APPENDIX B1: Lists

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Plant Species List

Sources:

E Ecological Management Services Site Data (EMS 1999) N QNPWS Site Data (QNPWS, 1998 & 1999) M Ann Moran Site Data (Moran, undated; Moran, pers.comm. 1999) V Qld Herbarium Wetland Vegetation Survey Site Data (DOE 1997) W Woodward-Clyde Site Data (WWC 1997) L Tim Low Records (pers. comm. 1999) D DEH Site Data (DEH 1995) R Scientific Areas at Beerwah - Species lists (Rider et al. undated) S Scientific Area 59 - Species list (Anon, undated) P A. Pollock Species List (Pollock 1990) T Thomas & Drake Preliminary List (Thomas & Drake 1993) J J. Muscillio (Muscillio, undated) G Garry Thomas Records (pers. comm. 1999) O Mike Olsen Records (pers. comm. 1999)

Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Acacia attenuata R M M, E, O L, M, J Acacia aulacocarpa N M M, V M M, P V V M Acacia bakeri M Acacia baueri M G Acacia baueri ssp. baueri E Acacia complanata N, R N, S M T Acacia concurrens S M, T M, E V M Acacia falcata M

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road D Acacia hubbardiana SMT M, E N, D Acacia implexa W NMM, V M V M Acacia leiocalyx ssp. leiocalyx D Acacia longissima RM W Acacia maidenii TM D Acacia melanoxylon RSMM, TM M V M W Acacia myrtifolia RS Acacia oshanesii MW Acacia penninervis N, R Acacia penninervis v longiracemosa M Acacia suaveolens N, R N, S M, T M Acacia ulicifolia N, R S M, T M Acianthus sp. M Acmena hemilampra NV Acmena smithii M, E M, P W Acronychia laevis M, P Acronychia oblongifolia M Acronychia wilcoxiana M Acrostichum speciosum M, V V M Acrotriche aggregata N, R N M M M, E M Adiantum hispidulum M Adiantum silvaticum M Aegiceras corniculatum M, T V M Ageratum houstonianum MM,TM M V M Alectryon coriaceus W Allocasuarina emuina N, D

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road N, R N, S M M,V,T M, E M, P V V M D Allocasuarina sp. N Allocasuarina torulosa SMM W Alloteropsis semialata MM, TM M excelsa N, R N, S M M,V,T M,E M, P V V M W D Alphitonia petriei W Alpinia caerulea NM, PVW Alyxia ilicifolia ssp magnifolia EM Alyxia ruscifolia M, P Amyema cambagei MM Amyema sp M Andropogon virginicus MM M Angophora woodsiana N, S M M N Aotus ericoides RM, TM D Aotus lanigera N M, T E M N, D Aphananthe philippensis W Archidendron grandiflorum M, P Archirhodomyrtus beckleri W Archontophoenix cunninghamiana M, P V W Aristida benthamii MMM Aristida sp MM M Aristida warburgii T Arytera divaricata M Arytera lautereriana P Austromyrtus dulcis M,V,T M M, P M Austrosteenisia blackii M Avicennia marina MM Avicennia marina ssp. australasica TV

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Axonopus compressus M Babingtonia sp. W Baccharis halimifolia NMM,V,TM,EM V V V M W D Backhousia myrtifolia MM,P Bacopa monnieri M Baeckea frutescens MM Baeckea imbricata N,D Baeckea stenophylla N,R S E N Baeckea virgata RS E M N,R S M,T M,E Banksia integrifolia N,S M M,T M,E V M Banksia oblongifolia N,R N,S M M,T M,E V V N,R N,S M,V,T M,E V M W N Banksia spinulosa ST Banksia spinulosa var. collina N N,S M M,E Bauera capitata N,D Baumea articulata M,V M D Baumea juncea MM Baumea muelleri MM Baumea rubiginosa M,V,T M M D Baumea teretifolia M,V M V M D Beilschmiedia obtusifolia MW Bidens pilosa TM M Billardiera scandens NTM Billardieria scandens var. scandens W Blandfordia grandiflora TM, O Blechnum cartilagineum REM Blechnum indicum N M,V,T M,E M V V V M W N,D

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Boronia falcifolia RS M,TM,E N,D Boronia rosmarinifolia N,S T E mutica TM M Brachyloma daphnoides M Breynia oblongifolia NMMM,PV M Briza minor M Bruguiera gymnorhiza MVM Brunoniella australis MM M M Burchardia umbellata NTM D Bursaria spinosa M Caesalpinia scortechinii M Caesalpinia subtropica P Caesia parviflora TM M D Calamus muelleri EM,P W Calanthe triplicata NM M Callistemon pachyphyllus N,R S M,V,T M M N,D Callistemon salignus M,E M W Callitris columellaris N Callitris rhomboidea R Calochlaena dubia R N M M,V,T M M W D Calotis dentex M Canna indica W Canthium coprosmoides M,P M Capillipedium spicigerum MM Carex appressa V Carex breviculmis V Carex fascicularis V

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Carex neurochlamys MM Carex polyantha M Carissa ovata M,P Cassia sp. N Cassytha filiformis M Cassytha glabella N,R M M,E Cassytha pubescens RMMM,EM M D Cassytha spp. T Casuarina glauca M,T V M Caustis blakei M Caustis flexulosa R Caustis recurvata N,R M,T M,E W Cayratia clematidea M Celtis paniculata M Centaurium spicatum M Centella asiatica MM,VM M V M Centella dentata W Ceriops tagal MM Cheilanthes sieberi M Cheilanthes sp. N Cheilanthes tenuifolia M Chloanthes parviflora T Chloris gayana W Chorizandra cymbaria M,V M V D Chorizandra sp. N Chorizandra sphaerocephala NTM M Cinnamomum camphora NM M W Cinnamomum oliveri N

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Cissus antarctica NM,P Cissus hypoglauca TM,EM,P Cissus opacea R Citronella moorei W Cladium procerum M Clerodendrum floribundum NMMM,P MW Clerodendrum tomentosum W Coelospermum paniculatum M,P Coleocarya gracilis T N Comesperma defoliatum TM D Comesperma hispidulum N Commelina diffusa MM Commersonia bartramia M,P W Conospermum taxifolium M,T M,E N,D Conyza canadensis v pusilla M Conyza sp M Conyza sumatrensis MM Conzya albida W Cordyline petiolaris V Cordyline rubra NEM,PW Corybas sp. M gummifera N,R N,S Corymbia intermedia RN,S V,TE V V W D RN,SM Crassocephalum crepidioides TM M Crinum pedunculatum M Crotalaria lanceolata MM Crotalaria montana MT

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Crotalaria pallida M Crotalaria zanzibarica W Cryptocarya glaucescens N,R E M Cryptocarya macdonaldii M Cryptocarya microneura P Cryptocarya obovata W Cryptocarya sclerophylla M Cryptocarya triplinervis W Cryptostylis erecta M Cryptostylis subulata M Cupaniopsis anacardioides M,V M M V V Cyathochaeta diandra ME Cymbidium madidum MM M,P Cymbidium sp. R Cymbidium suave T D Cymbopogon refractus NMM M M Cynanchum carnosum M Cynodon dactylon MM Cyperus aquatilis T Cyperus difformis M Cyperus exaltatus M Cyperus haspan TM Cyperus lucidus V Cyperus polystachyos MM,VM M M Cyperus sp. V W Dampiera sp. NT Dampiera stricta RNM M Dampiera sylvestre M

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Davallia pyxidata M,P Daviesia umbellulata N,R N M T M Daviesia villifera V Dendrobium monophyllum M Dendrophthoe glabrescens V Denhamia celastroides M Denhamia pittosporoides TP Desmodium gunnii Desmodium rhytidophyllum MM,TM M V M Desmodium sp. N Desmodium uncinatum M Dianella caerulea RM,VPVV Dianella caerulea v assera M Dianella longifolia MM Dianella revoluta v revoluta M Dianella sp. NNMM,TM M M W D Dichelachne micrantha MV Dicranopterus linearis T D Digitaria ciliaris M Digitaria orbata M Digitaria parviflora MM M Dillwynia ericoides R Dillwynia floribunda R N Dillwynia retorta N,R Dillwynia retorta v retorta M,T M,E Dioscorea transversa MM Diospyros fasciculosa M,P Diospyros pentamera M,P

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Dipodium variegatum M Dodonaea triquetra MM M V MW Doodia aspera NM Doodia heterophylla M Drosera binata TM D Drosera peltata RT Drosera peltata ssp auriculata MM Drosera prgmaea T Drosera spatulata R N M M,E M N,D Dysoxylum rufum W Echinochloa crus- galli M Elaeocarpus grandis M Elaeocarpus obovatus NM,PVM Elaeocarpus reticulatus N,R M,T M,E M,P V M W D Eleocharis equisetina M Embelia australiana M,P Emilia sonchifolia MM M M M D Empodisma minus N,R M,T M,E M N,D Endiandra discolor NEM,PV Endiandra sieberi RM,TM VMW Entolasia marginata VM Entolasia sp. N Entolasia stricta N,R M M M,V,T M,E M V M N,D Enydra fluctuans V microphylla SM,TM,E M N,D Epacris obtusifolia R N,D Epacris pulchella RSMM,TM,E D Epaltes australis MM M M

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Eragrostis bahiensis M M Eragrostis interrupta MM Eragrostis sp. M Eragrostis spartinoides T Erechtites valerianifolia MW Eremochloa bimaculata M Eriachne pallescens M Eriocaulon australe M,V,T D Eriocaulon scariosum MM D Eriochilus cucullatus T Eriostemon myoporoides N N,D Eriostemon myoporoides ssp queenslandicus MM Eriostemon sp. E acmenoides SM Eucalyptus bancroftii N,S Eucalyptus carnea N,S M Eucalyptus conglomerata N,R S M NM W Eucalyptus gummifera MM Eucalyptus intermedia MM M M M Eucalyptus microcorys N,S M M,E M W N,R N,S T M,E M V M N N,S M M,T M,E N,R N,S M,E M S M,V,T M,E W N,D Eucalyptus robusta x E. tereticornis VW

