Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Neurodevelopmental Disorder
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Parents Guide to ADHD
Parents Guide to ADHD Copyright 2016. Child Mind Institute Parents Guide to ADHD Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) find it unusually difficult to concentrate on tasks, to pay attention, to sit still and to control impulsive behavior. This guide offers parents the information you need to understand the behaviors associated with the disorder and make effective decisions for your child about diagnosis and treatment. What Is ADHD? Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a condition that makes it unusually difficult for children to concentrate, to pay attention, to sit still, to follow directions and to control impulsive behavior. While all young children are at times distractible, restless and oblivious to parents’ and teachers’ instructions, kids with ADHD behave this way much more often than other children their age. And their inability to settle down, focus and follow through on tasks in age-appropriate ways makes it very hard for them to do what’s expected of them at school. It can also lead to conflict at home and difficulty getting along with peers. Symptoms of ADHD Symptoms of ADHD are divided into two groups: inattentive behaviors and hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Inattentive symptoms of ADHD: — Makes careless mistakes — Is easily distracted — Doesn’t seem to be listening when spoken to directly — Has difficulty following instructions — Has trouble organizing — Avoids or dislikes sustained effort — Is forgetful, always losing things Child Mind Institute | Page 2 Parents Guide to ADHD Hyperactive or impulsive symptoms of ADHD: — Fidgeting or squirming, trouble staying in one place or waiting his turn Kids who have inattentive — Excessive running and climbing symptoms may start to — Trouble playing quietly struggle in the middle of — Extreme impatience elementary school, when — Always seems to be “on the go” or “driven by a motor” it becomes increasingly — Excessive talking or interrupting, blurting out answers difficult for them to Some children exhibit only the first group of symptoms, and some exhibit keep up. -
Autism Entangled – Controversies Over Disability, Sexuality, and Gender in Contemporary Culture
Autism Entangled – Controversies over Disability, Sexuality, and Gender in Contemporary Culture Toby Atkinson BA, MA This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sociology Department, Lancaster University February 2021 1 Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in substantially the same form for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. Furthermore, I declare that the word count of this thesis, 76940 words, does not exceed the permitted maximum. Toby Atkinson February 2021 2 Acknowledgements I want to thank my supervisors Hannah Morgan, Vicky Singleton, and Adrian Mackenzie for the invaluable support they offered throughout the writing of this thesis. I am grateful as well to Celia Roberts and Debra Ferreday for reading earlier drafts of material featured in several chapters. The research was made possible by financial support from Lancaster University and the Economic and Social Research Council. I also want to thank the countless friends, colleagues, and family members who have supported me during the research process over the last four years. 3 Contents DECLARATION ......................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. 3 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. 9 PART ONE: ........................................................................................ -
Sensory Processing Disorder and Occupational Therapy
Running head: SENSORY PROCESSING DISORDER AND OCCUPATIONAL 1 Sensory Processing Disorder and Occupational Therapy (Persuasive Essay) ENGL 2201 East Carolina University SENSORY PROCESSING DISORDER AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 2 Sensory Processing Disorder is a condition that causes hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity among its victims. Many people who suffer from Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) also have other disabilities such as autism, ADHD, and other cognitive disorders. According to The Professional Counselor, approximately 5-17% of the population has symptoms of SPD (Goodman-Scott & Lambert, 2015. p. 274). There has been an ongoing debate among medical professionals on whether SPD should be considered its own disorder. Currently in the DSM-V, SPD is not classified as its own disorder because these symptoms are often accompanied by other cognitive disorders. Even though SPD is not in the DSM-V it is still imperative that these individuals seek treatment for their symptoms. For the last 50 years, occupational therapists have been studying this disorder, and formulating treatment plans to help relieve symptoms (Goodman-Scott, & Lambert, 2015. p. 274). Occupational therapists goal is to improve a patient’s quality of life by using individualized, evidence based treatment plans. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, occupational therapy is considered the main form of treatment for symptoms of SPD because it is noted in the DSM-V as a symptom of autism (Critz, Blake, & Nogueira, 2015. p. 711). Some of the treatment plans occupational therapists use to relieve symptoms of SPD among their patients are sensory integration programs, sensory diets, floortime therapy, and self-management programs. This article argues for the effectiveness of the treatment methods implemented by occupational therapists on individuals with symptoms of SPD. -
Becoming Autistic: How Do Late Diagnosed Autistic People
Becoming Autistic: How do Late Diagnosed Autistic People Assigned Female at Birth Understand, Discuss and Create their Gender Identity through the Discourses of Autism? Emily Violet Maddox Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................................... -
State of Research on Potential Environmental Health Factors with Autism and Related Neurodevelopment Disorders
