DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Systematics and Morphology of the Adiantum Peruvianum Group (Pteridaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Systematics and Morphology of the Adiantum Peruvianum Group (Pteridaceae) MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Mirabai R. McCarthy Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ Director (Dr. R. James Hickey) _____________________________________________________ Reader (Dr. Michael Vincent) _____________________________________________________ Reader (Dr. Richard Moore) _____________________________________________________ Reader (Dr. Martin Henry Stevens) ______________________________________________________ Graduate School Representative (Dr. Ellen Currano) ABSTRACT MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE ADIANTUM PERUVIANUM GROUP (PTERIDACEAE) by Mirabai R. McCarthy The nearly cosmopolitan Adiantum (Pteridaceae) comprises approximately 200 species, most of which are tropical in distribution. Adiantum ferns are predominantly terrestrial forest taxa, but some have adapted to living along stream banks or moist, rocky habitats. Historically, Adiantum has been divided into morphological species groups, as a means to help taxonomists categorize species and interpret inter-specific relationships within the genus. However, group concepts and circumscriptions have changed extensively over time, due in part to different interpretations about the relative importance of various morphological characters, and subsequently, alternate group names have been used in the literature. Currently there is no clear consensus on how species should be grouped. The present study utilizes molecular phylogenetics to delineate species groups within Adiantum, and traditional morphology to revise and circumscribe one species group, the A. peruvianum Group. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed four primary clades (A, B, C, and D) within Adiantum. Clades A & B contain temperate species, clade C contains primarily paleotropical species, and clade D contains neotropical species. Neotropical clade D contains two sub-clades D1 and D2. Clade D1 contains species with visible venuloid idioblasts present between veins, whereas clade D2 contains species lacking visible venuloid idioblasts between veins. The Adiantum peruvianum Group is a sub- clade (clade D2.III) within clade D2, and contains at least eight species: A. anceps, ‘A. ecuadorianum’, ‘A. exuberans’, A. mathewsianum, A. pectinatum, A. peruvianum, A. polyphyllum, and A. trapeziforme. Members of this group can be identified by having clathrate rhizome scales with minutely denticulate margins; segment stalks that stop abruptly at segment bases; discreet sori that are depressed-ovate, reniform, or occasionally lunate; ultimate segments that are dimidiate, trapeziforme, deltate, or occasionally ovate-falcate; free, dichotomous veins that end in marginal teeth; and laminar tissue that lacks visible idioblasts between veins. A taxonomic account, including descriptions and distributions of the species within this group is presented. Two members of this group, ‘Adiantum ecuadorianum’ and ‘A. exuberans’, are described as new, as is A. mariposatum, a member of clade D2.I. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE ADIANTUM PERUVIANUM GROUP (PTERIDACEAE) A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Botany by Mirabai R. McCarthy Miami University Oxford, OH 2012 Dissertation Director: R. James Hickey © Mirabai R. McCarthy 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter 2. The Adiantum peruvianum Group: a molecular circumscription……………8 Chapter 3. A taxonomic revision of the Adiantum peruvianum (Pteridaceae) Group…34 Chapter 4. Adiantum mariposatum (Pteridaceae, a new species from Ecuador………..83 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………..89 iii LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2. Table 2.1: Taxa, vouchers, localities and Genbank accession numbers for all sequences analyzed……………………………………………….24 Table 2.2: Primers used for PCR and sequencing in the present study……………27 Chapter 3. Table 3.1: A comparison of characters that can be used to differentiate members of the Adiantum peruvianum Group……………………..66 Table 3.2: Our two putative A. trapeziforme groups showing characters with means that are significantly different from each other………….68 iv LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2. Figure 2.1: Consensus tree for 74 taxa, produced from analyses of rbcL dataset……………………………………………………………………..28 Figure 2.2: Consensus tree for 39 taxa, produced from analyses of combined atpA + rbcL datasets…………………………………………...……30 Figure 2.3: Phylogram resulting from combined atpA + rbcL reduced dataset, including only the A. peruvianum Group members……………...32 Chapter 3. Figure 3.1: Silhouettes of ultimate segments from species in the Adiantum peruvianum Group………………………………………….………69 Figure 3.2: Distribution maps of A. peruvianum, A. mathewsianum, A. anceps, A. polyphyllum…………………………………………………..….......70 Figure 3.3: Distribution maps of A. trapeziforme and A. exuberans………..…..…71 Figure 3.4: Scanning electron micrographs of spores…………………………..…72 Figure 3.5: Adiantum anceps………………………………………………………73 Figure 3.6: Adiantum ecuadorianum………………………………………..…..…74 Figure 3.7: Adiantum exuberans……………………………………………….…..75 Figure 3.8: Adiantum trapeziforme………………………………………………...76 Figure 3.9: Results from Principle Component Analyses…………………………77 Figure 3.10: Lectotype of Adiantum trapeziforme ………………………………...78 Figure 3.11: Adiantum mathewsianum………………………………………….