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The Black Country Study

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The Black Country Study THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY ‘The Future of The Black Country’ The Black Country Study Black Country Consortium Limited Black Country House Rounds Green Road Oldbury West Midlands B69 2DG CONTENTS: Technical Executive Summary Preface SECTION A A Introduction A1 The Black Country A2 The Black Country Consortium A3 The Black Country Study A4 Black Country in the Region A5 Black Country in the City Region A6 Black Country and Community Plans SECTION B B The Black Country Then and Now B1 A Brief History of the Black Country B2 The Black Country Today B3 Thirty More Years of Business as Usual? SECTION C C Vision, Choices and the Preferred Strategy C1 The Black Country Vision C2 Translating Vision into the Black Country Strategy for Growth and Competitiveness C3 Choices C4 The Preferred Strategy SECTION D D Key Growth Programme D1 Accelerating Growth of the Knowledge-based Economy D2 Expanding Four Strategic and Town Centres D3 Building a High Quality Housing Market D4 Transforming the Environment: Black Country as Urban Park D5 Creating a Workforce for the 21st Century D6 Creating a Prosperous, Diverse and Harmonious Society D7 Developing an Integrated Transport Network SECTION E E Managing Risk in the Strategy E1 Overview E2 Housing Risk Assessment E3 Centres Risk Assessment E4 Employment and Employment Land Risk Assessment E5 Resource Management E6 Transportation SECTION F F What Happens Next? Towards a Delivery Strategy APPENDICES: Appendix A1 City Region: OCR Output Gap Appendix A2 Black Country Current Economic Performance: 2.6bn Output Gap Appendix A3 Bibliography Appendix A4 Glossary of Terms Appendix D1 Employment Growth – Shift Share Analysis Appendix D4 Black Country as Urban Park Appendix D7.1 Black Country Shared Transport Statement Appendix D7.2 Local Transport Plan Schemes THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 BLACK COUNTRY STUDY TECHNICAL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY The Black Country Study is the Urban Renaissance Strategy for the Black Country. It sets out: o WHY the Black Country needs to change; o WHAT needs to be done – the strategic direction and scale of change; o WHERE that change is going to take place – the spatial strategy for the Black Country; o HOW that change will be brought about – the delivery strategy. The Study began three years ago. The Black Country’s political and business leaders recognised the need to consider radical change in the Black Country to counter the processes of decline of the last 30 years. In parallel, the West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) placed a stronger emphasis on urban renaissance. Specifically, in approving the RSS (then known as Regional Planning Guidance) in 2004, the Secretary of State called for an early review of certain aspects of the Strategy, including the need to address the many inter-connected issues facing the Black Country. The Study identifies a sub-regional strategy for the Black Country setting out the priorities for regenerating its physical, environmental, social and economic fabric and has been prepared by the Black Country Consortium (the Black Country strategic public/private partnership). The Consortium has also led the preparation of the draft RSS Phase One Revision: The Black Country on behalf of the West Midlands Regional Assembly. The Assembly, as Regional Planning Body have accepted the Study as supporting document for the draft RSS Phase One Revision. Although non-statutory (it will not form part of a Development Plan), the Study will provide evidence for the formulation of a Joint Black Country Core Strategy by the four Black Country Local Planning Authorities. It is intended to be an operational tool for a range of agencies to drive physical, social, environmental and economic transformation collectively in the Black Country over the next 25 years. - 1 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 During the last two years, the Consortium has made an important contribution to the emerging proposals for the City Region, which spans the area between Telford and Coventry. The Study sets out the Black Country’s initial contribution to City Region growth and competitiveness to 2031. The Black Country Study process began by agreeing a 30-year Vision with partners, setting a highly ambitious and bold agenda for change. This Vision provides the driving force for change. A portfolio of technical evidence has been developed to test the interventions needed to turn the Vision into reality. The Delivery Plan will provide a framework for implementing initiatives on the ground in an integrated and seamless manner. This report is a technical executive summary of the Black Country Study ‘The Future of The Black Country’. - 2 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 THE BLACK COUNTRY TODAY Today, the Black Country is a vibrant, welcoming multi-cultural society with a population of almost 1.1 million. The sub-region comprises the City of Wolverhampton