COMPLEXUL MUZEAL DE ŞTIINŢELE NATURII „ION BORCEA” BACĂU

STUDII ŞI COMUNICĂRI 2006 Vol. 21: 293 – 298

THE BIODIVERSITY OF CLICK SPECIES IDENTIFIED IN GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS FROM EAST PART OF

LĂCRĂMIOARA ZAHARIA *

ABSTRACT

ZAHARIA L., 2006 - The biodiversity of click beetles species identified in grassland ecosystems from East part of Romania. Studii şi Comunicări, Compl. Muz. Şt. Nat. „Ion Borcea” Bacău, vol. 21: 293-298.

The study represent and ecological analyzes of the elaterids species collected in the period 2000-2004 in grassland ecosystems at different high with respect to vegetation altitude spreading. During the research period were collected a number of 1173 click beetles specimens both from the East part of Romania (Moldavia) and national Park Piatra Craiului. There were identified 60 species from 24 genera included in 5 subfamilies.

Key words: biodiversity, Elateridae, grassland, Romania

Introduction (BC); Mănăstirea Caşin (BC); Mărăşeşti (VN); M. Click beetles species spread in grasslands Nemira (BC); Nicolae Bălcescu (BC); Onişcani ecosystems have larval development in soil during (BC); Parincea (BC); Păltinoasa (SV); Perchiu (BC); 3-4-5 year depending on the altitude. These species Plopana (BC); Poiana Sărată (BC); Potoci (NT); larval stages feed on vegetation roots or rotten Prăjeşti (BC); Vf. Pufu-Slănicel (BC); Racova (BC); vegetal matter, rarely being predators. Some of the Răchitoasa (BC); Răcăciuni (BC); M-ţii Rodnei- elaterid species spread in this ecosystem are pest, Pârâul Lala (SV); Roman (NT); Runc (BC); Salcea producing great damage in different crops. Rarely , (SV); Sascut (BC); Sărărie (BC); Slănic Moldova in these type of ecosystem appear forest species due (BC); Secuieni (BC); Şerbeşti (BC); Strugari (BC); to the fact that most of adults feed on flower for Suceava (SV); Tamaşi (BC); Tazlău (BC); Tescani maturation. (BC); Traian (BC); Trebeş (BC); Truşeşti (BT); Urecheşti (BC); Valea Budului (BC); Valea Uzului Material and methods (BC); Valea Seacă (BC); Vatra Dornei (SV); The study is based on a number of 1173 click Văculeşti (SV); Văratic (NT); Vânători (NT); beetles specimens collected by sweeping the Zeletin (BC); Zboina (BC). In National Park Piatra vegetation with entomological net in different Craiul were sampled click beetles species from 8 ecosystem from Moldavia and National Park Piatra locations: Măgura Hill, Zărneşti Gorges, Sătic, Bârsa Craiului. From Moldavia were collected click Valley, Bârsa Tamaşului, Hora cu Brazi, Piatra beetles from the following 85 localities: Adjud (BC); Mică, Crăpătura. Adâncata (SV); Agapia (NT); Arama (SV); Bacău The species identified in the studied (BC); Băceşti (VS); Bârnova (IS); Breazu (IS); ecosystems were analyzed using the ecological Bereşti – Tazlău (BC); Berzunţi (BC); Bijghir (BC); index: abundance, dominance, constancy and Dzuba Botoşani (BT); Brusturoasa (BC); Buhoci (BC); index. The data were analyzed with Biodiversity Pro Buhuşi (BC); M. Călimani (SV); Căşerie (BC); and the dendrogram was drawn up using Bray-Curtis method. Ceahlău (NT); Codri Slătioara (SV); Copălău (BT); Coşula (BT); Coţofăneşti (BC); Dofteana (BC); Results and discussions Dumbrava (NT); Durău (NT); Fântânele (NT); There were identified a number of 60 species Fântânele (BC); Filipeşti (BC); Gherăieşti (BC); for grassland ecosystem belonging to 24 genera and Grigoreni (BC); Gura Humorului (SV); Gura Văii 60 subfamilies (Pyrophorinae, Elaterinae, Cardiophorinae, (BC); Hemeiuşi (BC); Iaşi (IS); Ilişeşti (SV); Ion Melanotinae, and Dendrometrinae). Creangă (NT); Iteşti (BC); Lespezi (BC); Livezi subfamily Pyrophorinae: (BC); Luizi Călugăra (BC); Luncani (BC); Măgura genus Agrypnus: Agrypnus murinus;

