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Home , Hubert von Herkomer, John Morley, Joseph Edgar Boehm, Life Peer, Richard Copley Christie

THE ART OF CHRISTIE’S BISTRO The Art of Christie’s Bistro

he Christie building was built in 1898 as a library. T It was designed by in a neo-gothic .

The building houses busts and paintings relating to the history of the University, and features a stained- glass memorial window of the building’s namesake, Richard Copley Christie.

The art of Christie’s bistro is an important part of the University’s heritage. This booklet introduces the subjects, the artists, and their stories.

The University Collections

he University of holds The Collections are diverse and include: dominance of certain groups throughout our a important place in history. The • Paintings and sculpture, including a large history. For example, women have historically T city of Manchester helped to amount of portraiture of key figures; not held as many senior positions as they do shape the modern world and the University today, in part because a marriage bar prevented • The University’s public art collection; of Manchester, from its origins in workers’ women from pursuing successful careers until education, medical schools and Owens • Ceremonial and decorative objects the 1950s. In addition, as elsewhere in society, College has been a major part of that related to the University, including black and minority ethnic figures have been history. The University was the first and silverware and gowns; particularly poorly represented within the most eminent of the civic universities, and • Scientific instruments and apparatus, institution’s elite positions. our founders forged liberal and progressive including the Museum of Medicine values that have allowed us to do things and Health; On 1st July 2010, the University appointed differently: to think freely, challenge social Dame Nancy Rothwell as its first female leader • Clothing, such as historic University blazers, and intellectual boundaries, and make a real and, in June 2015, students voted for Lemn sports kit and medals difference across the world. Many of the Sissay MBE to become the University’s first black Chancellor. In due course, portraits of world’s most influential thinkers have been The University Collections enable us to tell these figures will be added to the University part of our intellectual community, creating stories of our people, places, values and Collections and installed in this space. Their an ethos that has resonated through time achievements, fostering knowledge exchange images will inspire our staff, students and and across the globe. with communities beyond campus and visitors in the future. forming the basis of powerful object-based The University Collections are the art and learning experiences. Embedded across our historic artefact collections that represent the By purchasing a copy of this document, you physical and digital environment, this tangible institutional, disciplinary, social and cultural are helping us to conserve our unique material heritage underpins the distinctive University history of the and its heritage for current and future generations. of Manchester identity, community and predecessor institutions. These Collections If you would like to support this work further, learning experience. are held across campus, and are separate from you can donate at the Manchester Museum, the Whitworth and The University today is a diverse institution, but www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history- the University of Manchester Library. this was not always the case. Our University heritage/contribute/ Heritage Collections clearly document the

2 3 Richard Copley Christie

Richard Copley Christie (1830- the Renaissance and, in 1880, he published Christie was named one of three trustees 1901) was an educationist, a major study of , a scholar, of Sir , who stipulated T scholar and barrister. The son printer and religious martyr who was known in his will that his estate should be used to of a Manchester mill owner, Christie as ‘the First Martyr of the Renaissance’. support his philanthropic interests. Owens obtained a degree in Law and History at Christie donated his collection of 75,000 College was judged to have a primary claim Lincoln College, Oxford in 1853. After his books, now known as the ‘Christie on the estate left by Whitworth, which was graduation, at only 23 years of age, he was Collection’ to the College. Now housed valued at over half a million pounds. Christie appointed Professor of Ancient and Modern at the University’s John Rylands Library used a proportion of the funds allocated History at the newly-founded Owens on Deansgate, the Christie Collection is for him to distribute for the construction College, Manchester. The following year, notable for containing rare, early printed of , which completed the Christie was appointed the Faulkner chair of books from the Renaissance. quadrangle of Owens College. Inspired by Political Economy and Commercial Science his wife Helen’s philanthropic concerns, and, in 1855, he was also made the chair of Christie was a constant supporter of higher Christie also gave funds for the creation Jurisprudence and Law. education and continued to be involved of the ‘Cancer Pavilion’, a specialist cancer in promoting Owens College throughout hospital in Withington, which opened in Christie aspired to pursue a legal career, his life. Although the growth of his legal 1892. He took an active role in the hospital, and he was admitted as a student of practice caused Christie to resign from his which continues as an active cancer Lincoln’s Inn whilst working at Owens chairs, he continued to play an important research and treatment facility. College. He was called to the bar in 1857, role in the College’s development. Christie and immediately commenced practice in advocated for the reconstitution of the In 1895, Richard Copley Christie gifted Manchester as an equity draughtsman and College as a university, and was a member Owens College the funds for a new library. conveyancer. This was highly successful, of the Board of Trustees and the College The Christie Library opened in 1898. was and continually grew until his retirement. Council. In these capacities, he took a major named after Christie in recognition of his Alongside his legal practice, he held a role in the growth of the college and its gift and his lifelong service to the university. position as Chancellor of the Diocese of incorporation with the College of the Royal Manchester. Manchester School of Medicine. Christie also had a keen interest in teaching evening Even when his law firm’s success meant he classes, and was on the committee of no longer had time for teaching, Christie Manchester Working Men’s College at the continued to study. He was fascinated by Mechanics’ Institution.