and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell and Walsall (Map 1: The Black Country Authorities). As a centre of cultural diversity it is home to more people of Black, Minority and Ethnic (BME) origins (15.2% of total population) compared to the national average (9%). While the Black Country is a distinctive sub-region, it is also an integral part of a City Region of 2.75 million, centred on Birmingham. (Map 2: The Black Country in the City Region). The Black Country is one of only three sub-regions in the UK experiencing net population decline. Since 1990, population has fallen by over 20,000 and net out-migration has approached 4,000 people per annum. Although the area has many social and economic strengths, the local economy performs poorly compared to similar sized sub-regions elsewhere in the UK. While retaining a strong manufacturing sector supporting 22% of total employment, it has failed to sufficiently attract new knowledge-based industries that are driving economic growth elsewhere in the UK. The area has fewer highly skilled, high earning people living and working in the sub-region and some of the most severe concentrations of deprivation. As a consequence, a £2.6 billion output gap with the rest of the UK has emerged and there are some 100,000 fewer jobs today than in the 1970s. The legacy of the Black Country’s industrial past continues to dominate the image of the Black Country, masking community strengths, the natural topography, green spaces and water features. From the air, open spaces stand out – along valleys, railway lines, canals and hills – but on the ground many are inaccessible or poorly maintained. The poor quality of the urban environment undermines efforts to attract knowledge industries and their employees to the area. The extent and pattern of congestion on key roads through the Black Country further degrades the environment, undermines public transport services, and imposes severe costs on companies operating in the area. For knowledge workers, there is a lack of choice in the housing market. The Black Country is dominated by uniform concentrations of relatively low priced private housing and very substantial concentrations of social rented - 3 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 housing. For knowledge industries, there are few high quality sites providing good access to transport infrastructure and a pool of highly skilled labour. Meanwhile, the town centres are not the hubs of economic activity needed, with significant leakage of retail expenditure to Birmingham and other surrounding centres. If current trends continue, employment in the Black Country will decline further, the income gap with the rest of the UK will widen, net out migration will persist, and population will further decline. “Business as usual” is not an acceptable option for the future of the Black Country. Map 1 - 4 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 Map 2 - 5 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 THE VISION The Black Country Study began by agreeing a unified 30-year Vision with over 150 civic and business leaders, community representatives, educationalists and the voice of young people. The Vision sets an ambitious and bold agenda for change: “By 2033, we aim to make the Black Country a confident ‘we can do it’ place, where our skills, work ethic and diversity are key to our prosperity. The Black Country will be made up of a polycentric network of four centres – Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Brierley Hill/Merry Hill - each offering a distinct, wide range of shopping, leisure and cultural facilities, office employment and housing. A transport revolution will have taken place with our bus, Metro, rail and road networks making it easy to move around the Black Country, into Birmingham and the rest of the City Region. Our manufacturing companies will be prospering, at the cutting edge of technological innovation but our high quality environment – not our industrial legacy – will dominate the urban landscape. Our canal system, linking our communities together, means we are known as Britain’s Venice. All Black Country citizens will have a deep sense of belonging and will be enabled to contribute actively to the social, economic and physical well being of the area. The Black Country will be genuinely inclusive and integrated in residential, economic, social and educational terms.” Flowing from the Vision, four headline objectives have been set to 2031 to drive the Black Country Study: By 2031: Reverse net out-migration and grow population to 1.2 million; Raise income levels to 90% of the UK average from 81% today; Accommodate a more balanced population; achieving parity with the national social grade profile; and Create high quality, sustainable environments. - 6 - Executive Summary THE BLACK COUNTRY STUDY Technical Executive Summary – May 2006 THE PREFERRED STRATEGY The strategy to deliver the Vision entails making significant investments in the economy, town centres, housing, education, the environment and transport to harness the strengths of the diverse communities.
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