 13 6 0 nd Trail A P o o 85 a a  63 76 ol 8 o Ú
*m QTg QTg ¹
Xh 72 il 2 3 QTg 6 B 33
47 MDe QTg Ä A A Minor fold
00 *m1 . 4 A s o Kl  4 3 Disconformity 8 6 o o Axis and plunge of single fold
6 0 4 *m4 8 A Ä Jurassic 48 62 0 200 0 ¹o
0 72
28 45 11 11 0 7 o 0
11 5 o 11 50 10 Pm6 3 A o 89 o 8 Mp 6 A 4 48
79 15 0 33 o
57 C 0 28 o ¹ 0 - Red, fine-grained, calcareous, 58 68 Mp a Lak Shale Member o
44 ny P*m5 Po Pm QTg o R. 6 Eo . o R. 7 E. A A a Dome
44 o o
o glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Distinct as a marker bed when n o
0 C ^Psg 22 ;
66 0 5 o A
*m2 3 Middle
QTg u 9
P*m5 o o
60 17 *m4 0 Js ; seen in outcrop o
r A ;
o o  Pm ¹ o Ä 72 4 0 6 0 o A
50 l 3 0 26 Jurassic o
68 Xcs e 00 2 7 o M A
Xh 4 Qal o A 0
y Mp o
M A
60 54 4300 *m 0 A o
1 0 9 Ju A Ä
3 o Ä
3 0 29 3 Â STRIKE AND DIP OF BEDDING A o
70 46 3 12 8 69 46 4 00
o A
26 4 QTg I ¹ 8 s
4 I o Hulett Sandstone Member - Light-gray, fine-grained, o 0 I A ¹
4 0 Xrg 42 A A A
73 63 4 00 o I A o C
78 0 Ä A calcareous, glauconitic sandstone interbedded with grayish-green
80 0 M o
o
53 MDe o Â
O_d 9 Ä
^Psg Kl s o Ú 33 o
a 10 o a o
O_d 17 40 o o 13 Ú o
n Pm6 claystone. Contains abundant ripple marks Inclined Ú o 3 73 QTg 9 85 A 26 ¹ Ú y 0 27 Â o 42 78 74 *m1 *m 0 26 3 R 47 o A o 32 47 0 o 0 o 38 n 6 B
30 1 6 78 De e s
26 M 4 28 M Â 25 27 12 U
4 Tg o
48 7 2 26 25' Q o
79 o A 0 ^Ps Â
0 d 19 Â o F A 39 o 61 Â o
27 48 o
Highland Stockade Beaver Shale Member - Tan to light gray-green, o F
77 15 27 o A Â A e o
85 Â o
o Horizontal
89 A A A I 85 6 o
83 52 4 o A
3 o
56 14 Mp 7 L 80 calcareous, glauconitic, thin-bedded Ashale, sandstone, and siltstone.
s ¹ B 0 o O
69 74 0 o o o Ú Ú e 68 T 4 43° 35' o ;
cs o
X r o
l a r 00 o Contains the fossil Pachyteuthis sp.
a a il e 35' 0 G i 35' Ä A o
v n v 81 Ä
35' a  o
o A
45 A Â
4 e n e o o
5 B o
6 10 e o Â
r e A A o 64 t P
0 33 Ä
o
4200 Ä
n *m1 o A Overturned
59 0 0 ^Psg 31
17 Â
e 0 4 A o
C 8 M ¹ s 4 0 ¹
Mp 3 o 20 o
3 r C 15 AÂ A Where direction of younging is known e 0
0 13 O Â 0 e 0 Â o
0 31 0 o Canyon Springs Sandstone Member - Tan, gray, and yellow,
k 64 Mp 43 42 o 00 o
Qal N P ¹
o
k D Ö
e 8 Pm o
7 ¹ A
O
e o o o
38 r o
o 78 medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone. Contains ripple marks MDe 7 Â
Norbeck Lake C r o Ä 41 QTg Tw Ä
0 y o
00 Qal C Ä s
o 4 Ú Ä
65 m Js Ä
QTg P ^Psg L
74 I
21 Ú
88 o
k *m1 o
o 78 Ä o 4 ¹
82 82 e 40 I
o
I Ä
38 82 e N o o
C o o r ¹
ol 38 P ; Ä d 9 Ä STRIKE AND DIP OF FOLIATION
78 5 E P
C o
46 ¹ A Ä o Disconformity A
S O_d 5 14 QTg 10 5 C 41 s s  A
o
12 o r o
78 p 85 6 e o
r 85 75 e 41 P
in 11 4 k 81 o
g 4300 42 00
0 0 Ä
0 Ä
l Lookout 21 33
85 14 E 81 0 i
o
48 9 o o
3 o Lower o
0 Mp A¹ a
8 P*m QTg N A Inclined
26 27 5 8 o Spearfish Formation - Red to maroon shale and siltstone.