4 5 Plans for the Christie Building, c.1890

The Christie Library was unveiled by the of Devonshire in 1898. Upon opening, the library continued to receive significant donations of books, including the Bishop of Manchester Prince Lee’s personal collection of books in theology and history numbering 7,000 volumes, and ’s collections of 4,000 volumes on chemistry. The Library also received monetary donations to purchase books, including from Charles James Darbishire, Mayor of Bolton, and writer Elizabeth Gaskell. Richard Copley Christie personally donated 75,000 volumes to the Library from his own collection, including many rare Renaissance texts. The Christie The Library served all University faculties, with the exception of medicine, until a Building dedicated Arts Library was constructed in 1937. The Christie Building then held the he Christie Building University’s principle scientific and medical opened in 1898 as a library book collections until 1982, when they were T for the Victoria University, moved to an extension of the Main Library a predecessor to the University of on Burlington Street. Many of the medieval Manchester, using funds gifted by manuscripts and rare books that were held Richard Copley Christie. here remain in the University’s possession, and are now housed in the John Rylands Library, on Deansgate. Plans

The Old Library, John Christie Library Interior Owens Building, 1897 In recent years, parts of the Christie Building have been used as office Before the Christie Building was space for University staff. Following constructed, the University library the construction and extension of the was located in what is now known as University’s Main Library in the 1980s, the John Owens building. Following the Christie Library was converted several generous donations of into Christie’s Bistro. Today it is one of library collections from benefactors, the University’s most historic spaces, it was clear that dedicated library steeped in the institution’s history and accommodation was required, character. and construction on the ‘Christie Library’ began in 1895.

The Library was built in three years at the cost of just over £21,000. It was designed by architect Alfred Waterhouse, who also designed all of the buildings around the Old Quadrangle with the exception of the Whitworth Building, which was designed in collaboration with his son Paul. Waterhouse was famous for his gothic architectural style, and his portfolio also included notable buildings such as the Manchester Town Hall and the Natural History Museum in London.

6 Old Library Interior 7 Woolton Stopford Moberly Armitage

Morely Lindsay Greenwood Scott Jevons

Unknown

Neild

Harris

Ward Faulkner

Gilbert Richmond King Cooper Sadler Christie Edward VII Unknown Smith

Busts

Paintings

8 9 Sir Mark Henry Richmond

ir Mark Henry Richmond (1931-) is a researcher in molecular S biology and bacteriology. Born in Sydney, Australia, Richmond was educated in Britain. After studying biochemistry at Clare College, Cambridge, Richmond worked at the National Institute of Medical Research before being Alan Gilbert appointed reader of molecular biology at the University of Edinburgh. lan Gilbert (1944-2010) was a historian and university Richmond then moved to the University of Bristol to take up a post as administrator. Professor of Bacteriology, where he studied staphylococcal plasmids and A Gilbert studied history at the Australian National University in antibiotic resistance. In 1976, he received the Robert Koch Medal for his Canberra and obtained a D.Phil from the . In 1973 he work. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1980, and was was appointed Lecturer in History at the University of New South knighted in 1986. where he established a reputation as an historian in the socio-economic Richmond led the University as Vice-Chancellor from 1981 to 1990. During and religious history of modern Britain and Australia. this time, he promoted administrative and academic restructuring in Gilbert was appointed Professor of History at the University of New South light of the stringent economies required of the University in the 1980s. Wales in 1981. In the following decade, Gilbert served as Vice-Chancellor He placed great emphasis on reinvigorating research performance, of the universities of Tasmania and Melbourne. particularly in the sciences and medicine. Gilbert was appointed President and Vice-Chancellor of the University This portrait was painted by Trevor Stubley (page X) of Manchester in 2004, which was formed the same year through the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). Gilbert led the new University until he retired in 2010. The Alan Gilbert Learning Commons is named after him in recognition of his services and acheivements. This portrait was painted by Peter Edwards (page X) 10 11 George Faulkner Frederick James Marquis, First Lord of Woolton

