Lignites of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain

BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY The Universityof Texas Austin,Texas

Peter T. Flawn, Director

Report ofInvestigations— No. 50

By W.L.Fisher

October 1963 BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY TheUniversity of Texas Austin, Texas

Peter T.Flawn, Director

Report ofInvestigations— No. 50

Lignites of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain

By W. L.Fisher

October 1963 Report of Investigations No. 50 Frontispiece

Operation of McKay Lignite Mining Company, Como, Texas (August 1913) Contents

Page

ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Purpose of report 2 Acknowledgments Z Definition and geologic formation 2 Geologic and geographic distribution 5 History of mining 5 " Economic considerations. .. " ■ 7 Production in Texas 8 GENERAL FEATURES OF TEXAS LIGNITES 9 Regional variation 9 Ash content . " 9 Calorific values . 9 Fixed carbon content .. ,. 13 Volatile matter content 13 Fixed carbon/volatile matter content 13 Sulfur 13 Specific gravity 16 Thickness of seams 16 Features without significant regional variation 16 Reserves 19 Utilization 19 OCCURRENCE OF TEXAS LIGNITE 24 Wilcox lignites , 24 Anderson County . .. „ 25 Atascosa County 26 Bastrop County , 26 Bexar County 35 Bowie County 36 Caldwell County. , 37 Camp, Franklin, and Titus counties , 38 Cass County 38 Freestone County. 40 Gregg County 40 Guadalupe County 40 „ Harrison County 0 „ 42 Henderson County 47 Hopkins County 48 Lee County 50 Leon County . 51 Limestone County 53 Marion County 54

i Page

Medina County 54 Milam County 57 Morris County " . . 62 Nacogdoch.es County 63 Panola County 64 Rains County. 67 Robertson County . . 67 Rusk County ....'. 70 Shelby County . 70 Smith County. ..■"-." 72 Uvalde County 74 Van Zandt County 75 Wood County . 76 Zavala County . 78 Miscellaneous Wilcox lignites ,. 80 Yegua lignites ...... 80 Angelina County ...» 80 Atascosa County 80 „ " Houston County ... » 81 McMullen County ...... 0 . 84 Miscellaneous Yegua lignites , 85 Jackson lignites o ...... 85 Fayette County 87 Mt. Selman lignites ...... 92 Atascosa County 92 Mt. Selman cannel coals 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY , . " . 93 APPENDIX A. ANALYSES OF TEXAS LIGNITES 104 Introduction . ,... 104 Proximate analyses 105 Ultimate analyses 115 Description of samples 118 APPENDIX B. LIGNITE MINES IN TEXAS 146

ii Illustrations

Page

Operation of McKay Lignite Mining Company at Como, Texas . . . Frontispiece

Figures--

1. Distribution of principal lignite-bearing rocks in Texas . 0 . . 6 2. Lignite production in Texas. . . , ...... 8 3. Regional variation in ash content of Texas lignites „ . . „ . . 11 4. Regional variation in calorific values of Texas lignites . . .. 12 5. Regional variation in fixed carbon content of Texas lignites . 14 6. Regional variation in volatile matter content of Texas lignites . . " " 15 7. Regional variation in sulfur content of Texas lignites . . . . . 17 8. Regional variation in specific gravity of Texas lignites .... 18 9. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Anderson County ...... 24 10. Distribution of lignite-bearing rocks in Atascosa County ... 25 11. Distribution of lignite deposits in Bastrop County . 26 12. Log of test boring at Glenham Station, Bastrop County .... 27 13. Diagrammatic section of bluff opposite Powell Bend, Colorado River , 29 14. Diagrammatic section of lignite in Cedar Creek, Bastrop County 30 15. Diagrammatic section of lignite in Piney Creek, Bastrop County 31 16. Diagrammatic section of lignite in Dennison Creek, Bastrop County 32 17. Diagrammatic section of lignite in Elliot Pit No. 5, Bastrop County 33 18. Diagrammatic section of lignite in pit at Dunstan Station, Bastrop County 34 19. Distribution of lignite deposits in Bexar County . . 35 20. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Bowie County 36 21. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Caldwell County 37 22. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Camp, Franklin, and Titus counties 39 23. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Cass County 39 24. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Freestone County 41 25. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Gregg County 41 26. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Guadalupe County 42 27. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Harrison County 43 28. Diagrammatic section, Robertson Ford, Harrison County . . 43 29. Diagrammatic section, Darco mines, Harrison County .... 44 30. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Henderson County 47 31. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Hopkins County . 48 32. Section of lignite mined by Como Coal Company, Hopkins County 49 33. Distribution of lignite deposits in Lee County 50

