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Francisco De Goya Against the Cruelty of Capital Punishment

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Francisco De Goya Against the Cruelty of Capital Punishment Francisco de Goya Contra la crueldad de la pena de muerte Against the cruelty of capital punishment Francisco de Goya Contra la crueldad de la pena de muerte Against the cruelty of capital punishment Juan Bordes Caballero Luis Arroyo Zapatero (edit.) Primera edición, Madrid, 2013 Segunda edición, Ciudad de México, 2013 AGRADECIMIENTOS AGRADECIMIENTOS Museo Nacional del Prado Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales INACIPE Biblioteca Nacional de España Grupo Editorial Miguel Ángel Porrúa GEMAP SIGNE S.A. UNIVERSIA © De los textos: sus autores. © De esta edición: © De las traducciones: sus autores. Red Académica Internacional contra la pena de muerte © De las imágenes: sus autores. © De esta edición: Calcografía Nacional Con el Patrocinio de la Acción Complementaria DER2009-08240-E Patrocinio: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales INACIPE De la Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica Grupo Editorial Miguel Ángel Porrúa GEMAP del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España. Editores Edición mexicana: Juan Bordes Caballero Miguel Ángel Porrúa, librero-editor Luis Arroyo Zapatero Textos Texto adicional para la edición mexicana Luis Arroyo Zapatero Sergio García Ramírez Juan Bordes Caballero José Manuel Matilla Federico Mayor Zaragoza Traducciones Traducción Lambe & Nieto Antony Price Dwight Porter Antony Price Diseño Edición Enrique Bordes Aldonza Porrúa / Gabriela Pardo Imágenes Diagramación Biblioteca Nacional de España Verónica Santos / Omar Ponce Museo del Prado Impresión Impresión y terminado Gráficas Palermo Impresora y Encuadernadora Progreso S.A de C.V. ISBN: 978-84- 9044-043-83 www.inacipe.gob.mx DL: CU 94-2013 [email protected] D.R. © 2013 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales Magisterio Nacional 113, Col. Tlalpan, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14000, México, D.F. ISBN: 978-607-7882-81-7 Se prohíbe la reproducción parcial o total, sin importar el medio, de cualquier capítulo o información de esta obra, sin previa y expresa autorización del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales, y del Grupo Editorial Miguel Ángel Porrúa. Impreso en México • Printed in Mexico Contenido Content 11 Nota del editor A note from the editors Antonio Bonet Correa 15 Real Academia y Red Académica The Royal Academy and Academics against the death penalty Juan Bordes Luis Arroyo Zapatero 19 Sobre la pena de muerte: un largo camino Concerning the death penalty: a long road Sergio García Ramírez 31 Caprichos, Dibujos y Desastres de la Guerra Los Caprichos, Drawings and Disastres of War Jose Manuel Matilla 47 Francisco de Goya: contra la crueldad del sistema penal y la pena de muerte Francisco de Goya: against the cruelty of the penal system and the death penalty Luis Arroyo Zapatero 69 La abolición de la pena de muerte: una cuestión de respeto por los derechos humanos The abolition of the death penalty: a question of respect for human rights Federico Mayor Zaragoza 81 Los desastres de la guerra Intrepretaciones históricas The Disasters Of War. Historical Interpretations Juan Bordes Sobre la pena de muerte I have no opinions no tengo opiniones on the death penalty Gregorio Marañón Posadillo Gregorio Marañón Posadillo Miembro de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes Member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. de San Fernando. Publicado el Heraldo de Madrid, Published in the Heraldo de Madrid, 19 de abril de 1928. April 19th 1928. Sobre la pena de muerte I have no opinions on the death no tengo opiniones, sino penalty, only convictions. These convicciones. Son estas: Creo are: I believe that humanity in que la humanidad del porvenir the future will consider it an considerará como un absurdo inexplicable absurdity that people inexplicable que en el siglo XX still believed in the exemplarity de la era de Cristo se creyese of the death sentence in the todavía en la ejemplaridad 20th c. of the era of Christ. de la pena de muerte. Creo I believe that none of the que ninguno de los crímenes crimes committed will be equal cometidos iguala en crueldad al in cruelty to the hours in the de las horas de capilla de un reo chapel of a prisoner condemned de muerte. Y por último, creo que to death. And finally, were it si fuese preciso elegir un criterio necessary to choose a criteria to para separar a los hombres en separate men into two groups, dos grupos los que -cualquiera those who – whatever their que sea su inteligencia y su intelligence or their culture- still cultura-viven aún influidos por la live influenced by the mentality mentalidad de las cavernas y los of the caves and those who have que han roto esas raíces y viven broken those roots and live with con su corazón y su inteligencia their heart and their intelligence orientados hacia el