DOCSLIB.ORG

Defence Institution Building: Country Profiles and Needs Assessments for Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova Background Materials

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Defence Institution Building: Country Profiles and Needs Assessments for Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova Background Materials Philipp Fluri, Viorel Cibotaru (Eds.) Defence Institution Building: Country Profiles and Needs Assessments for Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova Background Materials Geneva 2008 1 ISBN 978-966-626-397-4 Defence Institution Building: Country Profiles and Needs Assessments for Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova Background Materials / Philipp Fluri, Viorel Cibotaru (Eds.) — Луганск: «Книжковий світ», 2008. — 134 с. This present volume gives the view on the questions held by civil society organisations and non-governmental experts in the Former Soviet Union countries (Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova). For the wide range of readers. Настоящее издание освещает основные проблемы деятельности гражданских общественных и неправительственных организаций в странах бывшего Советского Союза (Армения, Азербайджан, Грузия и Молдова). Для широкого круга читателей. ISBN 978-966-626-397-4 © Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2008 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Dr. Philipp Fluri, Viorel Cibotaru .................................................................................... 5 Introduction Dr. Philipp Fluri .............................................................................................................. 7 Country Study — Armenia Aghasi Yenokyan ............................................................................................................. 9 Defence Institution Building in Azerbaijan Tamara Pataraia, Tata Makhatadze.............................................................................. 30 Defence Institution Building in Georgia Tamara Pataraia .......................................................................................................... 49 Defence Reform in Moldova Dr. Viorel Cibotaru ........................................................................................................ 74 Intelligence Reform in Moldova O. Nantoi ...................................................................................................................... 93 Law Enforcement and Policing in Moldova Iurie Pintea ................................................................................................................. 102 Annex Questionnaire .............................................................................................................. 127 3 4 PREFACE On Partnership for Peace mandates from the Swiss Ministries of Defence and Foreign Affairs, the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) organised a series of activities in and for countries from the Former Soviet Union and the Western Balkans during 2006. The activities concerned comprised country profiles and needs assessments and various types of capacity building programmes for governmental and non-governmental experts (for details see the DCAF website at www.dcaf.ch). Preferential treatment was given to the three Caucasian republics and Moldova. The DCAF programme team, reinforced by a Senior Consultant, Dr. Hari Bucur-Marcu from the Bucharest based NATO Studies Centre, developed a comprehensive methodology for status documentation and identification of further cooperation needs. A two-pronged approach was chosen to solicit data from both governmental and non-governmental sources. Governments of all countries concerned were given the opportunity to comment on the findings before publication of a report on 15 May 2007. This report was published as Fluri/Bucur-Marcu (Eds.), Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building: Country Profiles and Needs Assessments for Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and Moldova. Geneva and Bucharest 2007 This present volume gives the view on the same questions held by civil society organisations and non-governmental experts. As the international community recognises and promotes civil society expertise and public oversight of the defence and security institutions, it is only befitting that civil society should be given the right to comment on questions dealing with defence and security transition in their home countries and regions. The opinions expressed hereunder are the invited experts’ personal opinions and do not represent DCAF’s nor the Swiss government’s positions. Thanks go to Melissa George, Laurence Durig and Alison Buchanan for preparing these texts for publication. Svetlana Loboda and her team took care again of all printing aspects of this volume in the DCAF Defence and Security Sector Institution Building series. Geneva, October 2007 The Editors 5 6 INTRODUCTION The Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building (PAP-DIB) aims at reinforcing efforts to initiate and carry forward reform and restructuring of defence institutions to meet the needs of Partner States of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and the commitments undertaken in the context of the Partnership for Peace (PfP) Framework Document and EAPC Basic Document, as well as the relevant Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents, including the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security. The PAP-DIB Status and Needs Report project was designed to reveal a picture of the political and conceptual readiness of nations in the Caucasus and the Republic of Moldova to develop and sustain efficient and democratically responsible