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Eucalyptus seeana NM Eucalyptus siderophloia NM NMM,T V V M Eucalyptus tindaliae N,R N,S M Eucalyptus torelliana MW Eulalia trispicata T Eupomatia bennettii M,P Eupomatia laurina M,P Euroschinus falcata TM,P Eurychorda complanata MM Eustrephus latifolius M M,T M,E M,P M Excoecaria agallocha MVM Exocarpos latifolius V Ficus coronata NVM,PV W Ficus obliqua M,P W Ficus watkinsiana M,P Fimbristylis acicularis T Fimbristylis cinnamometorum M,T Fimbristylis dichotoma MM M M Fimbristylis ferruginea M Fimbristylis nutans M Fimbristylis pauciflora MM,E M Fimbristylis tristachya T Flagellaria indica NVEM,PVW Flindersia bennettiana M,P Freycinetia scandens M,P Fuirena ciliaris M Gahnia aspera RMVM

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Gahnia clarkei NM,TM,EM MW Gahnia sieberiana N,R N M,V,T M,E M N,D Geitonoplesium cymosum N,R M M,P W Geodorum densiflorum MM,TM M NTMM D Gleichenia mendellii N Gleichenia microcarpa W Gleichenia rupestris R Glochidion ferdinandi RMM,VM,PVV W Glochidion sumatranum R M M,V,T M M,P V V V M W D Glycine clandestina MM,TM M Glycine cyrtoloba T Glycine sp. N Gomphocarpus fruticosus MMM Gompholobium pinnatum N M M,T M,E M V M N,D Gompholobium virgatum N,R M M Gompholobium virgatum v. virgatum T Gonocarpus micranthus N,R N E D Gonocarpus micranthus ssp ramosissimus M,T M M Gonocarpus tetragynus MM Gonocarpus teucrioides M Goodenia bellidifolia T Goodenia bellidifolia ssp argentea MM Goodenia rotundifolia RMM,TM D Goodenia stelligera MM,E M D Grevillea banksii M,E Grevillea leiophylla R N,S M M,T M,E Grewia latifolia V

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Guioa acutifolia M,P Guioa semiglauca M,P Gymnostachys anceps M,P Haemodorum tenuifolium M,T M D Hakea actites N,R N,S M M,V,T M,E V N,D Hakea florulenta R N,S M M,T M,E V D Hakea sp. VV Hardenbergia violacea RNMT M M Hibbertia acicularis T D Hibbertia aspera NMT M Hibbertia linearis T Hibbertia salicifolia RMM N,D Hibbertia scandens N,R M,T M M V V M D Hibbertia stricta N,R N T M Hibbertia vestita R N M M,T M,E M V V M N,D Hibiscus diversifolius SM M Hibiscus heterophyllus RMM,TMM Hibiscus sp. W Hibiscus tiliaceus V Histiopteris incisa M Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora M,P Homoranthus virgatus M,T M,E Hovea acutifolia TM,EM D Hovea longipes W Hybanthus stellarioides MM M M Hydrilla verticillata M Hypericum gramineum NMM,TM,EM M Hypochoeris radicata MM M

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Hypolaena fastigiata M N Hypolepis muelleri V,T M V Hypoxis hygrometrica M Hypoxis pratensis T Hypserpa decumbens M Imperata cylindrica R N M M,V,T M,E M V V M W D Indigofera australis V Ipomoea cairica MVW Ipomoea indica MW Ischaemum australe MMD Ischaemum fragile MM,E Ischaemum triticeum M Isolepis inundata MM scoparia NMM,T M Jagera pseudorhus M,P Juncus continuus M Juncus kraussii MM Juncus polyanthemus MM M Juncus prismatocarpus MM Juncus sp. R Juncus usitatus MM Kennedia procurrens W Kennedia rubicunda M,T M N N M M,V,T M,E M,P M W Laxmannia compacta M,T M,E Laxmannia gracilis M,R N E Leersia hexandra M,V,T M Lepidosperma laterale NNMM,TM,E D

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Lepidosperma quadrangulatum V Lepironia articulata V,T V W Leptocarpus tenax V,T M V Leptomeria acidia E Leptospermum attenuatum S Leptospermum juniperinum NV,TM M D Leptospermum lanigerum S Leptospermum liversidgei RS M,TM,E N,D Leptospermum petersonii RM Leptospermum polygalifolium N,R N,S M M,T M,E M D Leptospermum semibaccatum RM,TM,E D Leptospermum sp. N Leptospermum speciosum N,R N,S T M,E Leptospermum trinervium N,R M,T M,E Leptospermum whitei NMM,E D Lepyrodia caudata NV,T N Lepyrodia interrupta NM,TM,E N Lepyrodia scariosa ME V Leucopogon lanceolatus S Leucopogon lanceolatus var. gracilis T Leucopogon leptospermoides NM,TMV VMD Leucopogon parviflorus M Leucopogon pimeleoides RMMM,EMV M D Leucopogon virgatus RS Ligustrum sinense MW Liliaceae sp. V Lindsaea ensifolia TM,E Lindsaea fraseri D

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Lindsaea incisa M,T M D Lindsaea linearis M Lindsaea masa E Litsea leefeana N Livistona australis N V,T M,E M,P V V V W D Lobelia alata M Lobelia gibbosa M Lobelia membranacea MM M M D Lobelia purpurascens NMM,TM M M Lobelia stenophylla M Lomandra confertifolia R Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida N Lomandra elongata M Lomandra hystrix N Lomandra laxa M Lomandra longifolia N,R N M M,V,T M,E M V V M N,D Lomandra multiflora N N M M,V,T M,E M V Lomandra sp. N Lomandra spicata M,P Lomatia silaifolia T confertus R N M M,T M,E M,P W Lophostemon suaveolens N N,S M M,V,T M M V V V M W N,D Lotononis bainesii M Ludwigia octovalvis M Ludwigia peploides ssp. M montevidensis Lycopodium cernuum TM D Lygodium microphyllum M,V,T M V V W D Lysiana subfalcata M

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Macaranga tanarius W Maclura cochinchinensis VV Macroptilium atropurpureum MW Marsdenia fraseri T nodosa N,R S M,T M,E N,D Melaleuca quinquenervia N,R N,S M M,V,T M,E M V V V M W N,D Melaleuca sieberi N,R S M,T M,E N,D Melaleuca thymifolia SM,TM,EV N,D Melastoma affine RMM,V,TM,EMV VMW Melicope elleryana NVMVVW Melinis minutiflora M W Melinis repens MV W Melodinus australis NM W Melodorum leichhardtii M Micrantheum ericoides MM Microlaena stipoides M Microtis aff parviflora M Microtis sp M Microtis unifolia M Milletia megasperma P Mirbelia rubiifolia M,T M V N,D Mischarytera lautereriana M Mischocarpus pyriformis M,P Misteltoes R Mitrasacme paludosa NM,TM,E M D Monotoca elliptica M Monotoca scoparia NS M,TM,E Morinda jasminoides NM

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Mucuna gigantea V Murdannia graminea M,T M Myoporum acuminatum MVM Neolitsea dealbata M,P W Notelaea longifolia TM,P Notelaea longifolia f. glabra V Notelaea ovata RNMT M Notelaea venosa W Notothixos subaureus M Nymphaea capensis M D Ochna serrulata VM,P W Ochrosperma lineare M,T M D Olax retusa M,T M N,D Omalanthus populifolius N,R M W Oplismenus aemulus MV Oplismenus hirtellus N Oplismenus imbecilis M Oplismenus sp. M Ottochloa gracillima MMVV Ottochloa nodosa M Oxalis corniculata MM M V Pandorea jasminoides M,P Panicum effusum MM,TM,E V M Panicum maximum v maximum MM Pararistolochia praevenosa M,P Parsonsia eucalyptifolia W Parsonsia straminea N,R M M,V,T M M,P V V M Paspalidium distans MM

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Paspalidium gausum M Paspalidium gracile V Paspalum conjugatum V Paspalum dilatatum M Paspalum paniculatum M Paspalum plicatulum T Paspalum scrobiculatum VV Passiflora edulis MM Passiflora foetida MM,P MW Passiflora herbertiana P Passiflora suberosa MMVM Patersonia fragilis MM D Patersonia glabrata N,R N T Patersonia sericea RNMM,TM,E N,D Pennisetum purpureum T W Persicaria sp. W Persicaria strigosa V,T M V Persicaria subsessilis V Persoonia cornifolia N,S M M,V,T M Persoonia linearis ST W Persoonia stradbrokensis MM,E M Persoonia tenuifolia S Persoonia virgata N,R N,S M M,V,T M,E V M N,D Petalostigma triloculare TM,EM Petrophila shirleyae TV D Petrophile canescens M Philydrum lanuginosum M M,V,T M M D Phragmites australis M,V,T M V V M W

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Phyllanthus virgatus MT M Pilidiostigma rhytispermum REM Pilidostigma glabrum PW Pilmelia linfolia ssp. linifolia EV Pimelea linifolia NNMM,TM N,D Pinus elliottii NMM,V,TM,E M W Pinus sp. R Piper novae-hollandiae M,P W Pittosporum revolutum N,R M M,P M W Pittosporum undulatum M W Planchonella chartaceae P Platycerium bifurcatum MV Platylobium formosum TM,EM W Platysace linearifolia MM Poa annua M Podocarpus elatus W Podocarpus spinulosus N,R Podolepis neglecta R Polymeria calycina TM M Polyscias elegans M,P Pomax umbellata TM M Poranthera microphylla MM Pothos longipes M Pouteria chartacea MM Pouteria laurifolia M Pouteria queenslandica W Protasparagus plumosa M Pseudanthus orientalis N,R N,D

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Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Pseuderanthemum variabile NM,TMM loniceroides N,R T M M,P M W Pteridium esculentum N,R N M M,T M,E M V V M W D Pterostylis baptistii T Ptilothrix deusta RNM M,E Pultenaea microphylla W Pultenaea myrtoides N,R M V V Pultenaea paleacea R N M M,V,T M,E M D Pultenaea retusa N Pultenaea villosa N,R N M V,T M,E M Pultenea euchila M Rainforest species N Randia chartacea W Rapanea howittiana W Rapanea variabilis VVM Rauwenhoffia leichhardtii P Restio complanatus TE N,D Restio pallens NN M,V,TM V M N,D Restio tetraphyllus RE Restio tetraphyllus ssp meiostachyus M,T M W D Rhizophora stylosa MVM Rhodamnia acuminata M,P Rhodomyrtus psidioides M Rhynchospora brownii MM M Rhynchospora corymbosa M,V M M Rhynchospora rubra MM,TM Ricinocarpos pinifolius N,R N,D Ripogonum album MW

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP1.DOC Page 22 APPENDIX B1: PLANT SPECIES LIST

Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Ripogonum discolor P Rubus hillii W Rubus moluccanus NP Rubus moluccanus v trilobus MM Rubus parvifolius MM Rubus probus M Rubus rosifolius M Sacciolepis indica M M,V,T M Sarcochilus olivaceus M,P Schefflera actinophylla NMMW Schinus terebinthifolia VMW Schizaea bifida M,T M M Schizaea dichotoma N,R N M T M D Schizomeria ovata EM,P Schoenoplectus mucronatus M Schoenus apogon MM,E M Schoenus brevifolius N,R V,T E V M Schoenus calostachyus M,E M Schoenus melanostachys M,E V M Schoenus paludosus R Schoenus scabripes E G Schoenus sp. D Scleria levis M,T M Scleria sphacelata M Scleria terrestris M Scolopia braunii W Scoparia dulcis M Selaginella uliginosa N,R M,T M,E M N,D

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP1.DOC Page 23 APPENDIX B1: PLANT SPECIES LIST

Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Senna pendula v glabrata M Sesuvium portulacastrum M Setaria sphacelata MV,T M Sida cordifolia V Sida rhombifolia M,T M W Smilax australis N,R M M,T M,P V W Smilax glycophylla N,R T M,E M,P W Solanum mauritianum M Solanum nigrum M,T M M W Solanum torvum MM Sonchus oleraceus T Sowerbaea juncea RM,TM,EV M N Spathodea campanulata W Spiranthes sinensis M Sporobolus laxus MM M Sporobolus sp M Sporobolus virginicus MM Sprengelia sprengelioides RM,TM,E N,D Stackhousia nuda M Stackhousia viminea MT D Stenocarpus sinuatus M,P Stephania japonica MM M V Stephania japonica var. discolor W Sticherus flabellatus MM M,E Strangea linearis N,R N M,T M,E N,D N,D Stylidium graminifolium MM,E D Stylidium ornatum MM M

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP1.DOC Page 24 APPENDIX B1: PLANT SPECIES LIST

Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Symplocos stawellii EP Symplocos thwaitesii M Syncarpia glomulifera N,R T M,E M,P W Synoum glandulosum M,P W Syzygium australe M Syzygium luehmannii M,P V W Syzygium oleosum TM W Taxaraxacum officinale W Tephrosia glomulifera M Tetrastigma nitens T Tetratheca thymifolia N,R T Themeda triandra R N M M,V,T M,E M V V M D Thysanotus tuberosus M D Todea barbara W Trachymene incisa M,T M D Trema tomentosa MM,PV Trema tomentosa var. viridis R Trichoryne anceps V Trichoryne muricata V Tricoryne elatior M,T M,E M M D Triglochin procerum M Triglochin striatum M Trochocarpa laurina M Trophis scandens M Typha orientalis MM Urochloa mutica W Utricularia caerulea T D Utricularia dichotoma M

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP1.DOC Page 25 APPENDIX B1: PLANT SPECIES LIST

Locations

Species_Name SA 24 SA 59 Mt Bells Caloundra Sunset Currimundi Birtinya Mooloolah Parrearra Wises Maroochy Airport Alpha Creek Aerodrome Drive Creek River Road Utricularia lateriflora R Velleia spathulata RN M,TM M V M D Vernonia cinerea NMM M M Villarsia exaltata N M,V,T M V V N,D Viminaria juncea M,T Viola betonicifolia T Viola hederacea MT M M D Wahlenbergia gracilis MM M Westringia fruticosia S Wikstroemia indica MM Wilkiea huegeliana EV Wilkiea macrophylla M,P Wurmbea dioica M Xanthorrhoea fulva N,R N,S M,V,T M,E M V V M W N,D Xanthorrhoea johnsonii NSMT M,EM V Xanthorrhoea latifolia NN,S Xanthorrhoea latifolia ssp latifolia RT M Xanthorrhoea macronema N Xanthosia pilosa T Xylomelum pyriforme R Xylomelum salicinum NS Xyris complanata MM,E M D Xyris juncea RTM,E N,D Zieria laxiflora N,R M,T M,E Zieria minutiflora RMM Zieria minutiflora ssp. minutiflora V Zieria smithii E

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP1.DOC Page 26 APPENDIX B2: Vegetation Types

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP2.DOC APPENDIX B2: VEGETATION TYPES

WETLAND VEGETATION TYPES:

The wetland vegetation types identified during the “Coastal Wetlands of South-eastern Queensland Vegetation Survey and Mapping, Maroochy Shire to Pine Rivers Shire” by EPA and Chenoweth EPLA (1999), are outlined below.

(* = types not included in map sections shown in this report)

1. Mangrove communities 1A(i) Aegiceras corniculatum closed-scrub, open-scrub (>2m), low closed-scrub, low open-scrub (0.25-2m) 1B(i) Avicennia marina closed-forest, open-forest, woodland (10-30m), low closed- forest, low open-forest, low woodland (5-10m) 1B(ii)a Avicennia marina closed-scrub, open-scrub (>2m) 1B(ii)b Avicennia marina tall shrubland, tall open-shrubland (>2m) 1B(ii)c Avicennia marina tall shrubland, tall open-shrubland (>2m) that are dieing due to waterlogging *1B(iii) Avicennia marina low shrubland, low open-shrubland, (0.25-2m) *1C(i) Bruguiera gymnorhiza closed-forest, open-forest, (10-30m), low closed- forest, low open-forest (5-10m) 1C(ii) Bruguiera gymnorhiza - Casuarina glauca closed-forest, open-forest 1D(i) Ceriops tagal closed-scrub, open-scrub, tall shrubland, tall open-shrubland (>2m) 1D(ii) Ceriops tagal low open-scrub, low shrubland (0.25-2m) 1E(i) Rhizophora stylosa closed-scrub, open-scrub, tall shrubland, tall open- shrubland (>2m) 1F(i) Aegiceras corniculatum - Avicennia marina - Rhizophora stylosa - Bruguiera gymnorhiza closed-scrub, open-scrub, (>2m), low closed-scrub, low open-scrub (0.25- 2m) *1F(ii) Avicennia marina - Aegiceras corniculatum closed-scrub, open-scrub (>2m) *1F(iii) Avicennia marina - Bruguiera gymnorhiza - Excoecaria agallocha open- forest, (10-30m), low open-forest (5-10m)

2. Claypan

3. Samphire communities 3A(i) Sarcocornia spp. - Suaeda australis dwarf closed shrubland, dwarf shrubland, dwarf open-shrubland, dwarf sparse-shrubland (<0.25m)

4. Grassland communities 4A(i) Sporobolus virginicus closed grassland, grassland 4B(i) Paspalum vaginatum closed grassland, grassland *4C(i) Phragmites australis closed grassland, grassland

5. Swamp oak communities 5A(i)a Casuarina glauca open-forest, woodland (10-30m) *5A(i)b Casuarina glauca open-woodland (10-30m) 5A(ii)a Casuarina glauca low open-forest, low woodland (5-10m) *5A(ii)b Casuarina glauca low open-woodland (5-10m) *5B(i) Casuarina glauca - Melaleuca quinquenervia open-forest, woodland (10- 30m), low open-forest (5-10m) *5B(ii) Casuarina glauca - Melaleuca quinquenervia open-forest (10-30m), low open-forest (5-10m), (dying)

g:\environ\projects\9727\stage3\finalias\aug2000\appb2.doc 1 APPENDIX B2: VEGETATION TYPES

*5C(i) Casuarina glauca - Bruguiera gymnorhiza - Excoecaria agallocha low open- forest (5-10m) *5C(ii) Casuarina glauca - Avicennia marina low open-forest (5-10m) *5C(iii) Casuarina glauca - Avicennia marina - Aegiceras corniculatum open-forest, woodland (10-30m), with dense mangrove understorey.

6. Sedgeland communities 6A(i) Restio pallens - Juncus kraussii closed-sedgeland, sedgeland (brackish or saline conditions) *6A(ii) Schoenoplectus littoralis - Juncus kraussii - Fimbristylis ferruginea " Phragmites australis closed-sedgeland, sedgeland (brackish or saline conditions) *6B(i) Baumea articulata - Lepironia articulata - Phragmites australis closed- sedgeland (freshwater conditions) *6B(ii) Bolboschoenus caldwellii - Eleocharis dulcis " Phragmites australis - Typha domingensis closed-sedgeland (freshwater conditions) 6C(i) Sedgeland and myrtaceous species

7. Paperbark communities 7A(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia tall closed-forest, tall open-forest, tall woodland (>30m) 7A(ii)a Melaleuca quinquenervia closed-forest, open-forest (10-30m) 7A(ii)b Melaleuca quinquenervia woodland, open-woodland (10-30m) 7A(iii)aMelaleuca quinquenervia low closed-forest, low open-forest (5-10m) 7A(iii)b Melaleuca quinquenervia low woodland, low open-woodland (5-10m) 7B(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia - rainforest tall closed-forest, tall open-forest (>30m) 7C(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Corymbia intermedia - Glochidion sumatranum open-forest (10-30m) 7C(ii) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Eucalyptus robusta woodland (10-30m), low woodland (5-10m) 7C(iii) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Lophostemon suaveolens tall open-forest (>30m), closed-forest, open-forest (10-30m), low open-forest, low woodland (5-10m) 7C (iv) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Lophostemon suaveolens - Eucalyptus tereticornis -Corymbia intermedia open-forest, woodland (10-30m), low closed-forest, low open- forest, low woodland (5-10m) 7D(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Corymbia intermedia - Eucalyptus tereticornis - Acacia melanoxylon open-forest, woodland (10-30m), low open-forest, low woodland (5- 10m) *7D(ii) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Eucalyptus tereticornis - Eucalyptus crebra open- forest, woodland (10-30m) *7E(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Casuarina glauca open-forest (10-30m) *7F(i) Melaleuca quinquenervia - Banksia robur heathland, open-heathland

8. Heath communities

9. Other (other non-wetland vegetation communities, rural areas, urbanised, cleared, plantation etc)

10. Water *10A(i)a Free standing water - fresh *10A(i)b Free standing water- saline/brackish *10B(i) Free standing fresh water with emergent species *10B(ii) Free standing fresh water with floating species

g:\environ\projects\9727\stage3\finalias\aug2000\appb2.doc 2 APPENDIX B2: VEGETATION TYPES

11. Bribie Island non-wetland communities *11A Corymbia intermedia - Lophostemon confertus - Callitris columellaris - Banksia spp open-forest *11B Eucalyptus robusta "Melaleuca quinquenervia - Lophostemon suaveolens open- forest, woodland, open-woodland *11C Banksia aemula, low woodland " Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus robusta and Melaleuca quinquenervia emergents *11D. Acacia spp - Allocasuarina littoralis open-scrub *11E. Corymbia intermedia - Lophostemon confertus - Banksia spp low open-forest *11F. Melaleuca quinquenervia - Lophostemon suaveolens - Corymbia intermedia woodland

BROAD VEGETATION TYPES:

The two main vegetation mapping and assessment studies done in the area (Turnbull & Olsen 1992, Olsen & Drane 1993) identified the vegetation types present in the Maroochy and Caloundra areas, respectively. For the purposes of the CAMCOS study, the vegetation types they identified were grouped into broad vegetation types which could be applied over the entire CAMCOS area.