iii Figures--

34. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Leon County 52 35. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Limestone County 53 36. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Marion County 54 37. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Medina County 55 38. Logs of mine shafts of Carr and Riley mines, Medina County . 56 39. Distribution of Wilcox lignites inMilam County 57 40. Log of shaft of Rockdale Mining Company, Milam County.... 58 41. Diagrammatic section, strip mine of Industrial Generating Company, Milam County 59 42. Distribution of Wilcox lignites inMorris County . . . 62 43. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Nacogdoches County 63 44. Distribution of lignite deposits in Panola County 64 45. Diagrammatic section of Black Shoals, Panola County 65 46. Diagrammatic section of shoals on Sabine River 66 47. Distribution of Wilcox lignites inRains County . 67 48. Distribution of lignite deposits inRobertson County 68 49. Diagrammatic section, Calvert Bluff, Robertson County .... 69 50. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Rusk County 71 51. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Shelby County 71 52. Distribution of Queen City Formation in Smith County 73 53. Distribution of lignite deposits in Uvalde County 74 54. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Van Zandt County 75 55. Distribution of lignite deposits in Wood County 77 56. Distribution of lignite deposits in Zavala County 78 57. Diagrammatic section of lignites on Nueces River, Zavala County 79 58. Distribution of Yegua Formation inAngelina County...... 81 59. Distribution of Yegua Formation in Houston County 82 60. Diagrammatic section, Hydes Bluff, Houston County 83 61. Section of lignite mined at Wooters Station, Houston County . . 83 62. Distribution of Yegua lignite deposits in MeMullen County ... 84 63. Diagrammatic section of lignite deposits on San Miguel Creek, MeMullen County 86 64. Distribution of Manning lignites in Fayette County 87 65. Log of shaft mines south of Ledbetter, Fayette County 88 66. Diagrammatic section, Mantoon Bluff, Fayette County 89 67. Diagrammatic section of lignites on O'Quinn Creek, Fayette County 91

Tables--

1. Average composition of Texas lignites 4 2. Stratigraphic distribution of lignite in Texas 3 3. Principal lignite deposits in Texas .. 10 4. Total estimated reserves of lignite inEocene rocks of Texas . 20 5. Estimated reserves of lignite in Texas, by county 21

iv Lignites of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain

W. L. Fisher

Abstract

One of the basic mineral resources of Texas is abundant deposits of lignite in Eocene rocks of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Currently, Texas lignites are utilized as sources of industrial fuel, activated carbon and, locally, drilling- mud additives; research indicates significant future nonfuel uses of lignite and lignitic coals.

Principal deposits of lignite in the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain occur in the Wile ox Group and locally in the Yegua and Manning Formations. Southwestward along the outcrop, lignites increase in content of ash, decrease in content of volatile matter and fixed carbon, and decrease in calorific value. Highest quality lignites generally occur in the Wilcox Group in the area north of the Colorado River. Yegua and Manning lignites, and Wilcox lignites south of the Colorado River, are characterized by relatively high ash content.

Existing estimates of lignite reserves in Texas are generalized owing to lack of data. Latest estimates list total recoverable, measured, and indicated reserves at approximately 4.3 billion short tons.

Principal deposits of lignite occur in the following areas: (1) southern Titus County, (2) east-central Hopkins County, (3) southwestern Wood and southeastern Rains counties, (4) south-central Van Zandt County, (5) western Henderson County, (6) southern Harrison and northwestern Panola counties, (7)northwesternShelbyandnortheastern Nacogdochescounties, (8) northwestern Leon and southern Freestone counties, (9) southeastern Houston and north- central Trinity counties, (10) southwestern Houston County, (ll)Milam and northwestern Robertson counties, (12) central Bastrop County, (13) central Fayette County, (14) junction of Medina, Bexar, and Atascosa counties, (15) north-central Atascosa County, and (16) northwestern McMullen and south- central Atascosa counties.