…79 Figure 3.12: Adiantum pectinatum………………………………………………...80 Figure 3.13: Adiantum peruvianum…………………………………………….….81 Figure 3.14: Adiantum polyphyllum…………………………………………….…82 v Chapter 4. Figure 4.1: Holotype of Adiantum mariposatum………………..…………………87 Figure 4.2: Adiantum mariposatum adaxial & abaxial views of rachis and segment……………………………………………………………….88 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many folks to whom I owe thanks… Starting with my committee, I’d like to thank the current members: Drs. Jim Hickey, Mike Vincent, Rich Moore, Hank Stevens, Ellen Currano, and the historical members: John Kiss, John Rakovan, Hardy Eshbaugh, Beth Schussler, and Linda Watson. Each of you has impacted my life in a unique way, and I am incredibly grateful for the many years of mentoring, scholarly wisdom, and friendship. It has been such a joy to know and work with you all – thank you, thank you, thank you!!! Jim Hickey, I couldn’t imagine having a better advisor. I will always remember our friendly debates, and banter. You have carved out a very special place in my heart. I also thank Barb Wilson and Vickie Sandlin for taking such great care of so many details over the years – you are wonderful! Eric Tepe, I am incredibly grateful for your companionship in Ecuador, and your assistance with statistics. My lab mates and friends, Laura Klein, Sushma Shrestha, Steve & Jessica Rybzinski, Melanie Link-Perez, Susannah Fulton, Tia Alhquist, Jennifer Brown, Peter Pelser, Li Zheng, and Aaron Kennedy you helped Miami feel like home. Thank you all! I would also like to thank the Department of Botany at Miami University for funding much of my research through the Academic Challenge, and Willard Sherman Herbarium Grants; the following herbaria for specimen loans: AAU, F, GH, MO, MU, NY, US; Matt Duley, and Richard Edelman in the SEM facility; Johnny Kou for help with imaging scales and spores; the Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at MU; and the sequencing facility at Yale University. Finally, I am endlessly thankful to my mom, and my partner in life Jeremiah Jonaitis, for their encouragement, support, and especially for helping to keep me balanced throughout this process. I love you. vii 1 Introduction The primary objectives of this dissertation were to explore the evolutionary relatedness among species of Adiantum, and determine whether the A. peruvianum Group is monophyletic. A molecular phylogeny was produced as a hypothesis of evolutionary relatedness, and comparative morphological data were employed in the formalization of taxonomic descriptions and keys. Adiantum L. (Pteridaceae) The Pteridaceae is a large, diverse, and cosmopolitan family of leptosproangiate ferns of various ecological niches, including terrestrial, epiphytic, rupestral, and aquatic habitats. There are about 50 genera and over 1000 species in the Pteridaceae (Schuettpelz et al. 2007). Members of this family are characterized by sporangia born along veins, either superficially or along margins that are protected by a reflexed marginal flap (pseudoindusia), a vertical, interrupted annulus, trilete spores, and a chromosome number of x = 29 or 30 (Tryon & Tryon 1982). The Pteridaceae has experienced a great deal of scrutiny and debate about which genera should be included in this family and how they are related (Copeland 1947, Tryon & Tryon 1982, Tryon et al. 1990, Smith 1995, Prado et al. 2007, Schuettpelz et al. 2007). The most recent and robust molecular phylogenetic assessment of the Pteridaceae (Schuettpelz et al. 2007) divides the family into five monophyletic clades: the Pteridoid clade (17 genera, 400 species), Cryptogrammoid clade (3 genera, 23 species), Ceratopteridoid clade (2 genera, 6 species), Cheilanthoid clade (20 genera, 400 species), and Adiantoid clade (12 genera, 300 species). The latter Adiantoid clade includes the vittariod ferns (Adiantopsis, Anetium, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Monogramma, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, 1 Rheopteris, Vittaria) and Adiantum. A phylogenetic analysis of the Pteridaceae by Schuettpelz et al. (2007) found that the vittariod
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Document
    African countries and neighbouring islands covered by the Synopsis. S T R E L I T Z I A 23 Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands by J.P. Roux Pretoria 2009 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which SANBI inherited from its predecessor organisations. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It sym- bolises the commitment of the Institute to champion the exploration, conservation, sustain- able use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. J.P. Roux South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Gerrit Germishuizen TECHNICAL EDITOR: Emsie du Plessis DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché COVER DESIGN: Elizma Fouché, incorporating Blechnum palmiforme on Gough Island PHOTOGRAPHS J.P. Roux Citing this publication ROUX, J.P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-48-8 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Maranta Leuconeura • Usually Grows About 30Cm Tall • Easy to Grow Plant • Grown for Foliage • Selectively Prune Off Larger Leaves to Promote Air Flow
