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Table of Contents The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DOUGLAS B. WAKE Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: April 3, 2014 Copyright 2017 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Family history; son of James I. Wake and Meta (“Dolly”) Nauheim Wake Born January 7, 1959; raised in Niagara Falls, New York 1959-1975 Rotary International Youth Exchange Student, Sweden 1975-1976 Columbia College, New York, New York 1976-1979 Columbia University School of International Affairs 1979-1980 New York City Department of Consumer Affairs 1980-1981 researcher on energy issues Entered Foreign Service April 1981 Sworn in May 1, 1981 A100 course, other short-term training Apr-Aug 1981 Met future spouse in Consular Training (ConGenRoslyn) June 1981 Married Constance (Connie) Phlipot June 1988 Foreign Service Posts United States Mission to the United Nations Fall 1981 Junior Reporting Officer Stockholm, Sweden 1982-1983 Consular Officer, with short detail to Political Section United States Mission to the United Nations – 1983-1986 Economic and Social Affairs Officer Human rights and social/humanitarian issues Delegate to UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva 1984-1986 Bureau of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs 1986-1987 (future Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs) Human Rights Officer for Europe and Eurasia Delegate to Vienna Meeting of Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) 1986-1988 Foreign Service Institute – Russian Language Training 1987-1988 1 Leningrad, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (now St. Petersburg, Russia) 1988-1990 Political/Economic Officer Political upheaval and economic hardship in Northwest Russia and beyond Baltic States struggle to reestablish their independence Baltic Way on 50th anniversary of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Aug 23, 1989 (“hands across the Baltic”) “Commuting” between Leningrad and Helsinki (tandem Foreign Service spouse was serving as Economic Officer) Foreign Service Institute – Burmese Language Training 1990-1991 Rangoon, Burma (Yangon, Myanmar) – Political Officer 1991-1993 Military rule, repression, political stagnation Human rights abuses, narcotics production, ethnic strife Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest, wins Nobel Peace Prize Foreign Service Institute – Latvian Language Training 1993-1994 Riga, Latvia – Political Officer 1994-1997 Deputy Chief of Mission 1995-1997 Final stages of ex-Soviet troop withdrawal Demolition of ex-Soviet Skrunda radar Political and economic transition, major banking crisis Challenges of integration, naturalization of non-citizens Early steps toward European Union and NATO accession Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs – Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Foreign Service Fellow 1997-1998 Office of the Coordinator of United States Assistance to the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union 1998-2000 Director, Economic Affairs Collapse of Russian financial system, major U.S. food aid program Assistance to Ukraine, Kharkiv Initiative Poland-Ukraine-U.S. Assistance Initiative (PAUCI) Moscow, Russian Federation – Chief, Political / Internal Unit 2000-2003 Early years of first Putin Presidency, reassertion of Kremlin control over regions Crackdown on independent media, backsliding on democracy and human rights Continuing conflict in Chechnya Yekaterinburg, Russia – Acting Consul General Summer 2003 Office of European Regional Security, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Coordinator, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Affairs 2003-2004 Maastricht Ministerial Dec 2003 Berlin Conference on Anti-Semitism Apr 2004 OSCE Mission to Serbia and Montenegro, Belgrade, Serbia 2004-2006 Deputy Head of Mission (on “secondment” from the U.S. Government to the OSCE) 2 Post-Milosevic institution-building Post-conflict stabilization in Albanian majority areas of South Serbia Peaceful dissolution of State Union of Serbia and Montenegro after May 2006 referendum on independence of Montenegro Bureau of International Organization Affairs 2006-2008 Director, Office of United Nations Peacekeeping, Sanctions and Counter-Terrorism Expansion of UN peacekeeping operations in Lebanon New “hybrid” UN-African Union peacekeeping operation in Darfur (UNAMID) Professor of International Relations and State Department Adviser, United States Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 2008-2009 Retired from the Foreign Service July 2009 Post-Foreign Service Employment OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Warsaw, Poland 2009-2013 First Deputy Director INTERVIEW Q: Today is the third of April 2014 with Douglas Wake. This is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training