Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development” Sustainable urban development as a driver of safety system development of the urban underground

Igor Ilin a,*, Olga Kalinina a, Oksana Iliashenko a, Anastasia Levina a

aPeter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, Saint-Petersburg, 195251,

Abstract

Sustainable development of cities around the world is a means of providing a high quality of city environment and living standards of the population. One of the main aspects of sustainable development of city infrastructure is social stability, which involves among others the criteria of transport safety and reliability. Nowadays transport infrastructure objects, especially in big cities, are in focus of increased attention from the safety and security arrangement point of view. Provided that, the purpose of the paper is to develop a mechanism of continuous monitoring, testing and improvement of transport safety system in order to provide its ability to adequately respond to new challenges of the environment. The paper describes an approach to the development of safety system and emergency situations management, based on the concept of “enterprise architecture”. The approach involves analysis and testing of existing safety and emergency regulations and personnel instructions using a specific simulation software, and further correction of the regulations and instructions basing on the results of the analysis. The proposed approach was tested in Underground (Russia). Such kind of approach potentially could be implemented into practice of not only underground transport systems, but for other types of transport enterprises as well. © 20162016 Published The Authors. by Elsevier Published Ltd. Thisby Elsevier is an open Ltd access. article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-review under responsibility of the scientific). committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground UrbPeer-reviewanisation under as a responsibility Prerequisite offor the Sustainable scientific committee Development of the. 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development Keywords: sustainable urban development, emergency situation, enterprise architecture, process simulator, safety system, urban underground, business processes modeling.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-921-876-38-95; fax: +7 (812) 550-36-52 E-mail address: [email protected]

1877-7058 © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.909 1674 Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

1. Introduction

The problem of cities sustainable development is one of topical solution in the modern industrial environment. Cities sustainable development have to provide a high quality of life and city's population health, the preservation of its ecological environment, as well as maintaining an appropriate comfort level for the citizens life. The concept of cities sustainable development began to develop in the late 20th century. The concept was founded by United Nations (UN). UN created specialized programs aimed at supporting sustainable development of urban infrastructure, such as UN-HABITAT (The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 1978) [1], UNEP (The United Nations Environment Programme, 1972) [2]. The main UN Declaration on Human Settlements are Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements, adopted by United Nations Conference on Human Settlements 1976 [3], Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements, 1996 [4], as well as Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in New Millennium 2001 [5]. In turn, Russian practice based programs, developing sustainable urban development concept, are: project of sustainable urban development within the framework of sustainable cities of the World Programme, 1998 [6], National sustainable urban transport systems concept, in 2012, developed by Russian Federation Ministry of Transport together with the World Bank [7] and the Federal target program "Transport system modernization of Russia (2010-2020) [8]. As for existing works dedicated to the topic, it should be considered in Russian and foreign authors research works, like Li X. and Gar-On Y.A., 2000 [9], Suzuki H., Cervero R. and Iuchi K., 2013 [10], Woolthuis R.K. et al. (2013) [11], Yigitcanlar T. and Teriman S. (2015) [12], Mörtberg U. et al. (2013) [13], Medvedev P.V. and Medvedeva O.E. (2015) [14], Granberg A.G. et al. (2002) [15], Tetior A.N. (2000) [16], Kravchenko E.A. and Kravchenko A.E. (2011) [17], Barinova L.D. and Zabalkanskaya L.E. (2015) [18], Litvin V.A., Chirkova A.I. and Vaulina L.N. (2013) [19], Rodionov D.G. ana Kudryavtseva T.J. [20], Suraeva M.O. (2011) [21], Boriskina I.M. (2012) [22], Sydorenko Yu. (2011) [23], Deruzhinsky V.E., Deruzhinsky G.V. and Tokmakov Yu.G. (2014) [24], Bril A., Kalinina O., Valebnikova O. [25], Bevziuk E.A. (2006) [26], Belyj O.V., Barinova L.D. and Zabalkanskaya L.E. (2016) [27]. The literature analysis, as well as relevant policy documents showed that in transport sector we can consider three different dimensions of sustainability - social, environmental and economic aspects. Social stability focuses on Transport safety and reliability. In the framework of sustainable urban development concept, this paper is devoted to social dimension analysis of urban environment sustainable development in St. Petersburg. We consider such problem in context of transport safety criterion (for example, subway).