    Living Walls Indoor Plant List List of recommended plants for use on indoor living walls to assist designers and other specialists with plant choice T: +353 (0)1 627 5177 W: www.sapgroup.com E: [email protected] Indoor Plant List Achimenes Erecta • Trailing plant which grows 45cm long • Bright indirect light • Will flower during the summer months • Normal moisture Adiantum Raddianum • Maidenhair fern • Light shade or dappled sunlight • Moist soil • Grown for foliage Agapanthus • Use dwarf varieties such as Snowball or Baby Pete • Evergreen • Summer flowering • Flowering height 30cm Aglaonema • Thrives in poor light areas • Grown for its foliage • Slow growing • Popular varieties include ‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Silver King’ +353 (0)1 627 5177 www.sapgroup.com [email protected] 1 Indoor Plant List Alocasia Reginula • Bright indirect light • Will rot from base if over wet • Will grow 30cm • May suffer from mealybug and aphids • Toxic if eaten Alocasia Sanderiana • Bright indirect light • Leaves will grow 40cm long • Grown for foliage • May suffer from mealybug and aphids • Toxic if eaten Anthurium Clarinervium • Grown for foliage which can grow 60cm (prune larger leaves) • Bright light but not direct for best growth • Keep soil moist • Neutral PH Anthurium Scherzerianum • Bright spot but no direct sunlight • Flowering from Spring to late summer • Grows 40cm tall • Keep compost moist +353 (0)1 627 5177 www.sapgroup.com [email protected] 2 Indoor Plant List Asparagus Fern • Asparagus Fern is the most popular variety • Grown for foliage • Bright
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Anatomical Adaptations to Dry, Shady Environments in Adiantum Reniforme Var
    Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae) Di Wu1, Linbao Li1, Xiaobo Ma1, Guiyun Huang1 and Chaodong Yang2 1 Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China ABSTRACT The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments. Subjects Conservation Biology, Plant Science Keywords Endodermis, Dictyostele, Sclerenchyma layer, Suberin lamellae, Thin cuticle Submitted 14 April 2020 Accepted 24 August 2020 INTRODUCTION Published 30 September 2020 Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae, subfamily Vittarioideae) is a rare Corresponding authors Guiyun Huang, cliff-dwelling perennial pteridophyte, with a natural distribution limited to small areas of [email protected] Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) in Canada
    Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Southern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) in Canada Southern Maidenhair Fern 2013 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2013. Recovery Strategy for the Southern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. 13 pp. + Appendix. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry (www.sararegistry.gc.ca). Cover illustration: Michael Miller Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de l’adiante cheveux-de-Vénus (Adiantum capillus-veneris) au Canada » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2013. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-100-21603-4 Catalogue no. En3-4/152-2013E-PDF Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE SOUTHERN MAIDENHAIR FERN (Adiantum capillus-veneris) IN CANADA 2013 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of British Columbia has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the “Recovery Strategy for the southern maiden-hair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) in British Columbia” (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017
    This Book is Sponsored by Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden 上海辰山植物园 Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心 Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping ＆ City Appearance Administrative Bureau (G182415) 上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项 (G182415) National Specimen Information Infrastructure, 2018 Special Funds 中国国家标本平台 2018 年度专项 Shanghai Sailing Program (14YF1413800) 上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划 (14YF1413800) Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017 DU Cheng & MA Jin-shuang Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017 中国植物名称索引 2010-2017 DU Cheng & MA Jin-shuang Abstract The first two volumes of Chinese Plant Names Index (CPNI) cover the years 2000 through 2009, with entries 1 through 5,516, and 2010 through 2017, with entries 5,517 through 10,795. A unique entry is generated for the specific name of each taxon in a specific publication. Taxonomic treatments cover all novelties at the rank of family, genus, species, subspecies, variety, form and named hybrid taxa, new name changes (new combinations and new names), new records, new synonyms and new typifications for vascular plants reported or recorded from China. Detailed information on the place of publication, including author, publication name, year of publication, volume, issue, and page number, are given in detail. Type specimens and collects information for the taxa and their distribution in China, as well as worldwide, are also provided. The bibliographies were compiled from 182 journals and 138 monographs or books published worldwide. In addition, more than 400 herbaria preserve type specimens of Chinese plants are also listed as an appendix. This book can be used as a basic material for Chinese vascular plant taxonomy, and as a reference for researchers in biodiversity research, environmental protection, forestry and medicinal botany.