eorge Faulkner (c.1790-1862) was a successful industrialist and rederick James Marquis (1883-1964) of the party’s organisation and financial structure honours, and finally to in the 1955 New Year’s philanthropist, commonly regarded as one of the founders of the was a politician and businessman. as party chairman. He served in Churchill’s Honours list. University of Manchester. cabinet as Minister for Food and Agriculture and, G F Marquis was born in Salford and This portrait was painted by Sir Herbert James later, as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He Faulkner made his fortune in Manchester’s cotton industry. Born on educated at Manchester Grammar School. He Gunn, 1939 (page X) was elevated to in the 1953 coronation Oldham Street in Manchester, George Faulkner entered business as a silk hoped to read classics at Cambridge, but his and cotton spinner with his cousin in 1812. In 1825, Faulkner and his close parents’ financial circumstances meant that he friend and business partner John Owens built a profitable cotton mill in the attended the University of Manchester instead. Ancoats area of Manchester. Marquis graduated in 1906 with a combination When John Owens died in 1846, he bequeathed nearly £100,000 to science degree in mathematics, chemistry, and establish a university college in Manchester. As one of the executors physics. of Owens’ will, Faulkner was charged with the task of overseeing the Whilst he was a student at Manchester, Marquis establishment of the college, which became known as Owens College, developed a lifelong interest in poverty which one of the predecessors of the University of Manchester. During his life, led him to a varied career that included elements Faulkner also subscribed generously to local hospitals and served as of academia, business and charity work. Whilst deputy treasurer of Manchester Royal Infirmary. working as senior mathematics master at a Faulkner supervised the difficult early years of the College, serving as its Burnley grammar school, he produced several first chairman between 1846 and 1858. He also endowed the Faulkner studies of poverty and labour mobility based Chair of Political Economy and the Wellington scholarship for the study of on his experiences. For this work on poverty, the Greek text of the New Testament. David Alexander Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford Marquis was appointed research fellow in economics at the University of Manchester This portrait was painted by Benjamin Rawlinson Faulkner, 1838 (page X) in 1910. Thereafter, he managed projects in avid Alexander Lindsay Balfour and his Conservative ruling Liverpool aimed at addressing poverty through (1871-1940) was a elite. The detailed diaries he kept a combination of practical assistance and Conservative politician have become valuable historical D opportunities for ‘self-help’. and an art connoisseur. sources for the study of Edwardian politics. During the First World War, Marquis used his David Lindsay was the eldest of expertise to help organise requisition and the six sons of James Ludovic After his retirement from politics distribution of essential materials such as boot Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford and in 1922, David Lindsay (now Lord leather. Once the war was over, he joined the 9th Earl of Balcarres (1847–1913). Crawford) established a second successful department store Lewis’s, proving An astronomer, collector, and career in the arts. He had taken himself to be a successful businessman. bibliophile, James Lindsay sold an interest in the administration Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, he played his extraordinary manuscript of the arts early in his career. His a key role as mediator between business and collection to Enriqueta Rylands, attack on the maladministration government through membership of the which became one of the founding of the South Kensington Museum advisory councils of the Overseas Development collections of The John Rylands led to the creation of the Victoria Committee, the Board of Trade and the General Library. and Albert Museum in 1899, and Post Office. In recognition of his public service in 1900 he introduced an Ancient The Lindsays were an ancient and business acumen, Marquis was awarded a Monuments Protection Act. family who initially resided in Fife, knighthood in 1935. Following his retirement from . However, during the politics he became deeply involved At the outbreak of the Second World War, Marquis 1790s the family were forced to sell in British art. He was chairman advised the government on war preparations. their land in order to settle debts of the National Art Collections In order to allow him to conduct high-level and they moved to Haigh Hall in Fund, the Royal Literary Fund, the administrative work for the government he was Wigan. The Lindsays revived their Council for the Preservation of ennobled, and took the name of Woolton, an fortunes as major coal merchants Rural and as President affluent Liverpool suburb, for his title. In 1940, and also built up a large and of the Society of Antiquaries. In he was appointed to head the Ministry of Food, valuable collection of books. The 1925, the Crawford Committee on and he became a well-known national figure Bibliotheca Lindesiana was the last Broadcasting recommended the during the war due to his regular radio broadcasts great private library in Britain. formation of the BBC as a public encouraging the population to accept rationing David Lindsay was elected as a monopoly. and make the best of the food available. Most Conservative MP for Chorley, famously, he gave his name to the ‘Woolton pie’, a Lindsay was Chancellor of the in 1895 and held a dish designed to maximize the use of vegetables Victoria University of Manchester number of important political and leftovers. from 1923, and served in this post posts, including chief whip of until 1940. Marquis was appointed Chancellor of the Victoria the Conservative party, until his University of Manchester in 1944, serving in succession to the peerage in 1913. This portrait was painted by Sir the role until 1964. Soon after he joined the He was closely associated with A.J. Herbert James Gunn (page X) Conservative Party, and undertook major reforms 12 13 Lord Stopford of Fallowfield