defence institutions, including armed forces, under democratic and civilian control. It was also aimed at facilitating the allocation of national resources and international assistance efforts efficiently, through the identification of needs and requirements to ensure the functioning and efficiency of defence institutions and as a means of contributing to the harmonisation of operational cooperation between national and international agencies involved in defence institution building. The Status and Needs Report project explored the main issues of defence institutionalisation as stated in the PAP-DIB objectives and as agreed to by the Member States of the EAPC at the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Summit in Istanbul in 2004.1 This assessment was based on data collected from open sources whereby a clearly defined methodology was employed. This exercise aimed to produce an accurate assessment of the current status of different issues related to defence institution building, including gaps, shortfalls, overlaps and other relevant aspects. No qualifications, ratings or comparisons should result from this assessment. The purpose of this consolidated report is to present the findings resulting from assessment of the following states: Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova. 1 NATO On-line Library: NATO Basic Texts: Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building (PAP-DIB), Brussels 7 June 2004, available on-line at http://www.nato.int/docu/basictxt/b040607e.htm 7 8 COUNTRY STUDY — ARMENIA Aghasi Yenokyan, Director, Armenian Centre for Political and International Studies. Introduction Since the 1990s, the promotion of security sector governance has become a recognised item on national and international policy agendas. Westerns democracies began to promote democratic civil-military relations in particular in post-communist Eastern Europe and post-Soviet countries bilaterally, as well as through multilateral security institutions. From an institutional perspective, democratic governance of the security sector includes civilian control over the Ministry of Defence, other security related ministries and the military establishment on the whole. These units are governed by civilian defence ministers and civil servants, who act as policy-makers and carry out management roles. There is a clear division of professional responsibility between civilians and the military. Civilian control is needed essentially to prevent the military, which is an organised body that is legally empowered to use force on behalf of the state from challenging the state’s duly constituted political authority and dominant values. It ensures that the armed forces will not endanger the basic liberties, including popular sovereignty, which they are meant to protect. The discourse on this issue builds on the shared principles of civilian direction of the armed forces. These are some of its main features: • the existence of a clear legal and constitutional framework; • the hierarchical responsibility of the military to the government through the ministry; • the significant role of Parliament in legislating on defence; • the presence of a strong non-governmental expert component within the defence sector; • the existence of a developed civil society to establish permanent dialogue between concerned groups and military. At the same time, the establishment of democratic control is not an event, but a process. Because of the previous excessive concern for military secrecy, these issues were simply excluded from public debate in the Soviet system, a legacy that has continued to the present day. The concept of civilian control and political neutrality has not always been correctly understood by the (civilian) politicians of the new independent states. It is crucial that the international democratic community provides competent assistance to states that are in the process of implementing modern models bearing in mind the different historical and sociological realities involved. The Armenian government signed an Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) with the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in December 2005, by which the most combat-ready military forces in the Caucasian region moved
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Armenia: a Human Rights Perspective for Peace and Democracy
    6OJWFSTJU´U1PUTEBN "OKB.JIS]"SUVS.LSUJDIZBO]$MBVEJB.BIMFS]3FFUUB5PJWBOFO &ET "SNFOJB")VNBO3JHIUT1FSTQFDUJWF GPS1FBDFBOE%FNPDSBDZ )VNBO3JHIUT )VNBO3JHIUT&EVDBUJPOBOE.JOPSJUJFT Armenia: A Human Rights Perspective for Peace and Democracy Human Rights, Human Rights Education and Minorities Edited by Anja Mihr Artur Mkrtichyan Claudia Mahler Reetta Toivanen Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2005 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. © Universität Potsdam, 2005 Herausgeber: MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universität Potsdam Vertrieb: Universitätsverlag Potsdam Postfach 60 15 53, 14415 Potsdam Fon +49 (0) 331 977 4517 / Fax 4625 e-mail: [email protected] http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Druck: Audiovisuelles Zentrum der Universität Potsdam und sd:k Satz Druck GmbH Teltow ISBN 3-937786-66-X Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Es darf ohne vorherige Genehmigung der Herausgeber nicht vervielfältigt werden. This book is published with the financial support of the Volkswagen Stiftung -Tandem Project Berlin/ Potsdam, Germany. The publication can be downloaded as PDF-file under: www.humanrightsresearch.de An Armenian version of the publication which includes papers of the con- ference and carries the title “Armenia from the perspective of Human Rights” was published by the Yerevan State University in Armenia in Au- gust 2005 and made possible through