1 2

Introduction

Purpose of Report

Primary purpose of this report is to outline general features of Texas lignites as an aid to possible future exploitation and utilization. In the past, Texas lignites were used primarily as fuel; at present, lignites are used in Texas as an industrial generating fuel, as a source of activated carbon, and, in the weathered or oxidized state, as a drilling-mud additive. Results of recent research indicate that future nonfuel as well as specialized fuel uses of lignite should be significant.

Acknowledgments

The writer expresses appreciation to P. T. Flawn, Director, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas, for support and interest in the course of this study and for reading critically the manuscript; and to D. W. Kohls and P.U. Rodda, Bureau of Economic Geology, for reading the manuscript and offering helpful suggestions. Data previously compiled by' H.B. Stenzel, J. T. Lonsdale, J. T. Twining, and J.M. Perkins, all formerly with the Bureau of Economic Geology, have been utilized in this report. R. A. Maxwell, Bureau of Economic Geology, provided information concerning lignites of southern Texas. W. J. van Reenan and G.H. Scheffler, of Atlas Chemi- cal Industries, Inc., and personnel of Industrial Generating Company provided information on current production, utilization, and quality of Texas lignites. Burke Burkhart ably assisted with field work.

Definition and Geologic Formation

Coals are formed by biochemical and physical processes acting on accumulated plant material. Nature and composition of coal depend on (1) the original composition or type of accumulated plant remains and (2) the duration and character of geologic processesthat acted upon accumulated plant remains. These factors are reflected in different ranks of coal: (in increasing order of rank) peat--lignite (or brown coal) --bituminous coal- -anthracite. Rank of coal within this sequence is distinguished primarily by difference in texture, petrographic and chemical composition, and calorific value.

Lignite represents an early stage of coal formation and contains more or less clearly separable pieces of plant material. Most lignite is soft and friable, has a low specific gravity, and is comparatively porous. Based on petrographic composition, lignite is dividedinto two types --attrital and xyloid. Attrital lignite is composed largely of residual remains of plant matter that were macerated or mechanically broken to microscopic fragments during earliest stages of coalification. Certain decay-resistant parts of plants 3

constitute large parts of some attrital lignites. Attrital lignite is nonbanded and has a uniform, fine-grained texture. Xyloid lignite differs from attrital lignite in containingmore than 50 percent anthraxylon, a material derived from woody parts of plants. Xyloid lignite is generally banded, and original plant structures are well preserved. Most Texas lignite is of the xyloid type, although it commonly contains considerable amounts of attrital material.

A recent international classification of low-rank coals, such as Texas lignites, is based on (1) total moisture which is related to calorific value and so is indicative of fuel value and (2) yield of low-temperature tar which indicates value of lignite for chemical processing.

Average analyses of Texas lignites are given in table 1 (p. 4). Averages of proximate analyses based on fewer than five analyses are indicated by an asterisk.

Table 2. Stratigraphic occurrence of lignite deposits in Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. (Main occurrences noted by asterisk.)

Period Series Group and Formation

Pliocene Neogene Miocene Oligocene Whitsett * Manning Jackson Wellborn

Caddell

♥ Yegua

Cook Mountain (NE Texas) (S Texas)

Stone City Paleogene Eocene Claiborne Mt. Selman arta ec es Queen City Reklaw Carrizo

* Wilcox

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Geologic and Geographic Distribution

Lignites are widely distributed in several rock units of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain (table 2, p. 3). Many of these lignite deposits, however, are in beds or seams that are too thin or lenticular to be of general economic significance. Commercial deposits of lignite (seams 5 feet thick or greater) primarily are found in the Wilcox Group and Yegua Formation (fig. 1); locally, deposits of commercial significance are found in the Mt. Selman and Manning Formations.

