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National Institute of Genetics Japan ISSN 0077-4995 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS JAPAN ANNUAL REPORT No. 41 1990 Published by THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS Misima, Sizuoka-ken, Japan 1991 Annual Repor~ of ~he Na~ional Ins~i~ute of Genetics No. 41, 1990 Published by The National Institute of Genetics, Japan 1991 CONTENTS General statement .............................................. 1 Staff 2 Council and Advisory Committee. ................................ 5 Association for propagation of the knowledge of genetics 7 Projects of research for 1990 8 Reseach activities in 1990 13 I. Molecular Genetics The promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, I. Involvement of the C-terminal region of a subunit in recogni­ tion of cAMP-CRP-dependent promoters. IGARASHI, K., HAYWARD, R. S., FUJITA, N. and ISHIHAMA, A. 13 The promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, II. Comparison of three assay systems of the promoter strength. KOBAYASHI, M., NAGATA, K. and ISHIHAMA, A. 14 The promoter selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, III. Structural and functional modulations of RNA polymerase during phase transition of cell growth. OZAKI, M., FUJITA, N., WADA, A. and ISHIHAMA, A. 15 The promoter selectivity of Micrococcus luteus RNA polymerase: Identification and characterization of the major sigma factor. NAKAYAMA, M., FUJITA, N., aSAWA, S. and ISHIHAMA, A..... 16 Cloning and sequence determination of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rpbl gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA poly­ merase II. AZUMA, Y., YAMAGISHI, M., UESHIMA, R. and ISHIHAMA, A " 17 The promoter selectivity of influenza virus RNA polymerase: in vitro and in vivo analysis of the promoter structure. YAMA- NAKA, K., NAGATA, K. and ISHIHAMA, A. 18 Mechanism of growth inhibition of influenza virus by the mouse Mx gene. NAKAYAMA, M., NAGATA, K., IWAKURA, Y., KATO, A. and ISHIHAMA, A. 19 Expression of human thymidylate synthase minigenes : Enhancer- ii ANNUAL REPORT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS NO. 41 like activity in intron 1. KANEDA, S., HORIE, N., TAKEISHI, K., AYUSAWA, D. and SENO, T. 20 Cell-cycle directed regulation of human thymidylate synthase gene. TAKAYANAGI, A., KANEDA, S., AYUSAWA, D. and SENO, T. .. 21 Mechanism ofDNA degradation during thymidylate stress in mam- malian cells. YAMAO, F., IMAI, N. and SENO, T. 22 Vbiquitin-activating enzyme as a determinant of cell-cycle pro- gerssion. AYUSAWA, D., KANEDA, S. and SENO, T. 22 DNA supercoiling and eukaryotic transcription-Cause and effect. HIROSE, S. and OHTA T. 23 Negative supercoiling of DNA with eukaryotic DNA topoiso­ merase II and dextran sulfate. OKADA, K., OHTA, T. and HIROSE, S. 24 Core promoter of the mouse myelin basic protein gene governs brain-specific transcription in vitro. TAMURA, T., SUMITA, K., HIROSE, S. and MIKOSHIBA, K. 24 Identification and purification of a Bombyx mori homologue of FTZ-F1. VEDA, H. and HIROSE, S. 25 Search for target genes of Drosophila homeotic genes. HAYASHI, S. and HIROSE, S. 25 Molecular cloning of fleabug, a gene controlling segmentation of larva and adult. HAYASHI, S., SHIRRAS, A. and HIROSE, S. .. 26 Identification and characterization of a gene strawberry which is required for organization of sensory organs. HAYASHI, S., WATANABE, J. and HIROSE, S. 26 Demonstration of extrinsic DNA from immune complexes in the plasma of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. TERA- DA, K., OKUHARA, E., KAWARADA, Y. and HIROSE, S. .. ... .. 27 In vitro recombination system using nuclear extract from mouse testis cells. KOIDE, T., SAGAI, T., SHIROISHI, T. and MORI- WAKI, K. 27 Gene expression at the wx locus of rice (Oryza sativa). HIRANO, H. Y. and SANO, Y. 28 Cloning and characterization of restriction fragments homologous to B-1 sequences in cytoplasmic male sterile rice. YAMADA, M 29 CONTENTS iii II. Microbial Genetics Mutational analysis of the minus strand origin of bacteriophage f1. HIGASHITANI, N., ROTH, A., HIGASHITANI, A. and HORI- UCHI, K. 31 SOS induction in E. coli by infection with mutant filamentous phages that are defective in complementary strand synthesis. HIGASHITANI, N., HIGASHITANI, A. and HORIUCHI, K. 33 Replication of filamentous phage fl: Relationship between DNA topology and the nicking activity of the initiator protein (gpII). HIGASHITANI, A. and HORIUCHI, K. 34 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the ispA gene responsible for farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity in Escherichia coli. FUJISAKI, S., HARA, H., NISHIMURA, Y., HORIUCHI, K. and NISHINO, T. 36 Kinetic study on thranscription by immobilized operons: Re­ quirement for 13, r-pyrophosphate bond of ATP in initiation by prokaryotic RNA polymerases. TERADA, H. and SHIMA- MOTO, N. 37 Single-molecule dynamics of transcription by immobilized operons: Sliding of RNA polymerase on DNA. SHIMAMOTO, N. ..... 