3 I Ä o
r Point o
8 8 8 0 TPsg Ä 4
53 6 Triassic o 0 L o
O_d Rest T 0 o Triassic o O 0 . Â
o t  A o Â
k u 3 C InterbÄ edded brecciated limestone beds up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick locally near
12 o t oi n 3 48 000m. P 4 I
Area o A o Ä Ä
Pm6 7 Ú Ä L *m o Ä
4 Po 26 N o A o MDe o T
Pm6 0 3 ; 15 3 o
87 8 QTg 0 TPs H
0 the base. Discontinuous gypsum beds (TPsg) up to 3 ft (0.9 m) thick are o
( Mp 0 8 9 N A
A o
af 0
15 Â A
o
0 Â o
m o
*m1 *m3 16 P 82 Â A abundant locally near the top, with small veins and lenses throughout the s
o STRIKE AND DIP OF FRACTURES
4 o Â
*m2 o
4 6 8 35 AA o
Re  5 st Area Pm o ; A
0 Y A
0 9 o Â
^Psg QTg middle to the top of the formation. Dissolution features are indicated by o M E
B' 34 o A o
3
385 *m4 C
L 6 A
33 s
¤ Ú Ä Â o
0 Js Â
QTg 36 r 9 o A' Â A
4 e D 0 fragments of shale and siltstone silicified in the gypÄsum. Approximate o
o 33 Ú o A
Mp 20 o
*m e 3 U
31 o o
o
^Ps o Â
15 QTg k F
*m 11 o Inclined 35 3 D ¹
A thickness 350-400 ft (106.7-121.9 m) o
*m V Ä
1 Ä
11 o o o Ä o o
13 o F
o Upper Ä 0 a A
4 Pm Ä ;
0
3 Ä
11 o o
9 10 l A o 0 H o
3 l A 0 Permian
o M i e
23 QTg gh A 0 ¹ o o
l 0 ; Disconformity Ä
y
P a 2 Â
4 Tw o Vertical Â
nd *m4 QTg A
r o M Ä
Ä M
o
a C o o
4 3 6 000m. Ä Ä
r 7 6 o ¹ l QTg Ä i e o o i 32 E o 0 Ä
T o
r 3 11 31 Ä
ra e 0 Qal o n Pm Ä
48 t i k Ä
*m1 e Tra 13 20 o Ú A
M A o
il o
o
25 Mp 103° 22' 30" o
A oo Ä
k Ä
- White, pink, and purple, fino ely-crystalline,
8 Ä o
o Minnekahta Limestone
l 7 af 1 o P*m o 420 5 Â
0 7 o o Ä ;
D 48 o
E 19 9 Multiple
o 65 A o QTg o Ä
11 Ä Pm Ä 25 o Ä o
o Qal laminated to thin-bÄ edded, locally petroliferous limestone. Interbedded  A 0
g Pm6 9 Â o Ä Point of observation where symbols join
0 6 o 8 o
o
2 Â T. 5 S. Â
13 o QTg ¹ o o
4 Â with thin layers of shale at the middle and base. Forms prominent dip o
*m4 QTg Ú
T. 5 S. 13 o o
o A
Â
af )Campgroun 6 6 6 slopes and cliffs. Contains minor folds and box folds throuAgo hout the  ds Ä A o Ä
) Po 28 29 30 A Ä Ú
o o
*m o Ä
3 *m4 o o A Ä A o Ä
Ä
12 formation. Approximate thickness 40-50 ft (12.2-15.2 mo )o o
Äo Ä
Ö o
4 Ä Ä
40 o
0 QTg T. 6 S. Ú Ä
) Po A o KARST FEATAURE
Mp QTg n Ä o
o Ä
e
Po o A
A o Ä
T. 6 S. 5 o A Ä o 6 Ä Ä Ä
*m y Ä Ä 1 P*m 12 o Ä
5 Ä
20 n Ä Disconformity
s A
C a Po
o V 4200 e C Ä
i o
Elk Mountain r a ir a 5 Pm ÄA Area of collapse
P i n s o o o
4200 y o Permian Due to dissolution of underlying beds QTg t QTg Ä
a o
o Po o A Ä o
n PmPm T 10 Opeche Shale - Unconsolidated red to maroon shale, mudstone, and