The broad vegetation types identified were: • Rainforest; • Ecotonal Forest; • Eucalypt Open Forest; • Melaleuca Forest and Woodland; • Heathland; • Littoral Communities; • Dunal/Headland Communities; • Remnant Riverine communities; • Pine Plantations; and • Cleared areas. The groupings of original vegetation types into these broad types are outlined below.

Vegetation Type City/Shire Rainforest Riparian Rainforest on alluvium Caloundra Rainforest on coastal sand plains Caloundra Gully rainforest on predominantly metamorphic substrates Caloundra Rainforest on scree slopes Caloundra Rainforest on the basalts of the Blackall and Conondale Ranges Caloundra Complex Notophyll Vine Forest/Notophyll Vine Forest Maroochy Araucarian Notophyll Vine Forest - Microphyll Vine Thicket Maroochy

Ecotonal Forest Eucalyptus grandis associations Caloundra Lophostemon confertus and Eucalyptus pilularis associations Caloundra Eucalyptus grandis ecotonal community Maroochy Eucalypt Open Forest and Woodland Eucalyptus racemosa1 forests and woodlands Caloundra

1 (previously known as Eucalyptus signata) 2 (previously known as Eucalyptus intermedia)

g:\environ\projects\9727\stage3\finalias\aug2000\appb2.doc 3 APPENDIX B2: VEGETATION TYPES

Vegetation Type City/Shire Casuarina cunninghamiana communities Caloundra Mixed Eucalypt forests and woodlands Caloundra Eucalyptus pilularis forests Caloundra Eucalyptus pilularis - C. intermedia - E. microcorys Open Forest Maroochy C. intermedia - E. acmenoides and/or E. microcorys - Lophostemon Maroochy confertus Open Forest E. racemosa - Corybmia intermedia2 open forest and woodland Maroochy Eucalytpus acmenoides - E. propinqua - E. siderophloia3 Maroochy

Melaleuca Forest and Woodland Melaleuca forests and woodlands with wetland understorey Caloundra Melaleuca forest with open forest and/or heathland understorey Caloundra Melaleuca quinquenervia open forest and woodland Maroochy

Heathland Banksia aemula and E. bancroftii communities on coastal sand plains Caloundra Heathland communities of the coastal plain Caloundra Sedgelands Caloundra Rocky Heathland communities Caloundra Coastal Heathland Maroochy Wet Heathland/Sedgeland Maroochy Mountain Heathland Maroochy

Littoral communities Mangrove communities Caloundra Saltmarsh and herbfield Caloundra Casuarina glauca communities Caloundra Mangroves - Littoral Marsh/Saline Herbfield Maroochy

Dunal/Headland communities Caloundra Complex of Dunal Communities Maroochy

Remnant Riverine Communities Riverine Communities Caloundra Remnant Rainforest Elements Maroochy Remnant Eucalyptus Open Forest elements Maroochy Remnants dominated by exotic species e.g. Cinnamomum camphora Maroochy

Pine plantations Caloundra

Cleared areas Rural Clearings Caloundra Urban Clearings Caloundra Disturbed Areas Maroochy

3 (previously known as Eucalyptus drepanophylla)

g:\environ\projects\9727\stage3\finalias\aug2000\appb2.doc 4 APPENDIX B3: Schedule of Significant Terrestrial Fauna Species

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP2.DOC APPENDIX B3: SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES

False Water- rat (Xeromys myoides)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Distribution, as currently known, is very patchy, with no populations known to occur in north Queensland (north of Mackay). Known from coastal north-eastern , from the Northern Territory-Western Australian border to far northern New South Wales. Mangrove wetlands, and associated saltmarsh and sedgeland are its only habitat. Until recent years, very little was known about the False Water-rat, the only Australian mammal confined largely to mangroves. Van Dyck (1995) noted: “Few living rodents are as poorly known as this species. For over a hundred years since its description in 1889, it managed to elude collectors and there are no more than 14 specimens in museums around the world.”

This rodent has very specialised needs. It feeds within mangrove wetlands, following the receding tide, and nests within adjoining reedbeds and saltmarshes, using hollow stumps, elevated banks or creating mounds of earth (Van Dyck 1995). Recent surveys have shown the False Water-rat to be widespread, though still rare, in southern Queensland. Dr Ian Gynther of the Queensland Environment Protection Agency recently recorded a specimen from the north bank of the Maroochy River east of the Sunshine Motorway in Mudjimba, not far east of the proposed railway (Low 1997). A False Water-rat nest has also been recorded in this area by Steve Van Dyck (pers. comm.) of the Queensland Museum.

Cotton Pymy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. This species is known from large deep wetlands (including dams) with abundant aquatic vegetation throughout eastern Queensland and far northern New South Wales. No Cotton Pygmy-goose are known to occur along the railway corridor route, though they are likely to visit the large dams close to the route near Birtinya. There is also a NatureSearch record of this species from near Landsborough, not far north of the Beerwah section of the railway corridor.

Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. This species is known to occur throughout northern and eastern Australia, extending well inland and associated with large shallow wetlands, including swamps, mangroves, mudflats, floodplains and wet paddocks. The black-necked stork is a very large bird that probably requires a large home range. It has declined from loss of habitat and though regularly sighted in Southeast Queensland the total population is probably very small. During the survey one adult and juvenile were sighted at a dam north of Currimundi Creek. There is also a NatureSearch record from the railway corridor area at Golden Beach. The dam will not be affected by rail construction though the noise of construction would discourage storks from using it during that time.

Square-tailed Kite (Lophoictinia isura)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. It is known from woodlands and grassland habitat over much of Australia except for Tasmania, South Australia and the deserts in the west. This kite does not appear to have been recorded from the immediate vicinity of the railway corridor, although wandering individuals probably visit the area from further west. It is sparsely distributed within Southeast Queensland but known from the western areas of Maroochy shire. There is little suitable habitat for this species along the route, for it is not known to use pine forests, swamplands, paperbarks, mangroves or suburban areas, and it seldom uses small forest fragments. Construction of the rail line is very unlikely to affect this species in any significant way.

Grey Goshawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. This is a species primarily of rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest and thickly vegetated gullies (occasionally urban areas) throughout northern and eastern Australia, from Tasmania to the Kimberley region. This uncommon bird of prey is known to live in the forests in the vicinity of the northern part of the proposed railway corridor, in , Maroochydore and Marcoola. During fieldwork one bird was seen entering forest on the Wise’s land at Maroochydore, and another on the edge of Lot 878 at Marcoola. Low (1997) recorded a breeding pair at a nest with a chick at the Buderim landfill site, just west of the proposed railway corridor, though this nest could not be located during current fieldwork. Grey Goshawks

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP2.DOC Page 1 APPENDIX B3: SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES are also known from NatureSearch records from Alex Forest (north-east of the Camcoss route), from Warana (cell 2636), and from Maroochydore west of the Sunshine Motorway (cell 647). Development of the railway may well impact upon the grey goshawk using the Wise’s land (unless it was only a seasonal visitor there) but is less likely to impact upon Grey Goshawks elsewhere.

Lewin’s Rail (Rallus pectoralis)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994 and distributed throughout eastern and south-eastern Australia, from about Townsville to the Eyre Peninsula, Tasmania. It frequents thick groundcover close to water, mainly in swamps fringed by reeds and other known to this rare bird is seldom encountered in Southeast Queensland. During the present survey, at least three birds were recorded from within and adjacent to the proposed railway corridor route, one (possibly three) from the Paper-barked Tea swamp west of Golden Beach and in wetland east and adjacent to the Mooloolah River National Park.

Glossy Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known from coastal and inland districts of eastern Australia, from the Mackay region to Gippsland Lakes, with an outlying population on Kangaroo Island (South Australia). This species inhabits open forests and woodlands supporting she-oaks (Allocasuarina and some Casuarina species), the seeds of which provide the staple food.

This cockatoo is declining from loss of nesting hollows in which to breed and she-oak stands which provide food. Within Southeast Queensland, the Cooloola area, just north of the proposed railway corridor, is a stronghold for this species. This species is often sighted within the Maroochy and Caloundra areas, though mainly to the north and west of the proposed railway corridor. There is one NatureSearch record of Glossy Black Cockatoos from along the railway corridor at Aroona (cell 2726-S). None were sighted during fieldwork (although this species is easily overlooked during brief surveys) and no feeding remains could be detected despite extensive ground searches. (The presence of this bird can be detected by chewed cones of she-oaks, but no chewed cones could be detected beneath the large stands of Black she-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) situated to the north and south of Sugarbag Road). Caloundra City Council Environment Officer, John Birbeck, is unaware of any sightings from the vicinity of the railway corridor. This bird appears to be an uncommon visitor to the woodlands bisected by the proposed railway.

Ground Parrot (Pezoporus wallicus)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. It occurs in south-eastern Australia, from Fraser Island to Western Victoria, and including Tasmania. There is also a small outlying population on the south coast of Western Australia. Coastal heathlands, including wallum heathlands, and (in Tasmania only) button-grass moorlands are known habitats.

The Ground Parrot is a rare ground-dwelling bird. Within Queensland it is restricted to wallum heathlands between Marcoola and Fraser Island. Early this century it was more widespread, occurring as far south as the northern suburbs of (McFarland 1991). Its range has contracted steadily northwards with the development of the wallum heathlands. By 1979 it was still found at Beerwah and Caloundra (Roberts 1979) but these populations have since disappeared, along with the colony in Mooloolah River National Park, which had disappeared by the early 1980s (McFarland 1991).

The southernmost habitat for this species is now the heathland just west of the Sunshine Coast Airport, the site originally proposed for the train terminus at Lot 878. Ground parrots are shy and difficult to locate, but a ground parrot was seen here in October or November 1998 by Wendy Drake of the Queensland National Parks Service, and their presence was previously reported by Gynther (1995).

Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. This species is distributed throughout open forests of south-eastern Australia, from the Mackay region to western Victoria.

