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Chapter-VII Conclusion - Future Directions - Suggestions

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Chapter-VII Conclusion - Future Directions - Suggestions Chapter-VII Conclusion - Future Directions - Suggestions ~-- VII.l. INTRODUCTION The present study has sought to make an analysis of the problems of urban development with a focus on urban habitat and levels of development in the district of Koch Bihar. Data and information collected for this purpose have been made available through interviews of the councilors and elected members, officials and the general people or citizens, on the basis of prepared questionnaires and also gathered from available primary documentary and secondary sources. The state of Koch Bihar, which once formed a part of ancient kingdom of Kamrupa, Khens, Koch has a great historical tradition. Even after the independence of India, Koch Bihar still remained a feudatory native state in political relation with the Govt. of India under Hindu King- the Maharaja of Koch Bihar. In January, 1950, Koch Bihar merged with the state of West Bengal is presently the farthest north-eastern border district of West Bengal adjacent to Assam and Bangladesh. The district forms six municipal towns and four census towns. Most of the towns situated along the rivers and the morphology of these towns are characterized by Government and public buildings, crossing roads, tanks or Dighis, parks, bus stop, shop and establishments, markets or bazaar, playground and temples etc .The urban population in different towns in the district has grown steadily. Except Mekhliganj, the district of urban population becomes high to very high (5001 - 9000 per 2 km ). This is due to the flock of the people from the country side to towns for inadequate . of job opportunities and other facilities like education, medical services, water supply, conservancy and the migrants come from Bangladesh for political disturbances. The urban sex ratio of different towns of Koch Bihar district is very high i.e, above 900 females per thousand males. The sex ratio in the urban areas of this district is recorded highest in Kharimala Khagrabari census town (981 females per thousand males) Except Mekhliganj and Haldibari, literacy rate is also high i e, above 80% in the urban areas of this district. According to the census 2001, the highest literacy is to be found in Tufanganj municipal town comprising 85.46% literacy followed by Cooch Behar. The scheduled caste population is found in all towns of this district. It is recorded highest in Mekhliganj municipal town comprising 50.92% followed by Haldibari (32.58%). But the proportion of scheduled tribe populatio'n is negligible. Among different towns of this district the percentage of S.T. population is highest in Haldibari municipal town comprising only 1.77% of the district .The work participation in other activities or services is comparatively high with 92.91 %of the total working population followed by household 194 industries with only 4.4 % of the total workers in the urban sectors of this district. The participation in cultivation and agricultural pursuits are very low in the urban areas of this district with only 1.1 %and 1.6% respectively. The discussion on the levels of socio economic development reveals that in the urban areas of this district class II town Cooch Behar has the highest levels of socio economic development followed by class III town Dinhata and Mathabhanga. It is also to be noted that among class IV towns of this district, Tufanganj has the highest level of socio economic development and Mekhliganj has the lowest level of socio economic development. The infrastructural facilities v1z, transport and communication, post and telegraph, medical and public health , guest house and hotels are to be found highest in class II town Cooch Behar followed by class III town Dinhata and Mathabhanga and class IV town Tufanganj. Other class IV towns viz. Haldibari and Mekhliganj have the lowest level of infrastructural facilities. The people's perception based on field survey on different levels of perception of urban development among slum people, middle class people and high class people, councilors and officials interviewed in six municipal and four census towns of Koch Bihar district. The perception of slum people in six municipal towns is recorded highest in urban amenities followed by medical facilities and industrialization. The maximum proportion of the perception of the middle income people are belonged to the industrialization only exception is found in Haldibari municipal town where the highest perception is noticed in medical facilities. The middle class people have also great demand of adequate transport and medical facilities for urban development in Mekhliganj and Haldibari municipal town. Besides middle class people also perceives on education and urban amenities for urban development. The proportion of perception of high income group of businessman is highest in transport network. Next to transport the score value of the respondents are industrialization and medical and educational facilities. On