* “Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum Complex

293

subfamily Elaterinae with 7 genera and 24 species: castanipes (D = 11,63), Hemicrepidius niger genus Brachygonus: Brachygonus megerlei (D = 11,63) and Cidnopus pilosus (D = 6,98); and B. rufipennis; - the elaterids fauna of grassland ecosystem genus Ampedus: Ampedus sinuatus, A. from hill region numbers 39 species out of balteatus, A. nigerrimus, A. nigroflavus, A. which high values of dominance and sanguineus, A. sanguinolentus, A. pomorum abundance were recorded for Agriotes and A. elongatulus; ustulatus (D = 24,34), Cidnopus pilosus (D genus Idolus with one species - I. picipennis; = 12,5), Agrypnus murinus (D = 8,8) genus Agriotes: A. aterrimus, A. Melanotus crassicollis (D = 5,92) and acuminatus, A. pilosellus, A. ustulatus, A. Hemicrepidius niger (5,92); gallicus, A. lineatus, A. sputator, A. - the click beetles fauna from mountain obscurus and A. brevis; grassland ecosystem include a number of genus Dalopius with one species – D. 47 species from which the following are marginatus, dominant and eudominant: Hemicrepidius genus Synaptus with one species - S. niger (D = 33,44), cuprea (D = filiformis; 25,51) and Agrypnus murinus (D =6,22); genus Adrastus with two species: A. - in alpine region of Piatra Craiului National rachifer şi A. limbatus; Park were identified 5 species among subfamily Cardiophorinae out of which was which the highest abundance was recorded identified one genera with one species: for Ctenicera cuprea. genus Dichronychus: D. cinereus; The ecological analyses for elaterid species subfamily Melanotinae with five species from emphasize a total number of 9 euconstat species and Melanotus genus: 12 constant species for the five type of grassland M. brunnipes, M. rufipes, M. castanipes, M. ecosystems. All the species from Ampedus genus tenebrosus şi M. crassicollis; appears accidentally or accessory for grassland subfamily Dendrometrinae with 13 genera ecosystems due to the fact that their larval stages which include 29 species: develop in rotten wood of different deciduous and genus Cidnopus - C. pilosus; resinous species in forest ecosystems. Eudominat genus Nothodes - N. parvulus; species for all grassland ecosystems are genus Diacanthous - D. undulatus; Hemicrepidius niger (D5 = 21,57 %), Ctenicera genus Hemicrepidius: - H. niger and H. hirtus; cuprea (D5 = 15,35 %) and Agriotes ustulatus (D5 = genus Crepidophorus - C. mutilatus; 10,91 %). In these ecosystems were identified two genus Athous which includes 10 species: A. dominate species: Cidnopus pilosus (D4 = 7,76 %) sacheri, A. haemorrhoidalis, A. vittatus, A. and Agrypnus murinus (D4 = 6,48 %) (table 2). subfuscus, A. zebei, A. mollis, A. austriacus, From the ecological significance index (W) A. jejunus, A. bicolor and A. campyloides; point of view the characteristic species grassland genus Ctenicera with three species: C. ecosystems are: Hemicrepidius niger (W5 = 21,57), heyeri, C. pectinicornis and C. cuprea; Ctenicera cuprea (W4 = 12,28), Agriotes ustulatus genus Anostirus – A. purpureus; (W4 = 6,55), Cidnopus pilosus (W4 = 6,21) and genus Selatosomus with three species: S. Agrypnus murinus (W4 = 5,18). Hemicrepidius niger amplicollis, S. aeneus, S. gravidus; is very abundant in hill and mountain region, and genus Calambus - C. bipustulatus; Ctenicera cuprea in mountain areas (table 2). genus Prosternon – P. tessellatum; Using ecological similarity Jaccard index and genus Denticollis - D. linearis. Biodiversity Pro for statistical analyses we obtain a In table 1 is presented the abundance and dendrogram for colleted species from grassland dominance of the species identified in each ecosystem. Due to different collecting period and the grasslands ecosystem with respect to altitude of great number of stationeries were undertaken only vegetation spreading. qualitative analyses for these ecosystems. Out of the table we can draw up the following: In figure 1 is presented the dendrogram of - from the grassland placed in river valleys collected species drown up on the ecological affinity were identified as eudominant the basis calculated through Bray-Curtis method. From following species: Agriotes ustulatus (D = this dendrogram results great affinities for the 22,09), Cidnopus pilosus (D = 15,95) and following species: Selatosomus gravidus (D = 12,27) and, - Denticollis linearis and Selatosomus also, in these ecosystems was identified amplicollis both spread in mountains lawns; high a number of specimens belonging to - Ampedus sanguinolentus and A. sanguineus Hemicrepidius niger (D = 9,2) and Athous – species with larval development in rotten haemorrhoidalis (D =7,98); trunks from river meadows and forest - in forest steppe region the click beetles steppe region; fauna is dominated by the following species - Ampedus balteatus and Ampedus rufipennis Synaptus filiformis (D = 25,58), Melanotus – which are spread in forest ecosystems, accidentally in grasslands, A. rufipennis – 294