2. Experimental methods

Nowadays effective performance of any socio-economic system, including transport systems, is hardly imaginable without using appropriate business engineering technologies, such as business process management and information systems. The first one enables to organize result-oriented activity, while the latter provides effective and time efficient information processing and substantiated decision making. Reorganization activities in the enterprise require a systematic approach to assessing the results of the individual changes. Systematic approach in the analysis of the impact of the implementation of individual reorganization projects involves consideration of any changes in the context of enterprise architecture: It is necessary to take into account the interconnection and interdependence of business processes, organizational structure, job descriptions, procedures, information systems, information technology infrastructure and other components of the enterprise architecture. At the present time in order to enhance competitiveness and necessity to conform changing business conditions, because of that, more and more companies are implementing projects implementation or modification of various architectural decisions: projects of reengineering of business processes, the reform of the organizational structure, change the instructions for staff, implementation of information systems or engineering infrastructure systems and etc. Thus often the problem is solved in isolation, without taking into account interrelations and mutual influence of the various components of enterprise architecture, which leads to unsatisfactory results of such projects. Effective implementation of organizational change requires a complex analysis of proposed changes to ensure not local optimization of individual elements of the control system, but effective holistic architectural solution for the problem area. Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016) 1673 – 1682 1675

Creating or reengineering of security system in the enterprise is a typical project to introduce organizational changes: such a project assumes change of existing processes and corresponding regulations and instructions, Reengineering support these processes of information systems and applications, and, if necessary, re-engineering of engineering networks and other objects of the technological infrastructure. For effective implementation such project requires an integrated approach to the analysis of the existing security system, revealing potential optimizing the system, to the development of the target model. Until now, there is no single accepted standard for design and development of integrated solutions in the area of enterprise architecture. To solve these problems at the present time all over the world using modern organizational technologies, known as enterprise engineering, using in management the achievements that have been successfully operating in the design and management of technical objects, allow to make management accurate and effective (Kudryavcev, Arzumanyan, Grigorev, 2014) [28]. In the business engineering priority is given to preliminary "design" of components to control system which is based on accurate activity models, that can help to eliminate most of the problems of enterprise operational management. The main concept of Business Engineering is the notion of enterprise architecture. The concept of "architecture" initially appeals to the understanding and definition of the relationship between the users of a system and the system itself. Understanding these relationships and consequently the requirements for the system, allows you to set the essence of the system, ie the structure, behavior, and other properties (Lankhorst, 2013) [29]. This «gist», which if often named as the system architecture, is the basis for analysis, evaluation and optimization and is the starting point for the design, creation and implementation of the system. Enterprise architecture model is intended to combine the various business aspects of managing technologies together to create an integrated management system. At the present time enterprises architecture is widely used as a systemic management approach, understanding this term a set of different elements of management structure and interrelations between them (various definitions can be found in (the MIT, 2016) [30], (to Gartner, 2014) [31], (Kondratiev, 2007)) [32]. Enterprise architecture in its modern sense emerged as a response to the problem of balancing business needs and IT infrastructure (in accordance with (Lankhorst, 2013), (Kalyanov, 2013) [33]). Traditionally, elements of enterprise architecture are grouped into so-called layers, the number and the names of which are different in different sources (for example, (Lankhorst, 2013), (Kalyanov, 2013), (The Open Group, 2009) [34]), but the overall approach and the composition of the elements enterprises architecture is very similar. For example, in (Kalyanov, 2013) identified the following layers: x Corporate mission and vision, strategic goals and objectives; x Business architecture: business processes, organizational structure and staffing, work flows; x System Architecture (IT architecture) applications, data, "iron". Approach TOGAF (The Open Group, 2009), which became the de facto standard for the development of architectural solutions, offers the following layers of enterprise architecture: x The business layer (business processes, organizational structure); x Application layer: information systems and applications; x Process Layer: IT infrastructure, database. The architectural approach to enterprise design involves the development and subsequent all elements of the enterprise management system, as reflected in the enterprise architecture model. An architectural analysis of the problem sphere - improving transport infrastructure security for stations and tunnels of the St. Petersburg Underground - allows to identify the following elements of the architectural solutions model: x Business layer: process safety and emergency management; organizational structure (departments and employees involved in the security system); instructions and regulations by the staff actions for security and emergency management; x IT architecture: single automated dispatch system; x Technological infrastructure: alarm systems, video surveillance, radio warning, bandwidth monitoring, inspection, opening and closing access to the individual objects stations. Security system improving in one of the elements listed above, involves monitoring the impact of changes to the remaining elements of the complex architectural decisions and appropriate to their reengineering. The most important condition for improving the effectiveness of security measures in the subway is to develop optimal regulations of operational use of special means and programs of action in emergency situations. Effective 1676 Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