In Texas, rocks of the Wilcox Group crop out in a broadbelt that extends northeast from Maverick and Webb counties in the south, to Bowie and Sabine counties in the northeast part of the State. Wilcox rocks occur in the following counties (asterisk indicates past commercial production of lignite):

Franklin Marion Sabine *Atascosa Maverick *Shelby *Bastrop Gonzales Smith *Bexar Gregg *Milam *Titus #Bowie *Guadalupe Morris *Uvalde Caldwell *Nacogdoches *Van Zandt *Camp Navarro Webb *Cass *Hopkins *Panola Williamson Cherokee *Lee *Rains Wilson Dimmit *Leon *Wood Falls Limestone Rusk *Zavala

The Yegua Formation extends across Texas from Starr County in the south, northeast to Sabine County. Significant deposits of lignite are present in the Yegua Formation in Atascosa, Houston, McMullen,and Trinity counties. Commercial deposits of lignite also occur in the Mt. Selman Formation in Atascosa County and the Manning Formation in Fayette County.

History of Mining

Lignite was one of the first mineral resources utilized by early settlers inTexas. Stenzel (1946, p. 197) reported that as early as 1819, L.F- L'Heriter indicated a "mine de charbon de terre" in east Texas on a map accompanying the report "Le Champ-D'Asile, tableau topographique et historique dv Texas, etc.," published in Paris, France. J. L. Riddell (1839) described lignite exposedin the banks of the TrinityRiver. Early reports indicated production and use of lignite around 1850, but this earlyproduction was small and local. Pro- duction figures from 1888 to 1950 are available in the annual reports of the State Mine Inspector and publications of the United States Bureau of Mines and United States Geological Survey. 6

Fig. 1. Distribution of principal lignite-bearing rocks in Texas. Outlined area, figures 3-8. 7

Mining operations in Texas have been described in some detail by Dumble (1892), Phillips (1902), and Stenzel (1939, 1948). Most of the abandoned mines in the State were underground operations in which hauling was first by mules and later by gasoline-operated locomotives and steam-operated slope engines. Hoisting was through vertical shafts. Since 1950 the only significant lignite mining in the State has been open-pit strip mining and has occurred mostly in Milam and Harrison counties.

Economic Considerations

Although lignite deposits of potential economic importance are extensive in Texas, exploitation has been limited by (1) strong competition from oil and gas in fuel markets and (2) problems of production, storage, and utilization.

Lignite is a bulky material with a relatively low-unit value. To be profitable, mining operations must be large-volume. Because of its low-unit value, lignite cannot move very far in trade and its market area is limited by freight costs. Only those deposits that are close to a market have been exploited. In the past and at the present time the chief use of lignite has been and is as a solid fuel. Since the beginning of large production of fuel oil and gas in Texas, lignite has been in direct competition with these fuels. As a result, most lignite mines in the State have long since been forced to shut down. Develop- ment of nonfuel uses of lignite may improve the market situation, though at present most nonfuel products derived from lignite can be produced more cheaply from other sources.

Recently, technologic advances havemade feasible so-called"mine-mouth" power plants. These are power-producing installations built at the mine so that no appreciable transportation of the solid fuel is necessary. Such an in- stallation is now in operation at Rockdale in Milam County, Texas.

Muchof the earlymining of lignite in Texas was by underground methods. Locally, caving due to "heaving ground" and water flooding presentedserious obstacles and added to production costs. Current mining of Texas lignite is by open-pit strip methods. Such surface mining is well suited to mining of large bodies of lignite which occur at shallow depths and are overlain by relatively soft and unconsolidated rocks. Average recovery of lignite in open-pit operations is at least 75 percent;locally, it is as high as 90 percent. In underground operations, where pillars must be left, recovery is on the order of 50 percent. 8

Fig. 2. Lignite production in Texas from 1885 through 1950.

Production in Texas

Currently, lignite is being mined in Harrison County at Darco, southwest of Marshall, and in Milam County, southwest of Rockdale. Since about 1890, lignite has been produced by more than 150 operators in at least 35 counties in Texas. Reasonablyreliable production figures are available from 1888 to 1950 in the annual reports of the State Mine Inspector and in publications of the United States Bureau of Mines and United States Geological Survey (fig. 2). From an annual production of about 20,000 short tons in the late 1880's, lignite production gradually increased to as much as 1,400,000 short tons in 1914.

