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SARGASSO 2015-16, I & II SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO 2015-16, I & II SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO Translating Difference (2015-16, I & II) Sargasso, a peer-reviewed journal of literature, language, and culture edited at the University of Puerto Rico’s Río Piedras Campus, publishes critical essays, interviews, book reviews, and some poems and short stories. The journal seeks original submissions that have not been published elsewhere, including new translations of previous publications. Sargasso particularly welcomes material written by or about the people of the Caribbean region and its multiple diasporas. Comparative work is also welcome. Unless otherwise specified, essays and critical studies should conform to the guidelines of the MLA Handbook. Short stories should be kept to no more than 2,500 words in length and poems should be kept to thirty lines or less. See our webpage for open calls, submission guidelines, and additional information. For inquiries or electronic submission, write to: [email protected]. Postal Address (new): SARGASSO Department of English College of Humanities 13 Ave. Universidad, Ste. 1301 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925-2533 Translating Difference Yvette Torres & Don E. Walicek, Issue Editors Keishla M. González García, Administrative Assistant Sharif El Gammal-Ortiz, Administrative Assistant Ivelisse Jiménez, “Ten con Ten #8,” front cover image Rubén Rolando & Carlo André Oliveras Rodríguez, back cover image Marcos Pastrana, layout Editors Don E. Walicek, Editor Sally Everson, Contributing Editor Katherine Miranda, Contributing Editor Lowell Fiet, Founding Editor María Cristina Rodríguez, Book Review Editor Editorial Board Jessica Adams, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Mary Ann Gosser-Esquilín, Florida Atlantic University Edgardo Pérez Montijo, University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo Peter Roberts, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Ivette Romero, Marist College Felipe Smith, Tulane University UPR Administration Jorge Haddock Acevedo, President of the University of Puerto Rico Luis A. Ferrao, Interim Chancellor, Río Piedras Campus Agnes M. Bosch Irizarry, Interim Dean of Humanities, Río Piedras Campus For online resources, access to past issues, and purchase and subscription form visit: http://humanidades.uprrp.edu/ingles/?page_id=312 Opinions and views expressed in Sargasso are those of the individual authors and are not necessarily shared by the editors or its Editorial Board members. All rights return to authors. This journal is indexed by HAPI, Latindex, MLA, and the Periodical Contents Index. Copies of Sargasso 2015-16, (I & II), as well as previous issues, are on deposit in the Library of Congress. Filed March 2019. ISSN 1060-5533. SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) Table of Contents INTRODUCTION xi Don E. Walicek Translation, Region, and Difference . POETRY BY JULIÁN DEL CASAL, TRANSLATION BY G. J. RACZ 3 Marina / Seascape 5 Coquetería / Vanity 7 Nocturno / Nocturne 9 ESSAYS Thomas Rothe 13 Diálogos turbulentos: Traducción inter-caribeña como estrategia anticolonial María M. Carrión 31 Translation and Decolonization. Puerto Rico (1908-1912). El viaje cartográfico del teniente William H. Armstrong Desrine R. Bogle 49 Translation in the Anglophone and Francophone Caribbean: Facts and Figures . David A. Auerbach 59 Re/Presentations: Translation, Art, and Identity in Puerto Rico Charlotte M. Ward 83 Two Puerto Rican Writers Translating Themselves: Rosario Ferré and Pedro Juan Soto SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) Table of Contents RESEARCH NOTE Juan Manuel Picabea (introduction by Jorge L. Giovannetti and 105 Juleisa Avilés Acarón, translation and annotations by Jorge L. Giovannetti and Don E. Walicek) Religion, Ethnicity, and Race in Rural Cuba: A Pre-Revolutionary Amateur Ethnography INTERVIEW Crossing Over: An Interview with Translator Suzanne Jill Levine 129 Interview by Don E. Walicek POETRY Poetry by José Ramón Sánchez Leyva 145 La nariz ganchuda del semita / The Hooked Nose of the Semite, translation by Álvaro García Garcinuño El hombre del desierto / Desert Dweller, translation by 147 Don E. Walicek Daños colaterales / Collateral Damages, translation by 149 Eduardo Rodríguez Santiago SHORT FICTION Rodney Morales, translation by Geniz Hernández Rosado 153 Ship of Dreams / El Barco de los sueños . Vanessa Vilches, translation by Aurora Lauzardo Ugarte 164 Pasadizo / Passageway REVIEWS Rafael Bernabe, translation by Eduardo Rodríguez Santiago 169 The Extreme Island; The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change by Ashley Dawson . Lydia Platón Lázaro 176 Dangerous Moves: Performance and Politics in Cuba by Coco Fusco SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) Table of Contents Gabriela Ortiz Díaz 179 Construcción mediática de la guerra y el terrorismo: la exclusión de la memoria histórica