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Relocation As an Approach for Conservation of Historical Buildings

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Relocation As an Approach for Conservation of Historical Buildings Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport Engineering and Technology Architecture department Relocation as an approach for conservation of historical buildings Presented by: RashaFawzy Ahmed Al-Borgy Egypt Research is submitted to Arab academy for science and technology and maritime transport to complete the requirement of the master’s degree In Architecture department Supervised by Prof. Dr. AlaaEldin Nagi Sarhan Prof. Dr. Mohamed Assem Hanafi Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Assoc. professor of Architecture, Engineering, Alexandria University Dept. of Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design, Arab Academy for 2003 Science and Technology. Rasha Fawzi Ahmed Al-Borgy 2010 I II III اﻷكاديمية العربية للعلوم و التكنولوجيا و النقل البحري كلية الهندسة و التكنولوجيا قسم عمارة نقل المباني كأحد أساليب الحفاظ على المباني التاريخية مقدمة من: رشا فوزي أحمد البرجي مصر رسالة مقدمة لﻷكاديمية العربية للعلوم والتكنولوجيا والنقل البحري ﻹستكمال متطلبات نيل درجة الماجستير في الهندسة المعمارية تحت إشراف أ.د./ محمد عاصم محمود حنفي أ.م.د./ عﻻء الدين ناجي سرحان أستاذ العمارة، كلية الهندسة أستاذ العمارة المشارك، كلية الهندسة والتكنولوجيا جامعة اﻻسكندرية. اﻷكاديمية العربية للعلوم و التكنولوجيا 3002 رشا فوزي أحمد البرجي 3002 IV DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this thesis that is not my own work has beenidentified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previouslybeen conferred on me. The contents of this thesis reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. Signature: Date: V بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم " اهلل ﻻ إلو إﻻ ىو الحي القيوم ﻻ تأخذه س نة وﻻ نوم لو ما في السموات و ما في اﻷرض من ذا الذي يشفع عنده إﻻ بإذنو يعلم ما بين أيدييم و ما خلفيم وﻻ يحيطون بشيئ من ع لمو إﻻ بما شاء وس ع ك رس ي و السموات و اﻷرض وﻻ يؤده حفظيما و ىو العلي العظيم" صدق اهلل العظيم سورة البقرة522 VI Abstract This paper studies the process of structure relocation as one of the possible means of preservation and conservation of these historically significant structures. Having this type of significance, these structures do reflect the culture, history and development of its society, a fact which clearly necessitates the invention of various preservation and conservation techniques. Many of these historically and architecturally significant structures and buildings have long been derelict or have been facing problems related to an increasingly ill-suited environment. Other such buildings are being premeditatedly sabotaged in order to get the utmost commercial or financial gain from the land upon which they are built. The present research focuses on structure relocation from two aspects. The first of these aspects is a theoretical one which itself is divided into two sections: the first of which is the study of a certain structure from an architectural point of view; the other section deals with the environment, surroundings, possible hazards which circumvent that structure and threaten its very existence. Any decision taking concerning this issue largely depends on these two previous aspects: the building itself and its surrounding environment. The second aspect of the research is an applied one where a number of domestic and international cases are analyzed. This research reached a number of conclusions: The current research enabled the researcher to gain a more profound understanding of structure relocation methods and techniques, which enriches, of course, our current perceptions as to the preservation and conservation of such important buildings. International and domestic bodies should be directed towards the use of such techniques. Landowners whose land property happens to have or contain historical structures should be encouraged to play a positive role in the preservation and conservation of VII these structures, and also should be allowed to gain commercially or financially from their land property by moving any such structures to other locations. Establishing new towns around the main cities and the establishing of major open museums in these areas would earn these areas great benefits and would greatly contribute to the preservation and conservation of such historically significant structures. Such an urban extension would highly encourage new investments in these areas, and would help remap planned urban development. Structure relocation as a preservation technique is a sure path towards bringing our cultural heritage to the limelight, instead of leaving it buried under heaps of negligence. Well-studied and professional media coverage concerning these issues would raise the awareness of preservation and conservation methods and techniques not just among the mainstream, but among such important classes of academics and interested laypeople as well. VIII Index: Abstract. Topics context Figure context 1-Introduction. 