with larval development in rotten beech ale Universităţii “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. trunks and A. balteatus in rotten resinous trunks; Biologie Animală, Tom XLVIII, Iaşi: 55-61. - Dalopius marginatus and Agriotes 5. CIUCĂ L., CIORNEI C-TIN, 2003 - obscurus – species spread in deciduous Biodiversitatea speciilor de elateride forests and lawns from low altitude (Coleoptera: Elateridae) din Parcul mountain areas, hill and plane regions; Dendrologic Hemeiuşi, Lucrările celei - Ampedus nigerrimus and Actenicerus de a 6-a Conferinţe Naţionale pentru sjaelandicus – species spread in grassland Protecţia Mediului prin Mijloace ecosystem from plane to alpine region; Biologice şi Biotehnice şi a celei de a - Ctenicera heyeri and Melanotus rufipes – 3 - a Conferinţe Naţionale de spread in hill region; Ecosanogeneză, Braşov: 254-261. - Anostirus purpureus and Ampedus 6. CIUCĂ L., MUSTAŢĂ GH., 2003 - The pomorum – accidentally in grassland biodiversity of click beetles ecosystems, these two are forest species (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from with larval development in rotten trunks; Moldavia, Analele Ştiinţifice ale - Hemicrepidius niger, Cidnopus pilosus, Universităţii “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Agriotes ustulatus, Prosternon tessellatum, Biologie Animală, Tom XLIX, Iaşi: 41-52. Selatosomus gravidus and Agrypnus 7. CIUCĂ L., 2003 - The catalogue of click beetles murinus – generally ubiquist species spread species (Elateridae, Coleoptera) both in natural and anthropic ecosystems identified in Moldavia, Analele from hill to mountain regions, with larval Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii “Al.I. development in soil. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Biologie Animală, Tom XLIX, Iaşi: 95-109. Conclusions 8. DONIŢĂ N. şi col., 1992 - Vegetaţia României, There were identified a number of 60 species Ed. Tehnică Agricolă, Bucureşti, 407 pg. for grassland ecosystem belonging to 24 genera and 9. IONESCU M, FESCI S., 1969 - Cercetări 60 subfamilies (Pyrophorinae, Elaterinae, preliminare privind entomofauna unor Cardiophorinae, Melanotinae, and Dendrometrinae). păşuni alpine din Munţii Cibinului, The ecological analyses for elaterid species collected Studii şi Cercetări de Biologie, seria in grassland ecosystems emphasize a number of 9 Zoologie, tome 21, nr. 6; ed. euconstat species and 12 