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Redalyc.Behavioral Experiments in a Wild Passerine Cause Short-Term Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile VAN DONGEN, WOUTER F.D.; LAZZONI, ILENIA; VÁSQUEZ, RODRIGO A. Behavioral experiments in a wild passerine cause short-term reductions in parental provisioning and nestling mass Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 82, núm. 2, 2009, pp. 223-231 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944290005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative EFFECTS OF TEMPORARY PARENT REMOVAL IN RevistaBIRDS Chilena de Historia Natural223 82: 223-231, 2009 RESEARCH ARTICLE Behavioral experiments in a wild passerine cause short-term reductions in parental provisioning and nestling mass Experimentos conductuales en un ave paserina silvestre causan reducciones de corto plazo en el cuidado parental y peso de pichones WOUTER F.D. VAN DONGEN1, 2, *, ILENIA LAZZONI1 & RODRIGO A. VÁSQUEZ1 1 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 2 Current Address: Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Research on wild animals often involves the capture and temporary removal of individuals from their territory. Although the acute effects of such procedures are well understood in terms of stress hormone profiles, their effect on the behaviour of captured individuals after release is poorly known. Additionally, for socially-monogamous individuals captured whilst breeding, little is known regarding whether the remaining individual compensates for the temporary loss of its partner and whether offspring condition or survival ultimately decreases due to any reductions in parental provisioning. We investigated the influence of field- based experiments requiring temporary adult removal on adult provisioning behaviour and nestling mass in the thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a Chilean furnariid species with equal parental effort between sexes. During the absence of the removed individual, remaining individuals did not increase nestling provisioning rates while, upon their release, removed individuals did not return to nestling feeding for at least 38 minutes and typically much longer. This drastic reduction in combined parental provisioning negatively affected nestling mass, while average nestling mass increased during a control period, nestlings failed to gain weight during and subsequent to parental removal. Finally, our experiments did not affect fledging probability. Overall, our results indicate that the temporary removal of rayaditos from their territories can cause short-term reductions in parental provisioning and nestling weight, but is unlikely to lead to any long- term effects on nestling survival. Key words: Aphrastura spinicauda, nestling condition, parental provisioning, temporary adult removal, thorn-tailed rayadito. RESUMEN Las investigaciones en animales silvestres frecuentemente requieren la captura y remoción de individuos de sus territorios. Si bien se conocen los efectos a nivel hormonal de tales métodos, sus efectos sobre la conducta de los individuos después de la liberación son escasamente conocidos. Además, para individuos de especies monógamas que son capturados durante la época reproductiva, se desconoce si el individuo restante compensa la pérdida temporal de su compañero ni si la condición o sobrevivencia de los pichones disminuye como consecuencia del cuidado parental reducido. Investigamos la influencia de experimentos de campo que remueven temporalmente un adulto sobre las visitas de aprovisionamiento y el peso de pichones en el rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), un furnárido con similar cuidado parental entre los sexos. Durante la ausencia de un adulto, los individuos restantes de cada pareja no aumentaron la frecuencia de aprovisionamiento. Después de su liberación, los individuos previamente ausentes no volvieron a alimentar a sus pichones por al menos 38 minutos. Esta acentuada reducción en cuidado parental por ambos adultos de la pareja afectó negativamente el peso de los pichones. Aunque el peso medio de los pichones aumentó durante el período control, los pichones no aumentaron su peso durante y después de la remoción parental. Nuestros experimentos no afectaron el éxito de los volantones. Globalmente, los experimentos causaron reducciones de corto plazo en cuidado parental y peso de pichones, pero es improbable que causen efectos de largo plazo en la sobrevivencia de los pichones. Palabras clave: Aphrastura spinicauda, condición de pichones, cuidado parental, remoción parental temporal, rayadito. 224 VAN DONGEN ET AL. INTRODUCTION upon fledging, a reduced immune response of nestlings or nest failure altogether (Wolf et al. In order to obtain important biological 1990, Markman et al. 1996, Lynn & Wingfield information during research targeting 2003, Snoeijs et al. 2005, van de Pol et al. populations of wild animals, it is often 2006). necessary to temporarily or permanently However, much research on wild animals remove individuals from their territory or typically involves the temporary, and not habitats. For example, a common practice in permanent, removal of the individual from its conservation-based research is to temporarily territory. Therefore, the use of permanent- capture individuals to obtain morphometrical or removal studies to make inferences concerning physiological data or to attach tracking devices the detrimental effects on partners and (Dickson & Beier 2007, Iglay et al. 2007, offspring is less appropriate. Despite the Martinez et al. 2007). Similarly, research in abundance of studies requiring the temporary behavioral ecology often requires the long-term removal of individuals from their habitat, (e.g. aviary-based or territorial behavior surprisingly little is known about the effects of studies; Ekman & Griesser 2002, Liu 2004, such removal on the behavior of the removed Zann & Cash 2008) or short-term removal of and remaining individual, nor on offspring individuals from their territories (e.g. the use of condition and survival. In addition, the captured individuals as caged decoys during potentially stress-inducing procedures typically simulated territorial intrusion experiments; used in field-based studies (e.g. the use of Meddle et al. 2002, Sperry et al. 2005, van field-based aviaries or cages; Meddle et al. Dongen & Mulder 2007). 2002, Sperry et al. 2005, van Dongen & Mulder Amongst birds, it is well established that 2007) could further reduce the probability the such capture and handling of individuals individual will return to normal behavioral typically results in an acute rise in activities immediately after release. glucocorticoid stress hormones (Wingfield et The thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura al. 1995, Romero & Reed 2005). In contrast, spinicauda [Gmelin, 1789]) is a small, comparatively little is known about how bird insectivorous, cavity-nester of the family capture can affect the behavior of individuals Furnariidae (Bruce 2003). Within Chile, this after their release. In addition, in monogamous species inhabits forests throughout a species, the removal of individuals from their distribution spanning 25o of latitude from the territory may impose detrimental effects on the semi-arid climate of central Chile to the sub- individual’s partner and offspring. For Antarctic conditions experienced in southern example, many species undergo joint territorial Patagonia (Jaramillo et al. 2003). We defense and the removal of one individual can investigated the effects of a behavioral field- compromise the remaining individual’s ability experiment, requiring temporary adult removal, to defend the territory alone (Langmore 1998). on parental effort and nestling mass in this Likewise, if the removed individual was species. Specifically we were interested in 1) breeding, then even a short-term removal of whether the remaining individual compensated that individual from its breeding territory could for the temporary loss of its mate and how have lasting effects on offspring health due to much time typically elapsed until the removed reductions in parental feeding of offspring. individual recommenced nestling provisioning Indeed, many studies have shown that the upon release and 2) how any reduction in permanent removal of an adult during the parental provisioning may influence short-term breeding period (usually the male) can have nestling weight loss. drastic negative effects on nesting success. Although the remaining individuals of some species are able to compensate for the loss of METHODS their partner by increasing their own nestling provisioning rates (e.g. dark-eyed Juncos, Study site Junco hyemalis [Linnaeus, 1758]; Wolf et al. 1990), permanent parental removal more This study was conducted at isla Navarino typically results in a reduction in nestling mass (southern Patagonia, Chile; 54º56’ S, 67º38’ EFFECTS OF TEMPORARY PARENT REMOVAL IN BIRDS 225 W), between 21 and 25 November 2007. removal on provisioning effort. However, we Experiments occurred in a disturbed forest site cannot eliminate the possibility that sexes predominantly consisting of Nothofagus species differ in their response
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