ohn Sebastian Bach Stopford researched and treated from 1934 until 1956. He oversaw a that Stopford and the University Stopford (1888-1961) gunshot wounds and nerve major expansion of the University head porter would watch their J was an anatomist and damage sustained by soldiers which saw the number of students favourite Manchester football university administrator. and continued to see patients in a double and his leadership abilities team together on most Saturday follow-up clinic for ten years after Stopford studied medicine at led to him becoming the chair afternoons. the war. In 1927, Stopford was of the General Medical Council the University between 1906 Stopford received the freedom of elected as a Fellow of the Royal and Nuffield Foundation. He was and 1911. After graduation, he the City of Manchester in 1956. He Society, the first graduate of the also involved in the planning of worked briefly as a house surgeon was knighted in 1941 and became University’s Medical School to hospital services as chairman at the Rochdale Infirmary before a life peer styled as Stopford achieve this honour. His research of the Manchester, Salford and becoming a demonstrator of of Fallowfield in 1958. The Stopford on nerve damage was published as Stretford Joint Hospital Advisory anatomy at the University’s building is named after him, in Sensation and the Sensory Pathway, Board – which was a forerunner to Medical School in 1912. He recognition of his services and in 1930. the regional boards of the National became a lecturer in 1915 and was achievements. appointed Professor of Anatomy in Stopford was admired for his Health Service. This portrait was painted by Sir 1919 - at the age of just 30. He was leadership skills and was Dean of Stopford had a friendly character Herbert James Gunn, 1939 (page X) popular amongst students for the the Medical School twice; from and was known as “Jock” amongst clarity of his teaching. 1923 to 1927, and from 1931 to staff and students. The legend was 1933. Thereafter, he served as During the First World War, Vice-Chancellor of the University

Sir Arthur Llewellyn Armitage rthur Llewellyn for the development of the Armitage (1916- University of the West Indies Sir Walter Hamilton Moberly A 1984) was a legal and the Ormrod Committee, scholar and university the Lord Chancellor’s advisory alter Hamilton Moberly held academic posts at Merton and community. He promoted and specialisation as it did not provide administrator. committee on legal education. (1881-1974) was a Lincoln colleges, Oxford and also extended University extension students with a broad, cultural From 1965 to 1967, Armitage Armitage attended Oldham philosopher and university at the University of Aberdeen. He classes to provide education to education. Alongside his university served as Vice-Chancellor of the W Hulme Grammar School and administrator. served in a light infantry division those who were not enrolled at the work, he also chaired or contributed . read law at Queens’ College, during the First World War and was University. to several commissions and reports Moberly came from a deeply Cambridge. He was appointed In 1970 Armitage was awarded the Distinguished Service by the Church of England, especially religious family. Both his In 1934, Moberly became the first as a research fellow and senior appointed as Vice-Chancellor Order in 1917. regarding relations between the grandfathers had been bishops of full-time president of the University tutor in law at Queens’ College in of the Victoria University of Church and state. Salisbury, and his father contributed Following the war, he became Grants Committee. He served in 1945. In 1958, he was elected as Manchester, a post he held to the celebrated Lux Mundi Professor of Philosophy at the this role for fourteen years, though Moberly received honorary degrees President of the College at only until 1980. During his time collection of theological essays University of Birmingham and then the Second World War prevented from various universities and 42 years old. His main academic at the University, he tackled before later becoming Regus became principal of University him from implementing many of his was an honorary fellow of three interests lay in criminal law and numerous administrative Professor of Pastoral Theology at College, . After only two ideas. Oxford colleges. He was awarded a he practised law as a judge in challenges against a background Oxford. years in the post, he became Vice- knighthood in 1934. Cambridge and Huntingdon. of decreased funding from Moberly’s views about higher Chancellor of the Victoria University He also played an active role in central government. He was In 1912, Walter Moberly contributed education were closely intertwined This portrait was painted by Sir Herbert of Manchester in 1926. establishing the Department of known for being gregarious, full two essays to a well-known with his faith. In his book, The Crisis James Gunn, 1939 (page X) Criminal Science at Cambridge - of energy and hugely positive. collection titled Foundations in At Manchester, Moberly was of University (1949), he wrote that the forerunner of the Cambridge He was knighted in 1975 and which he discussed Christianity in instrumental in strengthening links academic neutrality was eroding Institute of Criminology. the University’s sports centre in the light of modern thought. between the University, the city the moral character of universities Fallowfield is named after him. of Manchester and the business and criticised the rise of academic Armitage held various Before the First World War, Moberly appointments on university This portrait was painted by John committees, where he proved Stanton Ward, 1979 (page X) to be an effective administrator. In particular, he served on a 14 UNESCO advisory committee 15 Alfred Angus Neild Sir Adolphus William Ward Professor Sir Martin Harris Michael Sadler William Mansfield Cooper