constant species. Academiei RSR, Bucureşti: 483-499. Eudominat species for all grassland ecosystems are 10. LESEIGNEUR L., 1972 - Coléoptéres Hemicrepidius niger, Ctenicera cuprea, and Elateridae de la Faune de Agriotes ustulatus. From the ecological significance continentale et de Corse. Suppl. Bull. index point of view the characteristic species for Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (Suppl.) 41: 1-379. grassland ecosystems are: Hemicrepidius niger , 11. LOHSE A., 1979 – Elateridae. In: Freude H., Ctenicera cuprea, Agriotes ustulatus, Cidnopus Harde K.W. & Lohse G.A., Die Käfer pilosus and Agrypnus murinus. Mitteleuropas, 6. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 103-186. References 12. MAGURRAN A., 1955 - Ecological diversity 1. BARBAULT R. 1995 - Écologie générale. and its measurement. University Press Structure et fonctionnement de la Cambridge, 179 pg. biosphère, Ed. Masson, Paris, 275 pg. 13. PERJU T., MARE T. 1984 - Viermi sârmă – 2. BARSEVSKIS A., 2005 - Catalogue of click - Recunoaştere, biologie, ecologie şi beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of combatere, Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti, 111 pg. Latvia, Proceedings on and 14. VARVARA M., ZAMFIRESCU S., NEACŞU Faunistics of Beetles (Coleoptera) P., 2001 - Lucrări practice de ecologie dedicated to the 100th birthday of the (manual). Ed. Universităţii „Al. I. Latvian entomologist Mihails Stiprais Cuza”, Iaşi, 151 pg. (1905 - 1990), pg 7-28. 15. ZAHARIA (CIUCĂ) L., 2004 - Notă asupra 3. CIORNEI C-TIN, CIUCĂ L., 2002 - The speciilor de elateride (Coleoptera: influence of chemical treatments used Elateridae) colectate în Parcul for root pests control in forest Naţional Piatra Craiului în Tabăra nurseries on the diversity of soil Entomologică 2004, Studii şi fauna, Analele Ştiinţifice ale Comunicări – Ştiinţele Naturii, vol Universităţii „al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, Iaşi, XX, Craiova: 185-188. Tome XLVIII, Ed. Univ. „Al. I. 16. ZAHARIA (CIUCĂ) L., CHIMIŞLIU C., 2004 - Cuza”, pg. 44-55. Catalogul elateridelor (Coleoptera: 4. CIUCĂ L., CIORNEI C-TIN, 2002 - Researches Elateridae) din patrimoniul Secţiei de regarding the spreading of elaterid Ştiinţele Naturii a Muzeului Olteniei, species in forest nurseries from oak Craiova, Studii şi Comunicări – region in Moldova, Analele Ştiinţifice Ştiinţele Naturii, vol XX, Craiova: 152-158.

