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An Administrative History of Minute Man National Historical Park

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An Administrative History of Minute Man National Historical Park National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior History Program Northeast Region Bridging the Past ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY MINUTE MAN NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK BRIDGING THE PAST AN ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF MINUTE MAN NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK JOAN ZENZEN PREPARED UNDER COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2010 Cover Illustration: Sheep on Historic Battle Road passing the Ephraim Hartwell Tavern, Minute Man National Park. From the Collection of Minute Man National Historical Park This report was completed in 2007 but not edited and printed until 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ............................................................................................................................... v List of Maps ........................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. ix List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... xi Key Findings ......................................................................................................................................xiii Chapters Commemoration .................................................................................................................................. 1 Preservation ........................................................................................................................................ 27 Making a Park ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Getting Ready ................................................................................................................................... 113 Bicentennial ...................................................................................................................................... 151 Touch the Past .................................................................................................................................. 191 Management Planning ..................................................................................................................... 217 Reaching Out, Bringing Together .................................................................................................. 257 Advocacy and Partnerships ............................................................................................................ 285 For the Future ................................................................................................................................... 323 Epilogue ............................................................................................................................................. 351 Appendices Massachusetts Resolve, 1924 .......................................................................................................... 353 Arthur Shurcliff 1925 Report .......................................................................................................... 355 Order Designating Minute Man National Historic Site ............................................................. 359 Minute Man Enabling Legislation, Public Law 86-321 ............................................................... 363 Minute Man 1970 Amendment, Public Law 91-548 ................................................................... 365 Minute Man 1992 Amendment, Public Law 102-488 ................................................................. 367 Cooperative Agreement with Town of Concord ......................................................................... 371 Park Map ........................................................................................................................................... 375 MIMA Superintendents and Dates of Service ............................................................................. 377 Annual Visitation Numbers ............................................................................................................ 379 Annual Budget .................................................................................................................................. 381 MIMA Organizational Charts ........................................................................................................ 383 Funded Projects FY1997 to FY2006 .............................................................................................. 397 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 401 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Cover. Hartwell Tavern Figure 1. 1836 Battle Monument ............................................................................................ 22 Figure 2. Daniel Chester French, Minute Man Statue ........................................................ 23 Figure 3. North Bridge ............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4. Grave of British Soldiers ......................................................................................... 24 Figure 5. North Bridge ............................................................................................................. 58 Figure 6. Edwin Small with Director Conrad Wirth and others ........................................ 59 Figure 7. Contemporary House along Route 2A, Lincoln .................................................. 60 Figure 8. Paul Revere Motel .................................................................................................... 60 Figure 9. Buttrick Ice Cream Stand ........................................................................................ 61 Figure 10. Hinds Turkey Farm ................................................................................................. 61 Figure 11. Elisha Jones (Bullet Hole) House ........................................................................ 107 Figure 12. Stedman Buttrick Residence ................................................................................ 107 Figure 13. The Wayside .......................................................................................................... 108 Figure 14. The Wayside Interior ........................................................................................... 108 Figure 15. The Wayside Parlor .............................................................................................. 109 Figure 16. Jacob Whittenmore House .................................................................................. 109 Figure 17. Fiske Hill Information Shelter ............................................................................ 148 Figure 18. Job Brooks House ................................................................................................. 148 Figure 19. Joshua Brooks House ........................................................................................... 149 Figure 20. Samuel Hartwell House ....................................................................................... 150 Figure 21. Minute Man Statue Casting ................................................................................. 187 Figure 22. Reenactors ............................................................................................................. 188 Figure 23. People’s Bicentennial Commission on Hill ....................................................... 189 Figure 24. People’s Bicentennial Commission at North Bridge ........................................ 189 Figure 25. Gerald Ford at North Bridge ............................................................................... 190 Figure 26. Battle Road Visitors Center ................................................................................. 213 Figure 27. Major John Buttrick House ................................................................................. 213 Figure 28. Ephraim Hartwell Tavern .................................................................................... 214 Figure 29. Samuel Hartwell House ghost structure ............................................................ 214 Figure 30. Captain William Smith House ............................................................................. 215 Figure 31. Battle Road Trail ................................................................................................... 319 Figure 32. Battle Road Trail Boardwalk ............................................................................... 319 Figure 33. Meriam House ....................................................................................................... 320 Figure 34. Noah Brooks Tavern ............................................................................................ 320 Figure 35. Samuel Brooks House .......................................................................................... 321 v LIST OF MAPS Map 1. Battle Road, 1775 ......................................................................................................... 24 Map 2. Battle Road, Structures, 1775 West ........................................................................... 25 Map 3. Battle Road, Structures,
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