    [Show full text]
  • Mission in Armenia 29 March to 3 April 2008
    Mission in Armenia 29 March to 3 April 2008 June 2008 - N°499/2 Mission in Armenia, 29 March to 3 April 2008 FOREWORD Alerted by both the "Democracy in Armenia" group and the Civil Society Institute (an FIDH affiliate) to the violent repression that followed the presidential elections in this country in February 2008, the undersigned lawyers and jurist were mandated by the President of the Paris Bar Association (M. le Bâtonnier de l’Ordre des Avocats de Paris) and the International Union of Lawyers (l’Union Internationale des Avocats) on one hand and, on the other hand, the FIDH (International Federation of Human Rights). The mission visited Yerevan from 29 March to 3 April to report on the situation of the right to defend oneself and the right to freedoms in the Republic of ARMENIA following the events that took place in February and March 2008. INTRODUCTION Before considering the legal and juridical context of the mission's work, it is appropriate to recall some chronological milestones to put into perspective the current situation in Armenia and its evolution, seventeen years after the independence of the Republic of Armenia was proclaimed in the Southern Caucasus. - 21 September, 1991: the Republic of Armenia becomes independent following a referendum. - October 1991: Election by universal suffrage of Mr. Levon TER-PETROSIAN, who becomes the first President of the Republic of Armenia. - 1992-1994: Fighting in the autonomous region of Nagorno-Karabakh between the opposing Armenian self- defence forces and the Azerbaijan armed forces. A cease-fire comes into force on 14 May 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Armenian Terrorism and Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict of 1988-1994) End
    Karabakh Oleg KUZNETSOV, PhD in History, MCL (Moscow, Russia) First Terrorist War: A Look from Russia (Transnational Armenian Terrorism and Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict of 1988-1994) End. For the beginning, see İRS-Heritage 2 (21), 3 (22) 2015 n addition to numerous acts of terrorism and wide- spread terrorist crimes related to the organization by Iforeign nationals of illegal armed groups in the terri- tory of Armenia and their participation in the activities of such groups, representatives of the Armenian side to the conflict committed other crimes of a similar nature during the Karabakh war, facts that were recorded on the Azerbaijani side. First of all, we are talking about a Car in which journalist S. Asgarova, Lt-Col Larionov, Maj Ivanov and Sgt Goyek were shot dead by Armenian terrorists on 9 January 1991 58 www.irs-az.com 4(23), WINTER 2015 very specific terrorist crime like an armed insurgency, criminal liability for which is stipulated by Article 279 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The main qualifying feature of this criminal act is the motiva- tion and goal-setting of participation in the crime: those guilty of committing it take action to change the constitutional system or the territorial integrity of the country. Actions of this kind were committed by soldiers of Armenian origin under the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 336th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the 23rd Motorized Infantry Division of the 4th Army of the CIS Joint Armed Forces under the command of Major Seyran Ohanyan, who not only seized fighting equipment - infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-2) - without a military order, but also used them against Azerbaijani territorial defense units in the battle of 25 February 1992 for the town of Khojali, which subsequently led to mass deaths of civilians in this town.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Post-Revolution State - Building in Ukraine and Armenia
    CES Working Papers – Volume XII, Issue 1 Change or continuity? Exploring post-revolution state - building in Ukraine and Armenia Aram TERZYAN* Abstract The paper focuses on the post-Maidan and post-Velvet Revolution state-building in Ukraine and Armenia. Examining the cases of Ukraine and Armenia, the qualitative, comparative analysis presented in this paper uncovers some of the similarities and differences between the two post-Soviet revolutions in terms of their political and economic implications. The study suggests that, while the revolutions have given a strong impetus to political and economic reforms in oligarchy-driven and corruption-stricken Ukrainian and Armenian societies, the path to ultimate success involves overcoming the authoritarian legacy and developing democratic institutions. The analysis of the relationship between domestic change and foreign policy shows that in contrast to Ukraine, where the “choice for Europe” was the core rationale behind the Euromaidan, the domestic change in Armenia has not led to foreign policy shifts. Nevertheless, this study avoids reductionist explanations of external drivers of change. Rather, it treats the domestic actors as the key agents to transform the economic and political landscapes of the two post-Soviet countries. Keywords: Ukraine, Armenia, “Velvet Revolution”, Maidan Revolution, state-building, democracy consolidation Introduction The 2014 Maidan Revolution in Ukraine and the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia have considerably renewed scientific interest in post-soviet revolution studies, including in post-revolution state-building trajectories. This paper represents an attempt to uncover some of the similarities and differences between the two post-Soviet revolutions in terms of their domestic and foreign policy implications.