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP2.DOC Page 2 APPENDIX B3: SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES

Powerful Owls are known from the vicinity of the railway corridor at Alex Forest, Maroochydore, approximately 0.6 kilometres north east of the proposed railway corridor and from forests at Beerwah. They appear to be absent from the coastal habitats further south (pers. comm. J.Birbeck). They are unlikely to be affected by construction of the railway as the proposed route in the Maroochydore area runs alongside the existing motorway.

Death Adder (Acanthophis antarcticus)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Previously widespread throughout southern, eastern and parts of northern Australia, now very patchily distributed in Southeast Queensland. Known from rainforests, open forests, shrublands and heathlands, where litter is abundant and where fires are not frequent.

Death Adders have declined dramatically in Southeast Queensland and this is thought to be linked to predation on the poisonous Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) and altered fire regimes. The Queensland Museum has old specimens collected at Maroochydore and Buderim Mountain, but there appear to be no recent records of adders from the lowlands on the Sunshine Coast. This conclusion is based on interviews with the following local wildlife experts: Wes Mannion (Australian Zoo), Greg Czechura (Queensland Museum) and John Birbeck (Caloundra City Council). Wes Mannion reported one recent sighting from the and this appears to be the only recent confirmed record from the region. There is no reason to believe the species occurs anywhere along the railway corridor route.

Burrowing (Ophioscincus truncatus)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known form rainforest, wet sclerophyll forests, wallum heathlands and woodlands on sand within Southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales, from about Cooloola to Nambucca Heads.

This small burrowing skink occurs in two separate populations, one in rainforests and adjoining wet sclerophyll forests in elevated areas, the other in heathlands and woodlands on old coastal dunal systems. The species has been recorded twice from the study area, once from Coolum (dune population) and once from Buderim Mountain (presumably an upland population). The species is easy to overlook in the field and it was not recorded during fieldwork, but may well occur in Lot 878 which has suitable wallum habitat. It is unlikely to occur anywhere else along the railway corridor. It is not known to use lowland rainforest, and very unlikely to occur in areas prone to seasonal flooding and saturation (burrowing avoid floodprone sites).

Elf Skink (Eroticoscincus graciloides)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Entirely confined to Southeast Queensland between Ipswich and Fraser Island. Within the Sunshine Coast region it has been recorded from the Conondale Range, Yandina, (Petrie Park), Flaxton, Maleny (all Queensland Museum specimens), Beerwah, and recently near Lake Weyba (pers. comm. J. Aridis). Known to inhabit rainforest and wet gullies.

This tiny skink has one of the smallest distributions of any in Southeast Queensland. Within its range it is very patchily distributed and absent from some areas of apparently suitable habitat, for example Mt Glorious. As Covacevich and McDonald (1993) note in a status survey of rainforest , it is poorly conserved in National Parks. A specimen of this species was recorded during the survey in rainforest just north of Maree Street, Aroona. There is also a NatureSearch record from cell 2726-S, which covers this area and the species is known to occur at Beerwah, adjacent to the transport corridor (Australian Zoo, 1999). This tiny is difficult to find and it may occur more widely in rainforests within the study area. It is likely to occur, for example, in the rainforest at the Buderim landfill site. However, it is not considered likely to occur in riparian Cabbage Palm forest in low lying areas around Caloundra or Maroochydore as these are very prone to flooding, and litter-dwelling skinks are seldom found in flood-prone areas.

Wallum Froglet (Crinia tinnula)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known form coastal heathlands (wallum) and paperbark woodlands, occasionally extending along

G:\ENVIRON\PROJECTS\9727\STAGE3\FINALIAS\AUG2000\WBM_APP2.DOC Page 3 APPENDIX B3: SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES streams into eucalypt woodlands near the coast of Southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales, from Cooloola south to about Taree.

This frog is listed as vulnerable because large areas of its wallum heathland and paperbark habitat have been cleared for housing and farming. The Caloundra and Maroochy regions are ideal habitat for this frog and it was found to be relatively common and widespread during fieldwork. Frogs were heard calling by day and night in many sites visited, invariably sites with shallow water (including temporary pools) fringed by grasses or sedges.

Wallum Rocketfrog (Litoria freycinetii)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known from low lying wetlands and forests of eastern Australia, between Fraser Island and southern New South Wales. In Queensland confined to wallum heathlands and associated Paper-barked Tea Tree woodlands. Like the Wallum Froglet and Wallum Sedgefrog, this is one of the so-called “acid frogs” which breed in the slightly acidic waters of coastal heathland habitats.

This frog is known from the railway corridor route at Lot 878 (Gynther 1995). It is likely to occur also around the old Caloundra tip site (in adjacent wallum heathland), and in the swamps west of Golden Beach. Both sites provide apparently suitable habitat. This frog is only active during the summer months and it was not possible to search for it properly during the survey, although it is likely to be present in any intact heathland or swampland that supports the Wallum Froglet, a species with similar habitat requirements.

Wallum Sedgefrog (Litoria olongburensis)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known form sedgelands fringing streams and lagoons in coastal lowlands dominated by wallum heathland and paperbark woodlands within Southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales, from Fraser Island south to about Coffs Harbour.

This frog, which is very restricted in habitat requirements and distribution, is known to occur in Lot 878 (Gynther 1995). It is also considered extremely likely to occur in swamps west of Golden Beach where suitable sedgebeds are present, and probably also in the wetlands around the old Caloundra tip. Unfortunately, this frog is only active in the summer months, and not during late May and June when the survey was conducted.

Green-thighed Frog (Litoria brevipalmata)

This species is listed as rare under Schedule 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Very patchily distributed in Southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales, from about Jimna to . Known from wetlands in wet and dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest. This frog appears to be absent from most suitable habitat for reasons that remain unknown.

Very little is known about the ecology of this frog which is seldom seen, and usually only after exceptionally heavy summer rains. It was recorded from the wet forest at the Buderim Hospital, just west of the railway corridor (Woodward Clyde 1997), and from the same site by local naturalist A. Walker (Maher 1998), who also recorded a specimen further west in Vista Park Drive, Buderim. The railway corridor will run through Buderim alongside the existing motorway, through vegetation that is very disturbed. The frog is very unlikely to occur in this vegetation and thus will not be affected by the railway corridor.

Richmond ( richmondia)

This species is listed as vulnerable under Schedule 3 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known form Southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales, from Kin Kin to Grafton. Breeds in rainforest, with adults feeding in rainforest and nearby open forest. This spectacular is the largest found in Southeast Queensland and one of the rarest. It has suffered from clearing of rainforest and consequent destruction of its food plant, the uncommon vine Pararistolochia praevenosa. In the nineteenth century, this species apparently had a continuous distribution along the coast from about Maryborough to Grafton, but it has now disappeared over two thirds of this range. Caloundra City and

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Maroochy shire are now key areas for its survival for the vine still occurs in small pockets of coastal rainforest (Low 1997). One of the sites where the vine occurs is a patch of rainforest very close to the proposed railway corridor, on land partly owned by Maroochy Shire Council and partly owned by Buderim Hospital (Low 1997). However, fieldwork has determined that no vines occur on the land proposed for rail development, and the railway proposes no threat to this species.

None of the following species are listed as rare or threatened under the Nature Conservation Act, but they are all considered here to have conservation significance, for reasons explained below.

Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known from open forest, woodland, heathland habitats throughout eastern Australia, from around Townsville to central New South Wales.

This rodent is seldom recorded in the field in Southeast Queensland. In November 1995, Dr Ian Gynther of the Queensland Department of Environment & Heritage conducted a fauna survey on lot 878 at Marcoola, in the immediate vicinity of the proposed railway corridor (Gynrther 1995) and drew attention to this unusual find in his report, noting “This species is uncommon and not usually encountered in coastal heath in Southeast Queensland. Other records of this native rodent are from grassy eucalypt open forest and woodland in highland areas.” The rodent would be affected if a train station was built in Lot 878.

Eastern Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known form swamp, streambank and rainforest habitats within south-western and south-eastern Australia, as far north as the Carnarvon Ranges west of Bundaberg. In Queensland, this snake is largely confined to rainforests at high altitudes. However a small number of populations are known from the coastal lowlands around Beerwah and Coloolah, where it is uncommon and very patchily distributed. One of these unusual lowland populations is found along the railway corridor route near Beerwah (pers. comm. W. Mannion).

Tree Skink (Egernia striolata)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. The species is reasonably common west of the Great Dividing Range from north Queensland to inland South Australia, but Queensland Museum records (Ingram & Raven 1991) show it to be almost entirely absent from coastal regions. A small population is known from Boondall in Brisbane and this is considered by the Brisbane City Council to have high conservation significance (BCC 1999). The population recorded from Beerwah, from the vicinity of the Australia Zoo (Australia Zoo 1999), which lies beside the corridor, should also be afforded conservation significance. It is found in she-oak in woodland. The coastal populations probably indicate migrations into coastal areas during Pleistocene droughts of what is essentially an arid-zone repitle.

Garden Skink ( guichenoti)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known from open forests and woodlands, heathlands of south eastern Australia, from Kangaroo Island to Cooloola.

This skink is rarely collected in Queensland and the state population may in fact represent a separate undescribed species. In November 1995, Dr Ian Gynther of the Queensland Department of Environment & Heritage conducted a fauna survey on lot 878 at Marcoola, in the immediate vicinity of the CAMCOS corridor and caught two of these skinks. Gynther (1995) noted “This species is extremely uncommon in Southeast Queensland, being known from only a handful of heathland sites in the region. Marcoola is near the northern limit of the species’ range in eastern Australia. Furthermore, a distinct gap occurs in the Grass Skink’s distribution between Queensland and northern New South Wales, and populations to the south do not demonstrate the same preference for coastal heathland . . . Given the degree of geographic isolation and unusual habitat dependence of the Queensland population of L.guichenoti, the taxonomic status of the skink in this State is of considerable interest.”

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Painted Skipper (Hesperilla picta)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. Known from coastal swamplands supporting their larval food plant, the sawsedge Gahnia clarkei in south-eastern Australia, from Cooroy to central Victoria. According to Common and Waterhouse (1981) this species is “common but local in coastal New South Wales, usually rare in southern Queensland but fairly common near Caloundra”.

Although common in parts of New South Wales, this butterfly has declined greatly in numbers in southern Queensland due to development, for housing or farming, of the swamplands where its food plant grows (pers. comm. D. Sands). It may well be worthy of inclusion as a vulnerable species under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act. According to butterfly expert Dr Don Sands, formerly of the CSIRO, this butterfly is likely to be found breeding wherever its food plant occurs in colonies of more than 20 square metres continuous cover. Within the CAMCOS corridor Gahnia clarkei is a common plant, often found on swampy ground or around rainforest fringes. But only at one site was a colony exceeding 20m2 square metres found. This was located at Beerwah and in the eucalypt remnant south of Sugarbag Road. Both sites are located within the railway corridor. At the former site, ground searches were undertaken and a skipper caterpillar was found. However, the larvae of the Painted Skipper is indistinguishable from that of another skipper, and although the latter species is less likely to occur in this habitat, the identity of the caterpillar as H. picta could not be confirmed.

