ST. KITTS and NEVIS Ministry of Agriculture, Lands T Housing and Development S with the Technical Support Of: the ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION St
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B.V.1. - Anguilla ~ . U.S.V.1. , St. Martin 411>St. Barthelemy Saba.. ,BARBUDA St. Eustatius·,ST. KITTS NEVIS· • ANTIGUA • Montserrat r/'!;deIO"pe., , DOMINICA ~ Martinique t ST. LUCIA f ST. VINCENT Barbados ,-THE GRENADINES ". tift I GRENADA COUNTRY S ENVIRONMENTAL T. PROFILE Prepared Under the Aegis Of: K THE CARIBBEAN CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION I st. Michael, Barbados T On Behalf Of: THE GOVERNMENT OF ST. KITTS and NEVIS Ministry of Agriculture, Lands T Housing and Development S With the Technical Support Of: THE ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and And THE ST. CHRISTOPHER HERITAGE SOCIETY Basseterre, St. Kitts N And THE NEVIS HISTORICAL AND CONSERVATION SOCIETY E Charlestown, Nevis V Funding Provided By: THE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Regional Development Office/Caribbean I Bridgetown, Barbados S Draft Prepared 1990 Edited and Published 1991 FOREWORD One of the most serious threats to sustainable economic growth in the Caribbean is the increasing degradation of the region's natural ecosystems and a concurrent deterioration in the quality of life for Caribbean people. The task of reversing this unfortunate trend requires better knowledge and un derstanding of the region's unique environmental problems and the development of appropriate technologies and public policies to lessen and even prevent negative impacts on our fragile resource base. In an attempt to provide such a framework, the Caribbean Conservation Association, with funding provided by the United States Agency for International Development and with the technical assis tance of the Island Resources Foundation, has produced a series of Country Environmental ProfIles for six Eastern Caribbean countries -- Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, st. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Even though these documents do not claim to be encyclopedic in their treatment of individual sectors and issues, each ProfIle represents the most current and comprehensive information base assembled to date on environmental and conservation issues that affect, and are affected by, the development process in the ProfIle countries. Each document addresses key environmental problems, constraints, and policy directions as these were identified and fleshed out by a team of researchers and writers, in collaboration with a local co ordinating committee. Each ProfIle also identifies and examines a variety of opportunities and plan ning tools which may prove useful in meeting environment/development goals in the future. All of this information should play a significant role in informing and influencing ecologically-sound development planning in the region, and should provide a basis for improved decision-making -- both immediate as well as long-term. This may best be accomplished by using the data to define priorities (in view of related benefits and costs), to pursue in-depth analysis of issues, and to undertake neces sary follow-on activities in such a way that they are mutually reinforcing. In short, action emanating from the recommendations contained in the ProfIle might best be undertaken within a comprehensive environmental management framework, rather than from a piecemeal, project -oriented perspective. The Caribbean Conservation Association is very pleased to be able to make this contribution to de velopment planning in the region. Calvin A. Howell Executive Director Caribbean Conservation Association (April 1991) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Overall project management for the St. Kitts-Nevis Country Environmental Proflle Project was pro vided by the Caribbean Conservation Association (CCA) under the direction of Acting Executive Di rector, Mr. Calvin Howell. Technical guidance in preparation of the Proflle was the responsibility of the Island Resources Foun dation (IRF). Dr. Edward L. Towle, President of the Foundation, is the Team Leader for the Proflle Project in the Eastern Caribbean; and Judith A. Towle, IRF Vice President, is the Editor of the CEP Report Series. St. Kitts-Nevis Government liaison for the CEP effort was the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Hous ing and Development, which took the lead in appointing the members of the CEP National Commit tee (see page ii). Mr. Valdemar Warner, Permanent Secretary for Agriculture" Lands and Housing within the Ministry ably served as chairman of the National Committee. Local project support for the St. Kitts-Nevis CEP was provided through the offices of two environ mental NGOs (non-governmental organizations), both of which executed Memoranda of Under standing with the CCA for coordination and administration of the CEP project. In St.Kitts, the des ignated