5 P-04         Aeginetia L. () ,- . Ecology, distribution and life cycle of the Aeginetia L. (Orobanchaceae) in Thailand

;<  = *1  "#$1 %% & 1 '  (   )*( ' 2 Siwachate Chairote* 1 Prasart Kermanee 1 Srunya Vajrodaya 1 and Somkid Siripatanadilok 2

BC D @ *    A *B ' CA D#(#( *' Aeginetia L. G* &( H A'IJ #A % J&A' * JG*  K@ " GL# J  (#( *( (A. indica L.) JG*O( J"* O( J'L OP 'OI '#A J(LDL J  $D *Q*   QA(J*H' 0S1,800   *#"#( * (A. pedunculata Wall.) JJ  $ %L  QA(J*H' 50S1,000  ##(#("#*WK@' (#( *( J(L XD#  *#"#( * JY X*"# X' X * 'Z[\ *D#X  *##Y*"#** CA D#(#( * 2 * ('L* &( A'I(#'J* DLG*#'H'D# " ]*PQLGL#' )*]*O (tubercle) A**A@A %]*(#QD@**"# ( * " #P'A##'#'I(AH* *'Q( * CE E CF: (#( *, Aeginetia , *   , A *B, CA 

ABSTRACT Ecology, distribution and life cycle of Dok din genus Aeginetia L. were studied by surveying from the reported sources in Thailand and explants of every developmental stages were collected. Specimens of the host also were collected for identification. The result revealed that A. indica L. was found in tropical rain forest, dry evergreen forest, bamboo forest, dipterocarp forest and occationally might be found on roadside in limestone areas at 0S1,800 m above sea level. Whilst A. pedunculata Wall. was found in grassland at 50S1,000 m above sea level. Both species bloom in rainy season during July to October. A. indica A. pedunculata คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล distributes มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์in all parts of the country, whereas was found in northern, central, western and west part of north-eastern regions. The life cycle of both species are similar, starting from preconditioning of seed, attachment of seed on the host root, germinates and penetrates a haustorium to connect the host vascular tissue, development of a tubercle, growth of shoot, flowering and seed setting. The ripening fruit dehisces and disperses numerous seeds onto the soil. Keywords: Dok din, Aeginetia , ecology, distribution, life cycle *Corresponding author: [email protected] 1X    $   '   q 10900 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2X  OL $ *  '   q 10900 2Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 1      5 CE E (#( * ]* "G*  Orobanchaceae  15S16 ' 150S200 * ( J &'  L*G*X  *##D## GL ##' *## '* v'*( G* J 2 ' (L ' Aeginetia L.  2 * ( "# (#( *( (A. indica L.) ' #"#( * (A. pedunculata Wall.) '' Christisonia Gardner  1 * ( "# *(# (C. siamensis Craib) (Parnell, 2008) (#( * ]* "J* "GL # (parasitic ) &((Q(B# &Jx( '*HA " GL# (Thorogood et al ., 2009) (#( *]* " GJ HGLD('*'#&yz'' A@K(L (Ke et al. , 1998; Parnell, 2001; Magee and Ahles, 2007; Parnell, 2008; Dor and Hershenhorn, 2009) A@A(]* "J* X holoparasite (Lambers et al. , 1998) (#( *' Aeginetia ]**  "*JL*  $GL]* &J * ' L " #L#J P *&J$ *#A* J (AL*KJA %D# v''I (Auttachoat, 2003) G*D$ (A(#KL*JJXQ L*(L (Auttachoat et al ., 2004) *#A*GL(#( *]*P# (Parnell, 2001, 2008) (#( *]* "  CA '*    **GA v@ G***DL#Q'D#(#( *#Q *L# *K@ Y AAD#(#( *J "GL# ]** (G("#A %#Q  *# G*D$( * "* OG*'(' KL "GL#KQH'A]*P'GL(#( *Q% ** (** @ *    A *B ' CA  D#(#( *A@]**  #* 'GL&*# "*D#(#( *G*

- Q      Aeginetia ,- . @ K * #Q (habitat) &(H A'IJ #D#(#( *  ADL#Q'D# A #'A # $LL' $L(#G* BX$‚ " (L BX$‚ " q      '$ (BK), H**# $L #*  O ' *B "   B '  ('L# (BKF), # $L  *  (IA *AL    ƒ # *   (QBG), # $L X   $   'G คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ (CMU), # $L X   $   'D#** (KKU) '# $L X   $   'D'* * (PSU) '@ ' $XQ G* J  $ J(#( *##Q &(#L# AP* 'DL#Q'D#K* ** A#*  O ' *B " @ * (D# "GL# (host) &(IJ # " GL#(L (QAA( J*D# (#( * ##QJ "* (G( 'L HD(AA( JA*K@'HL*D# "* (** 'L IJ  GJ (# P' *H A#J " #J* (