*m Pm o
1 ¹ r l o
55 a 164 Po A
0 Po  A a
1
48 O
0 ) i 9 Qal M Â Po siltstone having lavender coloring in the upper 5 ft (1.5 m). Erodes easily, l o o s 4 0 v o 16 Ä
24 4 10 Po 22 0 r 48 ) 28 o Po ¹
80 e 24 A weathering to a fine soil. Poorly exposed on slopes beneath the
af 18 o ÄÄ Breccia pipe or sinkhole Wind Cave 5 6 h Ä
71 oo
1 W c
4 Ú A H ÄÄ
r
5 10 in 15 o Minnekahta Limestone. Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m)
0 Po Ú o
d o e  o 6 ¹ Ö
Park Head o Ä quarters o Â Ä d 8 o
2 in K R. 5 E. Â
80 W 7 C Po Po o C a A Ä . v 6 6 6 o
23 a e ; M Lower Ä Stream loss zone
Mp *m3 v 17 18 19 o
e 66 Disconformity 4 ¹
o o Permian
af 83 Po Qal o S
QTg o *m4 00 o
C 42 15 o
0
7 o H
o 74 Canyon Â
0
) Cicero Peak Mt. Coolidge Butcher Hill o
t o Ä A to 9 o
o Pm o
n C 3 Qal  Minnelusa Formation (unit 6) - Tan, gray, yellow, to red a o ¹ M w nyon o o 4 OTHER FEATURES
o 0 T A
0 Pm6 o
d r o brecciated sandstone interbedded with thin beds of mostly brecciated
3 72 Â
0 a 26 H Â 0 i ) Po o *m2 0 l o
2 o
12 o limestone, discontinuous thin layers of anhydrite, and thin beds of
4 4 29 28
o Pm o o
QTg 6 65 o
48 4 72 unbrecciated sandstone, all poorly exposed. Limestone contains Artifoicial fill
*m Äo 23 3 Xmgw Ä A 22 o o
5 Pm Ao
12 36 o A brachiopods.Top of unit contains bright-red interbeddedo shale and Compacted earth, indicated only where extensive C Ä Â
12 re 48 Ú Â af
e 13 ¹ Ä
k Â Ä Ä
17 13 0 12 35 o 0 23 Qal o A
Windy Point 41 Qal Qal sandstone. Sandstone beds form prominent benche outcrops. A
6 11 A F
25 *m 8 Qal Qal l Qal  1 12 Qa Ä A o
o
6 al Ä o 34 Q Ä
e Qal o
4 0 oo o
20 5 5 0 20 Approximate thickness 110-130 ft (33.5-39.6 m) Qal o 6 o
4 *m3 385 ; Ä 5 E ; o ¤ Ä
58 4
50 o
8 0 ÄÄ o
64 Ä Â a M
0 62 " Ú A o
75 1 17 Â
P*m s Ä 5 5 15  M 5 4 o " o 430 o 0 o  t 48 o o Ä
Ä ;
 Wind Cave passages o 12 P*m5 B Po 26 ; 48
5 B Pm o Disconformity
4 o
25 i 6 Xmgq 26 s 0 Showing mapped subsurface extent in Pahasapa 5 5 *m4 is *m 00 T. 5 S. o oÄÄ Â 4 Ä 0
o A o  7 o Ä 8 2 Ä
8 8 n 63 Limestone 15 n 4 4 Â
35 5 40 " F ¹
1 ¹ ;
0 Ä Ä A
l
o 15 ¹
Mp QTg a o AÄ ; Minnelusa Formation (unit 5) - Brighto-red, yellow, light-tan, to
*m Ä 1 t "
5 A Ä A Ä
25 s
5 60 " o ;
Pm6 75 o
10 7 85 o
¹ P R m5 T o ; gray, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with light-blue-gray chert nodules A o 11 12 QTg O S Ä
10 30 47 o Ä 10 r Pm Â
40 32 12 a Cold Spring 85 Ä Mine adit or cave *m3 i 4600 near base. Upper portion is a red to light-red breccia withÄ a carbonate l