John Morley, dolphus William Ward (1837-1924) ichael Sadler (1861-1943) was an William Mansfield Cooper (1903- First Viscount of lfred Angus Neild (1822-1906) was was appointed Professor of History ir Martin Harris (1944-) is a linguist a magistrate and a director of the A and English Language and Literature and has taught at universities across educationist with a keen interest 1992) became Professor of Industrial Britain. in reforming and restructuring and Commercial Law in 1949 at the ohn Morley (1838-1923) was a literary A Manchester Chamber of Commerce at Owens College, one of the University’s S W M education at all levels, from Victoria University of Manchester. In his early critic and a Liberal politician who held during an period growth for Manchester’s predecessor institutions, in 1866. He studied at Queens’ College, Cambridge and secondary schools to universities. years, Mansfield Cooper attended Workers’ senior posts in government. cotton industry. J Ward had a great interest in Germany where he at the School of Oriental and African Studies. Educational Association classes which were He subsequently held academic positions at After working as a researcher in educational Morley studied at Lincoln College, Oxford and Neild had a particular interest in education and had spent the early years of his life. He studied run by the University for members of the the universities of Leicester and Salford and policy in the civil service, Sadler was appointed his early career was in a series of literary and was close friends with Joseph G. Greenwood, at Peterhouse, Cambridge and trained to be public interested in furthering their education. became Vice-Chancellor of the University Professor of History and Administration journalistic posts. He studied to become a who was the first principal of Owens a barrister but did not practise. Before his He then undertook a degree in Law and of Essex in 1987. Harris was appointed of Education at the Victoria University of barrister and was called to the bar at Lincoln’s College, one of the University’s predecessor appointment at Owens College, Ward lectured postgraduate study at the University. Vice-Chancellor of the Victoria University Manchester in 1903. Whilst at the University, Inn, but his financial circumstances prevented institutions. He was appointed as a trustee at Peterhouse and the University of Glasgow. of Manchester in 1992, until the formation he taught the history of education in England Alongside his professorship, Mansfield Cooper him from practising. of the College in 1858, and chairman of the Ward was one of the outstanding scholars of council of Owens College in 1864, a post he his generation and contributed original work of the University of Manchester in 2004. He in the context of social mobility and political served as the University’s registrar until 1952. Whilst working as a writer and editor, he served in until 1887. across a range of subjects. His studies of the was Chancellor of the University of Salford enlightenment, which were very popular He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the became increasingly interested in politics and German city Hanover, and its impact on British between 2005 and 2009 and President of Clare with trainee teachers. Alongside this role, Victoria University of Manchester in 1956, This portrait was painted by Hubert von stood for election to parliament several times policy, were particularly influential. Hall, Cambridge between 2008 and 2013. Sadler was commissioned by several local and served in the post until 1970. During as a Liberal candidate. He was successfully Herkomer (page X) educational authorities to write reports on this period, he oversaw significant change Harris is a keen follower of the arts and the elected as MP for Newcastle-Upon-Tyne in Ward was the founder of the history school at the best organisation of secondary schooling in the University, with the expansion of staff University’s Centre for Music and Drama is 1883. He quickly rose through the ranks of the Owens College, which put Manchester on in their areas. He remained at the University and student numbers, and the complete re- named after him in recognition of his role the Liberal Party and government during his par with Oxford and Cambridge universities until 1911, when he was appointed as Vice- organisation of the University’s administrative in securing funding for the Centre to be career, serving as Chief Secretary for Ireland in the development of the discipline. He was Chancellor of the University of Leeds. structure. developed. and Secretary of State for India. also active in the wider life of the College and advocated for the transformation of Owens Sadler worked closely with fellow educationist This portrait was painted by Peter Edwards, In 1908, he was made Viscount Morley of College to an independent university. He was and colleague, Sir Philip Hartog, who was also 2004 (page X) Blackburn, and in the same year, he was Vice-Chancellor of the Victoria University from the younger brother of this portrait’s artist. appointed Chancellor of the Victoria University 1886 to 1890, and again from 1894 to 1896. In This portrait was painted by Helena of Manchester. Morley left his extensive library recognition of his services, Ward received the Darmesteter, 1908 (page X) collection to the University, which is now freedom of the city of Manchester in 1897. housed in Ashburne Hall. Ward received numerous awards in Britain and This portrait was painted by Hubert von abroad. He was made knight of the Prussian Herkomer (page X) Order of the Crown in 1911, and knighted in Britain in 1913. Ward also received honorary degrees from the universities of Glasgow, St. Andrews and Liepzig.