S. HRG. 111–1248 STATE OF RESEARCH ON POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH FACTORS WITH AUTISM AND RELATED NEURODEVELOPMENT DISORDERS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION AUGUST 3, 2010 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 23–574 PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION BARBARA BOXER, California, Chairman MAX BAUCUS, Montana JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVID VITTER, Louisiana BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont MIKE CRAPO, Idaho AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee TOM UDALL, New Mexico JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon KIRSTEN GILLIBRAND, New York ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania BETTINA POIRIER, Staff Director RUTH VAN MARK, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota, Chairman TOM UDALL, New Mexico LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon DAVID VITTER, Louisiana ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma (ex officio) BARBARA BOXER, California (ex officio) (II) CONTENTS Page AUGUST 3, 2010 OPENING STATEMENTS Klobuchar, Hon. Amy, U.S. Senator from the State of Minnesota ..................... -
The Diagnosis of Autism: from Kanner to DSM‑III to DSM‑5 and Beyond
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04904-1 S:I AUTISM IN REVIEW: 1980-2020: 40 YEARS AFTER DSM-III The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM‑III to DSM‑5 and Beyond Nicole E. Rosen1 · Catherine Lord1 · Fred R. Volkmar2,3 Accepted: 27 January 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract In this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on the feld of autism—both in terms of clinical work and research. We summarize the events leading up to the inclusion of autism as a “new” ofcial diagnostic category in DSM-III, the subsequent revisions of the DSM, and the impact of the ofcial recognition of autism on research. We discuss the uses of categorical vs. dimensional approaches and the continuing tensions around broad vs. narrow views of autism. We also note some areas of current controversy and directions for the future. Keywords Autism · History · Dimensional · Categorical · DSM It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner’s (1943) frst described by Kanner has changed across the past few classic description of infantile autism. Ofcial recognition of decades. When we refer to the concept in general, we will this condition took almost 40 years; several lines of evidence use the term autism, and when we refer to particular, ear- became available in the 1970s that demonstrated the valid- lier diagnostic constructs, we will use more specifc terms ity of the diagnostic concept, clarifed early misperceptions like autism spectrum disorder, infantile autism, and autistic about autism, and illustrated the need for clearer approaches disorder. -
Educational Inclusion for Children with Autism in Palestine. What Opportunities Can Be Found to Develop Inclusive Educational Pr
EDUCATIONAL INCLUSION FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN PALESTINE. What opportunities can be found to develop inclusive educational practice and provision for children with autism in Palestine; with special reference to the developing practice in two educational settings? by ELAINE ASHBEE A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Education University of Birmingham November 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Amendments to names used in thesis The Amira Basma Centre is now known as Jerusalem Princess Basma Centre Friends Girls School is now known as Ramallah Friends Lower School ABSTRACT This study investigates inclusive educational understandings, provision and practice for children with autism in Palestine, using a qualitative, case study approach and a dimension of action research together with participants from two educational settings. In addition, data about the wider context was obtained through interviews, visits, observations and focus group discussions. Despite the extraordinarily difficult context, education was found to be highly valued and Palestinian educators, parents and decision–makers had achieved impressive progress. The research found that autism is an emerging field of interest with a widespread desire for better understanding. -
Sensory Issues for New Diagnosis and New Residents on Cleveland’S West Side
Connecting for Kids: Resource Guides Sensory Issues For new diagnosis and new residents on Cleveland’s west side Whether your child is newly diagnosed, you have recently moved to the west side, or you are looking for more information to augment your child’s services, we’re here to help. This resource guide will help you connect with some of the most critical information, services, and support you’ll need when dealing with sensory issues. TIP: Click the links or globe icons to go directly to provider web pages. About Sensory Issues Local Medical Resources Typically, our senses (touch, taste, smell, sight, Sensory issues are often treated by licensed hearing, vestibular and proprioceptive) work occupational therapists (OT), but the treatment together to give us all the information we need to team may include physical therapists (PT) and live, work and play. But in some people, certain speech/language pathologists (SLP) as well. senses are too intense (hyper-sensitive) or not When choosing an OT to work with your child, be intense enough (hypo-sensitive). The result of sure to ask if s/he has experience with SPD and one or more senses being over or under-tuned how that experience drives the therapy plan leads to problems processing sensory (often called a “sensory diet”). information. The SPD Treatment Directory Children with hyper or hyposensitivities can have Online directory of professionals and services problems with some of the following: maintained by The SPD Foundation. Also includes OTs who have completed the SPDF mentorship Over-sensitive to touch, noise, smells, program. other people 1-303-794-1182 Difficulty dressing, eating, sleeping www.spdfoundation.net and/or toilet training Clumsy; poor motor skills; weak Frequent or long temper tantrums Easily distracted, fidgety, craves Organizations movement; aggressive SPD Foundation Easily overwhelmed World leader in research, education and Always on the go; impulsive; awareness for sensory processing disorder. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Social