17 QTg 43° 32' 30" o M Ä 32 Ä
43° 32' 30" 5 4 Xmgw 33
2 Ä o
48 *m 0 Qal 8 matrix. A dark-red sandstoneo separates the lower and upper portions.
1 Pm 32 o 0 o o Ä 0 A o
22 *m1 0 4300 F 4700 A
3 25 l
a o
Fossil 4 17 t 26 48 Mp Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m) Ã
s 22 Ä 6 20 22 14 P*m5 Pm6 Pm Prospect pit o Pm 0 ; Ä Ridge 17 0 O_d MDe A Ä 1 Pm ; Co 4200 4 A o 5 ld 4 4100 Pm Pringle Wind Cave A Boland Ridge 16 35 12 18 ; A A
B Pm6 Tw 0 AA Disconformity
rook roo 10 13 A o C old B k Pm
Ca 4 21 Pm o o
nyo Trail 12 48 000m.
n 25 N e M
^Ps 48 o
8 Pm 25 Pm o o
Pm o o o
QTg o Minnelusa Formation (unit 4) - Browonish-yellow to tan dolomite
22 6 6
8 6 Pm 617000m.E 18 19 Pm o
25 Wind Cave National Park boundary R o 11 m4 interbedded with sandstoo ne and laminated limestone. Dolomitic beds may
*m1 Mp *m3 Ä
QTg Ä 27'30" Ä Ä
*m1 5 74 Po o with 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle locations contain manganese dendrites. Uo nit weathers into colluvial slopes.
5 42 o
Qal 10 0 Pm F 9 16 12 5 0 Pm Approximate thickness 60-80 ft (18.3-24.4 m) Po o B 4 15 4 Pm Pm
30 10 8 00 1 Pm
0 2 00 Pm Pm Pm
16 4 6 4 Pm
48 6 6 10 C o
21 Pm o Disconformity 4 Rest 5 48 a *m4 14 QTg o
1 21 o A
Limestone Spring 0 n Area P*m5 Pm ;
20 0 Pm y ) 15 8 6 Pm H o af o Upper 27 6 Tw Ä
21 n 1 Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Formation (unit 3) - Brownish-yellow to tan, sometimes
*m3 3 Pm Pennsylvanian
40 25 10 16 Pm
6 15 10 25 Pm o A Rm3 silicified sandstone interbedded with shale. Unit is poorly exposed, except
Pm o
Qal o
*m3 14 Pm o A 12 o 15 QTg o
15 10 5 23 4 13 AA for silicified sandstone interbedded with shale, and weathers into colluvial
4 000
20 0 o Ä
7 0 Pm6 7 0 Â
*m4 1 slopes. Top of unit may contain a brownish-yellow to light-gray, sandy
12 4 o
QTg  o
0 G o
8 0 10 73 Po 2 Pm6 o o 10 4 b ; o limestone. Approximate thickness 100-120 ft (30.5-36.6 m) o
8 bl 13 Pm Ä A
12 85 er Pm Ä
5 C Qal  o
43 10 a 0 2 10 Äo A
0 5 n  F
10 18 19 y Pm
16 20 6 o Minnelusa Formation (unit 2) - Yellowish-gray to light-gray, thin- 4 G n
5 m o P ; 2
5 o Pm o  20 0 QTg b ; 20 H Rm2 0 b 10 Po F M ;   bedded limestone. Contains distinctive red and white chert nodules, 48 6 le A A 20 1 QTg 12 30 r o A 7 14 R 4 48 especially near the top. Limestone beds are up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick and i 100 11 20 ; A QTg 55 65 14 d PmPm
10 6 Pm g Pm South Dakota
12 6 Gobbler e Pm interbedded with sandstone and shale layers up to 0.5 ft (0.2 m) thick.