development of these regulations means the optimization of processes based on their simulation and analysis using specialized software. (Prozorov, 2012) [35], (Arsenjev, Ivanov, 2002) [36]. Such kind of software should allow to simulate passenger traffic at subway stations, taking into account the schedule of trains, to simulate the underground personnel to ensure the safety of passengers and operations in the event of an emergency situation, to develop the clearance of passengers and baggage, handling and processing of goods and others. Such software should allow you to simulate passenger traffic at subway stations in view train schedules, simulate emergency situations and their consequences and actions of underground personnel to ensure the safety of passengers in case of an emergency, to develop the clearance of passengers and luggage, moving and handling, and others. Implementation this practice simulations security processes, as reflected in the existing instructions and regulations for personnel, requires IT architecture changing in terms of the specialized software implementation for process simulation. Improving the instructions and regulations based on simulation processes results and analysis results can require technological infrastructure re-engineering in terms of underground additional instrumentation facilities, elements of the surveillance system, alarm, radio warning in order to ensure a more efficient and rapid exchange of information during security management. Basing on a complex architecture analysis of safety system of the Underground, the approach to security system development of large urban transport infrastructure objects can be presented as the following algorithm: 1. Analysis of existing security and management system processes in emergency situations; analysis of personnel instructions and regulations about emergency actions; 2. Development of a decision support system in emergency situations, based on the existing security processes and instructions for emergency actions: a. Development of decision-making models (including taking into account the additional factors); b. Simulation of an emergency situation using a simulating software; c. Analysis of the simulation results and the identification of bottlenecks in the existing system of security processes and emergency management; 3. Reengineering of security and emergency management processes (in case of bottlenecks in the existing security system); 4. Development of requirements for IT- and technological infrastructure of the safety system; 5. IT- and technological infrastructure reengineering according to the requirements of reengineered safety processes; 6. Training of personnel in accordance with the updated instructions and regulations of reengineered safety and emergency processes; 7. Continuous monitoring and testing of safety system according to pp.1-6 of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is a tool for continuous improvement Underground security system based on continuous monitoring, testing and, if necessary, adjust the system. The implementation of such mechanism in the architectural solution will enable security system is constantly "in good shape" and quickly respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions. This allows the security system to "grow" with the underground development, and thus respond to the public demand in the area of passenger safety.