Annual production varied slightly but averaged about 1,000,000 short tons from 1915 through 1930. From 1930 to 1940, annual productiongradually de- creased, dropping to about 600,000 short tons in 1940. In the period from 1940 to 1950, the last dates for whichproduction figures are available, lignite production declined rapidly with a production of less than 2o,ooo short tons in1950. Actual production figures since 1950 have been held as confidential by Texas operators. Total lignite production in Texas up to 1950 has been on the order of 37,000,000 short tons. A partial list of lignite mines andoperators in Texas is included as Appendix B. 9

General Features of Texas Lignites

Regional Variation

Published and available unpublished data concerning lignite deposits in Texas, though not sufficient to delineate individual deposits in detail, are ade- quatefor outlining general areas of substantial lignite deposits (table 3, p. 10). Major areas of occurrence are defined as those containing lignite seams at least 5 feet thick at depths less than 200 feet and with a general lateral extent on the order of 100 square miles. Individualseams are notnecessarilycontinu- ous within a given area.

Regional variations in quality and geologic occurrence of Texas lignites reflect differences in source material and in formational processes. High qualityor higher rank lignite occurs in the Lower Eocene (Wilcox Group) north of the Colorado River; lower quality lignite is found in Wilcox rocks south of the Colorado River and inUpper Eocene rocks (Yegua andManningFormations).. In Wilcox rocks north of the Colorado River individual seams of lignite are thicker, more uniform in quality, and more persistent than elsewhere in the State Regional variations in Texas lignites are based on field observations and approximately 350 analyses 31 counties of the Texas Coastal Plain.

Ash content, --Ash content of Texas lignites ranges from less than 10% to more than 40%, averaging about 17% (fig. 3). Lowest ash content is in Wilcox lignites north of the Colorado River which contain, on an average, less than 15% ash; Wilcox lignites in the southern part of the Sabine Uplift generally contain less than 10% ash. South of the Colorado River, ash content in Wilcox lignites gradually increases, with values locally exceeding 40%. Upper Eocene lignites also increase in ash content southward along outcrop, containing 15% to 20% ash in east Texas and as much as 35% ash in south Texas. The high ash content of Wilcox lignites in south Texas and of Upper Eocene lignites limits the importance of these deposits as fuels.

Calorific values. --Texas lignites have an average calorific value of 10,400 Bo t. u. /lb., decreasing from about 12,000 B. t.u. /lb. in east Texas to less than 10,000 B. t. v. /lb. in south Texas (fig. 4). Regional decrease in calorific values coincides with increase in ash content; lignites with high calorific values, where ash content is similar, generally are lignites with high fixed carbon content in proximate analyses and high carbon and hydrogen content in ultimate analyses. Lignites with highcalorific values (11,000 to 12,000 B. t. v. / lb. ) occur in (1) Sabine Uplift, (2) Lee County to Trinity River, and (3) Houston and Trinity counties; medium values (10,000 to 11,000 B. t. v. /lb.) occur in (1) Trinity River to Bowie County, (2) Medina to Bastrop counties, and (3) Fayette County; relatively low values (less than 10,000 B.t.v. /lb.) occur in Lower and Upper Eocene lignites of south Texas.

All values used inthis section arebased onproximate analyses made on "dry basis," unless noted otherwise. 10

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Fig. 3. Regional variation in ash content of Texas lignites. (Percent ash, dry basis. ) 12

Fig. 4. Regional variation in calorific values of Texas lignites. (B.t.u./ pound, dry basis.) 13

Fixed carbon content. --Fixed carbon content of Texas lignites averages 37%, with highest values north of the Colorado River (fig. 5), Areas with lignites of high fixed carbon content coincide with areas having lignites of high calorific values. Fixed carbon content in Wilcox lignites varies from 30% to 50% in areas north of the Colorado River to less than30% south of the Colorado River. Fixedcarbon content of Upper Eocenelignites alsodecreases southward, averaging 30% to 40% in east Texas and less than 30% in south Texas.