8 12 9 6 Pm ; ; A
Pass 24 Pm o
Pm o
620 621 385 Pm H Unit is poorly exposed. Approximate thickness is 40-60 ft (12.2-18.3 m)
21 ¤ M Ä o Â
4 o
1 78 R. 5 E. R. 6 E.
11 4
0 Po × o A
0 1
P*m5 23 24 o  0
8 o o 17 8 0 o
8 o Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) - Tan or red, medium- to coarse-
o
2 o
H A
8 10 Ä H
o o o Rm1 grained, cross-bedded, basal sandstone. Overlain by tan or red, fine- o M
o
H
o o M
6 6 o
o Ä
22 23 o H Ä
o Wind Cave National Park Location grained, upper siltstone which is compensatory in thickness with the basal
o ;
o
103° 30' o o
o
; o sandstone. Unit is poorly exposed and weathers into colluvial slopes.
o Ä A
Po o oo
o o Approximate thickness is 25-90 ft (7.6-27.4 m) o o o
Pm o e o
o A Pm o o
o o
1 M o Öo ; o Disconformity
Albion College, Albion, Michigan o Digital cartography by Wesley P. Christensen and Brian A. Fagnan
o o
o A o
o Pahasapa Limestone - Gray to light-tan, cavernous limestone and
Field assisted by Darren W. Dyk and Jacob A. Tielke o o o o
o
M o ; Mp dolomitic limestone. Massive limestone with sparse chert nodules
o Ä o o o o
o in the upper portion; thin- to medium-bedded, dolomitic, sandy limestone
o A
o in the lower portion. Forms prominent cliffs. Disconformity between the
Ä o o o o ;
Map base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale Boland Ridge, Butcher Hill, NORTH Ä A o Pahasapa Limestone and the overlying Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) is a
SCALE 1:24,000 o Lower Mt. Coolidge, Pringle, and Wind Cave digital line graphs. ^ Seleco ted References Mississippian e paleokarst surface containing terra rosa-filled sinkholes and breccia pipes. o A Mississippian
Projection is Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13 N.