3. Experimental section

The paper describes an example of IT architecture reengineering project in one of the departments of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Saint Petersburg " (hereinafter referred as the Underground). Saint Petersburg underground transport is a company that provides services for off-street rapid transportation of passengers, which is the second largest in Russia, serves 5 million residents. Saint Petersburg underground has large prospects for development, as is currently the city subway network is not sufficiently developed (Resolution of Government of Saint Petersburg, 2014) [37]. In addition, Saint Petersburg is a national and international center of cultural, political and social life, therefore objects of transport infrastructure should ensure the availability and security of transportation, not only city residents but also the numerous visitors (more than 6 million visitants annually). In this regard, actively developing not only the units engaged in primary activities (ie passenger transport), but also the service units. In this article describes an example of the developed approach to improving transport objects infrastructure security system in the Saint Petersburg underground. Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016) 1673 – 1682 1677

The main elements of the security system of underground are: x system security processes; x engineering safety systems; x clear instructions for action in emergency situations (hereinafter - EC); x debugged personnel actions (including with the help of specialized simulation); x effective support from the IT systems and process equipment. For the purpose of improving the subway security system in order to minimize the consequences of possible emergency situations, you need to consistently achieve the following objectives:  analyze existing system of security and assess the vulnerability of underground facilities at a particular emergency;  simulate emergency situations as close to real conditions;  work out procedures of different categories of employees of the transport infrastructure in the event of an emergency;  model and work out a system of rapid evacuation of passengers;  ensure coordination of employees of transport infrastructure and various rescue services;  develop a system of security processes in the subway;  develop requirements for IT and technology support security. The analysis of the existing regulation of management processes in emergency situations was found that the procedure for informing the occurrence of underground services, emergency requires adjustment. Consider the existing regulation of management processes in emergency situations. Information about the occurrence of emergency fixes subway employee – Senior dispatcher - based on the presence of smoke, an explosion of sound, etc. Senior dispatcher communicates information about the occurrence of emergency situations on the phone in subway service (in accordance with regulations), responsible for the provision of first aid and primary disaster management, emergency and police. Based on information, which were received from senior dispatcher, subway services are responsible for elimination of emergencies and first aid to victims, and organize the evacuation of passengers, de-energize the equipment, specify the nature of injuries, the consequences of emergency situations (fire, water flow, etc.). If it necessary, after verification of the situation, they decide to the allocation of additional forces for liquidation of emergency situations. The existing regulations on the management of processes in emergency situations on the subway are presented in Figure 1. 1678 Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

Fig.1. The existing regulation processes for Emergency Management

The existing process model of Emergency Management causes the following difficulties: x All information about the occurrence of emergency going on the basis of external signs, recorded by members of subway: an explosion, smoke, lack of communication with the engineer, engineer supply alarm. x In the event of emergencies in the tunnel there are information stations between which there was an emergency. At the same time there is no information about the exact localization of occurrence of emergency places. x No train to the next subway station at the scheduled time. That is, stop the train with passengers in the tunnel with the free route. The reason of stopping the train can be a technical failure, not associated with the explosion or other causes occurrence of an emergency. x Information about the occurrence of emergency is transmitted in accordance with established regulations and instructions in subway units and staff responsible for the organization of rescue work services before the arrival of Emergency Situations Ministry. A data transmission method - verbal (telephone). Those. there is a subjective factor, therefore, there is the possibility of inaccurate transfer of information, incomplete information about the disaster occurred and so forth. Analysis of the existing regulation of management processes in emergency situations has shown the necessity of its adjustment in terms of improving the notification process of the occurrence of an emergency. It is proposed to develop and implement the system operation of the emergency alert occurs. Warning system includes: x technological equipment, including emergency control devices (fumigation, explosion, water floods in a tunnel, train stops etc.). Emergency control devices are supposed to transfer information about the emergency in real-time into the appropriate information system; x an information system about the occurrence of emergency situations (such as SCADA), ensuring the collection, processing, display of information monitoring facility. The information system will ensure the transmission of information about the occurrence of disaster from the sensors to the relevant structural units of subway. It is assumed automatically informed about the occurrence of emergencies: Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016) 1673 – 1682 1679

o staff responsible organization of rescue work before the arrival of Emergency Situations Ministry officials and other governmental organs involved in disaster management; o Ministry of Emergency Situations Service, the police, ambulance and other governmental organs involved in disaster management. x system of alerts on the current situation, indicating occurrence of emergency location and characteristic manifestation of consequences of emergency situations: the presence of smoke, water leaks, stop the train, fire. Depending on the situation in emergency situations (the presence of smoke, water leaks, train stop, fire and so forth.) subway staff performs actions, spent in training on disaster management prior to arrival MOE services. These actions worked with during the training interactive training module, which provides a simulation of fire, smoke, water, and crowd behavior in the event of emergencies of various kinds, and allows staff to perform actions in accordance with the specified instructions depending on the manifestation of the consequences of emergencies.