and I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. And you go by Doug? WAKE: Doug, yeah. Q: Doug let’s start at the beginning. When and where were you born? WAKE: I was born in Niagara Falls, New York on the 7th of January 1959. Q: What the hell were you doing in Niagara Falls? WAKE: Well that’s where my parents were, so that’s why I was born there. My dad was a haberdasher; he had a small men’s clothing store in the city of Niagara Falls, New York, and had been there since a little earlier in the ‘50s. He’s still there today aged 93, almost 94, although they moved to a place called Lewiston which is a few steps away from Niagara Falls. Q: Oh good. Okay let’s talk about your family. Let’s stay on your father’s side. What do you know about where they came from and let’s go back as far as you know. WAKE: It’s a little bit of a sad story because my father’s father was an immigrant to the United States at the end of the 19th century and he was naturalized in Cattaraugus, New York, in the early part of the 20th century 19-0 something. His citizenship documents say 3 he was a subject of Austria. He was Jewish but somehow my father never really learned before his father’s death, which was sometime in the 1940s, where his father really was from. So Austria in the end of the 19th century was a pretty broad concept and whether he was from present-day Austria or somewhere else in the Austro-Hungarian Empire has never been determined. My father had made some effort to try and track down some supporting documents and learned at that time that naturalization records in New York State didn’t go much further than the courthouse building, which had burned down, and that was the story. Someday maybe I’ll try to research this again but his mother was also an immigrant, from Western Germany, and also Jewish. She was from a little town called Bad Rappenau, which I actually at one point visited and where I found a couple grave stones which were apparently of my ancestors. That’s the father’s side pretty much as far as we know. Q: On the father’s side where did they go to school, what’s their schooling? WAKE: I can’t really tell you about his parents except that his father was in the same business and had a small clothing store as did several cousins that were in the clothing business in smaller towns in New York State. My father grew up in that small town of Cattaraugus, New York, and then went to Ohio State. He was in the ROTC program and ended up serving in Europe during the Second World War. Q: What sort of military service? WAKE: He was Army, Quarter Master Corps. The war provided a link to the family history because he was actually the first person born in the United States from the family who was back in that village I mentioned, Bad Rappenau. His unit passed through that part of Germany, which is not too far from Heidelberg, as part of the invasion/occupation after D Day. Q: Did he ever talk about the war? WAKE: A little bit but reluctantly and sort of late in life as I think is rather typical of people of that generation. Q: It is and … WAKE: He did talk about being in charge, so to speak, of displaced persons and the sort of terrible state that people were in after the occupation. He also did mention – not with incredible detail, but he did mention – being in one of the concentration camps shortly after liberation and the terrible stench and scenes there. Q: How about on your mother’s side? Where did her family come from? WAKE: Her family also came from let’s say Germanic Jewish background. I think from Germany proper, what we would call Germany today, but perhaps unusually in the case of a Jewish family, the roots go a little bit further back than many in the United States. 4 Her mother was born in Columbus, Georgia in the latter part of the 19th century, and her father was born in New York City. And even on one side, I believe it was her grandfather on her father’s side, there was a London connection. So it was a while back before you got back to the roots in Germany. I don’t think there was any correspondence; there was no connection to relatives on that side of the ocean because it was so far back. Q: Where did she grow up and what about schooling for her? WAKE: My mother herself was born in New York, grew up in Flushing which she always insisted on calling Long Island even though it was part of New York City, Queens. She went to William and Mary in Virginia and then got a master’s in teaching at Teachers College of Columbia University. So she was back in New York living at home and got a master’s degree. Q: It was sort of the preeminent teacher’s school. WAKE: Yes, it was a good education, which she used to do some teaching; she taught mainly math although in my memory she was only doing some limited substitute teaching.
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