    [Show full text]
  • Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant Armenia*, ** International Covenant On
    United Nations CCPR/C/ARM/2-3 International Covenant on Distr.: General 22 November 2010 Civil and Political Rights Original: English Human Rights Committee Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant Joint second and third periodic reports of States parties Armenia*, ** [28 April 2010] * In accordance with the information transmitted to States parties regarding the processing of their reports, the present document was not formally edited before being sent to the United Nations translation services. ** Annexes can be consulted in the files of the Secretariat. GE.10-46857 (E) 031210 CCPR/C/ARM/2-3 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction........................................................................................................ 1–12 3 II. Implementation of the Covenant.......................................................................... 13–670 5 Article 1 ............................................................................................................. 13–66 5 Article 2 ............................................................................................................. 67–106 12 Article 3 ............................................................................................................. 107–152 18 Article 4 ............................................................................................................. 153–175 24 Article 5 ............................................................................................................. 176–179
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring of Armenian Broadcast Media Coverage of Elections to Ra National Assembly on April 2, 2017
    EU/CoE Joint Project Promote Professional and Responsible Journalism by Supporting Regional Network of Self-Regulatory Bodies MONITORING OF ARMENIAN BROADCAST MEDIA COVERAGE OF ELECTIONS TO RA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON APRIL 2, 2017 YEREVAN PRESS CLUB This document has been produced using funds of a Joint Project between the European Union and the Council of Europe. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the Council of Europe. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2017 YEREVAN PRESS CLUB www.ypc.am 2 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2017 CONTENTS RESULTS OF THE ELECTIONS TO RA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON APRIL 2, 2017 4 KEY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THE MONITORING OF COVERAGE OF 2017 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 5 REPORT ON MONITORING OF ARMENIAN BROADCAST MEDIA COVERAGE OF ELECTIONS TO RA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN 2017 7 GENERAL INFORMATION ON MONITORING 27 MONITORING METHODOLOGY 28 PARTIES/BLOCS INCLUDED IN THE LIST OF MONITORING 33 THE MEDIA STUDIED: BRIEF OVERVIEW 34 TABLES. PRE-ELECTION PROMOTION (MARCH 5-31, 2017) 35 TABLES. AHEAD OF PRE-ELECTION PROMOTION (FEBRUARY 15 - MARCH 4, 2017) 48 3 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2017 RESULTS OF THE ELECTIONS TO RA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON APRIL 2, 2017 On April 2, 2017, five parties and four blocs took part in the elections to the RA National Assembly by national electoral lists. On April 9, 2017, RA Central Electoral Commission announced the final voting results of the elections to the National Assembly. The votes cast for the parties/blocs were distributed in the following way (in percentage): Party/Bloc % 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia
    SAMVEL AVETISYAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING IN ARMENIA YEREVAN 2010 Dedicated to the memory of the author’s son, Sergey Avetisyan Approved for publication by the Scientifi c and Technical Council of the RA Ministry of Agriculture Peer Reviewers: Doctor of Economics, Prof. Ashot Bayadyan Candidate Doctor of Economics, Docent Sergey Meloyan Technical Editor: Doctor of Economics Hrachya Tspnetsyan Samvel S. Avetisyan Agriculture and Food Processing in Armenia – Limush Publishing House, Yerevan 2010 - 138 pages Photos courtesy CARD, Zaven Khachikyan, Hambardzum Hovhannisyan This book presents the current state and development opportunities of the Armenian agriculture. Special importance has been attached to the potential of agriculture, the agricultural reform process, accomplishments and problems. The author brings up particular facts in combination with historic data. Brief information is offered on leading agricultural and processing enterprises. The book can be a useful source for people interested in the agrarian sector of Armenia, specialists, and students. Publication of this book is made possible by the generous fi nancial support of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and assistance of the “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. The contents do not necessarily represent the views of USDA, the U.S. Government or “Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development” Foundation. INTRODUCTION Food and Agriculture sector is one of the most important industries in Armenia’s economy. The role of the agrarian sector has been critical from the perspectives of the country’s economic development, food safety, and overcoming rural poverty. It is remarkable that still prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia made unprecedented steps towards agrarian reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Serzh Sargsyan
    Poll: A Snapshot ahead of Armenia’s Presidential Elections Main findings 25 January 2013 CONTENT 1. Methodology and quality control of the survey 2. Interest and awareness in politics 3. The situation in Armenia 4. Voting intentions in the presidential elections 5. Voter characteristics and motivations 2 1. Methodology and quality control of the survey 3 Methodology • A multi-stage, random (probability) sampling design was used. In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSU) were selected from each of the administrative regional units. This was agreed as best methodology between TNS opinion and IPSC . • 1,607 interviews conducted face to face between 15 January – 20 January 2013. • Interviews were conducted in all 10 regions (marzes) of Armenia and in all Yerevan communities. The sample was distributed proportionally to reflect the population distribution in Armenia, with 34.1% of interviews conducted in Yerevan and 65.9 % in the marzes. • Interviewers selected households using the random walking method to ensure that there is no selection bias. To ensure a random selection, the person interviewed in each household was the adult whose birthday was closest to the day of the interview. • If a respondent was not immediately available, 1 to 2 call-back visits were done to conduct the interview later. If a call-back visit was not successful or if a respondent could not take part for other reasons, the interviewer approached the next randomly selected household according to the random walking method. • The sampling procedure was monitored by using a detailed contact sheet for each interviewer. The data base was analysed by TNS opinion in order to ensure that interviewers followed the instructions.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazm ENG.Cdr