2      5     Aeginetia ,- . AH A AG* * D#  J@  # $LL' $L(#G* BX$‚ " (BK, BKF, QBG, CMU, KKU, PSU) 'L *HDL#Q'LP* A *BD#(#( *' Aeginetia G*

    Aeginetia ,- . IJ #(#( *A % J& J&(IJGL ( " GL#(L  *H@   )*'LJJP* CA 

S T ;     Aeginetia ,- .   (A. indica ) J(#( *( (Figure 1A) G*O( J"* O( J'L OP 'OI J#A J(LDL  K**J  $D *Q* J  QA(J*H' 0S1,800  ##(#("#*WK@ ** G*  '('  $Z* ' (P'("#*'K@ A *

T ; U,VW  (#( *( KJ*D# "#" *(L'* (  A]*LL* L'L' "#LL '"# A@  J "GL#D#(#( *(G*X B 10 * ( G* 7  KJ* ((L 8 * ( 'KJ* ((L 2 * ( (* *]( (Apocynaceae) J 1 * ( "# L* ( Aganosma marginata (Roxb.) G. Don) ( (Clusiaceae) J 1 * ( "#   (Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer) '# (Dioscoreaceae) J 4 * ( "# *( (Dioscorea birmanica Prain & Burkill), ** (D. hamiltonii Hook. f.), *(H (D. kratica Prain & Burkill) ''# (D. hispida Dennst.)  (Dipterocarpaceae) J 1 * ( "# I (Shorea obtusa Wall.) %L (Poaceae) J 1 * ( "# %L I (Vietnamosasa pusilla (A. Chev. & A. Camus) T. Q. Nguyen) "#( (Symplocaceae) J 1 * ( "# "#( (Symplocos sp.) ' D  (Zingiberaceae) J 1 * ( "# DL   (Globba sp.) คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ UX (A. pedunculata ) J#"#( * (Figure 1B) G*OP'%L J  QA(J*H' 50S1,000  ##(#("#*WK@' v@ ]*  (QZ*

3      5 T ; U,VW  #"#( * KJ*D# "#" *(LAH( &( *G%]*L'L' A@  J "GL#D##"#( *G*X B   1  (L %L AH* * 3 * ( "# %LD*JL (Apocopis courtallumensis (Steud.) Henrard), %LDL O (Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning & Sosef) '%L**#* (Paspalum orbiculare G. Forst.)

A B Figure 1 A. indica (A) and A. pedunculata (B) in natural habitat.

    Aeginetia ,- .   A@  J (#( *(KD@*(L XD# X*"# J ( A (G X *##Y*"# J ( A (#J'B* X' J ( A ( J X * J ( A (%A*J X *## J ( A (A*J 'A ( # G* *D#XGL * JY J  $XGL#*J* A (  'A ( ** J  $ A *B*** ( (L J  $X*"##*J* (Figure 2A) คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ UX A@  J#"#( *J  $X*"# X' X * 'Z[\ *D#X  *##Y*"#** * JG*X *## 'XGL G* *D#X*"# J ( A (G X * J ( A (%A*J X' J ( A (' J G* * D#X *##Y*"# J A (D#** 'A (XQ ** (Figure 2B)

4      5

A B Figure 2 Distribution of A. indica (A) and A. pedunculata (B) in Thailand.

    Aeginetia ,- .   CA D#(#( *( A'I(  #QG*( ***DLŠ " #DL (QZ* *HAL*GL 'I(#'J* (haustorium) DLG**"#" ##'H'*H'# (vascular bundle) D#  " ]*PQLGL# A**A@ )*]*O (tubercle)  'I " *## ' A %]*&L D#(#QD@**"#( * G**A JA %D#  (adventitious root)  " #HA*&L '  D( KG*(Q(v@''H'*H " #(#J*' (P''L P'A##* DIJD# Z[ (septicidal capsule) '#'I('Q( *'DLQ  'A#G*ŠK( (Figure 3)

UX CA D##"#( * A'I(  #QG*( ***DLŠ " #DL (QZ* *HAL*GL'I( #'J*DLG**"#" ##'H'*H'#D#คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์  " ]*PQLGL# A**A@ )*]* O ' $P J 'L A@A %]*&LD#(#QD@**"#( * &(A JA %D#   " # HA*&L ' D( KG*(Q(v@''H'*H " #(#J*' (P''L P'A ##* ' Q (loculicidal capsule) '#'I('Q( *'DLQ  'A#G*ŠK( (Figure 4)