Volatile matter content. --Texas lignites are characterizedby a general southward decrease in content of volatile matter (fig. 6). Regional decrease in volatile matter content corresponds withincrease in ash content. Lignites with high volatile matter content (exceeding 50%) occur in the following areas: (1) Trinity River to Sabine River, (2) Franklin to Bowie counties, (3) southern part of Sabine Uplift, (4) Bastrop County, and (5) Houston and Trinity counties; medium values (40% to 50%) occur in (1) Rains, Wood, and Hopkins counties, (2) northern part of Sabine Uplift, (3) Lee County to Trinity River, (4) Fayette County, and (5) Medina to Caldwell counties;low values (less than 40%) characterize Lower and Upper Eocene lignites of south Texas.

Fixed carbon/volatile matter content, --Ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter content (ash-free) is highest in Wilcox lignites north of the Colorado River and lowest in Upper Eocene lignites and Wilcox lignites south of the Colorado River,, Variations in this ratio indicate changes in Texas lignites other than those caused by changes in ash content. High ratios occur in the Sabine Uplift and from Milarn County north to the Trinity River; these values represent lignites with highest calorific values. Medium ratios characterize Wilcox lignites northeast of the Trinity River and Bastrop and Lee counties; lowest ratios occur in lignites with low calorific values in the Wilcox Group of south Texas and throughout the Yegua and Manning Formations.

Sulfur. --Wilcox lignites contain less than 1.0% sulfur, on an as-received basis, in most areas north of the Colorado River; locally, lignites occurring between the Brazos and Trinity Rivers contain 1.0% to 1.5% sulfur. Sulfur content inWilcox lignites south of the Colorado River increases to 2.0% (fig. 7). Upper Eocene lignites vary from less than 1.0% in east Texas to 2.0% in south Texas. 14

Fig. 5. Regional variation in fixed carbon content of Texas lignites. (Per cent fixed carbon, dry basis.) 15

Fig. 6. Regional variation in volatile matter content of Texas lignites. (Percent volatile matter, dry basis.) 16

Specific gravity. --Specific gravity of Texas lignites ranges from 1.2 to 1.4 (fig. 8). Where lignites have uniform ash content, highest specific gravity occurs in samples with highest fixed carbon content and calorific values. Lig- nites with lower specific gravity occur in Wilcox rocks north of the Trinity River and south of the Colorado River,, Lower specific gravity of lignites in northeast Texas coincides with lignites of relatively high fixed carbon content but with low ash content; lignites in south Texas have a specific gravity similar to those of northeast Texasbut have relativelylow fixed carbon content and high ash content.

Thickness of seams. --Lignite seams characteristically arelenticular and irregular;few individual seams have an areal extent exceeding 10 square miles. Lignite seams aremuch thinner andoccur with more numerous partings in south Texas than in east Texas. Partings generally consist of clay or shale, "black- jack," "bone," or "rotten coal." In general, thicker and more extensive seams of lignite are more uniform in character and higher in quality than thinner and more irregular seams.

Features without significant regional variation. --Average moisture content of Texas lignites is about 30%, on an as-received basis, but there is little significant regional variation inmoisture content. Moisture content in lignites is important, however, in that it affects the calorific value. This importance is demonstrated in the following example comparing average values of lignites from Wood and Milam counties:

Average moisture, % Average B. t. v. /lb. Average B. t. v. /lb. (as-receivedbasis) (as-received basis) (drybasis)

Milam County 30 7,500 11,150 Wood County 26 7,960 10,750

Lignites from Milam County have a higher average calorific value on dry basis than those from Wood County but have lower average calorific values on as- received basis due to higher moisture content. Difference in calorific values on dry basis is due chiefly to difference in fixed carbon content; ash content of lignites from the two areas is similar.

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen content, determined in ultimate analyses, shows little significant regional variation. However, on an ash-free basis, higher carbon and hydrogenand lower oxygen content occurs in lignites having higher calorific values. 17

Fig. 7. Regional variation in sulfur content of Texas lignites. (Percent sulfur, as-received basis.) 18

Fig.8. Regional variation, in specific gravity of Texas lignites (as -received basis). 19

Reserves

Strata containing lignites occurring at varying depths occupy an area in Texas estimated at 60,000 square miles. Estimates of the quantity of lignite within this area have ranged from Bto 30 billion tons. Two factors seriously inhibit reliable determination of lignite reserves in Texas: (1) lack of control data and (2) different distinctions of commercial and noncommercial deposits. Early estimates, includinga figure of 23billion tons by Campbell (in Hendricks, 1939), were highly generalized because of limited data and calculations based on partly unwarranted assumptions. The most recent and probably most reliable estimate of lignite reserves in Texas is that of Perkins and Lonsdale (1955) who gave measured and indicated reserves as approximately 7 billion tons, notingrecoverable reserves on the order of4.3billiontons (table4, p. 20).

