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From Andaman and Nicobar Island, India J Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2015; 3(9):804-813 ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article Check List of Indian Gorgonians Wwith A New Report of Melithaea variabilis (Family : Melithaeidae) From Andaman and Nicobar Island, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar*, C. Raghunathan Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair 744102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands *Corresponding author J. S. Yogesh Kumar Email: [email protected] Abstract: The present checklist provides 171 species belonging to 36 genera, 12 families of gorgonian reported from Indian waters based on through literature compilation. In addition, the morphological feature of newly recorded Melithaea variabilis (Hickson, 1905) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been presented. Keywords: Gorgonian, Melithaeidae, Melithaea variabilis, Check List, Andaman, India. INTRODUCTION on Canon G15 camera. The identified sample was The order Gorgonacea is commonly called as a deposited in the National Zoological Collection of ZSI, seafans; it is divided into three suborders namely Port Blair. Calcaxonia, Holaxonia and Scleraxonia. The taxonomic studies on gorgonians species along the seacoast of RESULT AND DISCUSSTION India and its adjacent waters have been studied by Pratt In India, a aggregate of 171 species, belonging [1,2]. According to Thomas et al.[3] in India 27 species to 36 genera and 12 families have been recorded, of of gorgonians belonging to 8 families and 19 genera which Melithaea variabilis gorgonian octocoral was have been reported. Among them, 15 species of new distribution record to Andaman and Nicobar gorgonian belonging to 15 genera and 5 families Islands. The species identification was made based on reported from the Gulf of Mannar, 14 species under 5 the variations in sclerites and morphological characters. families and 10 genera from the Palk Pay region, 12 A detail observation and careful examination in the species of gorgonians from 4 families and 9 genera have morphological character and sclerites presented with a been reported from the northeast coast of India, 10 description given below. species, 6 genera and 2 families from Arabian coast and Phylum: Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888 8 species under 7 genera and 5 families were reported Class: Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1831 from Lakshadweep. Only 3 species of gorgonians Order : Gorgonacea Lamouroux, 1816 reported from the Gulf of Kachchh [4-10]. However, in Family: Melithaeidae Gray, 1859 the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 59 species belonging Species: Melithaea variabilis (Hickson, 1905) (Figure to 26 genera, 8 families and 3 suborders of gorgonian 1&2) were reported, among them 44 species belonging to 24 Melithaea variabilis (Hickson, 1905) BT. Reijnen et genera and 7 families are new to India9. The present al.,2014, p395, T4 study detailed one newly recorded gorgonian species Acabaria variabilis (Hickson, 1905) Anita Mary et from North Andaman and an updated checklist of al.(2014), P14, Pl6 gorgonian species found in India water based on Acabaria variabilis (Hickson, 1905) Anita Mary et published literatures [11, 12, 3, 13, 14, 9]. al.(2011), P4, Fig.5 Melitodes variabilis Thomson and Simpson, 1909; pl69, MATERIALS AND METHODS Fig. 11 The samples were collected during the survey Melitodes variabilis Hickson, 1905; 809, pl67, Fig.11. by SCUBA diving at Landfall Island, North Andaman and preserved in 70% ethanol following Breedy [15]. Material Examined: ZSI/ANRC: 10854, Live The specimen was identified based on the specimen: 6.2 cm length, 5.5 cm width; depth 12; morphological characteristics of the colony and sclerites Landfall Island (Lat. 13038.501 N; Long. 093059.812 structure. Sclerites were extracted by 5% Sodium E), North Andaman; live specimen under overhang in Hypochlorite [16] and examined under the compound caves, reef slope environment. and stereo microscope (Labovision AXR 20; Leica – DFC 500) and underwater pictures were taken with the 804 Yogesh Kumar JS et al., Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., September 2015; 3(9):804-813 Description: Colony white and nodes are pink in colour archipelagos. Cambridge: Cambridge University when live and dried. The sample “Y” shaped or Press, 1903;503-539. dichotomously branched. The polyps are pink or red in 2. Thomson JA, Simpson JJ; An account of the colour and distinct, present all around the branches. alcyonarians collected by the R.I.M.S.S. investigator in the Indian Ocean II. The Sclerites: Colourless in the cortex, internode creamy or alcyonarians of the littoral area. Calcutta: The India white and pink colours in the nodes. The size of the Museum. 1909; Xii+319. sclerites range between 0.04mm to 0.129mm. In the 3. Thomas PA, Rani Mary George, Lazarus S: cortex spindle are lump or leaf like and leaf clubs are in Distribution of gorgonids in the Northeast coast of the calyx walls. India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of Marine Biological Depth range and Habitat: 10 to 60 m; mostly reef Association of India, 1995;37(1&2): pp.134-142. crest, shaded areas, caves, current swept slopes and 4. Thomas PA, Rani Mary George; Gorgonid calm environment. Resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, CMFRI, Distribution: Red Sea, Maldives, Indo-Pacific, Indian Cochin, 1987; 74; 1-14. Ocean, India: Andaman Islands. 