    [Show full text]
  • (Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D
    Logacheva et al. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17(Suppl 2):255 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1195-z RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analysis of inverted repeats of polypod fern (Polypodiales) plastomes reveals two hypervariable regions Maria D. Logacheva1, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina1, Maxim S. Belenikin1,2, Kamil Khafizov2,3, Evgenii A. Konorov1,4, Sergey V. Kuptsov1 and Anna S. Speranskaya1,3* From Belyaev Conference Novosibirsk, Russia. 07-10 August 2017 Abstract Background: Ferns are large and underexplored group of vascular plants (~ 11 thousands species). The genomic data available by now include low coverage nuclear genomes sequences and partial sequences of mitochondrial genomes for six species and several plastid genomes. Results: We characterized plastid genomes of three species of Dryopteris, which is one of the largest fern genera, using sequencing of chloroplast DNA enriched samples and performed comparative analysis with available plastomes of Polypodiales, the most species-rich group of ferns. We also sequenced the plastome of Adianthum hispidulum (Pteridaceae). Unexpectedly, we found high variability in the IR region, including duplication of rrn16 in D. blanfordii, complete loss of trnI-GAU in D. filix-mas, its pseudogenization due to the loss of an exon in D. blanfordii. Analysis of previously reported plastomes of Polypodiales demonstrated that Woodwardia unigemmata and Lepisorus clathratus have unusual insertions in the IR region. The sequence of these inserted regions has high similarity to several LSC fragments of ferns outside of Polypodiales and to spacer between tRNA-CGA and tRNA-TTT genes of mitochondrial genome of Asplenium nidus. We suggest that this reflects the ancient DNA transfer from mitochondrial to plastid genome occurred in a common ancestor of ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • Brisbane Native Plants by Suburb
    INDEX - BRISBANE SUBURBS SPECIES LIST Acacia Ridge. ...........15 Chelmer ...................14 Hamilton. .................10 Mayne. .................25 Pullenvale............... 22 Toowong ....................46 Albion .......................25 Chermside West .11 Hawthorne................. 7 McDowall. ..............6 Torwood .....................47 Alderley ....................45 Clayfield ..................14 Heathwood.... 34. Meeandah.............. 2 Queensport ............32 Trinder Park ...............32 Algester.................... 15 Coopers Plains........32 Hemmant. .................32 Merthyr .................7 Annerley ...................32 Coorparoo ................3 Hendra. .................10 Middle Park .........19 Rainworth. ..............47 Underwood. ................41 Anstead ....................17 Corinda. ..................14 Herston ....................5 Milton ...................46 Ransome. ................32 Upper Brookfield .......23 Archerfield ...............32 Highgate Hill. ........43 Mitchelton ...........45 Red Hill.................... 43 Upper Mt gravatt. .......15 Ascot. .......................36 Darra .......................33 Hill End ..................45 Moggill. .................20 Richlands ................34 Ashgrove. ................26 Deagon ....................2 Holland Park........... 3 Moorooka. ............32 River Hills................ 19 Virginia ........................31 Aspley ......................31 Doboy ......................2 Morningside. .........3 Robertson ................42 Auchenflower
    [Show full text]
  • WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 ● 70Th YEAR 70E ANNÉE ● 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995
    WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 37, 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 • RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, No 37, 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 1995, 70, 261-268 No. 37 World Health Organization, Geneva Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Genève WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 c 70th YEAR 70e ANNÉE c 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 CONTENTS SOMMAIRE Expanded Programme on Immunization – Programme élargi de vaccination – Lot Quality Assurance Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot survey to assess immunization coverage, Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité), Burkina Faso 261 Burkina Faso 261 Human rabies in the Americas 264 La rage humaine dans les Amériques 264 Influenza 266 Grippe 266 List of infected areas 266 Liste des zones infectées 266 Diseases subject to the Regulations 268 Maladies soumises au Règlement 268 Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) Lot Quality Assurance survey to assess immunization coverage Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité) Burkina Faso. In January 1994, national and provincial Burkina Faso. En janvier 1994, les autorités nationales et provin- public health authorities, in collaboration with WHO, con- ciales de santé publique, en collaboration avec l’OMS, ont mené ducted a field survey to evaluate immunization coverage une étude sur le terrain pour évaluer la couverture vaccinale des for children 12-23 months of age in the city of Bobo enfants de 12 à 23 mois dans la ville de Bobo Dioulasso. L’étude a Dioulasso. The survey was carried out using the method of utilisé la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) plutôt que Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) rather than the 30-cluster la méthode des 30 grappes plus couramment utilisée par les pro- survey method which has traditionally been used by immu- grammes de vaccination.