Fig.2. The proposed regulation processes for Emergency Management.

As a result of the introduction of the proposed system of emergency alerts occurs to change the rules on the processes in emergency management. One possible embodiment of the Regulations is presented in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that the process of alerts of all subway services on the occurrence of emergency situations in the automatic mode allows, firstly, to reduce the alerts time required currently a senior manager when using verbal means (telephony); Second, get more information about the consequences of emergency situations and respond quickly appropriate measures to eliminate the consequences of emergencies. 1680 Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

In addition to the changes in the regulations to ensure safety regulations and actions in emergency situations, it is necessary to provide support for security in the subway from the technological infrastructure. In this direction, at most stations St. Petersburg subway has already implemented the following measures improve the security system: x organize special inspection systems at the entrances / exits to all the protected premises and buildings for the control of passengers and staff and their hand luggage, outerwear, personal belongings, as well as the passengers' luggage; x organize inspection of baggage systems based on automatic detection of explosives with the integration of these systems and video surveillance system; x improve existing in surface and underground stations, lobbies video surveillance systems based on modern digital systems for collecting, processing and storing video information; x develop regulations examination using special technical means.

4. Results section

As a result of the developed approach to improving transport infrastructure security system in Saint Petersburg subway following changes were implemented: x Adjustment of processes descriptions and models of safety system and emergency situation management; x Adjustment of personnel instructions for action concerning safety and emergency actions; x Develop a program of staff training in order to ensure safety and emergency management with the use of simulator; x Development of requirements for IT and technology support processes, security and emergency management.

5. Discussion section

The safety system development approach, described in the paper, was positively referenced by the top management of Saint Petersburg Underground. But the effect of the approach implementation was estimated only from the safety point of view as passenger safety, according to the mission, is the priority value for Saint Petersburg Underground. The economic effect estimation for its using with commercial purposes was not in focus of the analysis and can be the issue for a separate research. The ideas, proposed in the paper, potentially can be interesting for another national-wide or municipal-wide transport enterprises (city passenger transport, railway transportation and others) and for other objects of city infrastructure, which put high requirements on safety provision (city systems of electricity, heat, water supplement and others). The adoption of the proposed approach to specific industry needs, especially simulation software adjustment according to the requirements of a certain industry or enterprise, presents a vast field for further research in this field.

6. Conclusions

Sustainable development of cities around the world is a means of providing a high quality of city environment and living standards of the population. One of the main aspects of sustainable development of city infrastructure is social stability, which involves among others the criteria of transport safety and reliability. Thus, safety of passenger transportation is one of the key development drivers for city transport infrastructure objects. Nowadays the latter is the object of terrorist threats, especially in big cities and in the periods of mass gathering of people. Actions in emergency situations are especially difficult in case of the underground transport, when emergency takes place in closed premises under the ground. For Petersburg Underground the problem of effective actions in case of emergency is rather important as it is considered to be the deepest underground transportation system in the world for the parameter of average depth of station. In this case the passengers’ evacuation and first aid arrival can take certain time, that can be critical for people’s life and health saving. The approach to safety system development, described in the paper and tested in Saint Petersburg Underground, is based on the concept of “enterprise architecture”, which implies that all the elements of the enterprise Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016) 1673 – 1682 1681 management system are interconnected and interdependent and as a consequence should be considered as a coherent whole while performing any organizational changes. The proposed approach intends using of a simulation model of safety providing processes and a specific simulation software, based on this model, as its central component. The simulation software allows to timely test the existing regulations and instructions in order to prove their efficiency and to train personnel to act in a proper way in case of emergency situation. The implementation of such a mechanism of continuous monitoring, testing and corrections of safety system elements will enable to improve the system continuously and thus to keep it always effective.

