Turk J Zool 2012; 36(5): 592-606 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1111-25 Th ysanoptera fauna of the Aegean region, Turkey, in the spring İrfan TUNÇ1,*, Şerife ÜNAL BAHŞİ2, Hüseyin GÖÇMEN1 1Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya - TURKEY 2Department of Horticulture, Korkuteli Vocational School, Akdeniz University, Korkuteli, Antalya - TURKEY Received: 23.11.2011 ● Accepted: 13.02.2012 Abstract: Th e Th ysanoptera fauna of the Aegean region of Turkey was studied in the spring of 1993 and 1995. Th e surveys were conducted in the following provinces: Afyonkarahisar, Aydın, Denizli, İzmir, Manisa, Muğla, and Uşak. A total of 2899 specimens from 405 samples were examined. Th e study revealed 82 Th ysanoptera species, which included new records for the region and Turkey. One genus, Prosopothrips Uzel, and 3 species, Oxythrips halidayi Bagnall, Prosopothrips nigriceps Bagnall, and Rubiothrips validus (Karny), are new records for Turkish fauna. Th e most common and abundant species (represented with the number of samples-specimens) were Th rips meridionalis (Priesner) (102- 481), Th rips tabaci Lindeman (97-287), and Th rips angusticeps (76-333). Among the others, Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (65-161), Aeolothrips collaris Priesner (46-96), Haplothrips reuteri (Trybom) (54-132), and Haplothrips tritici Kurdjumov (35-158) were relatively more frequent and abundant. Th e majority of the species were Palaearctic, in particular Mediterranean and European, and inhabit woody plants, cereals, and grasses. Key words: Th ysanoptera, thrips, Aegean region, Turkey Introduction diverse plants, wild or cultivated, and it is the fi rst A fair amount of knowledge on the Th ysanoptera attempt of its kind. (thrips) fauna of the Aegean region of Turkey has Mediterranean, transitional, and continental been accumulated. However, the data at hand are climates prevail in the Aegean region. Th e derived from studies restricted to the fauna in single Mediterranean climate is experienced along coastal agroecosystems and areas. Th e surveys of Cengiz areas but may have infl uence up to 150 km inland (1974) and Özsemerci et al. (2011) in vineyards of from the coast through plains along rivers, mainly İzmir and/or Manisa provinces, and that of Kılıç and Büyük Menderes, Küçük Menderes, and Gediz, which Yoldaş (2004) in the greenhouses of İzmir, though fl ow to the Aegean Sea. Transitional and continental yielding a number of Th ysanoptera records, are of this climates, respectively, are felt as altitude or distance nature. On the other hand, reports by Blunck (1958) from the coast increase. Th e region receives moderate and Priesner (1966), which included some records precipitation, around 700 mm annually, but this may from the region, are based on incidental collections. fall to 550 mm in the innermost parts eastwards. Th e present study, unlike the above, aimed to survey Topography is characterized mainly by plains along an area of the region as wide as possible and examine coasts and rivers, and highland plains of inland and * E-mail: [email protected] 592 İ. TUNÇ, Ş. ÜNAL BAHŞİ, H. GÖÇMEN mountainous areas. Th e highest elevations over the preservation fl uid, 60% ethyl alcohol, aft er mountains are around 2000 m. Th e forests, which preliminary examination and identifi cation with a consist mainly of pines and oaks, occupy a relatively stereomicroscope. Representative specimens were higher percentage of the land compared to the inner prepared for slide mounting in Canadian balsam. regions of Turkey. Macchia is widespread in areas In total, 2899 specimens were examined from 405 under transitional and Mediterranean infl uence samples. (İzbırak, 1977; Güler et al., 1990). Th rips collection and identifi cation was carried Th e Aegean region is a very rich agricultural area out by İrfan Tunç; Şerife Ünal Bahşi assisted in from the point of diversity and the kinds of crops material handling and data processing and Hüseyin cultivated. Subtropical fruits such as olives, fi gs, Göçmen assisted in the fi eld work. citrus, and pomegranates, and temperate fruits such Th e altitudes of the collection sites were measured as cherries, walnut, chestnut, apples, peach, plum, using a hand altimeter. and apricot, are grown. Nevertheless, grapes, fi gs, and Collection data are arranged according to the olives are the most important fruit crops in terms of districts. the area in which they are cultivated and the quantity of the produce harvested. Among fi eld crops, as in Th e distribution of the species found in Turkey many parts of Turkey, cereals are the most common is given on a provincial basis. Th e distributional and are followed by tobacco, cotton, and winter and data are based on reports on Th ysanoptera fauna summer