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Design Document April 2014 Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development Design Document April 2014 1 Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development: Design Document Executive summary Introduction Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development (Pacific Women) is a 10 year program focused on enabling women and men across 14 countries in the Pacific to improve the political, social and economic opportunities for women. It reflects the Government of Australia’s commitment to work for improved equality and empowerment of women. Pacific Women will support Pacific countries to meet the commitments by Pacific leaders to work for gender equality. The Pacific Region The Pacific Islands region is vast and culturally diverse. Pacific island countries face many common challenges mostly related to geographic isolation, small dispersed populations and limited natural resources. Gender inequality is of particular concern. Violence against women is widespread; women’s participation in political leadership is among the lowest in the world; and there are multiple barriers to economic participation and empowerment of women. Policy Context In 2012 the leaders of Pacific Island countries committed to the Pacific Leaders’ Gender Equality Declaration. Through the declaration they undertook to implement specific national actions to progress gender equality with particular attention to areas of gender-responsive government programs and policies, decision-making, economic empowerment, ending violence against women, and health and education. Australian Government policy has focused for some time on the importance of gender equality for national economic and social development. The Australian Government has that gender inequality in the region is contributing to the undermining of long-term development. Pacific Women Delivery Strategy In 2012 a detailed Delivery Strategy was developed for Pacific Women. The Delivery Strategy established the interconnected nature of women’s disempowerment in the Pacific and the need for change across several areas including: • Enhanced knowledge and evidence base to inform policy and practice; • Strengthened women’s groups, male advocates and coalitions for change; • Positive social change towards gender equality and women’s agency; • Improved women’s leadership and decision-making opportunities; • Increased economic opportunities for women; • Reduced violence against women and expanded support services; • Improved gender outcomes in education and health. 2 The Delivery Strategy also identified the strong support and interest in working for women’s empowerment and development across the Pacific and the need to build from existing knowledge and capacity. The Delivery Strategy established the higher-level development outcomes sought by the program and outlined an overall implementation approach which included regional and country level activities. Pacific Women Design Process In 2013 the Delivery Strategy was developed into a program design to guide the implementation of Pacific Women. Consultations An extensive consultation process also included regional workshops hosted in Fiji and PNG. The key messages from these workshops suggested that while there was action across the Pacific towards addressing women’s inequality, it was insufficient to address the need. There was a major disjuncture between micro and macro level activities and between organisations working in the same areas. Work was often siloed, with poor sharing of information and learning. There was insufficient attention to identifying and recording evidence of outcomes and impact, and insufficient analysis of why or how change might happen. Alongside the consultation process, Pacific Women country plans were developed to cover the 14 Pacific Island Forum countries. The key message from the country plan design processes was that women’s experiences needed to be understood in their local context. The Pacific regional is vast and culturally diverse. There can be wide variation within any country, particularly between women who live in rural and urban areas. Responses and activities need to be grounded in good quality understanding of the local context and the sociocultural dynamics of the communities where women live and where children are socialised. The issues raised during the regional consultations and the Pacific Women country plan development provided the basis for the program design. The design document updates and extends the focus areas outlined in the Delivery Strategy. It provides information around program objectives and outcomes, theory of change, implementation and management and detailed systems for M&E. Lessons learned from previous programs Building on the analytical work of the Delivery Strategy, further desk-based analysis of previous programs in the Pacific and lessons learned has also helped to shape the final design of Pacific Women. Gender based violence The consultations supported the strong findings from the Delivery Strategy that violence is one of the most pervasive and severe limitations upon women in the Pacific. Recent research notes that violence is widespread and increasing. In many countries gender based violence is part of systematic control of women by their partners and family members. Further, that it has a devastating impact on the health and wellbeing of women, their families and communities. Attention needs to be given to expanding access to quality services for women and girls who are surviving violence. Indications are that this should start with increased support to existing services and development of new services at country level. This work should be undertaken in cooperation and consultation with existing service providers and other stakeholders including women themselves. Preventing violence is also important. Research identifies that this is not a simple process and there is limited evidence of effective violence prevention in the Pacific. It requires action on several levels including a broader supportive environment where national laws and policies prohibit violence and justice systems uphold sanctions against violence. It also requires attention to changing women’s and 3 men’s beliefs about the rights of women and about the unacceptability of violence as a way for men and women to relate. Changing social norms, values, practices and attitudes The values and attitudes of men and women were identified as significant barriers to gender equality in the Pacific. Women’s lack of agency, or their belief in their own self-worth and ability, limits both what they choose to do and what they expect of others. Perceptions that women have lower status than men create an environment of practical and legal discrimination from the household to the national arena. Significant structural and cultural barriers exist within the Pacific that continue to marginalise women from power, including colonial influences on traditional roles within the household and issues of land ownership. There is evidence that using mass media and entertainment programs can influence attitudes and values of women, especially when these processes are participatory and build from research about the current experience of women. To be effective this work needs to be tailored specifically for particular audiences. It also needs to be part of a package that includes services and resources that women can access if they decide to make changes in their lives. It is much harder to change attitudes and beliefs of men in the Pacific. Media and broad communication messages are less effective by themselves; messages from leaders, religious and traditional leaders as well as politicians, will not by themselves influence attitudes and behaviour of men. Men are likely to be influenced when there are multiple interventions reinforcing the same message and tailored to their context. There appears to be a role for Pacific Women to support Pacific stakeholders, including Pacific governments, organisations, communities, women and men, to develop their own solution to this challenge of how to change attitudes. This is likely to include attention to institutions such as schools, churches and media; work with Pacific men to develop strategies that fit their context; and scaling up the experience from existing successful community-based programs. Economic empowerment Women’s economic insecurity contributes to their lack of control over their own development and that of their family. World Bank research suggests that for women to exercise their agency they need to have access to economic security and some protection from economic shocks. Action in this area includes providing access for women to the formal economic system. This needs to sit alongside improvements within the informal economy, in particular around issues of safety, working conditions and improving incomes for women. Support is required to expand the effective work being undertaken at the community level through local savings schemes and to increase access to rural banking systems. Some countries in the Pacific are experimenting with social transfers and social insurance, and this may be an additional necessary option for economic security for some groups of women. This as an area where Pacific Women can add value through support for a broad range of economic development strategies for women, with attention to the most appropriate options for different contexts. The program can also work through other Australian aid bilateral and regional programs to influence existing governance and economic programs to ensure they promote and improve the economic
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