Sword-grass Brown (Tisiphone abeona rawnsleyi)

This species is listed as common under Schedule 5 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994. The distribution of the sword-grass Brown (T. abeona) extends from Gympie to the south east corner of South Australia. However the subspecies rawnsleyi, distinguished by its small size and distinctive pattern, is confined to a small area of coastal Southeast Queensland between Gympie, Caloundra and Beerwah. A related subspecies. T. a. morrisi, once occurred in southern Queensland between Southport and Tweed Heads, but is now extinct in Queensland as a result of habitat loss, while remaining reasonably common south of Tweed Heads (Common & Waterhouse 1981). Known habitats include woodlands and swamps with an understorey of grasses or sedges.

Although other subspecies of this butterfly are common in southern Australia, the Queensland subspecies is rare and declining (pers. comm. D. Sands), and may well warrant a listing as vulnerable under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act. It is suffering from housing and agricultural developments that destroy its food plant. According to butterfly expert Dr Don Sands, formerly of the CSIRO, this butterfly is likely to be found breeding wherever its food plant occurs in colonies of more than 400m2. One such colony was found near Beerwah and a caterpillar identifiable as T. abeona was found nestled within Gahnia clarkei .

Swamp Crayfish (Tenuibranchiurus glypticus)

Distributed within coastal Southeast Queensland and possibly northern New South Wales. Further research needs to be undertaken to determine whether specimens collected as far north as Bundaberg and in northern New South Wales represent this species or similar undescribed species (pers. comm. Peter Davie). Known from low-lying coastal wetlands, especially those dominated by Paper-barked Tea Tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia).

The Swamp Crayfish is reputedly the smallest crayfish in the world, growing only to 2.5 cm. The Nature Conservation Act does not address the issue of rare or threatened crustacea. This species probably warrants a listing as rare or vulnerable. It has only been recorded from a scatter of localities, and some sites from which it has been collected in the past have since been developed. Horwitz (1990), in a review of Australian crayfish, notes: “[Tenuibranchiurus] may be threatened by the habitat alteration resulting from drainage activity and urbanisation. For example, the swamps immediately behind Surfers Paradise/Coolangatta in southern Queensland have been altered beyond recognition and no specimens of Tenuibranchiurus have been collected here, despite the fact that suitable habitat existed and the area was well within the range of the genus.” According to the curator if crustacea at the Queensland

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Museum, Dr Peter Davie (pers. comm.) this species is “potentially threatened by habitat loss” and should be conserved where found.

A specimen was collected during the fauna survey at Lot 878, Marcoola. The Queensland Museum also has a record from Caloundra, and from ‘Mudjimba, property at the corner of David Low Way & Mudjimba Beach Esplanade’, which lies just to the east of the route. With the development of most wetlands around Brisbane and the Gold Coast, Caloundra and Maroochy may well be strongholds for this species.

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Appendix Key: # = introduced species (V) = listed as Vulnerable in Qld.

Data Source: Beerwah - Caloundra Road 1 = Observed during field investigations 2 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Caloundra Road - Mooloolah River 3 = Observed during field investigations 4 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Mooloolah River - Maroochydore Centre 5 = Observed during field investigations 6 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Maroochydore Centre - Maroochy Airport 7 = Observed during field investigations 8 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). 9 = Records of the Queensland Museum for the area 152° 55’E to 153° 09’E and 26° 35’S to 26° 54’S

Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sub-Class PROTHERIA: Monotremes

Family TACHYGLOSSIDAE: Echidnas Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus á á Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked Echidna á á á

Sub-Class MARSUPIALIA: Marsupials

Family DASYURIDAE: Dasyurids Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll á Antechinus flavipes Yellow-footed Antechinus á á á á á Antechinus stuartii Brown Antechinus á Phascogale tapoatafa Brush-tailed Phascogale á á Planigale maculata Common Planigale á á Sminthopsis murina Common Dunnart á á

Family PERAMELIDAE: Bandicoots and Bilbies Isoodon macrourus Northern Brown Bandicoot á á á á Peremeles nasuta Long-nosed Bandicoot á á á á

Family PHASCOLARCTIDAE: Koala Phascolarctos cinereus Koala á á á á

Family PETAURIDAE: Striped Possum and Wrist- winged Gliders Petaurus breviceps á á á á Petaurus norfolcensis á á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Family PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE: Ringtail Possums and Greater Glider Petaurus australis reginae Yellow-bellied Glider á á Petauroides volans Greater Glider á Pseudocheirus peregrinus Common Ringtail Possum á á á á á á

Family ACROBATIDAE: Feathertail Glider Acrobates pygmaeus Feathertail Glider á á á

Family PHALANGERIDAE: Brushtail Possums and Cuscuses Trichosurus caninus Mountain Brushtail Possum á á Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum á á á á á

Family POTOROIDAE: Potoroos, Bettongs and Musky Rat-kangaroos Aepypryymnus rufescens Rufous Bettong á Potorous tidactylus Long-nosed Potoroo á

Family MACROPODIDAE: Wallabies, Kangaroos and Tree-kangaroos Macropu dorsalis Black Striped Wallaby á Macropus giganteus Eastern Grey Kangaroo á á á á á á á á á Macropus parryi Whiptail Wallaby á á Macropus rufogriseus Red-necked Wallaby á á á á Wallabia bicolor Swamp Wallaby á á á á á á á

Sub-class EUTHERIA: Flying Placental Mammals (Bats)

Family PTEROPODIDAE: Flying-foxes, Fruit-bats and Blossom-bats Syconycteris australis Common Blossom-bat á Nyctimene robinsoni Eastern Tube-nosed bat á Pteropus alecto Black Flying-fox á á á Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox á á á á Pteropus scapulatus Little Red Flying-fox á á á

Family RHINOLOPHIDAE: Horseshoe-bats Rhinolophus megaphyllus Eastern Horseshoe-bat á

Family EMBALLONURIDAE: Sheathtail-bats Saccolaimus flaviventris Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat á

Family MOLOSSIDAE: Freetail-bats Mormopterus norfolkensis Eastern Freetail-bat á Nyctinomus australis White-striped Freetail-bat á á á á

Family VESPERTILIONIDAE: Vespertilionid Bats Miniopterus australis Little Bentwing-bat á á Miniopterus schreibersii Common Bentwing-bat á Nyctophilus bifax Eastern Long-eared Bat á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat á Nyctophilus gouldi Gould’s Long-eared Bat á Chalinolobus gouldii Gould’s Wattled Bat á Chalinolobus morio Chocolate Wattled Bat á á Myotis adversus Large-footed Myotis á Scotorepens greyii Little Broad-nosed Bat á á

Sub-class EUTHERIA: Non-Flying Placental Mammals

Family MURIDAE: Murids Pseudomys gracilicaudatus Eastern Chestnut Mouse á Pseudomys oralis V Hastings River Mouse á Hydromys chrysogaster Water-rat á á á Xeromys myoides V False Water-rat á á Melomys burtoni Grassland Melomys á á á á Melomys cervinipes Fawn-footed Melomys á Mus musculus # House Mouse á á á á á á Rattus fuscipes Bush Rat á á á Rattus lutreolus Swamp Rat á á á Rattus norvegicus # Brown Rat á Rattus rattus # Black Rat á á Rattus tunneyi Pale Field-rat á á á

Family CANIDAE: Dingo and Fox Canis lupus dingo Dingo á á Vulpes vulpes # Fox á á á á á

Family FELIDAE: Cat Felis catus # Feral Cat á á á á

Family LEPORIDAE: Rabbit and Hare Oryctolagus cuniculus # Rabbit á Lepus capensis # Brown Hare á á á

Family EQUIDAE: Horse and Donkey Equus caballus # Brumby á á

Family SUIDAE: Pig Sus scrofa # Pig á á

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Appendix Key: # = introduced species (R) = listed as Rare in Qld.

Data Source: Beerwah - Caloundra Road 1 = Observed during field investigations 2 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Caloundra Road - Mooloolah River 3 = Observed during field investigations 4 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Mooloolah River - Maroochydore Centre 5 = Observed during field investigations 6 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Maroochydore Centre - Maroochy Airport 7 = Observed during field investigations 8 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). 9 = Records of the Queensland Museum for the area 152° 55’E to 153° 09’E and 26° 35’S to 26° 54’S

Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Order TESTUDINES: Turtles, Tortoises and Terrapins

Family CHELIDAE: Chelid Turtles Chelodina longicollis Eastern Long-necked Tortoise á á Order ; Sub-Order SAURIA:

Family GEKKONIDAE: Geckos Gehyra catenata á Oedura robusta Robust Velvet Gecko á á á

Family PYGOPODIDAE: Legless Lizards Lialis burtonis Burton’s Snake-lizard á á á á Pygopus lepidopodus Common Scaly-foot á á Pygopus nigriceps Hooded Scaly-foot á

Family AGAMIDAE: Dragons Amphibolurus nobbi Nobbi á á Chlamydosaurus kingii Frill-neck Lizard á á á Physignathus lesueurii Eastern Water Dragon á á á á Pogona barbata Bearded Dragon á á á á á á á

Family VARANIDAE: Goannas Varanus gouldii Gould’s Goanna á á Varanus varius Lace Monitor á á á á á á

Family SCINCIDAE: Skinks Anomalopus verreauxi á á á Calyptotis scutirostrum á Carlia vivax á Coeranoscincus reticulatus R á Cryptoblepharus virgatus á á á á á á á á arcanus á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ctenotus ariadnae R á Ctenotus robustus á á á á á Ctenotus taeniolatus Copper-tailed Skink á á Egernia striolata Tree Skink á Eroticoscincus graciloides R á á á Eulamprus quoyii Eastern Water Skink á á á á á Eulamprus tenuis á á á Hemisphaeriodon gerrardii Pink-tongued Skink á á á á Lampropholis amicula á Lampropholis coggeri á Lampropholis delicata á á á á á á Lampropholis guichenoti á á Lygisaurus foliorum á Tiliqua scincoides Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard á á á

Order SQUAMATA; Snakes Sub-Order SERPENTES:

Family TYPHLOPIDAE: Blind Snakes Ramphotyphlops nigrescens á Ramphotyphlops proximus á Ramphotyphlops silvia R á

Family BOIDAE: Pythons Lialis maculosus Spotted Python á Morelia spilota Carpet Python á á á á

Family COLUMBRIDAE: Colubrid Snakes Boiga irregularis Brown Tree Snake á á á Dendrelaphis punctulata Common Tree Snake á á á á Tropidonophis mairii Keelback á á á á

Family ELAPIDAE: Elapid Snakes Acanthophis antarcticus R Common Death Adder á á Cacophis harriettae White Crowned Snake á á á Cacophis krefftii Dwarf Crowned Snake á á á Cacophis squamulosus Golden Crowned Snake á á Demansia psammophis Yellow-faced Whip Snake á á á á á á Demansia vestigiata Black Whip Snake á Hemiaspis signata Black-bellied Swamp Snake á á Notechis scutatus Eastern Tiger Snake á á Pseudechis porphyriacus Red-bellied Black Snake á á á Pseudonaja textilis Eastern Brown Snake á á á Rhinoplocephalus incredibilis R pink snake á Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens Eastern Small-eyed Snake á á á á á Tropidechis carinatus Rough-scaled Snake á á á Vermicella annulata Bandy-bandy á á á

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Appendix Key: # = introduced species (V) = listed as Vulnerable in Qld. (R) = listed as Rare in Qld.