the other hand the perception of slum people in four census towns is recorded highest in urban amenities like connection of drinking water, house light, street light, conservancy services etc. Next to amenities is the construction of roads, culvert etc followed by educational institution. The perception of middle class people in four census towns covers all aspects mentioned according to the priority. The maximum proportion of their perception is belonged to the industrialization followed by urban amenities, education and transport development. The proportion of perception of higher income group is highest in transport network followed by industrialization and urban amenities. '195 VII.2 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT: The development of a region may be assessed in several ways. To examine the levels of demographic, socio economic and infrastructural development in the urban areas of Koch Bihar district, six municipal towns are chosen as the unit area of the study. The data have been collected from the census of India, Koch Bihar District Census Hand book, Statistical Hand book of Cooch Behar and Official records. In order to assess the levels of development 43 indicators or variables of demographic,' socio economic and infrastructure haye been selected purposively and taken into account as given in Table VII.l. Table- Vll.l Selected Indicators or Variables Indicators ....0 -Col or Definitions ~ 00 variables Urban Population of six municipal towns ofKoch Bihar district xl (2001) Xz Density of urban population of six municipal towns( 2001) x3 Percentage of Urban Population of six municipal towns(200 1) Decadal growth of urban population of six municipal towns x4 (1991-01) ....Col x4 Sex Ratio of urban population of six municipal towns(200 1) -=~ ~ Xs Literacy of urban population of six municipal towns(200 1) J. CJ) 0 Percentage of scheduled caste population urban population of 8 x6 ~ six municipal towns(200 1) ~ Percentage of scheduled tribe. population of six municipal X? towns Xs Percentage of Agricultural labour of six municipal towns x9 Percentage of Cultivators of six municipal towns XIO Percentage of Household industrials of six municipal towns xll Percentage of other workers of six municipal towns x1z Number of Primary schools of six municipal towns x13 Primary schools student Ratio of six municipal towns ....Col 8 x14 Primary teacher Student Ratio of six municipal towns 0 Number of Secondary and Higher Secondary schools of six =0 Col x1s ~ municipal towns I x16 Secondary school - student ratio of six municipal towns ....0 Col 0 x17 Secondary teacher- student Ratio of six municipal towns 00 XIS Number of General Colleges of six municipal towns Xzo College Student Ratio of six municipal towns 196 xz1 College Teacher-Student Ratio of six municipal towns Xzz Number. of Cinema halls of six municipal towns x23 Number of Libraries of six municipal towns x24 Number of Parks of six municipal towns :x25 Number ofPlay grounds of six municipal towns Xz6 Number of community halls of six municipal towns Xz7 Number of water connections of six municipal towns Xzg Number of latrines of six municipal towns Xz9 Number. of electric connections of six municipal towns x3o Number of fire brigade stations of six municipal towns x31 Number. of commercial banks of six municipal towns x32 Road length (kms) of six municipal towns Number ofPassenger Vehicles (N.B.S.T.C) of six municipal x33 towns x34 Number of Private minibuses of six municipal towns x35 Number of Post offices of six municipal towns ~ -I. Number of Post office per thousand populations of si;x: municipal x36 =eo~ towns -I.= rl.l x37 Number of Telephone Exchanges of six municipal towns -~ .:== x38 Number of land phone connections of six municipal towns """" x39 Number. of S.T.D. Booths of six municipal towns Number of Medical Institutions (Hospital) of six municipal x4o towns, x41 Total number of beds of the hospitals in six municipal toWns x42 Number of Doctors. of six municipal towns X43 Total number of patient treated per day in six municipal towns METHODOLOGY In my present study all the, above indicators or variable, of demographic, Socio­ economic and infrastructural development are analyzed with the help of ' Z ' score or standardized score statistical technique for the period. 2001. The technique has been explained as follows: X -X Zij = -----'-1-- a Where Zij =Standard score ofthe observation. X 1 =Original value ofthe observation. X = Mean value for all the values ofX. a = Standard deviations of X . 197 Further the results of the standard score obtained from the different indicators were aggregated by Composite Standard Score (CSS). So that the regional disparities in the levels of development of the urban areas of Koch Bihar district may be obtained on a common scale, it is expressed as Composite Standard Score (CSS) = I ZiJ where Zij N indicates. ' Z ' Score of an indicator ' j ' in town ' i ' and ' N ' refers to number of indicators. The ' Z ' score of these three sectors finally added to determine the overall pattern of inequality in the levels of development.
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