vegetables. Th e area allocated for protected of Turkey, mainly those of Blunck (1958), Priesner crops, mainly vegetables, is increasing. (1966), Cengiz (1974), Tunç (1976, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1992a, 1992b, 1992c), Tunç and zur Strassen (1984), Tunç et al. (2012), Atakan and Uygur (2005), Tekşam Materials and methods and Tunç (2009), and Özsemerci et al. (2011), and Th e following Aegean region provinces (and their the material was deposited at the Plant Protection districts) were included in the surveys: Muğla Department of the Faculty of Agriculture of Akdeniz (Fethiye, Köyceğiz, Ortaca, Ula, Milas, and Yatağan), University. In order to avoid duplicated presentation, Aydın (Buharkent, Karacasu, Germencik, Nazilli, the distribution of those species that also appeared in Yenipazar, Bozdoğan, Çine, Söke, Kuşadası, and a recent report (Tunç et al., 2012) is not included here Kuyucak), İzmir (Selçuk, Menderes, Bayındır, and that report may be referred to for information. Ödemiş, Tire, Kiraz, Seferihisar, and Kemalpaşa), Data on world distribution and hosts are provided Manisa (Turgutlu, Salihli, Sarıgöl, Kula, and Selendi), only for those species that are new records in Turkey. Denizli (Acıpayam, Serinhisar, Tavas, Çal, Sarayköy, However, a generalized distribution and hosts of Bekilli, Çivril, and Buldan), Uşak (Sivaslı), and the species found is presented in the discussion Afyonkarahisar (Dinar). Th e search was extended to section with reference to zur Strassen (2003) for the Çavdır, a district of Burdur Province. species in families Aeolothripidae, Fauriellidae, and Th ripidae, and to Priesner (1964) and zur Strassen Th e material was collected on 14-18 June 1993 (1970, 1979, 1987, 1988, 1991) for those in the family and between 30 April and 4 May 1995. In our Phlaeothripidae. experience, Th ysanoptera collections made in the spring, even within limited periods of time, yield the highest number of thrips species compared to Results other seasons in Turkey. Adult thrips were collected AEOLOTHRIPIDAE by beating plants or parts of plants over a board of 19 × 31 cm covered with a light green cloth and Aeolothrips collaris Priesner using a fi ne brush. Th e specimens were temporarily Material: Çavdır, 1000 m, Coronilla varia, 1 ♀, preserved in small glass vials containing a fl uid made 14.VI.1993; Söğüt, 1440 m, Fabaceae, 1 ♂, 30.IV.1995- of 9 parts 60% ethyl alcohol and 1 part glacial acetic Serinhisar, 900 m, Vitis vinifera, 1 ♂, herb, 1♂, acid. Th e material was transferred to permanent 14.VI.1993- Tavas, Kızılcabölük, 900 m, Amygdalus 593 Th ysanoptera fauna of the Aegean region, Turkey, in the spring communis, 1♀, Euphorbia sp., 1♀, 1♂, 14.VI.1993- 16.VI.1993- Dinar, 820 m, Berberis sp., 3♀♀, Peganum Sarayköy, 200 m, Punica granatum, 1♀, Zea mays, harmala, 1♀, 18.VI.1993- Fethiye, Saklıkent, 200 m, 1♂, Althaea sp., 1♀, 15.VI.1993- Buharkent, 150 Olea europaea, 2♀♀, Pistacia sp., 1♀, 30.IV.1995; m, Chenopodium sp., 2♀♀, 15.VI.1993- Kuyucak, Ölüdeniz, Quercus sp., 3♀♀, 01.IV.1995-Milas, Horsunlu, 150 m, herb, 2♀♀, 15.VI.1993- Karacasu, Bafa, 100 m, Quercus sp., 1♀, 02.V.1995- Çal, 900 m, Esençay, forest, 300 m, Th ymbra spicata, 3♀♀ , 1♂, Quercus sp., 1♀, 04.V.1995. ♀ 15.VI.1993-Söke, 50 m, Vitex agnus-castus, 1 , Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall Verbascum sp., 1♀, Malva sp., 2♀♀, 1 ♂ , Pyrus elaeagnifolia, 1♀, Cystus sp., 1♀, 1♂, 16.VI.1993- Material: Çavdır, 1000 m, Medicago sp., 1♀, Germencik, Ortaklar, forest, 120 m, Nerium oleander, Rumex sp., 1♀, Avena sativa, 1♀, 14.VI.1993; Söğüt, 1♀, 16.VI.1993-Selçuk, 50 m, Th ymbra spicata, 1440 m, Fabaceae, 1♀, 30.IV.1995- Acıpayam, 800 2♂♂, 16.VI.1993-Ödemiş, 100 m, Anthemis sp., 1♀, m, Avena sativa, 2 ♀♀, Triticum sp., 1 ♂, 14.VI.1993- 16.VI.1993-Bayındır, 50 m, Vitex agnus-castus, 1♀, Serinhisar, 900 m, Crataegus sp., 1♀, Asteraceae, Verbascum sp., 1♀, 16.VI.1993-Kemalpaşa, 200 m, 2♀♀, 1 ♂, Vitis vinifera, 1♂, 14.VI.1993-Tavas, Quercus sp., 1♂, Vitex agnus-castus, 1♀, Cichorium Kızılcabölük, 900 m, Avena sativa, 3♀♀, grass, 4♀♀, intybus, 1♀, 2♂♂, Malva sp., 1♂, Echinocloa crus- Hordeum vulgare, 2♀♀, 14.VI.1993- Sarayköy, 200 m, galli, 1♂, Anthemis sp., 1♀, 1♂, 17.VI.1993-Salihli, Zea mays, 6♀♀, 1♂, 15.VI.1993-Buharkent, 150 m, Marmara Lake, 50 m, Carthamus sp., 1♂, nursery, Vitis vinifera, 2♀♀, 15.VI.1993-Karacasu, Esençay, 50 m, Synapis sp., 2♀♀, 2♂♂, 17.VI.1993- Kula, forest, 300 m, Solidago sp., 1♀, 15.VI.1993-Nazilli, 420 m, Althaea sp., 2♀♀, 3♂♂, Cynodon dactylon, 100 m, Phragmites sp., 1♂, 15.VI.1993-Söke, 50 m, 4♀♀, Prunus persica, 3♀♀, 17.VI.1993- Selendi, herb, 2♀♀, Althaea sp., 1♀, 16.VI.1993- Selçuk, 50 650 m, Avena sativa, 5♀♀, 17.VI.1993-Uşak, 900 m, m, Zea mays, 6♀♀, 4♂♂, 16.VI.1993-Bayındır, 50 Scorzonera sp., 1♀, 18.VI.1993-Sivaslı,