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Social Justice and Autism: Links to Personality and Advocacy A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education by Steven Kenneth Kapp 2016 © Copyright by Steven Kenneth Kapp 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Social Justice and Autism: Links to Personality and Advocacy by Steven Kenneth Kapp Doctor of Philosophy in Education University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Connie L. Kasari, Chair Autism’s history as an independent condition may originate from “autistic psychopathy”, but autism and psychopathy may entail opposite patterns of personality. Autism may incline people toward moral intuitions in the dimensions of care, loyalty, authority, sanctity, and especially fairness. Yet these may play an unconscious and visceral role that in combination with difficulties with moral reasoning and the understanding of one’s own and others’ emotional and mental states, reduces self- and other awareness of autistic people’s moral drives. Conversely, psychopathic people may have low moral values (particularly for care and fairness), yet usually strong moral reasoning skills, cognitive empathy, and mentalizing abilities. This contrast adds to the literature in part through emphasizing basic sensory and motor differences, in transaction with the social environment and life experience, as underlying these personality-relevant ii distinctions between autism and psychopathy. It thus attempts to embody both conditions, with the understanding that all behavior involves motor activity, and to think of both conditions as neurodevelopmental in their origins and early trajectories. Such an analysis raises the importance of strengths, as a matter of individual differences as well as influences from the environment, that can help to distinguish and even cause the conditions. -
MHN Summer 2006 Issue
MENTAL HEALTH NEWSTM YOUR TRUSTED SOURCE OF INFORMATION, EDUCATION, ADVOCACY AND RESOURCES SUMMER 2006 FROM THE LOCAL, STATE, AND NATIONAL NEWS SCENE VOL. 8 NO. 3 Understanding and Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders National Institute social overtures, something is wrong. Re- of Mental Health (NIMH) search has shown that parents are usually correct about noticing developmental prob- lems, although they may not realize the spe- ot until the middle of the twen- cific nature or degree of the problem. tieth century was there a name The pervasive developmental disor- for a disorder that now appears ders, or autism spectrum disorders, range N to affect an estimated one of from a severe form, called autistic disor- every five hundred children, a disorder der, to a milder form, Asperger syndrome. that causes disruption in families and un- If a child has symptoms of either of these fulfilled lives for many children. In 1943 disorders, but does not meet the specific Dr. Leo Kanner of the Johns Hopkins criteria for either, the diagnosis is called Hospital studied a group of 11 children pervasive developmental disorder not and introduced the label early infantile otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Other autism into the English language. At the rare, very severe disorders that are in- same time a German scientist, Dr. Hans cluded in the autism spectrum disorders Asperger, described a milder form of the are Rett syndrome and childhood disinte- disorder that became known as Asperger grative disorder. syndrome. Thus these two disorders were described and are today listed in the Diag- What Are nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental The Autism Spectrum Disorders? Disorders DSM-IV-TR (fourth edition, text revision) as two of the five pervasive be reliably detected by the age of 3 years, unusual behaviors in their child. -
The Autism Spectrum Information Booklet
The Autism Spectrum Information Booklet A GUIDE FOR VICTORIAN FAMILIES Contents What is Autism? 2 How is Autism Diagnosed? 4 Acronyms and Glossary 6 Common Questions and Answers 7 What does Amaze do? 11 Funding and Service Options 12 Helpful Websites 14 National Disability Insurance Scheme 16 Suggested Reading 18 This booklet has been compiled by Amaze to provide basic information about autism from a number of perspectives. It is a starting point for people with a recent diagnosis, parents/carers of a newly diagnosed child or adult, agencies, professionals and students learning about the autism spectrum for the first time. Once you have read this information package, contact Amaze if you have any other questions or you require more information. 1 What is Autism? Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that causes substantial impairments in social interaction and communication and is characterised by restrictive and repetitive behaviours and interests. People on the autism spectrum may be affected in the following ways: Social Interaction IN CHILDREN IN CHILDREN May display indifference Does not play with other children Joins in only if adult assists & insists People on the autism spectrum may not appear to be interested in joining in with others, or they may want to join in but not know how. Their attempts to respond to social contact may appear repetitive or odd. Alternatively, they may be ‘too social’, such as showing affection to strangers. In general, people on the autism spectrum often have poor social skills and difficulty understanding unwritten social rules. They often lack understanding of acceptable social behaviour. -
Sensory Processing Disorder
Sensory Processing Disorder Jordan cries because his shoes are too tight or his socks are too scratchy; he hates the playground and the sand. Sarah doesn’t seem to know where she’s going and bumps into things; she’s tired all the time and mostly sits around at school. James is constantly fiddling with something, tapping his feet, or chewing his shirt; he wants to touch everything. Their extreme reactions to their environment could be signs of a sensory processing disorder. What It Is: Sensory processing disorder is “the inability to use information received through the senses in order to function smoothly in daily life” (Kranowtiz, p. 9). Five percent (or 1 in 20) of all children may experience enough difficulty handling the information they receive through their senses (vision, hearing, • Be under-responsive (tolerate unusual touch, taste, smell, movement and body pain, don’t notice obstacles, are awareness) to affect their daily lives. unaware of unpleasant smells). Children with a • Crave more intense sensory experiences sensory processing disorder may (like to play in mud, move constantly, • Be over-sensitive to their surroundings like being squeezed hard). (complain that lights are too bright or • These children may also have trouble clothes are too scratchy, over-react to noise). making friends or being part of a group. continued on back page EARLY CHILDHOOD MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS! EARLY CHILDHOOD MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS! • They may seem clumsy, disruptive and out of control. • Most of these children are not intellectually delayed, but their brains are wired differently. Some but certainly not all children with a sensory processing disorder also have some form of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.