futuro, este oriented towards the future, criterio no sería otro que el poner I believe that this criteria would o no poner, por encima de todas be nothing other than placing or las demás cosas, el respecto a la not placing, above all else, respect vida de cada uno de los demás for the life of each and every hombres. other man. GMP GMP Nota del editor A note from the editor Antonio Bonet Correa Antonio Bonet Correa Director Director Real Academia de Bellas Artes de S. Fernando Real Academia de Bellas Artes de S. Fernando Con motivo de la celebración en On the occasion of the celebration of Madrid del V Congreso Mundial contra the V World Congress against the death la pena de muerte, la Real Academia penalty, in Madrid, the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando se de Bellas Artes de San Fernando suma a la Red Académica contra la has linked up with the Academic pena capital (REPECAP) acogiendo Network against capital punishment en su sede una Jornada durante el (REPECAP) to host a one-day día 11 de junio de 2013, para debatir Conference at its headquarters on June varios aspectos sobre la abolición de 11, 2013, to debate various aspects of la pena capital y la resolución de las the abolition of capital punishment and Naciones Unidas de 2007 a favor de the United Nations resolution, in 2007, una moratoria universal. in favour of a universal moratorium. Este congreso pretende una This congress seeks an aproximación interdisciplinar a este interdisciplinary approach to this tema, además de impulsar el estudio matter, as well as not only driving y construcción de una teoría sobre the study and construction of a la crueldad humana desde puntos theory about human cruelty from de vista de la ética, la sociología, the standpoint of ethics, sociology, la antropología, la filosofía, etc., anthropology, philosophy, etc., but así como analizar las reflexiones also contemplating the statements realizadas a través de varias made in various works of art. manifestaciones artísticas. It is an honour for the Academy La Academia se honra de aportar to contribute the pioneering and a este debate, el discurso pionero y profound discourse of Francisco profundo de Francisco de Goya, quien Goya to this debate, who has been ha sido uno de sus miembros más one of its most prominent members. destacados. Este genial artista mostró This genial artist expressed a clear and en muchos de sus grabados, editados committed position against cruelty y conservados en la Calcografía and the death penalty in many of his Nacional de nuestra Academia, una etchings, edited and conserved in the posición clara y comprometida contra National Museum of Chalcography la crueldad y la pena de muerte. of our Academy. abc abc 13 Real Academia y The Royal Academy and Red Académica Academics against the death penalty Juan Bordes Juan Bordes Académico delegado para la Calcografía Nacional. Member of the Royal Academy Delegate to the National Chalcography Museum Luis Arroyo Zapatero Luis Arroyo Zapatero Miembro fundador de la Red Académica contra la Founding Member of the Academic Network pena capital. against capital punishment La red internacional de profesores que llamamos The network of professors that we call the In- Red Académica Internacional contra la pena de ternational Network for the abolition of cap- muerte y en la esfera digital academicsforaboli- ital punishment (REPECAP) and in the digital tion.net, se encontró con la Real Academia de sphere academicsforabolition.net met the Real Bellas Artes de San Fernando a través del nuevo Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando [Roy- director de la Fundación Ortega y Gasset-Ma- al Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Ferdinand] rañón, Alfredo Pérez de Armiñan y de la Serna, thanks to the new director of the Foundation quien hizo una llamada de atención a miembros Ortega y Gasset-Marañón, Alfredo Pérez de de la Red sobre el trabajo realizado por Juan Bor- Armiñan. He called the attention of the mem- des, José Manuel Matilla y Sandra Balsells sobre bers of the Network to the work by Juan Bordes, Los Desastres de la guerra, con un catálogo y una José Manuel Matilla and Sandra Balsells on Los exposición que desde 2008 viaja por el mundo Desastres de la guerra [The Disasters of War], entero y que constituye un auténtico fundamen- with a catalogue and an exhibition that, since to ideográfico de los crímenes de guerra y contra 2008, has travelled the world over. It constitutes la humanidad, cuya versión en positivo es el no- an authentic ideographic foundation for human- vedoso Derecho penal internacional humanita- itarian international criminal law, against war rio. Y del matar en la guerra llegamos fácilmente crimes and crimes against humanity. And from a encontrar un camino contra el matar a sangre killing in wartime we easily found our way to fría, contra la pena de muerte. La Red académi- oppose killing in cold blood, to oppose the death ca y el Museo Nacional de Calcografía desearon penalty.
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