295

Tab. 1 - The abundance and dominance of elaterids species collected in calculated for each type of grassland ecosystem with respect to altitude Grassland ecosystems No Species meadow forest steppe hill and plateau mountain alpine total A D(%) A D(%) A D(%) A D(%) A D(%) 1. Agrypnus murimus 8 4.91 1 2.33 27 8.88 40 6.22 76 2. Brachygonus megerlei 1 2.331 0.33 2 3. Ampedus rufipnenis 1 0.61 1 4. Ampedus sinuatus 1 0.61 1 2.33 2 5. Ampedus balteatus 1 0.33 1 0.16 2 6. Ampedus nigerrimus 2 0.31 2 7. Ampedus nigroflavus 1 0.16 1 8. Ampedus sanguineus 1 0.33 1 0.16 2 9. Ampedus sanguinolentus 2 0.66 1 0.16 3 10. Ampedus pomorum 4 0.62 4 11. Ampedus elongatulus 1 0.16 1 12. Idolus picipennis 3 0.47 2 10 5 13. Agriotes aterimus 2 0.66 1 0.16 3 14. Agriotes acuminatus 2 0.66 1 0.16 3 15. Agriotes pilosellus 1 0.61 1 2.33 9 2.96 2 0.31 13 16. Agriotes ustulatus 36 22.09 74 24.34 18 2.80 128 17. Agriotes gallicus 9 5.52 3 0.99 3 0.47 15 18. Agriotes lineatus 15 4.93 1 0.16 16 19. Agriotes sputator 13 4.28 6 0.93 19 20. Agriotes brevis 2 1.23 2 21. Agriotes obscurus 1 0.61 1 0.33 5 0.78 7 22. Dalopius marginatus 1 0.33 17 2.64 18 23. Synaptus filiformis 11 25.58 1 0.33 2 0.31 14 24. Adrastus rachifer 1 2.33 1 0.33 2 25. Adrastus limbatus 1 2.331 0.33 2 26. Dicronychus cinereus 3 1.84 3 27. Melanotus brunnipes 4 1.32 1 0.16 5 28. Melanotus rufipes 1 2.33 1 0.33 2 0.31 4 29. Melanotus castanipes 5 11.63 1 0.16 6 30. Melanotus tenebrosus 2 1.23 2 31. Melanotus crassicollis 3 1.84 18 5.92 2 0.31 23 32. Cidnopus pilosus 26 15.95 3 6.98 38 12.50 24 3.73 91 33. Notodes parvulus 1 2.33 5 1.64 1 0.16 7 34. Harminius undulatus 1 0.16 1 35. Hemicrepidius niger 15 9.205 11.6317 5.59 215 33.44 1 5 253 36. Hemicrepidius hirtus 4 2.45 2 4.65 4 1.32 15 2.33 25 37. Crepidophorus mutilatus 1 0.61 1 0.33 6 0.93 8 38. Athous sacheri 1 0.611 2.334 1.32 6 39. Athous haemorrhoidalis 13 7.98 1 2.33 8 2.63 6 0.93 28 40. Athous vittatus 1 2.333 0.99 4 41. Athous subfuscus 1 0.611 2.331 0.33 29 4.51 32 42. Athous zebei 11 1.71 11 43. Athous mollis 4 0.62 4 44. Athous austriacus 1 0.61 3 0.99 8 1.24 1 5 13 45. Athous jejunus 1 0.33 1 46. Athous bicolor 1 0.61 1 2.33 1 0.16 3 47. Athous campyloides 4 2.45 8 2.63 2 0.31 14 48. Dima elateroides 1 0.16 1 49. Ctenicera heyeri 1 2.33 1 0.33 9 1.40 11 50. Ctenicera pectinicornis 8 1.24 8 51. Ctenicera cuprea 1 0.61 1 2.33 164 25.51 14 70 180 52. Ctenicera virens 2 0.31 2 53. Anostirus purpureu 1 0.61 1 0.16 2 54. Actenicerus sjaelandicus 1 0.33 2 0.31 3 55. Selatosomus amplicollis 2 0.66 2 56. Selatosomus aeneus 1 0.61 3 0.47 4 57. Selatosomus gravidus 20 12.27 15 4.93 5 0.78 40 58. Clambus bipustulatus 1 2.33 1 59. Denticolis linearis 1 0.33 1 0.16 2 60. Prosternon tessellatum 6 3.68 1 2.33 13 4.28 8 1.24 2 10 30 Total 163 100 43 100 304 100 643 100 20 100 1173

296

Tab. 2 - The ecological analyses of click beetles species identified in grassland ecosystem from Moldavia and National Park Piatra Craiului