References

[1] Official website of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme UN-HABITAT. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/ga/habitat. [2] Official website of the United Nations Environment Programme. URL: http://www.unep.org/russian. [3] Vancouver Declaration on human settlements (1976). The United Nations. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/vancouver.pdf. [4] Stambul Declaration on human settlements (1996). The United Nations. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/stambul.pdf. [5] Declaration on cities and other human settlements in the new Millennium (2001). The United Nations. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/ods.asp?m=A/RES/S-25/2. [6] Moscow project of sustainable urban development (1998). World programme for sustainable cities. URL: http://www.leadnet.ru/mep/mep- intro.htm. [7] The national concept of sustainable urban transport systems (2012). The Ministry of transport of the Russian Federation, the World Bank. URL: http://www.waksman.ru/Russian/Criticism/Reporturtrrus.pdf. [8] Federal target program "Modernization of transport system of Russia (2010-2020)" approved by the RF Government decree of December 5, 2001. № 848. [9] Li, X., Gar-On Y.A. Modelling sustainable urban development by the integration of constrained cellular automata and GIS (2000) International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 14 (2), pp. 131-152. [10] Suzuki, H., Cervero, R., Iuchi, K. Transforming cities with transit. Transit and land-use integration for sustainable urban development (2013) International bank for reconstruction and development. [11] Woolthuis, R.K., Hooimeijer, F., Bossink, B., Mulder, G., Brouwer, J. Institutional entrepreneurship in sustainable urban development: Dutch successes as inspiration for transformation (2013) Journal of Cleaner Production, 50, pp. 91-100. [12] Yigitcanlar, T., Teriman, S. Rethinking sustainable urban development: towards an integrated planning and development process (2015) International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12, pp. 341-352. [13] Mörtberg, U. et al. Urban ecosystems and sustainable urban development – analysing and assessing interacting systems in the Stockholm region (2013) Urban Ecosyst, 16, pp. 763-782. [14] Medvedev, P.V., Medvedeva, O.E. Jekonomicheskaja bezopasnost' i sovremennye mirovye tendencii v sfere ocenki i vozmeshhenija jekologicheskogo ushherba [The Economic security and current global trends in the field of assessment and compensation for environmental damage] (2015) Internet-zhurnal Naukovedenie = Internet journal of the sociology of Science, 7/5 (30), p. 66. (rus) [15] Granberg, A.G. et al. Strategija i problemy ustojchivogo razvitija Rossii v XXI veke [Strategy and problems of sustainable development of Russia in XXI century] (2002) Moscow, Economika, 414 p. (rus) [16] Tetior, A.N. Ustojchivoe razvitie goroda [Sustainable development of the city] (2000) Moscow, Foundation "Development and environment". (rus) [17] Kravchenko, E.A., Kravchenko, A.E. Sovremennoe sostojanie i perspektivy ustojchivogo razvitija passazhirskogo avtomobil'nogo transporta v Rossii [Modern condition and prospects of sustainable development of road passenger ] (2011) Uspehi sovremennogo estestvoznanija = Successes of modern science, 2, pp. 130-134. (rus) [18] Barinova, L.D., Zabalkanskaya, L.E. Pokazateli jekologicheski ustojchivogo razvitija vysokoskorostnogo zheleznodorozhnogo transporta [Indicators of environmentally sustainable development high-speed rail transport] (2015) Transport: nauka, tehnika, upravlenie = Transport: science, technique, management, 9, pp. 52-56. (rus) [19] Litvin, V.A., Chirkova, A.I., Vaulina, L.N. Jekonomicheskie aspekty ustojchivogo razvitija passazhrskogo transporta v malyh gorodah [Economic aspects of sustainable development passenger transport in small towns] (2013) Aprobacija = Testing, 6 (9), pp. 130-133. (rus) [20] Rodionov, D.G., Kudryavtseva, T.J. Factors of the effective development of the St. Petersburg instrument engineering cluster (2016) International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6 (2), 2016, pp. 298-306. [21] Suraeva, M.O. Metodologija regulirovanija ustojchivogo razvitija zheleznodorozhnogo transporta [Methodology of regulation for sustainable development of railway transport]: monograph (2011) Samara, Samara Institute of business and management. (rus) [22] Boriskina, I.M. Modernizacija zheleznodorozhnogo transporta kak strategicheskij faktor ustojchivogo social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitjai Rossii [The modernisation of railway transport as a strategic factor for sustainable socio-economic development of Russia] (2012) Ezhegodnik "Vittevskie chtenija" = Annual "Vitevskie reading", 1, pp. 208-211. (rus). [23] Sydorenko, Yu. The coevolution essense of the urban transport sustainable development (2011) Problemy i perspektivy jekonomiki i upravlenija = Problems and prospects of Economics and management, 1 (48), pp. 226-232. 1682 Igor Ilin et al. / Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1682