16 17 Joseph Gouge Greenwood Alexander John Scott

oseph Gouge Greenwood (1821- lexander John Scott (1805-1866) was 1894) was Principal of Owens College a Scottish dissident theologian, and J and first Vice-Chancellor of the A the first Principal of Owens College. Victoria University. Upon completion of his studies in theology at After completing his studies at University Glasgow University, Scott became licensed College, London, Greenwood was appointed as a preacher in the Church of Scotland in Professor of Classics and History at the newly 1827. After a short period in this post, Scott established Owens College and became its expressed doubts about the theological Principal in 1857. Greenwood advocated for doctrine of the Scottish church. In particular, a change in the teaching system of Owens the notion of the love of God being limited to College to make it more attractive to local the elect. businessmen and took an active role in In the autumn of 1828, Scott began his opening classes for the schoolmasters of assistantship at the Scots Church in Regent local primary schools. He later became Square, London, where he preached daily to the honorary secretary of the Manchester the poor of Westminster. During his time in Working Men’s College in 1858, and played an London, Scott developed a theology that instrumental role in its merger with Owens emphasised spiritual conscience; an inner College in 1861. faculty that he believed was capable of Greenwood was a highly successful discovering spiritual truth. This led him to administrator, who helped to realise Sir Henry write and preach on the spiritual gifts of the Roscoe’s ambitions for the College to be a New Testament church. Scott’s colleagues, centre for applied and experimental science. including Scottish minister Edward Irving, He also took a leading role in the movement received great inspiration from this, which for Owens College to gain university status led to charismatic outbursts. This was the and was active in the negotiations to first appearance of modern Pentecostalism, incorporate the Royal Manchester School of although Scott distanced himself from this Medicine with the College in 1872. development. In the later years of his principalship, From 1828, Scott began to draw significant In 1848, Scott was appointed Professor Greenwood faced questions about the criticism from within the Church and, by 1830, of English Language and Literature at admission of women students into the he faced a trial for heresy. In 1831, Scott University College, London. In the following College. His belief was that the emotional was declared no longer fit to practise as a year, he became a founder and one of the and intellectual differences between the preacher of the Church of Scotland. Scott first professors of Bedford College, London. sexes necessitated teaching in separate appealed to the Church’s general assembly, Bedford College was the first centre of higher institutions. Greenwood’s deeply held the highest ecclesiastical court, but his efforts education for women in Britain based on the beliefs were instrumental in delaying full co- failed. He was unanimously deposed from the principles of religious freedom. education at the College. Despite the Victoria ministry, and all ministers were forbidden from University charter in 1880 stipulating that employing him to preach in their churches. In 1851, Scott became the first Principal of its programmes be open to all regardless of Owens College, which was also established After his deposition, Scott continued to sex, women were not admitted until 1883 and as an institution free from religious tests. minister in a small congregation in Woolwich continued to be taught separately. Scott was later appointed Professor of English where he remained until 1846. In the years Language and Literature, as well as Moral and after his trial, he expanded his sphere of Mental Philosophy. In 1857 he resigned his influence, with the translation of his theology principalship and pursued the development into philosophical, educational and socio- of education for the working classes. In 1858, political concerns. He lectured widely on these he was one of the founders of the Manchester subjects, particularly in London and Edinburgh. Working Men’s College in the Manchester He was part of a wider literary circle, including Mechanics’ Institution. Scott remained at writers such as John Ruskin and William Owens College as professor until his death. Thackeray. This bust was sculpted by Henry Stormonth Leifchild (page X)