5      5

Seed Ripening fruit

Flowering Seed germination

Tubercle formation Developing shoot

Figure 3 A diagram showing life cycle of A. indica

Ripening fruit Seed

Seed germination Flowering คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์

Tubercle formation

Developing shoot

Figure 4 A diagram showing life cycle of A. pedunculata

6      5  QS T ; (#( *G* ]* " "*' JG*O( J"* O( J'L OP 'OI   "*Q J(LO@J'O& #* J#A J(LDL K**J  $D *Q* G*  *D##"#( * JG*J  $%L  "*Q'* v@ #('L#J*D# Parnell (2001, 2008) (#( * 2 * ( ##(#G* ("#*W K@("#*' v@ J (QZ*G*  #('L#J*D# Auttachoat (2003) @ * (D# " GL#D#(#( *( JQJJD# "GL#  *G%]*LL* ' LK'"# *  *L'L' J  1 * (**  *#"#( * JQJJD# "GL#]*L'L' ]* " %L( I "J* ( KJ* ((L*" #A  ' IJ #** " ]*PQLGL #**##(# A@KJ* ((L @  CA D#(#( *' Aeginetia G* J  2 * (  CA  'L'@* &('A'I(#'J*DLG* "GL#'L ALO #('L#J@ D# Luque et al . (2008) ' Xie et al . (2010) ' J )*D#  v@  #('L#J@ D# Yoneyama et al. (2010) @   G* '@**L#@ ' $ $Ž*' XD# * G*D#A %#J*

 - (#( *( ( L.) D@*#QG*O( J"* O( J'L OP 'OI   QA (J*H' 0S1,800   *D##"#( * (A. pedunculata Wall.)  JG*J  $%L   QA (J*H' 50S1,000  (#( *(K J(L XD#  *#"#( * J(LJ  $ X*"# X' X * 'Z[\ *D#X *##Y*"#** (#( * 2 * ( A##(#("#*WK@' v@ J (QZ*D# CA D#(#( * 2 * (**'L'@*&( A'I(#'J*DLG* *"#" ##'H'*H'#D# " ]*PQLGL# ' )*]*O A**A@A %]*&L D#(#QD@**"#( * " # (P''L P'A##'#'I('Q( *'A  #QA*K@ŠK(

คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์

7      5   W  Auttachoat, W. 2003. Study of Immunotoxicological Effects of Dok Din Daeng ( Aeginetia indica Roxb.). Ph.D. Thesis, Suranaree University of Technology. ______, B. Chitsomboon, V.L. Peachee, T.L. Guo and K.L. White, Jr. 2004. Immunomodulation by Dok Din Daeng ( Aeginetia indica Roxb.) extracts in female B6C3F1 mice: II. Humoral immunity, innate immunity and hematology. Internat. Immunophamacol. 4: 1381-1390. Dor, E. and J. Hershenhorn. 2009. Evaluation of the pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated from Egyptian broomrape ( Orobanche aegyptiaca ) in Israel. Weed Biol. Manage. 9: 200-208. Ke, L.D., Z. Zhiyun and N.N. Tzvelev. 1998. Orobanchaceae. Flora of China 18: 229-243. Lambers, H., F.S. Chappin III and T.L. Pons. 1998. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York. Luque, A.P.D., M.T. Moreno and D. Rubiales. 2008. Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): Defence reactions and mechanisms of resistance. Ann. Appl. Biol. 152: 131-141. Magee, D.W. and H.E. Ahles. 2007. Flora of The Northeast . 2nd ed. C&C Offset Printing Co., Ltd., New York. Parnell, J. 2001. A revision of Orobanchaceae in Thailand. Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 29: 72-80. ______. 2008. Orobanchaceae, pp. 143-147. In T. Santisuk and K. Larsen, eds. Flora of Thailand. Vol. 9 part 2. Prachachon Co. Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand. Thorogood, C.J., F.J. Rumsey and S.J. Hiscock. 2009. Seed viability determination in parasitic broomrapes ( Orobanche and Phelipanche ) using fluorescein diacetate staining. Weed Res. 49: 461-468. Xie, X., K. Yoneyama and K. Yoneyama. 2010. The strigolactone story. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 48: 93-117. Yoneyama, K., A.A. Awad, X. Xie, K. Yoneyama and Y. Takeuchi. 2010. Strigolactones as germination Stimulants for root parasitic plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 51: 1095-1103. คลังความรู้ดิจิทัล มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์

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