Data Source: Beerwah - Caloundra Road 1 = Observed during field investigations 2 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Caloundra Road - Mooloolah River 3 = Observed during field investigations 4 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Mooloolah River - Maroochydore Centre 5 = Observed during field investigations 6 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Maroochydore Centre - Maroochy Airport 7 = Observed during field investigations 8 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). 9 = Records of the Queensland Museum for the area 152° 55’E to 153° 09’E and 26° 35’S to 26° 54’S

Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 123456789

Family HYLIDAE: Tree Frogs Litoria brevipalmata R Green-thighed Frog á Litoria caerulea Green Treefrog á á á á Litoria dentata Bleating Treefrog á á á á Litoria fallax Eastern Sedgefrog á á á á á á á á Litoria freycineti V Wallum Rocketfrog á á á Litoria gracilenta Graceful Treefrog á á á á Litoria latopalmata Broad-palmed Rocketfrog á Litoria nasuta Striped Rocketfrog á á á á á á Litoria olongburensis V Wallum Sedgefrog á á á Litoria peronii Emerald-Spotted Treefrog á á Litoria revelata R Whirring Treefrog á Litoria rubella Naked Treefrog á á á á á á Litoria tyleri Laughing Treefrog á á Litoria verreauxii Whistling Treefrog á

Family MYOBATRACHIDAE: Southern Frogs Adelotus brevis Tusked Frog á á á Crinia parasignifera Beeping Froglet á Crinia signifera Clicking Froglet á á á á á á á Crinia tinnula V Wallum Froglet á á á á á á á á Limnodynastes ornatus Ornate Burrowing-Frog á á Limnodynastes peronii Striped Marshfrog á á á á á á á Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted Marsh Frog á á Limnodynastes terraereginae Scarlet-sided Pobblebonk á á á á Mixophyes fasciolatus Great Barred-Frog á á Pseudophryne coriacea Red-backed Broodfrog á Pseudophryne raveni Copper-backed Broodfrog á á á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 123456789 Pseudophryne major Great Brown Broodfrog á á á Uperoleia fusca Sandy Gungan á Family BUFONIDAE: True Toads Bufo marinus Cane Toad # á á á á á á

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Appendix Key: # = introduced species E = listed as Endangered in Qld. C = listed as CAMBA species V = listed as Vulnerable in Qld. J = listed as JAMBA species R =listed as Rare in Qld.

Data Source: Beerwah - Caloundra Road 1 = Observed during field investigations 2 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Caloundra Road - Mooloolah River 3 = Observed during field investigations 4 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Mooloolah River - Maroochydore Centre 5 = Observed during field investigations 6 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). Maroochydore Centre - Maroochy Airport 7 = Observed during field investigations 8 = Records of NatureSearch (QEPA), Queensland Museum and other information sources (see Section ??). 9 = Records of the Queensland Museum and Birds Australia for the area 152° SS’E to 153° 09’E and 26° 35’S to 26° 54’S

Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Family DROMAIIDAE: Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu á

Family MEGAPODIIDAE: Megapodes Alectura lathami Australian Brush-turkey á á á á á

Family PHASIANIDAE: Pheasants and allies Coturnix pectoralis Stubble Quail á Coturnix ypsilophora Brown Quail á á á á á á á Coturnix chinensis King Quail á

Family ANERANATIDAE: Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata Magpie Goose á á

Family ANATIDAE: Swans, Geese and Ducks Dendrocygna eytoni Plumed Whistling-Duck á á á Dendrocygna arcuata Wandering Whistling-Duck á á Cygnus atratus Black Swan á á á Chenonetta jubata Australian Duck á á á á á á á Nettapus coromandelianus R Cotton Pygmy Goose á Anas platyrhynchos Mallard á á Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck á á á á á á á á á Anas gracilis Grey Teal á á á Anas castanea Chestnut Teal á á á á Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck á Aytha australis Hardhead á á

Family PODICIPEDIDAE: Grebes

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe á á á á á Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe á Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe á

Family PROCELLARIIDAE Petrels and Shearwaters Puffinus pacificus J Wedge-tailed Shearwater á Puffinus tenuirostris J Short-tailed Shearwater á

Family PHAETHONTIDAE: Tropicbirds Phaethon rubricauda V Red-tailed Tropicbird á Phaethon lepturus C, J White-tailed Tropicbird á

Family SULIDAE: Boobies and Gannets Morus serrator Australasian Gannet á Sula dactylatra J Masked Booby á Sula leucogaster C, J Brown Booby á

Family ANHINGIDAE: Darters Anhinga melanogaster Darter á á á á

Family PHALACROCORACIDAE: Cormorants Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant á á á á á á Phalacrocorax varius Pied Cormorant á á á Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant á á á á á Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant á á

Family PELECANIDE: Pelicans Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican á á á á

Family FREGATIDAE: Frigatebirds Fregata ariel C, J Lesser Frigatebird á

Family ARDEIDAE: Herons, Bitterns and Egrets Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron á á á á á á á á á Egretta garzetta Little Egret á á á Egretta sacra C Eastern Reef Egret á Ardea pacifica White-necked Heron á á á á á Ardea alba C, J Great Egret á á á á á Ardea intermedia Intermediate Egret á á á á Ardea ibis C, J Egret á á á á á Butorides striatus Striated Heron á á á Bycticorax caledonicus Nankeen Night Heron á á á Australasian Bittern á Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern á á

Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE: Ibises and Spoonbills Plegadis falcinellus C Glossy Ibis á á Threskiornis molucca Australian White Ibis á á á á á á Threskiornis spinicollis Straw-necked Ibis á á á á Platalea regia Royal Spoonbill á á á á Platalea flavipes Yellow-billed Spoonbill á á á

Family CICONIIDAE: Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus R Black-necked Stork á á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Family ACCIPITRIDAE: Osprey, Hawks and Eagles Pandion haliaetus Osprey á á á á á á Aviceda subcristata Pacific Baza á á á á á Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite á á á á á á á Lophoictinia isura R Square-tailed Kite á Milvus migrans Black Kite á Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite á Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite á á á á á á á á á Haliaeetus leucogaster C White-bellied Sea-Eagle á á á á á Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier á Circus approximans Swamp Harrier á á á á Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk á á á Accipiter novaehollandiae RGrey Goshawk áááááá Accipter cirrhocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk á á á á Erythrotriorchis radiatus E Red Goshawk á Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle á á á á Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle á á á

Family FALCONIDAE: Falcons Falco berigora Brown Falcon á á á á á Falco longipennis Australian Hobby á á á á Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon á á á á Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel á á á á á á

Family GRUIDAE: Cranes Grus rubicunda Brolga á á á á Family RALLIDAE: Rails, Gallinules and Coots Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail á á á Rallus pectoralis R Lewin’s Rail á á Amaurornis olivaceus Bush Hen á á Porzana pusilla Baillon’s Crake á á Porzana tabuensis Spotless Crake á Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen á á á á Gallinula tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen á á á á Gallinula ventralis Black-tailed Native-hen Fulica atra Eurasian Coot á á á

Family OTIDIDAE: Bustards Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard á

Family TURNICIDAE: Button-quails Turnix varia Painted Button-quail á á Turnix melanogaster V Black-breasted Button-quail á

Family SCOLOPACIDAE: Curlews, Godwits, Snipe, Sandpipers and allies Gallinago hardwickii C, J Latham’s Snipe á á á Limosa limosa C, J Black-tailed Godwit á Limosa lapponica C, J Bar-tailed Godwit á Numenius minutus C, J Little Curlew á Numenius phaeopus C, J Whimbrel á á Numenius madagascariensis R, C, J Eastern Curlew á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tringa stagnatilis C, J Marsh Sandpiper á Tringa nebularia C, J Common Greenshank á Tringa glareola C, J Wood Sandpiper á Xenus cinereus C, J Terek Sandpiper á Actitis hypoleucos C, J Common Sandpiper á Heteroscelus brevipes C, J Grey-tailed Tattler á Heteroscelus incanus J Wandering Tattler á Arenaria interpres C, J Ruddy Turnstone á Calidris tenuirostris C, J Great Knot á Calidris ruficollis C, J Red-necked Stint á Calidris acuminata C, J Sharp-tailed Sandpiper á Calidris ferruginea C, J Curlew Sandpiper á

Family JACANIDAE: Jacanas Irediparra gallinacea Comb-crested Jacana á á á á

Family BURHINIDAE: Stone-curlews Burhinus grallarius Bush Stone-curlew á á á Esacus neglectus V Beach Stone-curlew á

Family HAEMATOPODIDAE: Oystercatchers Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher á Haematopus fuliginosus R Sooty Oystercatcher á

Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE: Stilts and Avocets Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt á á á á Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet á

Family CHARADRIIDAE: Lapwings, Plovers and Dottrels Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover á Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover á Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover á Charadrius mongolus C, J Lesser Sand Plover á Charadrius leschenaultii C, J Greater Sand Plover á Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel á á á Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel á Vanellus tricolor Banded Lapwing á Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing á á á á á á á