18 19 Robert Angus Smith obert Angus Smith (1817-1884) was an applied chemist and environmental R scientist. This bust was sculpted by Edward Bowring Stephens (page X) Born into a religious family, Smith attended the University of Glasgow in preparation for ministry in the Church of Scotland in 1829. Unknown Figures He left after one year, and became a tutor to several families in the Scottish Highlands and hese are some objects in the London. In 1839 Smith accompanied a family University Collections for which we William Stanley Jevons to Germany, where he remained to study T have little or no information. Records Chemistry and gained a doctorate in 1841. show that the bust above was sculpted by illiam Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) particularly on the movement of prices Edward Bowring Stephens, but the subject was an economist and philosopher of and other variables over time culminating In 1843, Lyon Playfair, Professor of Chemistry is unknown. For the bust below, we have so W science. in the report, A Serious Fall in the Value of at the Manchester Royal Institution, invited far been unable to reasonably determine the Gold Ascertained, published in 1863.As his Smith to become his assistant in Manchester. identity of the subject or artist. The origins of Jevons studied Mathematics and Chemistry publications did not bring Jevons a regular After Playfair left Manchester to take up a post these pieces are currently unknown. at University College, London from 1850 income, he turned to university teaching in at the Royal School of Mines, Smith remained to 1853. In the summer term of 1853, prior order to finance his ongoing research. in the city as a consulting analytical chemist. to completing his degree, Jevons was Smith’s work largely consisted of investigating recommended for the post of assayer at As Jevons did not conform to the Church environmental issues and improving the first branch of the Royal Mint in Sydney, of England, he was unable to work at either sanitation, including the production of various Australia. Despite his initial reluctance, Jevons Oxford or Cambridge, which barred entry to disinfectants. In 1852, his research on air accepted the post and arrived in Sydney on 6 non-Anglicans. The only English institutions pollution led to the discovery of what is known October 1854. which did not have religious restrictions were as acid rain. As a result, Smith is often referred University College London and Owens College. During his posting in Australia, Jevons to as the “father of acid rain.” developed an interest in meteorology and his In 1863, Jevons accepted a tutorship at Smith was involved in various committees, meteorological reports were published weekly Owens College, which was to provide him with including the Chemical Society of which he in The Empire newspaper. He also took an a base from which he could build a national became Vice-President. He was also active King Edward VII interest in philosophy and political economy, and international reputation. He spent time in the Manchester and Salford Sanitary producing a social survey of Sydney and researching coal consumption and industry, Association, where he gave popular lectures, lbert Edward VII (1841-1910) was contributing to debates on local infrastructure and published The Coal Question in 1865, and the Manchester Literary and Philosophical the King of the and which was later promoted by . In 1859, Jevons returned to London to Society. Arguably his most prestigious role was Emperor of India from 1901 until his Following his colleague Alexander John Scott’s A complete his undergraduate degree, after leading the Alkali Inspectorate, established death in 1910. death in 1866, Jevons was appointed as the which he embarked on postgraduate studies under the Alkali Act of 1863. This was one of the College’s Professor of Logic, Mental and Moral Edward was the eldest son of , in mental philosophy and political economy. earliest environmental protection bodies in the Philosophy, and Political Economy. whom the Victoria University was named after During these years, Jevons developed new world and would later become Her Majesty’s in 1880. King Edward visited the University in ideas about political economy and logic. He This bust was sculpted by Edwin Roscoe Mullins, Inspectorate of Pollution. 1901. undertook research in applied economics, 1883 (page X) This bust was sculpted by Albert Bruce-Joy (page X) 20 21 The Artists