    [Show full text]
  • HANSRAJ (Adiantum Capillus-Veneris): a REVIEW Md Nazim1*, Dr
    Nazim et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2018; 8(5-s):105-109 Available online on 15.10.2018 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-18, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Review Article HANSRAJ (Adiantum capillus-veneris): A REVIEW Md Nazim1*, Dr. Mohd Aslam2, Shahid Shah Chaudhary3 1 M D Scholar, Department of IlmulAdvia, SUMER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India 2 Professor, Department of IlmulAdvia, SUMER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India 3 Assistant professor, Dept. of Ilmul Saidla, SUMER, Jamia Hamdard ABSTRACT Hansraj (Adiantum capillus-veneris) is an herbal plant used in Unani system of medicine since ancient time. Leaves, roots, stem of the plant are mainly used in the treatment of kidney stone, diabetes, fungal infection, thyroid and respiratory disorder. This review article is presented to compose all the new information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Studies indicate Hansraj (Adiantum capillus-veneris) possesses antioxidant, wound healing action, anti-microbial and anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, antipyretic activity, it is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its anti-implantation effect. Most common use of Hansraj (Adiantum capillus- veneris) in hair problem because it prevent from alopecia and dandruff. These results are very motivating and indicate this herb should be more explore to confirm these results and reveal other potential and protective effect. Clinical trials using Hansraj (Adiantum capillus-veneris) for a variety of conditions should also be conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 8 Nicaragua Country Case Study
    NON-EDITED ANNEX 8 NICARAGUA COUNTRY CASE STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CONTEXT AND SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY REGARDING THE CROSSCUTTING ISSUES 2.1 Political Situation 3 POLICY DIALOGUE: HOW DOES FINLAND EXTEND INFLUENCE AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN RELATION TO THE CROSSCUTTING ISSUES 3.1 Bilateral consultations 3.2 Budget Support and Sector Dialogue 3.3 Harmonization and Alignment 3.4 Key Findings – Policy Dialogue 4 MAINSTREAMING IN VARIOUS INTERVENTIONS MODALITIES 4.1 Budget Support Group 4.2 Key Findings – Budget Support 4.3 Sector Support 4.3.1 FONSALUD 4.3.2 PRORURAL 4.4 Key Findings – Sector Support 4.5 Institutionalized Programs 4.5.1 PROGESTION 4.5.2 Key Findings – PROGESTION 4.5.3 FOMEVIDAS 4.5.4 Key Findings – FOMEVIDAS 4.6 Local Cooperation Funds 4.7 Key Findings – Local Cooperation Funds 5 RESPONSABILITIES AND PROCEDURES 5.1 Division of responsibilities between the Embassy and MFA 5.2 Internal Structure for Implementing the Crosscutting issues 5.3 Planning and Management Procedures 5.4 Reporting on Crosscutting Issues 5.5 Key Findings – Responsibilities and Procedures 6 KEY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 General Findings 6.2 Findings in the Political Dialogue 6.3 Findings in the Intervention Modalities 6.4 Findings for Responsibilities and Procedures 6.5 Conclusions 6.6 Lessons Learnt 6.7 Recommendations REFERENCES ANNEX 1 PEOPLE INTERVIEWD ACRONYMS AMUNIC Nicaraguan Association of Municipalities BS Budget Support BSWG Budget Support Working Group CED Department Board of Directors CEN National Board of
    [Show full text]