Nr. crt SPECIA A D C W 1. Agrypnus murimus 76 6.48 D4 80 C4 5.18 W4 2. Brachygonus megerlei 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 3. Brachygonus rufipnenis 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 4. Ampedus sinuatus 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 5. Ampedus balteatus 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 6. Ampedus nigerrimus 2 0.17 D1 20 C1 0.03 W1 7. Ampedus nigroflavus 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 8. Ampedus sanguineus 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 9. Ampedus sanguinolentus 3 0.26 D1 40 C2 0.10 W2 10. Ampedus pomorum 4 0.34 D1 20 C1 0.07 W1 11. Ampedus elongatulus 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 12. Idolus picipennis 5 0.43 D1 40 C2 0.17 W2 13. Agriotes aterimus 3 0.26 D1 40 C2 0.10 W2 14. Agriotes acuminatus 3 0.26 D1 40 C2 0.10 W2 15. Agriotes pilosellus 13 1.11 D2 80 C4 0.89 W2 16. Agriotes ustulatus 128 10.91 D5 60 C3 6.55 W4 17. Agriotes gallicus 15 1.28 D2 40 C2 0.51 W2 18. Agriotes lineatus 16 1.36 D2 40 C2 0.55 W2 19. Agriotes sputator 19 1.62 D2 20 C1 0.32 W2 20. Agriotes brevis 2 0.17 D1 60 C3 0.10 W2 21. Agriotes obscurus 7 0.60 D1 60 C3 0.36 W2 22. Dalopius marginatus 18 1.53 D2 40 C2 0.61 W2 23. Synaptus filiformis 14 1.19 D2 60 C3 0.72 W2 24. Adrastus rachifer 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 25. Adrastus limbatus 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 26. Dicronychus cinereus 3 0.26 D1 20 C1 0.05 W1 27. Melanotus brunnipes 5 0.43 D1 40 C2 0.17 W2 28. Melanotus rufipes 4 0.34 D1 60 C3 0.20 W2 29. Melanotus castanipes 6 0.51 D1 40 C2 0.20 W2 30. Melanotus tenebrosus 2 0.17 D1 20 C1 0.03 W1 31. Melanotus crassicollis 23 1.96 D2 60 C1 1.18 W3 32. Cidnopus pilosus 91 7.76 D4 80 C4 6.21 W4 33. Notodes parvulus 7 0.60 D1 60 C3 0.36 W2 34. Harminius undulatus 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 35. Hemicrepidius niger 253 21.57 D5 100 C4 21.57 W5 36. Hemicrepidius hirtus 25 2.13 D3 80 C4 1.71 W3 37. Crepidophorus mutilatus 8 0.68 D1 60 C3 0.41 W2 38. Athous sacheri 6 0.51 D1 30 C2 0.15 W2 39. Athous haemorrhoidalis 28 2.39 D3 80 C4 1.91 W3 40. Athous vittatus 4 0.34 D1 40 C3 0.14 W2 41. Athous subfuscus 32 2.73 D3 80 C4 2.18 W3 42. Athous zebei 11 0.94 D1 20 C1 0.19 W2 43. Athous mollis 4 0.34 D1 20 C1 0.07 W1 44. Athous austriacus 13 1.11 D2 80 C4 0.89 W2 45. Athous jejunus 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 46. Athous bicolor 3 0.26 D1 60 C3 0.15 W2 47. Athous campyloides 14 1.19 D2 60 C3 0.72 W2 48. Dima elateroides 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 49. Ctenicera heyeri 11 0.94 D1 60 C3 0.56 W2 50. Ctenicera pectinicornis 8 0.68 D1 20 C1 0.14 W2

297

Nr. crt SPECIA A D C W 51. Ctenicera cuprea 180 15.35 D5 80 C4 12.28 W5 52. Ctenicera virens 2 0.17 D1 20 C1 0.03 W1 53. Anostirus purpureus 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 54. Actenicerus sjaelandicus 3 0.26 D1 40 C2 0.10 W2 55. Selatosomus amplicollis 2 0.17 D1 20 C1 0.03 W1 56. Selatosomus aeneus 4 0.34 D1 40 C2 0.14 W2 57. Selatosomus latus 40 3.41 D3 60 C3 2.05 W3 58. Clambus bipustulatus 1 0.09 D1 20 C1 0.02 W1 59. Denticolis linearis 2 0.17 D1 40 C2 0.07 W1 60. Prosternon tessellatum 30 2.56 D2 100 C4 2.56 W3 Total 1173

Figure 1 – The dendrogram of Elateridae species identified in grassland ecosystem

298