GN MN o Contains abundant tabulate corals, spiriferid brachiopods, and burrows,
o A o o o A
Datum is 1983 North American. 1 0.5 0 1 Bayley, R.W., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the Nem×o district, Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous and sparse gastropods and rugose corals. Approximate thickness Mile o
UTM grid information generated from the Arcmap layout grid function. Geologic Investigations Map I-712, sS cale 1:24,000. A 275-375 ft (83.8-114.3 m) Â
o o o
8 22' Ä o
o A
o Ä o
1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 o
o Fagnan, B.A., 2002, Correlation of surface geologyo with subsurface geology and karst development at Jewel Cave National Monument, o Englewood Limestone - Lavender, mauve to pink, interbedded The Geological Survey Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, engages 1 10' 148 MILS Feet o A
oÖ
in an ongoing data collection and interpretation process. An outcome of that process is to Custer County, South Dakota: Rapid City, S. Dak., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, M.S. thesis, 143 p. o MDe limestone, dolomitic limestone, and purple-gray shale. Laminated to medium-
o o
21 MILS M F o o Upper bedded. Fine- to medium-crystalline with some coarse-grained crinoidal beds. ×
reflect those interpretations on maps such as this one. Reasonable efforts have been made to o A o
o o × Devonian o
1 0.5 0 1 2009, GeAologic mao p of the Jewel Cave quadrangle, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey 7.5 minute series Devonian Bioturbated; contains sparse rugose corals, spiriferid brachiopods, and
H ensure that this map accurately reflects the source data used in its preparation. This map is o
Kilometer o
o o
o
Geologic Quadrangle Mapo 9, scale 1:24,000. crinoid columnals. Thickness 35-50 ft (10.7-15.2 m)
date specific. As additional data become available, geologic interpretations may be revised and o H o o A o o o o A
the map may be updated by the Geological Survey. This map should not be enlarged or e Ö A A
otherwise used in an attempt to interpret more detail than can be seen at a scale of 1:24,000. APRIL 13, 2011, MAGNETIC NORTH Redden, J.A., and DeWitt, E., 20Ö 08, Mapos showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Disconformity
o
DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET Contour Interval 20 Feet A o
Geological Survey Scientific Investigations o Map 2777, scale 1:100,000. o
(40 feet for Mt. Coolidge quadrangle) o
o o
o Lower Ordovician
o AA o Ordovician Deadwood Formation - Reddish-brown, basal conglomeratic sandstone
o F Â o
Redden, J.A., Peterman, Z.E., Zartman, R.E., and DeWitt, E., 1990, UÄ-Th-Pb geochronology and preliminary interpretaion of oo A Â o
Ä o
Ä O@d
o o Ä Ä and local conglomerate; middle glauconitic sandstone, siltstone, and shale; o
Precambrian tectonic events in the Bo lack Hills, South Dakota: in Lewry, J.F., and Stauffer, M.R., eds., The Early Proterozo oic
o
o o Middle to upper coarse-grained sandstone having nodular weathering. Laminated to
Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America:M Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 37, p. 229-251. Ö
o o
o Cambrian Upper Cambrian thick-bedded. Contains trilobite and inarticulate brachiopod fragments.
o
o o  o
o ; Ä
; Approximate thickness 65-75 ft (19.8-22.9 m)
o
o
Wolcott, D.E., 1967, Geology of the Hot Sprino gs quadrangle, Fall River and Custer Counties, South DaÄkota: U.S. Geological Survey
o H o o
Bulletin 1063-K, p. 427-442, scale 1:24,00F 0. o o A
M H Unconformity
M × o F
F o
o Ä Ä
Ä
 Ä
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oÄ o Xh Harney Peak Granite - Sills and dikes of predominantly coarse-grained to × o pegmatitic, tan to pink S-type granite. Age 1,715 Ma ± 3 Ma (Redden et al, 1990)
Unnamed formation Xq (Redden and DeWitt, 2008) Possibly equivalant
n
n k
o o
5 to Buck Mountain Quartzite of Bayley (1972). Here subdivided into the following
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e 8
n
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e
3 r
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units:
C y
C
C
a
d k
g
w
o o
o h
o Acknowledgements o
D
g r
i
w Micaceous metagraywacke unit - Muscovite schist to quartz B
e n
i H
Xmgq
r o
i
.
d
t l
t mica schist. Brown, grayish-brown to gray. Laminated to thin-bedded.
a
S o
r .