[24] Deruzhinsky, V.E., Deruzhinsky, G.V., Tokmakov, Yu.G. Transport v sisteme ustojchivogo razvitija regional'noj jekonomiki [Transport in the sustainable development of regional economy] (2014) Jekonomika ustojchivogo razvitija = Economics of sustainable development, 2 (18), pp. 55-68. (rus) [25] Bril, A., Kalinina, O., Valebnikova, O. Innovation Venture Financing Projects in Information Technology. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (2016), Volume 9870. Springer, pp. 766-775. [26] Bevziuk, E.A. Problemy ustojchivogo razvitija transporta [Problems of sustainable transport development] (2006) Pravo i gosudarstvo: teorija i praktika = Law and state: theory and practice, 3, pp. 99-104. (rus) [27] Belyj, O.V., Barinova, L.D., Zabalkanskaya, L.E. Kompleksnyj podhod k obespecheniju jekologicheski ustojchivogo razvitija vysokoskorostnogo zheleznodorozhnogo transporta [A comprehensive approach to promoting environmentally sustainable development of high-speed railway transportation] (2016) Transport: nauka, tehnika, upravlenie = Transportation: science, technology, management, 8, pp. 16-23. (rus) [28] Kudryavcev, D.V., Arzumanyan, M.Yu., Grigorev, L.Yu. Business Engineering Technologies: Study Guide (2014) Saint Petersburg, Polytechnic University Publishing, 427 p. [29] Lankhorst, M. Enterprise Architecture at Work. Modelling, Communication, Analysis (2013) Springer-Verlag, 338 p. [30] MIT Center for Information Systems Research. Retrieved: 15.08.2016. URL: http://cisr.mit.edu/research/research-overview/classic- topics/enterprise-architecture/. [31] Gartner Group, IT Glossary. Retrieved: 25.01.2014. URL: http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/. [32] Kondratiev, V. Designing Enterprise Architecture (2007) Moscow, Exmo. [33] Kalyanov, G.N. Enterprise Architecture and Tools of Its Modeling (2013) Retrieved: 15.03.2013. URL: http://www.vshu.ru/files/IR01a.pdf/. [34] The Open Group. TOGAF Version 9. (2009) The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). London: TSO. [35] Prozorov, A. Improvement of Safety System of Railway Transport (2012) RZhD-Partner, 19-10-2012. Retrieved 05.09.2016. URL: http://borlas.ru/press/320_document.pdf. [36] Arsenjev, D.G., Ivanov, V.M. Adaptive control methods for stochastic calculation procedures (2002). Robotics, Automation, Control and Manufacturing: Trends, Principles and Applications - Proceedings of the 5th Biannual World Automation Congress, WAC 2002, ISORA 2002, ISIAC 2002 and ISOMA. Volume 14, pp. 95-96. [37] Saint Petersburg Government Decree of 6.30.2014 number 552 "On the State Program of Saint Petersburg "Development of Saint Petersburg transport system" for 2015-2020.