37 Structural study on E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein. SHIMAMOTO, N., TsuKIHARA, T., TAKAHASHI, K. and KAMATA, K 38 111. Mammalian Genetics Genetic and geographical differentiation of Mus musculus sub­ species in China. MORIWAKI, K., MIYASHITA, N., SUZUKI, H., TSUCHIYA, K., YONEKAWA, H., WANG, C. H., HE, X. Q. and JIN, M. L. 39 A high incidence of visible mutation in intra-MHC recombinants. SHIROISHI, T., SAGAI, T. and MORIWAKI, K. 40 Rescue of lethal adrenal-dysgenic mice through transgenesis. GOTOH, H., SHIROISHI, T. and MORIWAKI, K. 41 Genetic control of susceptibility to urethane-induced lung tumor in mice. MIYASHITA, N. and MORIWAKI, K. 43 Amplified EF2 related sequence (MER) in mouse genome. KOIDE, T., SHIROISHI, T., ISHIURA, M. and MORIWAKI, K. 43 iv ANNUAL REPORT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS NO. 41 A new haplotype of the mouse j3-globin genes, Hbbw], in north­ western China. KAwASHIMA, T., MIYASHITA, N., SHIROISHI, T., YAN, W. C., HUAI, W. C. and MORIWAKI, K. 44 Establishment of embryonic stem cell lines from BlO. H-2 congenic strains. SAGAI, T., NAKATSUJI, N., SHIROISHI, T. and MORI- WAKI, K. 4$ Comparison of the DNA sequence in the D-loop region of mouse mitochondrial DNA. Four maternal lineages in the southern population of Japanese "molossinus" mice. YONEKAWA, H., WATANABE, S., MIYASHITA, N. and MORIWAKI, K. 46- Sperm head abnormalities in interspecific hybrids between Mus musculus and M. spretus, and M. spicilegus. NIWA, M., MITA, A. and MORIWAKI, K. 47 IV. Developmental and Somatic Cell Genetics Head regeneration and budding in Hydra. SUGIYAMA, T. 49 A cDNA clone specific for stenotele differentiation in Hydra. FUJISAWA, T. 50 Ovipositing behavior in Bombyx adults. a. Non-mated females. MURAKAMI, A. 50 Oviposition behavior in Bombyx audlts. b. Mated females. MURA- KAMI, A. 51 Genetic studies on growth and aging in the silkworm (Bombyx Mori). a. Growth rate in growth period. MURAKAMI, A. '" 52 Genetic studies on growth and aging in the silkworm (Bombyx Mori). b. Growth rate in the pupal stage. MURAKAMI, A. " 54 Genetic studies on growth and aging in the silkworm (Bombyx Mori). c. Embryonic diapause as a prolongation of lifespan. MURAKAMI, A. 55 A new approach to major genes which control lifespan in insects. YONEMURA, I., HASEKURA, H., OKUNO, A. SHIMIZU, Y. and MURAKAMI, A. 57 Premeability of eggs and abnormal development in Drosophila. MINATO, K. 59' Conditional radiation sensitivity in the wasted mouse mutant. TEZUKA, H., AYUSAWA, D. and SENO, T. 60 Purification and structure analysis of an autocrine growth factor CONTENTS v in conditioned medium obtained from primary cultures of scleral fibroblasts of the chick embryo. OHOYA, Y., WATA- NABE, K. and SHIMAMOTO, N. 61 In vitro amplification of whole cDNA from a single embryo of the nematode C. elegans and its application to differential screen- ing. KOHARA, Y. 61 V. Population Genetics Theoretical study of near neutrality. I. Heterozygosity and rate of mutant substitution. OHTA, T. and TACHIDA, H. 64 How gene families evolve. OHTA, T. 64 Evolution of the multigene family: A case of dynamically evolving genes in the major histocompatibility complex. OHTA, T. 65 The major histocompatibility complex and the quest for origins. KLEIN, J. and TAKAHATA, N. 66 Allelic genealogy and MHC polymorphisms. TAKAHATA, N. 66 Population biology of genes and molecules. TAKAHATA, N. and CROW, J. F. (Eds.) 67 Allelic genealogy under overdominant and frequency-dependent selection and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex loci. TAKAHATA, N. and NEI, M. 68 A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism. TAKAHATA, N 69 Genealogy of neutral genes in two partially isolated populations. TAKAHATA, N. and SLATKIN, M. 70 Incomplete maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila. KONDO, R., SATTA, Y., MATSUURA, E. T., ISHI- WA, H., TAKAHATA, N. and CHIGUSA, S. I. 71 Evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA and the history of the melanogaster subgroup. SATTA, Y. and TAKAHATA, N. ..... 71 A study on a nearly neutral mutation model in finite populations. TACHIDA, H. 72 Fixation probability in spatially changing environments. TA- CHIDA, H. and IIZUKA, M. 73 Relationship between DNA polymorphism and fixation time. vi ANNUAL REPORT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS NO. 41 TAJIMA, F. 73 Relationship between migration and DNA polymorphism in a local population. TAJIMA, F. 74 A simple graphic method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from molecular data. TAJIMA, F. 74 Some consideration on diversifying selection. TAJlMA, F. and MUKAI, T 75 An estimate for the total rate of mutations in humans. KIMURA, M 75 Recessive hereditary deafness, assortative mating, and persistence of a sign language. AOKI, K. and FELDMAN, M. W. 76 Some theoretical aspects of the origin of cultural transmission. AOKI, K 77 VI. Evolutionary Genetics Evolutionary origin of human and SImIan immunodeficiency viruses. GOJOBORI, T., MORIYAMA, E. N., IKEo, K. and INA, Y 7'i!. Statistical methods for estimating sequence divergenece. GOJOBO- RI, T., MORIYAMA, E. N. and KIMURA, M. 78 Molecular clock of viral evolution, and the neutal theory. GoJO- BORI, T., MORIYAMA, E. N. and KIMURA, M. 79- Patterns of amino acid substitutions in the envelope protein of human immunodeficiency viruses and its application to vaccine development. GOJOBORI, T.
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