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ................................................................................................................................ 7 I. INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION..................................................................................... 8 II. ABOUT THE NIS ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................13 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................18 IV. PROFILE OF CORRUPTION IN ARMENIA .................................................................... 23 V. ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................. 25 VI. FOUNDATIONS OF NIS ................................................................................................. 27 VII. NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM .................................................................................. 34 1. LEGISLATURE ...................................................................................................................... 34 2. PRESIDENT ........................................................................................................................ 48 3. EXECUTIVE .......................................................................................................................... 54 4. JUDICIARY ............................................................................................................................. 65 5. CIVIL SERVICE ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • O&M Volume 1
    OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 President's Budget March 2019 Volume 1 Part 2 of 2 Justification for FY 2020 United States Court for the Armed Forces Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Defense Acquisition Workforce Development Fund Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster and Civic Aid Office of the Inspector General Support for International Sporting Competitions Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide (This page intentionally left blank) Office of the Secretary of Defense Other Defense-Wide Base Programs Overseas Contingency Operations Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 President’s Budget TABLE OF CONTENTS Other Defense-Wide Baseline Programs CAAF United States Court for the Armed Forces .................................................3 CTR Cooperative Threat Reduction Program ....................................................13 DAWDF Department of Defense Acquisition Workforce Development Fund ............................67 OHDACA Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid ..........................................81 OIG Office of Inspector General .............................................................93 SISC Support for International Sporting Competitions ........................................127 Overseas Contingency Operations Requests OCO Summary by Operation/Funding Category .........................................................135 O-1 O-1 Line Item Summary ..................................................................137 DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency ..........................................................139
    [Show full text]
  • Here Is a Need for an Anti-Crisis Policy
    From Artsakh to Armenia: displaced children’s right to education. Summary This report focused on the rights of education of displaced children of the Republic of Artsakh in the Republic of Armenia, who flee their homeland due to the war of 2020 between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the territories of Artsakh. During negotiations regarding the disputed territory, the region and conflict are called Nagorno-Karabakh because it involves the unrecognized republic of Artsakh and 7 regions which were under Armenia forces control and were part of Artsakh’s administrative division and they were going to remain like that until the status of Artsakh was solved. So, during the whole report Artsakh and its 7 regions which were under Artsakh’s control, and were populated by indigenous Armenians who became now refugees, will be addressed as the Republic of Artsakh. Please note, that in direct quotations the region may be referred to as Nagorno-Karabakh. Although an agreement was signed and the war in Artsakh ended, not all displaced families want to go back, because now seven regions of Artsakh are under the control of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this report is to investigate how Armenia accommodates its obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill rights to education for displaced children of Artsakh. Despite the fact that it is not the first military conflict over territories of Artsakh, which caused forced displacement, no previously conducted fact-finding report was focused specifically on the right to education of children displaced to Armenia. This project aims to also increase awareness and draw the state's attention to the displaced children’s problems in Armenia, specifically their right to education.
    [Show full text]
  • Privatization, State Militarization Through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan University of Missouri-St
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-18-2014 Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Martirosyan, Anna, "Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia" (2014). Dissertations. 234. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan M.A., Political Science, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2008 M.A., Public Policy Administration, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2002 B.A., Teaching Foreign Languages, Vanadzor Teachers' Training Institute, Armenia, 1999 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School at the University of Missouri - St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science July 11, 2014 Advisory Committee David Robertson, Ph.D. (Chair) Eduardo Silva, Ph.D. Jean-Germain Gros, Ph.D. Kenneth Thomas, Ph.D. Gerard Libardian, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i
    [Show full text]