Family LARIDAE: Skuas, Gulls, Terns and allies Larus novaehollandiae Silver Gull á Sterna nioltica Gull-billed Tern á Sterna caspia C, J Caspian Tern á Sterna bengalensis C Lesser Crested Tern á Sterna bergii Crested Tern á Sterna sumatrana C, J Black-naped Tern á Sterna hirundo C, J Common Tern á Sterna albifrons C, J Little Tern á Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern á Chlidonias leucopterus C, J White-winged Black Tern á Anous stolidus C, J Common Noddy á

Family COLUMBIDAE: Pigeons and Doves Columba livia Rock Dove # á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Columba leucomela White-headed Pigeon á á á Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove # á á á á Macropygia amboinensis Brown Cuckoo-Dove á á á á á á á Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove á á á Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing á á á Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon á á á á á á á Geopelia striata Peaceful Dove á á á á á á á Geopelia humeralis Bar-shouldered Dove á á á á á á á á Leucosarcia melanoleuca Wonga Pigeon á Ptilinopus magnificus Wompoo Fruit-Dove á á á Ptilinopus regina Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove á á á Lopholaimus antarcticus Topknot Pigeon á á

Family CACATUIDAE: Cockatoos Calyptorhynchus banskii Red-tailed Black Cockatoo á Calyptrohynchus lathami V Glossy Black Cockatoo á á á Calyptrohynchus funereus Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo á á á á á á Cacatua roseicapilla Galah á á á á Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella á Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo á á á á á Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel á

Family PSITTACIDAE: Parrots Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet á á á á á á á á á Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Scaly-breasted Lorikeet á á á á á á á á Glassopsitta pusilla Little Lorikeet á á á á Alisterus scapularis Australian King Parrot á á á á á Aprosmictus erythropterus Red-winged Parrot á á Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella á á Platycercus adscitus Pale-headed Rosella á á á á á á á á Pezoporus wallicus V Ground Parrot á

Family CUCULIDAE: Old World Cuckoos Cuculus saturatus C, J Oriental Cuckoo á Cuculus pallidus Pallid Cuckoo á á á á Cacomantis variolosus Brush Cuckoo á á á á á Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo á á á á á á á Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield’s Bronze-Cuckoo á á á á Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo á á á á á á Chrysococcyx minutillus Little Bronze-Cuckoo á á Chrysococcyx russatus Gould’s Bronze-Cuckoo á Eudynamys scolopacea Common Koel á á á á Scythrops novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo á á á

Family CENTROPODIDAE Centropus phasianinus Pheasant Coucal á á á á á á á á

Family STRIGIDAE: Hawk Owls Ninox strenua V Powerful Owl á Ninox connivens Barking Owl á Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook á á á á á

Family TYTONIDAE: Barn Owls Tyto tenebricosa Sooty Owl á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tyto novaehollandiae Masked Owl á Tyto alba Barn Owl á á á Tyto capensis Grass Owl

Family PODARGIDAE: Australian Frogmouths Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth á á á á á Podargus ocellatus plumiferus V Marbled Frogmouth á

Family CAPRIMULGIDAE: Nightjars and allies Eurostopodus mystacalis White-throated Nightjar á á á á á á á á Family AEGOTHELIDAE: Owlet-nightjars Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar á á á á

Family APODIDAE: Typical Swifts Hirundapus caudacutus C, J White-throated Needletail á á á á á Apus pacificus C, J Fork-tailed Swift á á á

Family ALCEDINIDAE: True Kingfishers Alcedo azurea Azure Kingfisher á á á á á

Family HALCYONIDAE: Kingfishers and Kookaburras Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra á á á á á á á Dacelo leachii Blue-winged Kookaburra á Todiramphus macleayii Forest Kingfisher á á á á á á Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher á á á á á á Todiramphus chloris Collared Kingfisher á á á

Family MEROPIDAE: Bee-eaters Merops ornatus J Rainbow Bee-eater á á á á á á á á á

Family CORACIIDAE: Typical Rollers Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird á á á á á

Family PITTIDAE: Pittas Pitta versicolor Noisy Pitta á á

Family CLIMACTERIDAE: Australo-Papuan Treecreepers Cormobates leucophaeus White-throated Treecreeper á á á á Climacteris erythrops R Red-browed Treecreeper á Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper á Climacteris picumnus Brown Treecreeper á

Family MALURIDAE: Fairy-wrens, Emu-wrens and Grasswrens Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren á á á Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren á á á á á á á á á Malurus melanocephalus Red-backed Fairy-wren á á á á á á á

Family PARDALOTIDAE: Pardalotes, Bristlebirds, Scrubwrens and Thornbills Pardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote á á Paradalotus striatus Striated Pardalote á á á á á á á á á Dasyornis brachypterus E Eastern Bristlebird á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sericornis citreogularis Yellow-throated Scrubwren á Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren á á á á á á á á á Sericornis magnirostris Large-billed Scrubwren á á á á á Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill á á á Gerygone mouki Brown Gerygone á á á á Gerygone levigaster Mangrove Gerygone á á á á Gerygone olivacea White-throated Gerygone á á á á á á á á Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill á á á á á á á á Acanthiza reguloides Buff-rumped Thornbill á á Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill á á Acanthiza nana Yellow Thornbill á Acanthiza lineata Striated Thornbill á á á

Family MELIPHAGIDAE: Honeyeaters Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird á Anthochaera chrysoptera Little Wattlebird á á á á á á á Plectrhyncha lanceolata Striped Honeyeater á á á á á á Philemon corniculatus Noisy Friarbird á á á á á á á á á Philemon citerogularis Little Friarbird á á á á Entomyzon cyanotis Blue-faced Honeyeater á á á á á á Manorina melanophrys Bell Miner á á á Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner á á á á á á á Meliphaga lewinii Lewin’s Honeyeater á á á á á á á á Lichenostomus chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater á á á á Lichenostomus fasciogularis Mangrove Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis White-eared Honeyeater á á Lichenostomus melanops R Yellow-tufted Honeyeater á Lichenostomus fuscus Fuscous Honeyeater á á Melithreptus gularis R Black-chinned Honeyeater á Melithreptus albogularis White-throated Honeyeater á á á á á á á á Melithreptus lunatus White-naped Honeyeater á á á Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater á á á á á á á á Phylidonyris nigra White-cheeked Honeyeater á á á á á á Conopophila whitei Grey Honeyeater á Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill á á á á Myzomela obscura Dusky Honeyeater á á Myzomela sanguinolenta Scarlet Honeyeater á á á á á á á á

Family EOPSALTRIIDAE: Australo-Papuan Robins and Scrub-robins Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter á á á á Petroica rosea Rose Robin á á á á Tregellasia capito Pale Yellow Robin á á Eopsaltria australis Eastern Yellow Robin á á á á á á á

Family POMATOSTOMIDAE: Australo-Papuan Babblers Pomatostomus temporalis Grey-crowned Babbler á á

Family CINCLOSTOMIDAE: Quail-thrushes and allies Psophodes olivaceus Eastern Whipbird á á á á á á

Family NEOSITTIDAE: Sittellas Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella á á á á á á

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Family Whistlers, Shrike-thrushes PACHYCEPHALIDAE: and allies Falcunculus frontatus Crested Shrike-tit á á Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler á á á á á á á á Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler á á á á á á á á á Colluricincla megarhyncha Little Shrike-thrush á á á á á á Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush á á á á á á á á á

Family DICRURIDAE: Monarchs, Fantails and Drongo Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch á á á Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch á á á Monarcha leucotis White-eared Monarch á á Myiagra rubecula Leaden Flycatcher á á á á á á Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher á á á Myiagra alecto Shining Flycatcher á á Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher á á Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark á á á á á Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail á á á á Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail á á á á á á á á á Rhipidura leucophyrs Willie Wagtail á á á á á á á á á Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo á á á á á á á

Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE: Cuckoo-shrikes and Trillers Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike á á á á á á á á Coracina lineata Barred Cuckoo-shrike á á Coracina papuensis White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike á á Coracina tenuirostris Cicadabird á á á á Coracina maxima R Ground Cuckoo-shrike á Lalage sueurii White-winged Triller á á á á á Lalage leucomela Varied Triller á á á á á

Family ORIOLIDAE: Orioles and Figbirds Oriolus sagittatus Olive-backed Oriole á á á á á á á á Sphecotheres viridis Figbird á á á á á á á

Family ARTAMIDAE: Woodswallows, Butcherbirds and Currawongs Artamus leucorynchus White-breasted Woodswallow á á á á á á Artamus superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow á Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow á á Artamus minor Little Woodswallow á á Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird á á á á á á Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird á á á á á á á á Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie á á á á á á á á Strepera graculina Pied Currawong á á á á á á

Family PARADISAEIDAE: Birds of Paradise

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ptiloris paradiseus Paradise Riflebird á

Family CORVIDAE: Crows and allies Corvus orru Torresian Crow á á á á á á á á

Family CORORACIDAE: Mud-nesters Corcorax melanorhamphos White-winged Chough á Struthidea cinerea Apostlebird á

Family Bowerbirds PTILINORHYNCHIDAE: Ailuroedus crassirostris á á Sericulus chrysocephalus Regent Bowerbird á á á Ptilonorhynchus violaceus Satin Bowerbird á á

Family ALAUDIDAE: Old World Larks Mirafra javanica Singing Bushlark á á

Family MOTACILLIDAE: Old World Wagtails and Pipits Anthus novaeseelandiae Richard’s Pipit á á á á á á á Sparrows, Weaverbirds, Family PASSERIDAE: Waxbills and allies Passer domesticus House Sparrow # á á Taeniopygia bichenovii Double-barred Finch á á á á á á á á Neochmia temporalis Red-browed Finch á á á á á á á á á Lonchura punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin # á á á Lonchura castaneothorax Chestnut-breasted Mannikin á á á á á á

Family DICAEIDAE: Flowerpeckers Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird á á á á á á á á á

Family HIRUNDINIDAE: Swallows and Martins Cheramoeca leucosternus White-backed Swallow á á Hirundo rustica C, J Barn Swallow á Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow á á á á á á á á Hirundo nigricans Tree Martin á á á á á á á Hirundo ariel Fairy Martin á á á

Family SYLVIIDAE: Old World Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus Clamorous Reed-Warbler á á á Megalurus timoriensis Tawny Grassbird á á á á á á Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird á á Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark á á Cincloramphus crucralis Brown Songlark á á Cisticola exilis Golden-headed Cisticola á á á á á á

Family ZOSTEROPIDAE: White-eyes

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Data Source

Zoological Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Zosterops lateralis Silvereye á á á á á á á á

Family MUSCICAPIDAE: True Thrushes Zoothera lunulata Bassian Thrush á

Family STURNIDAE: Starlings and allies Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling # á á á á Acridotheres tristis Common Myna # á

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