NGO was the St. Christopher Heritage Society which provided office and logistical support and other expert assistance to the various members of IRF's in-country technical team. Special appreciation is due to Jacqueline Cramer-Armony, President of the Society, and to Larry Armony, Secretary, for their continued support throughout the project; to Dr. Keith Archibald (a member of the Society and of the CEP National Committee) for his extraordinarily helpful review of draft chap ters; and to the office assistant at the Heritage Society, Rodina Griffin, who cheerfully assisted in meeting so many of the project's on-site requirements. In Nevis, the Nevis Historical and Conservation Society (NHCS) was designated as the executing NGO on behalf of the Profile Project. Early on, the Proflle Sub-Committee formed in Nevis, under the auspices of NHCS, elected to take a more direct role in the writing of the CEP report and desig nated a group of local researchers and writers to assist with this effort (see page iii). Special thanks and appreciation are due to all members of the Nevis Proflle working group and, in particular, to Chairman David Robinson, who worked long and diligently to coordinate this important task in Nevis. Staff at the U.S. Agency for International Development, Caribbean Regional Development Office in Barbados facilitated implementation of the St. Kitts-Nevis Profile Project, in particular, Mission Envi ronmental Officer Rebecca Niec, whose support has been appreciated throughout this effort by both CCAandIRF. Many organizations, agencies, and individuals in St. Kitts-Nevis provided valuable assistance during the course of the project. To each we extend our gratitude, along with the hope that the Envi ronmental Profile will assist the country in defining and achieving its goals for sustainable develop ment in the decade ahead. For further information, contact anyone of the implementing institutions: Caribbean Conservation Association Island Resources Foundation Savannah Lodge, The Garrison Red Hook Box 33, st. Thomas St. Michael, Barbados U.S. Virgin Islands 00802 St. Christopher Heritage Society Nevis Historical and Conservation Society Post Office Box 338 Alexander Hamilton House Basseterre, St. Kitts Charlestown, Nevis 11 ST. KI'ITS-NEVIS COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE NATIONAL COMMI'ITEE Valdemar Warner, Chairman (Permanent Secretary for Agriculture, Lands and Housing Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Housing and Development) Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Housing and Development Keith Archibald, Director of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Housing and Development Eugene Petty, Director of Planning and Permanent Secretary for Development Ministry of Education, Youth and Community Affairs VapleBurt Ministry of Communications, Works and Public Utilities Athil Rawlins, Manager, Water Department Ministry of Tourism and Labor Larkland Richards, Permanent Secretary Ministry of Health and Women's Affairs Theodore Mills, Chief Public Health Officer Central Housing and Planning Authority Ashton Leader, Assistant Housing and Planning Officer Southeast Peninsula Development Board Patrick Williams, Secretary St. Kitts Sugar Manufacturing Corporation Wentford Rogers, Personnel Officer Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park Larry Armony, General Manager St. Christopher Heritage Society Creighton Pencheon, Vice President Nevis Historical and Conservation Society David Robinson, Curator Chamber of Industry and Commerce Alexis Knight, Executive Director ST. CHRISTOPHER HERITAGE SOCIETY The Council, 1989/1990 Jacqueline Cramer-Armony President Lloyd Pennyfeather Member Vanta Archibald Vice President Crispin Rawlins Member Creighton Pencheon Vice President Victor Williams Member Larry Armony Hon. Secretary Hon. S.W. Tapley Seaton Government Member Wentford Rogers Hon. Treasurer Rodina Griffin Secretary and Rita Cable Member Office Assistant Ken Martin Member NEVIS HISTORICAL AND CONSERVATION SOCIETY Nevis Sub-Committee for the Country Environmental Profile Project Core Committee David Robinson Chairman Sonita Daniel Government Liaison and Head Librarian Nevis Public Library Leonard Huggins Teacher, Charlestown Secondary School Hastings Daniel Director, Nevis Housing and Land Development Corporation Chrispen Fahie Senior Health Officer, Department of Health Members and Liaison Persons Lester Blackett Hon. Phinias Griffin Sam Powell Audra Barret Lornette Hanley Elmeader Prentice Hon. Spencer Byron Vincent Hubbard Joyah Sutton Hon. Birlyn Clarke Brian Kennedy AI Thompson Hon. Simeon Daniel Helen Kidd Monica Tyson John Derenzi Jennifer Lowery Euphemia Weeks Ashley Farrell Hon. Victor Martin Don Glover Hon. Joseph Parry Monica Jeffers, Secretary iii ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION TECHNICAL TEAM For The Country Environmental Profile Project Core Team CEP PROJECf TEAM LEADER Edward L. Towle EDITOR, CEP REPORT