1 2-Heritage and Buildings of Great Cultural Value. 5 2.1 General Definitions 6 2.1.1 The definition of civilization 6 2.1.2 The definition of heritage 6 2.1.3 The definition of monument 7 2.2 Division of The Buildings Time-Bound 8 2.2.1 The historical building 8 2.2.2 The old building 9 a) buildings that are not of heritage value 9 b) old buildings that have heritage value 9 2-3 Classification of Heritage Buildings 10 2.3.1 Visually distinctive buildings in the city 11 a) Buildings of a local character b) Visually distinctive buildings c) Essential buildings for the general nature formation 2.3.2 Buildings reflecting authority 11 2.3.3 Buildings of an architectural value 11 2.4 Factors That Caused Deterioration for Valuable Buildings 12 2.5 Conservation of Old buildings 12 2.5.1 Defining conservation 12 2.5.2 Advantages of conservation 13 2.5.2.1 Advantages of urban conservation 13 2.5.2.2 Advantages of cultural conservation 13 IX 2.5.2.3 Advantages of the economical conservation 14 2.5.2.4 Advantage of sociality conservation 14 2.6 Applications Stages for Operations of Conservation 14 2.7 Standards That Evaluate the Building 16 2.7.1 The building‟s importance and historic value 16 2.7.2 The social significance 17 2.7.3 Aesthetic significance 17 2.7.4 The sentimental value 18 2.7.5 The individual importance of a building 18 2.8 Levels of preservation of historical buildings. 18 2.8.1 First Level: 19 a- The prevention of deterioration 2.8.2 Second Level: 19 a- Preservation b- Restoration c- Consolidation 2.8.3 The third level. 20 a- Adoptive Reuse b- Renovation 2.8.4 The Fourth Level: 21 a- Reconstruction b- Relocation 3- Relocation as an approach to the process of preserving an old building 22 3.1 The concept of preservation by relocating a building. 23 3.2 History of the process of relocating buildings. 24 3.2.1 Globally 24 3.2.2 Locally 27 3.3 Dimensions of the relocation of a building. 29 3.3.1 The hereditary value. 29 3.3.2 Constructional value. 30 X 3.3.3 The Economic Value. 30 3.4 Alternatives and suggestions: 31 3.4.1 Eliminating the causes of the problem: 31 3.4.2 Creating a protective environment of a protective element 31 3.4.3 The solidification of the building with other materials 32 3.4.4 The reuse of the building or the restoration its function: 32 3.4.5 The success of its incorporation into the constructional 32 development. 3.5 Relocation is the best alternative 32 3.5.1 The conservation of the building 33 3.5.2 The failure in dealing with the problem 33 3.5.3 The revival of the building‟s activity. 33 3.6 The decision to relocate: 33 3.6.1 The dangers which threaten the building: 34 a) Natural Causes: b) Man-made factors c) the technological factors 3.7 points should be (studied) before relocation of building 38 3.7.1 studying the original location and the new one 38 3.7.2 Distance 39 3.7.3 The building with a group of building 39 3.7.4 road's network 39 3.7.5 The validity of the new location from the construction point 39 3.8 The building's study 41 3.8.1 Architected studied 42 3.8.2 The building's structure system 42 3.8.3 The current building's situation 42 3.8.4 Previous restoration: 43 3.9 The economic study 44 XI 3.9.1 The new location price 44 3.9.2 The permanent supporting 44 44 3.9.3 Maintenance processes 3.9.4 maintenance's ways 44 a- the ancient buildings' grants b- Contribution for investment. c- owners and beneficiary contribution of the project d- encourages investors and governments 3.9.5 the building's outcomes 45 3.9.6 organizations and institutions 46 a- the government and how it is involved b- the universal organization's authority (As the UNESCO and others) 3.10 The types of buildings being relocated 46 4- The Relocation processes and their classification 4.1 The types of relocation. 49 4.2 The processes of preparing the building 50 4.2.1 Studying the structure system: 50 A-the foundation type. a- Firstly: the surface bases b-Secondly: deep foundation B- the kinds of building materials C – The isolation and finalization's materials D – The welding materials 4.2.2 Architectural studies 52 A- The study of the building's content B- Solid and void 4.3 The introductory procedures 53 XII 4.3.1 Architecture recording for the building 53 A - the internal content of the building B – The landscape if found 4.3.2 Taking samples for the durability is tests 54 4.3.3 Studying the surrounding environment 55 4.3.4 The passing study 56 A- The distance between the two places B- The road‟s content C- The kind of road from which 4.4 The restoration of the building after being moved 57 4.4.1 The architectural restoration 57 4.5 The classification of the movement process 58 58 4.5.1 The relocation by cutting down the building a- Detaching tests b- Preparing the executive designs c- The cutting method - Manual cutting - Electrical cutting.
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