B o B' C
P U C Unpublished field maps were generously made available for completion of the project by Jack A. Redden (South Dakota School of Xmgw Xmgq - Quartzite, reddish-brown to gray. Thin-bedded to massive, 5,000 Feet 5,000 Feet *m1-2 QTg Qal QTg Qal *m1-2 *m3 Qal QTg *m4 P*m5 QTg Qal *m3 *m1-2 Qal *m4 QTg Qal P*m5 QTg Qal QTg Qal Pm6 Mines and Technology) and Mark D. Fahrenbach (Geological Survey Program, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural fine- to medium-grained, micaceous. A massive bed up to 30 ft (9.1 m) Resources). The authors thank Rodney D. Horrocks (Wind Cave National Park) for facilitating the mapping project on National Park thick occurs at the top of the unit Service property, obtaining grants for seasonal help, and recognizing geologic structure in subsurface cave passages for validation of Mp 4,000 surface geologic interpretations. The work of Beth and Timothy Lincoln was supported by grants from the Hewlett-Mellon Fund for 4,000 Cold Spring Creek quartzite unit - Interbedded quartzite and Mp Mp Faculty Development at Albion College, Albion, Michigan, and by the National Park Service. The Geological Survey Program also O_d MDe Xcs micaceous schist. Some quartzite layers near base are biotite-bearing, XWu Known passages of thanks Joseph and Ginny Jackl for accommodating our lodging needs for three field seasons.
XWu O_d & $ Wind Cave XWu O_d MDe upper quartzite layers are typically pure. Includes sections of 3,000 3,000 thick-bedded quartzite without intervening schist, resulting in cliff- and ridge-forming quartzite intervals up to 40 ft (12.2 m) thick. Interbedded schists include laminated biotite-microcline schist, biotite-muscovite schist, and quartz-biotite-muscovite-garnet schist
Reaves Gulch schist unit - Biotite schist and thick- to Xrg thin-bedded impure quartzite and biotite-quartzite interbedded with thin-bedded to laminated quartz-biotite schist, quartz-biotite-plagio- Precambrian Lower clase schist, and quartz-biotite-muscovite schist. Also contains Proterozoic minor thick quartzite beds, intervals of uniform, biotite-muscovite-rich schist, and minor garnet-rich layers which contain up to 3 percent manganese. Contains abundant amphibolite layers outside of Wind E N
I Cave National Park L C O
E N
N O Rankin Ridge quartzite unit - Quartzite and siliceous schist. n
I
L o M
y Xrr
C Thick-bedded, clean quartzite and minor biotitic quartzite interbedded
k
I P n
e a
T A
e
e with poorly exposed fine-grained quartzite with muscovite partings, C
N
r
g G
A
d
y
C e
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k
O
e fine-grained quartz-muscovite schist, fine-grained quartz-biotite schist,
A n A'
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e
d
R
l L
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e
n
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a A
r 6,000 Feet n
i
s and thin coarse-grained quartz-biotite-sillimanite schist. Includes
a L 6,000 Feet
V
l F
C
k e
D
h F
d
n
y
g m thick-bedded quartzite without intervening schist, forming cliffs and
U
e
i r
a U i L
D B
R
H D R ridges of quartzite intervals up to 70 ft (21.3 m) thick. Some quartzite QTg Qal MDe O_d MDe MDe MDe Mp Qal *m Qal QTg *m3 *m4 QTg P*m5 QTg Qal Pm6 Qal Pm6 Qal QTg Po Pm Qal QTg QTg Qal ^Psg QTg ^Psg Tw Po Qal Qal 5,000 1-2 5,000 beds are graded allowing determination of tops Xh Xh Sanctuary Trail schist unit - Schist, quartz-plagioclase rock, Xrr 4,000 Xh Xh Mp Xst Xrr ? 4,000 and quartzite. Coarse-grained quartz-biotite-microcline-sillimanite- Xrr *m1-2 Pm Js muscovite schist containing less than 50 percent quartz is abundant MDe ^Ps Xh O_d ^Ps in lower section but occurs throughout the unit. Characteristic Xh ? Xst *m1-2 3,000 3,000 thin-bedded, quartz-rich, quartz-plagioclase-biotite-muscovite with or Xh Xst Mp without microcline rocks are abundant in the upper part of the unit. Xst MDe $ XWu XWu Biotite- and feldspar-bearing quartzite and pure quartzite occur Xh XWu O_d 2,000 2,000 throughout, becoming more abundant near the top
Undifferentiated Lower Proterozoic and Upper Archean rocks - XWu Shown only in cross section