Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon As an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)
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KOREAN WAVE: EXPLOITING A CULTURAL PHENOMENON AS AN INSTRUMENT THROUGH SOFT POWER IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KOREA (2002-2012) By Okti Syaira 016201110058 A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomacy 2015 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis entitled “Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon as an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, April 2015 Okti Syaira i PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis entitled “Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon as an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)” that was submitted by Okti Syaira, majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on April 15th 2015. Eric Hendra, SIP, MA. Chair – Panel of Examiner Hendra Manurung, SIP, MA. Examiner Prof. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Ph.D. Thesis Adviser ii THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon as an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)” prepared and submitted by Okti Syaira in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in International Relations in the Faculty of Humanities has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis. I therefore recommend this thesis for oral defense. Cikarang, April 2015 Recommended and Acknowledge by Prof. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Ph.D. Thesis Advisor iii ABSTRACT Title: “Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon as an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)” Republic of Korea (ROK) was one of the poorest countries after the Korean War. Then the Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1999 has made the ROK’s economy decline. At that time, Korean cultural industry became a government’s target as a growth engine of the economy. To achieve national interest in economic development, ROK is using culture as a soft power in influencing and attracting international communities with the exports of Korean cultural products. ROK has been a top exporter on electronic equipment; vehicle and steel, which is, play a major role in the economic growth. Since the first exports of Korean dramas to China and Taiwan, Korean cultural industry has been contributing to develop the economy. The term of Korean wave was indicating the first boom of cultural products in overseas. The government is heavily funding and supporting the cultural products since it was emerged in order to double the numbers of exports and spread the culture. Korean cultural products have strong appeal that able to attract international communities to interest in them. Today, ROK is an advance country with incredible economic growth. Keywords: Republic of Korea, Soft Power, Culture, Korean Wave. iv ABSTRACT Title: “Korean Wave: Exploiting a Cultural Phenomenon as an Instrument Through Soft Power in Supporting the Economic Development of Republic of Korea (2002-2012)” Republik Korea (ROK) adalah salah satu negara termiskin setelah Perang Korea. Kemudian krisis keuangan Asia 1997-1999 telah membuat perekonomian Korea Selatan menurun. Pada saat itu, industri budaya Korea menjadi target pemerintah sebagai mesin pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional dalam pembangunan ekonomi, ROK menggunakan budaya sebagai soft power. ROK mempengaruhi dan menarik masyarakat internasional dengan ekspor produk budaya Korea. ROK telah menjadi eksportir atas pada peralatan elektronik; kendaraan dan baja, yang, memainkan peran utama dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sejak ekspor pertama drama Korea ke China dan Taiwan, industri budaya Korea telah memberikan kontribusi untuk mengembangkan perekonomian. Korean Wave yang menjadi istilah dalam menunjukkan ledakan produk budaya pertama di luar negeri Pemerintah sangat mendanai dan mendukung produk budaya sejak awal munculnya untuk melipat gandakan jumlah ekspor dan menyebarkan budaya. Produk budaya Korea memiliki daya tarik yang kuat yang mampu menarik minat masyarakat internasional. Sekarang, ROK adalah negara maju dengan pertumbuhan yang luar biasa. Keywords: Republic of Korea, Soft Power, Culture, Korean Wave. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin… Finally I did it. After the struggle finally this thesis has completed and finished. This thesis would not have been done if it were not for those who support me during writing this thesis. Therefore, I would like to thank: First, I would like to thank Allah SWT for the blessings and helping; by Your blessings and helping I am allowed to finished this thesis. I would like to thank my family; my father, my mother, my sister, my cousins, my big family for the constant support. Thank you for the motivations and the advices that you all have been giving me. Thank you for all the lecturers that helped me throughout the making ogf this thesis, especially Mr. Banyu. Thank you for your patient, for guiding me and for the time. I am sorry for the mistakes that I have made. Thank you to my classmates, Astari, Gania, Opi, Najla, Rajiv, Yudha, Pandu, Icha, Mahfud, Farhan, Junko, Astri, Sarah and Didit. Thank you for the support Ayo Men! Thank you for the laugh. I hope our friendship still continue in the future. Thank you to all who support me, which I cannot mention one by one. Thank you very much. Cikarang, April 2015 Okti Syaira vi Table of Contents CHAPTER I - Introduction .................................................................................. 1 I.1 Background of Study ...................................................................................... 1 I.2 Problem Identification .................................................................................... 4 I.3 Statement of Problems .................................................................................... 5 I.4 Research Objectives ........................................................................................ 5 I.5 Significance of Study ...................................................................................... 6 I.6 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 6 I.7 Scope and the Limitations of the Study ......................................................... 10 I.8 Research Methodology ................................................................................. 10 I.9 Thesis Structure ............................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER II – Korean Wave as a Soft Power of ROK ...................................... 13 2.1 What is Korean Wave? ................................................................................. 13 2.1.1 The Emergence of Korean Wave ................................................... 14 2.1.2 The Triumph Rise of Korean Wave ............................................... 16 2.2 ROK’s Soft Power Through Korean Wave ................................................... 17 2.2.1 The Form of Korean Wave ............................................................ 18 2.2.2 Korean Culture Exports ................................................................. 19 2.2.3 Korean Cultural Policy .................................................................. 21 2.3 The Expansion of Korean Wave ................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Korean Wave in Asia ..................................................................... 23 2.3.2 Korean Wave in Global ................................................................. 24 2.3.3 The Role of Media in Expanding Korean Wave ............................. 26 CHAPTER III – The Economic Development of ROK ....................................... 28 3.1 Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1998 ................................................................. 29 3.1.1 The Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1998 Stroked ROK ..................... 29 3.1.2 The ROK Government in Tackled the Asian Financial Crisis 1997- 1998 ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2 ROK is a Top Exporter Country ................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Korean Cultural Products Have Spread Across The World ............. 33 3.2.2 The Favorable of Korean Consumers Products in Overseas............ 34 vii 3.3. The Increasing Number of Tourism Industry in Developing Economic Growth of The Country ...................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER IV – The Role of Korean Wave in the Economic Development of ROK .................................................................................................................. 42 4.1 The Contribution of Korean Wave to the Economy of ROK ......................... 42 4.1.1 The Support of Tourism, Korean Cultural Products and Consumers Products to ROK’s Economy ............................................................................. 44 4.1.2 Visit Korea Year 2010-2012 .........................................................