5. Usha Bhagirathan SK, Panda, Madhu VR, Meenakumari B; Occurrence of live octocorals in Remarks: Melithaea variablis is a new distribution the trawling grounds of Veraval coast of Gujarat, record to Andaman coast. Arabian Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and The genus Acabaria was identified based on Aquatic Sciences, 2008; 8:369-372. the morphological character, coloured nodes [17] and 6. YogeshKumar JS, Raghunathan C, Venkataraman reported in a depth range between 55 – 60 m from K; Studies on new findings of Gorgoniidae from Maldives and Lakshadweep18, after that the sample Ritchie’s Archipelago Andaman and Nicobar observed at 11 meters depth at Muttom, Arabian sea Islands. International Journal of Science and and Minicoy Atoll, Lakshadweep by Anita Mary et al. Nature, 2012; 3(2):395-405. [19,20]. Reijnen et al. [21] synonymise four genera 7. YogeshKumar JS, Geetha S, Satyanarayana Ch, (Acabaria, Clathraria, Mopsella and Wrightella) Venkataraman K, Kamboj RD; New Species of soft belongs to genus Melithaea and family Melithaeidae corals (Octocorallia) on the reef of Marine National based on the molecular taxonomy. The present study Park, Gulf of Kachchh. Journal of Pharmaceutical observed distribution of Melithaea variabilis in 12m and Biological Research , 2014; 2(1):50-55. depth at Landfall Island, North Andaman. Nearly 171 8. YogeshKumar JS, Raghunathan C, Venkataraman species of Gorgonian octocorals are known from the K; Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the seas around the India, of which about 30 species Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. “Marine belonging to 18 genera reported from different places in Faunal Diversity in India, Taxonomy, Ecology and India by Thomas et al. [11,12,3], from southeast coast Conservation”, Krishnamoorthy Venkataraman and total 121 species under 34 genera were identified by Chandrakasan Sivaperuman (Eds.). Elsevier’s Antony Fernando [11]. In Andaman and Nicobar Science and Technology Rights Department in Islands, 56 species under 26 genera are reported by Oxford, UK. DOI, Chapter – 2, 2014;15 – 33. YogeshKumar et al. [9]. The present study indicates the 9. YogeshKumar JS, Raghunathan C, Raghuraman R, addition to the diversity index of this marine ecosystem. Sreeraj CR, Venkataraman K; Handbook on It is anticipated that several extensive studies are Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and needed in the near future to reveal addition of species Nicobar Islands. Published by the Director, content of this Archipelago. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 2014;1-119. 10. Geetha S, YogeshKumar JS, Sornaraj R; Status of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Gorgoniidae (Octocorallia) from the Gulf of The authors are thankful to the Department of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, South Science and Technology (DST) and Science and India. American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Engineering Research Board (SERB) for financial Research , 2014;2 (6): 88 – 97. support to undertake the survey and the Director, 11. Thomas PA, Rani Mary George; A systematic Zoological Survey of India and Ministry of appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) of the Indian Seas. Journal of the Marine Biological for faculties provided. Association of India, 1986;28:96-112. 12. Thomas PA, Rani Mary George; Discovery of a REFERENCE deep water gorgonid off Bombay and Its qualitative 1. Pratt EM; Alcyonaria of Maldives. Part II. The appraisal. Proceeding of the first workshop on genera Sarcophytum, Lobophytum, Sclerophytum scientific results of Forv Sagar Sampada, 5-7 June, and Alcyonium. In Gardiner J.S. (ed.) The fauna 1989, Cochin, , 1990; 417-425. and geography of the Maldives and Laccadive 13. Venkataraman K.R, Jeyabaskaran KP, Raghuram, Alfred JRB; Bibliography and checklist of coral 805 Yogesh Kumar JS et al., Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., September 2015; 3(9):804-813 associated organisms of India. Records of 18. Ofwegen van LP; Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Zoological Survey of India, occasional paper, Anthozoa) from the Indian Ocean and the Malay 2004;226:1-468. Archipelago. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 14. Antony Fernando S; Monograph on gorgonids (Sea , 1987; 239: 3-57. fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine 19. Anita Mary G, Robert Sluka D, Lazarus S; Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Octocoral diversity and distribution on the south- Tamil Nadu India, 2011;1-145 (1-95 plates). west Indian coast. Marine Biodiversity Records., 15. Breedy O; A new species of Pacificgorgia from the 2011; 4; e16; pp.1-11. eastern Pacific. Bull.of the Bio.Soc. Washington, 20. Anita Mary G, Robert Sluka D; Biodiversity and 2001;10:181-187. distribution of octocorals of Minicoy Atoll, 16.
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