de la identidad polifónica discursiva latino- americana by Doris E. Martínez Vizcarrondo . Keith E. McNeal, translation by Sharif El Gammal-Ortiz 183 Atlantic Gandhi: The Mahatma Overseas / Gandhi atlántico: El Mahatma en el extranjero by Nalini Natarajan Juan Recondo 185 Sovereign Acts: Contesting Colonialism across Indigenous Nations and Latin America, edited by Frances Negrón-Muntaner Zorimar Rivera Montes 189 In Visible Movement: Nuyorican Poetry from the Sixties to Slam by Urayoán Noel Michael Huffmaster 192 Being Bilingual in Borinquen: Student Voices from the University of Puerto Rico, edited by Alicia Pousada Michael Sharp 194 TransLatin Joyce: Global Transmissions in Ibero-American Literature, edited by Brian L. Price, César A. Salgado, and John Pedro Schwartz Rafael L. Joglar 198 Sounds of Watching: A Visual Introduction to Urban Ornithology in Old San Juan/ Sonidos de avistamiento: Una introducción visual a la ornitología urbana en el Viejo San Juan by Javier A. Román-Nieves Diego Agostini Ferrer 201 Puerto Rican Labor History 1898-1934: Revolutionary Ideals and Reformist Politics by Carlos Sanabria The Trinidad Douglas: Identity, Ethnicity, and Lexical Choice 205 by Ferne Louanne Regis LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 209 SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) INTRODUCTION TRANSLATION, REGION, AND DIFFERENCE Don E. Walicek Sargasso Editor 5FJDE HC C & 027C8<4F44G?A4BB>DAB4;E4B F470E4C>1A40:F8C7 >DAB4;E4B Evri taim wi chrai f bi wiself, wi af ort wiself. d'2C0E8>(0I K;;014A8=C>34;0B>;4303M 8=240A81140=*CD384BC>>:B70?40B05>A<0;0A40>502034<828=@D8AH *8=C74 B ?A02C8C8>=4AB0=3C74>A8BCB0;8:470E4A42>6=8I43CA0=B;0C8>= 0B70E8=60=8<?>AC0=CA>;48=C74L4;3 -78;4B><470E4D?74;3CA0=B;0C8=6 14CF44=C74;0=6D064B>52>;>=8I8=6DA>?40=4<?8A4B0B4BB4=C80;C><0:8=6 B4=B4>5C74A468>=B2><?;4G8CH >C74AB70E4B44=CA0=B;0C8>=0B0A4B>DA245>A 8CBCA0=B5>A<0C8>= 0<40=B>5A42>=L6DA8=6?0CC4A=B>52><<D=820C8>=0=3 D=34ABC0=38=6B>52D;CDA0;38554A4=24 4E4=;>=6BC0=38=6B>280;0=342>=><82 A4;0C8>=B78?B != 1>C7 >5 C74B4 20B4B CA0=B;0C8>= 8B 4BB4=C80; 5>A <0:8=6 2>==42C8>=B02A>BB38E4A64=CB>28> 78BC>A820;CA0942C>A84B !C8B 0<>=6>C74A C78=6B 0F0H>564CC8=6C>:=>F>DA=48671>AB0=3>DAB4;E4B 0BF4;;0B0 <40=B>54=6068=6d0=3?>BB81;H>E4A2><8=6dC74;8=6D8BC82 ?>;8C820; 0=3 42>=><825A06<4=C0C8>=C70C4G8BCB02A>BBB>284C84BC70C0A4>5C4=B4?0A0C43 1H;0=6D064 +748=C4A?;0H14CF44=C74CF>05>A4<4=C8>=43E84FB>5CA0=B;0C8>=1A8=6B C><8=3E0A8>DB8BBD4BC70CC74A4=>F=430DC7>A0=3A4B40A274A>A3>=# $4F8B38B2DBB438=0S8=C4AE84F8=F782774B?>:4F8C74>A64 $0<<8=6 *C4;;0$q?4I 0=3$>F4;;84C $4F8B2>=24?CD0;8I432><?4C4=2H 8=<D;C8?;4;0=6D064B0B02AD280;2><?>=4=C>5A468>=0;B27>;0AB78?C70C SARGASSO: TRANSLATING DIFFERENCE (2015-16, I & II) Don E. Walicek could yield new insights as well as set a precedent for the development of the field of Caribbean Studies by assisting writers and researchers in expanding their understandings of the topics of inquiry at the center of their work. Concerned about the challenges facing emerging post-colonial societies, he described limited multilingualism among scholars as a forewarning of sorts. In his words: What I still find a little disturbing is that too many Caribbean scholars are still writing within terms of their own island society or a group of island societies, and they are still not writing the sort of more regional scholarship that I would like them to see. I don’t think you can write about the Caribbean as a whole unless you have some kind of control —or mastery—of the three working languages of the region: French, English and Spanish. (27) Translation is integral to the “control” that Lewis sees as necessary for understanding the region, as it promises to facilitate access to insights that would otherwise be out of reach. As his comments suggest, a scholar who can translate well is one who can make significant contributions to existing knowledge and thereby raise the bar for future research. Several shifts that have taken place since that interview was done more than thirty years ago help to situate ideas about translation and multilingualism in terms of the dynamics of contemporary scholarship on the Caribbean. First, it seems that fewer scholars today would insist that fluency in the three European languages that Lewis names is essential to their current work. In fact, many would probably agree that efforts to better understand the region should include additional languages, including the region’s Creole languages and languages spoken in other places, including Surinam and the islands of the Dutch Caribbean (e.g., Dutch, Sranan, Papiamentu). Also significant, in the last few years government agencies in several Caribbean countries have taken steps to provide translation and interpreting services for speakers of Creole languages, thereby establishing a foundation upon which these languages can gain expanded use in formal domains associated with the written word and eventually emerge as “working languages.”1 2 In some instances these steps complement efforts to educate youth in their native lan- guages.