Trevor Stubley Hubert von Herkomer Joseph Edgar Boehm Trevor Stubley (1932-2010) was a portrait Hubert von Herkomer (1849-1914) was a Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890) was artist and illustrator of the Scottish school. German-born British painter, film director an Austrian sculptor. His father owned an Born in Leeds, Stubley lectured at Huddersfield and composer. Educated in Southampton extensive art collection, which formed the College of Art before establishing himself as and , Herkomer was awarded basis of Boehm’s art education. Boehm’s a freelance artist. He received 500 portrait knighthoods by both King Otto of Bavaria work attracted attention for its realism commissions over his lifetime, including Queen and King Edward VII. As well as portraiture, which contrasted with the neo-classical Elizabeth II, Sir Alan Ayckbourn and Dame Judi his work included illustrations, engravings mainstream of the mid-nineteenth Dench. In addition to his many portraits, Stubley illustrated over 400 and other paintings, many of which depicted scenes of poverty and century. His most famous work is his children’s books. old age. life-sized statue of , completed in 1881. Sitters for Artworks on display: Artworks on display: his portrait busts included notable figures such as Thomas Huxley Sir Mark Henry Richmond (page 9) , First Viscount of Blackburn (page 14) and Herbert Spencer. Boehm also attracted the attention of Queen Alfred Angus Neild (page 14) Victoria, and received over forty royal commissions. He is also known for producing the Jubilee head of Queen Victoria on coinage. Benjamin Rawlinson Faulkner Peter Edwards Artworks on display: Benjamin Rawlinson Faulkner (1787-1849) was an English portrait- Richard Copley Christie, 1877 (page 16) painter and merchant. Faulkner started his career in commerce, Wrexham-born Peter Edwards (1955-) is a representing a firm in Gibraltar. Faulkner discovered his talent for art modern portrait artist who has exhibited whilst recovering in England from an outbreak of plague. He became works at galleries across the UK including Henry Stormonth Leifchild known in Manchester for his portraits of notable local men, including the National Portrait Gallery and the Henry Stormonth Leifchild (1823-1884) was a draughtsman, carver, and Sir William Fairburn. His works are displayed in the National Library of Wales. He has painted musician and sculptor. He studied sculpture at the , National Portrait Gallery, the Royal Society and Christ Church, Oxford. many portraits of famous figures, most the Royal Academy and Rome. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Artworks on display: notably a life-size portrait of the former Academy, and presented his statue of ‘Rizpah’ at the Great Exhibition George Faulkner, 1838 (page 9) Manchester United football player Sir of 1851. Today, he is best known for the Robertson mausoleum in Bobby Charlton. Warriston cemetery, Edinburgh. Artworks on display: Artworks on display: Sir Herbert James Gunn Professor Sir Martin Harris, 2004 (page 15) Alexander John Scott, 1860 (page 17) Sir Herbert James Gunn (1893-1964) was an artist who devoted himself to portraiture. His portfolio includes major figures of the twentieth Héléna Arsène Darmesteter century - in 1938 he was commissioned by public subscription to paint Edwin Roscoe Mullins actress and singer Gracie Fields for the Rochdale Art Gallery and his Héléna Arsène Darmesteter, née Héléna Edwin Roscoe Mullins (1848-1907) was a sculptor, who was trained portrait of Elizabeth II was voted ‘painting of the year’ at the Royal Hartog (1854-1923) was a British portrait in the art schools of Lambeth and the Royal Academy. He regularly Academy in 1953. In the same year he was elected president of the painter. Born in London with a Parisian arts exhibited his work at the Royal Academy which included the busts of Royal Society of Portrait Painters, where he had exhibited since 1926. education, Darmesteter exhibited works notable figures such as William Gladstone and Queen Victoria. He also He received an honorary degree from the University in 1945 and was at the Royal Academy and the 1900 Paris produced architectural sculpture, such as decorative relief panels. knighted in 1963. Exposition. Her works were included in the Artworks on display: 1905 book ‘Women Painters of the World’. Artworks on display: David Alexander Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford, 1939 (page 10) William Stanley Jevons, 1883 (page 18) Frederick James Marquis, First Lord of Woolton (page 11) Artworks on display: Lord Stopford of Fallowfield (page 12) Michael Sadler, 1908 (page 15) Sir Walter Hamilton Moberly (page 12) Albert Bruce-Joy Albert Bruce-Joy (1842-1924) was an Irish Edward Bowring Stephens sculptor. He trained in art at the South John Stanton Ward The son of a statuary mason, Edward Kensington School and the Royal Academy. John Stanton Ward (1917-2007) was an Bowring Stephens was a successful Bruce-Joy received widespread praise for English portrait artist, landscape painter and sculptor. Born in Devon, he produced many the way in which his work represented his subjects and regularly exhibited his pieces “Reflection in a Mirror, Helena Arsène Darmesteter, illustrator. Educated at the Royal College of of his most well-known works in the West at the Royal Academy. 1896. This portrait of a young woman was Art, he enlisted as a draughtsman during the Country, including a statue of Prince- Second World War. After the war, Ward worked Consort Albert and a life-size bronze ‘The featured in the 1905 collection ‘Women Painters of Artworks on display: as an illustrator for Vogue before turning to “Deer Stalker”’, considered by many to the World’. It depicts a figure in a reflective state King Edward VII (page 19) of mind. Just as the woman is reflected in the portraiture and landscapes. As well as business be his finest work. Other notable works mirror, our artists are reflected in their paintings.” leaders and celebrities, Ward painted many members of the royal included statues of Leonardo da Vinci and Sir Christopher Wren. family, including Diana, Princess of Wales in her wedding dress and the Stephens also supported art history and education, promoting the christenings of Prince William and Prince Harry. establishment of the Exeter’s School of Art. The school opened in Artworks on display: 1854, and was later converted into the Royal Albert Memorial Museum. Sir Arthur Llewellyn Armitage, 1979 (page 13) Artworks on display: Unknown (page XX) 22 23 Further information about the University’s history and heritage and the University Collections is available on our website: www. manchester.ac.uk/heritage

Sources: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The University of Manchester Archives (ELGAR) The University of Manchester Library Image Collections University History and Heritage ArtUK National Portrait Gallery