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View in Full Screen Strasbourg, 3 octobre/October 2005 Diffusion restreinte/Restricted Etude/Study No 287/2004 CDL-EL(2004)011 Bil. COMMISSION EUROPEENNE POUR LA DEMOCRATIE PAR LE DROIT (COMMISSION DE VENISE) EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) REPONSES AU QUESTIONNAIRE SUR L’USAGE DU REFERENDUM REPLIES TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE USE OF REFERENDUMS This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera pas distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. CDL-EL(2004)011 - 2 - TABLE DES MATIERES / TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ALBANIE / ALBANIA..................................................................................................................3 ANDORRE / ANDORRA ............................................................................................................10 ARMENIE / ARMENIA...............................................................................................................14 AUTRICHE / AUSTRIA..............................................................................................................32 AZERBAIDJAN / AZERBAIJAN...............................................................................................45 BELGIQUE / BELGIUM .............................................................................................................53 BULGARIE / BULGARIA ..........................................................................................................59 CROATIE / CROATIA ................................................................................................................66 CHYPRE / CYPRUS ....................................................................................................................74 CZECH REPUBLIC / REPUBLIQUE TCHEQUE....................................................................79 DANEMARK / DENMARK......................................................................................................101 ESTONIE / ESTONIA................................................................................................................106 FINLANDE / FINLAND............................................................................................................118 FRANCE......................................................................................................................................123 GEORGIE / GEORGIA..............................................................................................................140 GRECE / GREECE .....................................................................................................................146 HUNGARY / HONGRIE ...........................................................................................................156 IRLANDE / IRELAND ..............................................................................................................171 ITALIE / ITALY .........................................................................................................................186 LETTONIE / LATVIA ...............................................................................................................191 LITUANIE / LITHUANIA.........................................................................................................201 LUXEMBOURG.........................................................................................................................211 MALTE / MALTA......................................................................................................................224 PAYS-BAS / NETHERLANDS.................................................................................................237 NORVEGE / NORWAY ............................................................................................................250 POLOGNE / POLAND...............................................................................................................257 PORTUGAL................................................................................................................................263 FEDERATION DE RUSSIE / RUSSIAN FEDERATION......................................................271 ESPAGNE / SPAIN ....................................................................................................................276 SUEDE/SWEDEN ......................................................................................................................286 SWITZERLAND / SUISSE........................................................................................................298 “L’EX-REPUBLIQUE YOUGOSLAVE DE MACEDOINE”/ ..............................................304 “THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA” ..........................................304 TURQUIE / TURKEY................................................................................................................320 - 3 - CDL-EL(2004)011 ALBANIE / ALBANIA I - Référendums nationaux A - Quel fondement juridique? 1. Le référendum est prévue par la constitution albanaise. 2. La Constitution, dans l’Article 150 paragraphe 3, statue que les principes et les procédures pour le déroulement du référendum ainsi que sa validité sont prévues par la loi. Le Code Eléctoral comprend aussi des dispositions sur le référendum national et local. B - Quel est le type du référendum? Qui décide? 1. Il n’y a pas de référendum obligatoire. Aucun texte n’est soumis automatiquement au référendum, ni avant ni après son adoption par le Parlement. 2. a. Le référendum peut être organise à la demande d’une autorité. b. L’organisation d’une référendum peut être décidé seulement par le Parlement quand il s’agit d’un problème ou d’un projet de loi d’une importance particulière, ou par le Président de la République, quand le référendum pour un problème particulièrement important est requis par 50.000 citoyens ayant droit de vote. 3. a. 50.000 électeurs enregistrés dans le Registre National des Electeurs ont droit á un référendum général pour l’abrogation d’une loi. Ils peuvent aussi demander au Président de la République l’organisation d’un référendum pour une question particulièrement importante. La demande pour le commencement de la procédure est présentée à la Commission Centrale Electorale (CCE) par un groupe initiateur d’au moins 12 électeurs. Les papiers standard avec les signatures requises sont déposés prés de la CCE qui vérifie les signatures et la régularités des documents d’identification des électeurs. b. Les électeurs ont le droit de présenter une demande de référendum abrogatif sur un texte déjà adopté par le Parlement, mais il n’ont pas le droit de proposer un texte nouveau. 4. La présentation d’un texte au vote populaire doit être soumise á l’accord d’autres organes dans deux cas: CDL-EL(2004)011 - 4 - a. si au moins 50.000 électeurs demandent au Président de la République l’organisation du référendum sur une question particulièrement importante. Dans ce cas c’est le Président qui décide d’accepter ou de ne pas accepter la demande de la fraction du corp électoral. b. si le Conseil des Ministres propose l’organisation d’un référendum sur une question ou un projet de loi d’un intérêt particulier, la décision est du ressort du Parlement. 5. Aucune des options mentionnées dans ce point n’est prévue par la Constitution ou par la loi. C - Contenu 1. Types d’actes soumis au référendum Le référendum est prévu pour modifier la Constitution dans deux cas: a. si une majorité de deux tiers de touts les députés décide que la modification de la Constitution soit votée directement par référendum; b. si un cinquième des députés demandent que soit soumise au référendum une modification de la Constitution, approuvée par les deux tiers des députés au Parlement. 2. Matières sur lesquelles peut porter le référendum En dehors du référendum constitutionnel, la Constitution prévoit le référendum pour l’abrogation d’une loi ou pour une question particulièrement importante, sans precisations ultérieures. Sont exclues du référendum les questions concernant l’intégrité territoriale de la République d’Albanie, la limitation des droits et des libertés fondamentales de l’homme, le budget, les taxes et les obligations financières de l’Etat, l’imposition on la révocation de l’état d’émergence, la déclaration de guerre ou de la paix, l’amnistie. D - La forme du texte soumis au référendum (la validité formelle) 1. En ce qui concerne la forme possible du texte soumis au référendum: - la demande pour un référendum constitutionnel doit inclure le texte du projet pour l’amendement ou les amendements de la Constitution. - pour l’abrogation d’une loi en vigueur la demande pour un référendum doit inclure les raisons pour lesquelles doit être abrogée la loi ou une partie de la loi. La demande pour l’abrogation d’une partie de la loi peut être acceptée seulement si l’autre partie de la loi est autosuffisante. - 5 - CDL-EL(2004)011 La demande pour le commencement des procédures du référendum pour une question particulièrement importante doit poser clairement cette question ainsi que la position des initiateurs sur cette question. 2. Ni la Constitution ni la loi ne contiennent des dispositions particulières sur les problèmes mentionnés dans ce point. E - Limites matérielles du référendum (la validité matérielle) La réponse à cette question est inclue dans la réponse à la question formulée au paragraphe C, point 2. F - Campagne / propagande / financement et votation 1. En ce qui concerne la campagne et la propagande, la loi prévoit seulement que pendant
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