In estimating reserves of Texas lignites, Perkins and Lonsdale attempted to assemble all available records of lignite in Texas, andas such their estimate is inaccord with available known facts. Their estimate is, of course, a con- servative one in that it included only measured and indicated reserves and not inferredreserves. Tomake their estimate more specific than earlier estimates, these writers took into account (1) lenticular nature of lignite deposits, (2) occurrence of ground water, (3) commercial thickness, (4) amount of overburden, and(5) average recovery in open-pit versus undergroundmining. Indi- catedreserves were determined by assuming an area with a radius of 0.5 mile (measuredreserves assume a radius of mile) for eachoccurrence of alignite bed 5 feet or more thick and at depths less than 500 feet; average specific gravity was assumed to be 1.2. Various private estimates indicate profitable reserves of lignite in Texas are much less than early estimates and probably are on the order of the estimate of Perkins and Lonsdale.

Estimated reserves by county (computedby J.M. Perkins and on file at Bureau of Economic Geology) are given in table 5 (p. 21).

Utilization

Lignite may be used (1) directly as a solid fuel, (2) both as a fuel and as a source of chemicalproductsbycarbonization and recoveryof tars andliquids, or (3) solely as a source of chemical products by conversion through hydrogenation or gasification. Various uses of lignite are summarized in some de- tailinInformationCirculars 7691and 76920f theU. S. Bureauof Mines (1954a,b).

As a direct solid fuel, lignite is a low-energy source and is utilized as any bulk raw material. With carbonization, lignite yields certain chemical products in the form of a liquid fraction, and a fuel in the form of a low-B. t. v. gas and a solid residue. In Texas lignites, the solid residue is considerable so that a fuel demand must exist to make the carbonization process economically attractive. Products of the liquid fraction from carbonization depend 20

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TABLE 5. Estimated reserves of lignites in Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, by county; figures in millions of short tons (computed by J.M. Perkins; data on file at IBureau3ureau ofo:HiEconomicconomic Geology).Geo( "logy)*

MeasuredMeasiureid ReservesResesrves Indicated Reserves Thin Thick Thin Thick County overburden* overburden overburden overburden WILCOX LIGNITES Anderson 21.4 55.2 64.2 165.6 Bastrop 54.8 86.4 153.9 348.2 Bexar 15.5 28.6 46.5 85.8 Bowie 47.4 2.0 10.2 6.0 Caldwell 38.0 59.2 114.0 177.6 Camp 6.8 2»0 20.4 6.0 Cass 17.9 21.6 53.7 64.0 Cherokee 11.0 34.6 33.0 67,8 Franklin 3.0 4.0 9.0 12.0 Freestone 25.5 23.8 76.5 71.4 Gregg 4.1 32.0 12.3 96.0 Harrison 46.8 17.8 76.8 53.4 Henderson 37.8 33.0 113.4 99.0 Hopkins 24.1 6.0 61.8 18.0 Lee 6.2 11.2 18.6 33.6 Leon 24.4-- 18.0 73.8 54.0 Limestone 6.2 -- 18.6 Marion 11.1 16.0 33.0 48.0 Milam 254.6 2.0 163.8 6.0 Morris 5.5 3.4 16.5 10.2 Panola 35.1 17.0 105.3 51.0 Rains 3.6 5.6 10.8 16.8 Robertson 28.1 26.0 84.3 78.0 Rusk 41.6 104.4 124.8 313.2 Shelby 18.6 10.0 55.8 30.0 Titus 36.5 10.0 109.5 30.0 Van Zandt 69.3 34.4 207.9 103.2 Wood 38.5 33.6 94.5 100.8 YEGUA AND JACKSON LIGNITES Angelina 5.1 7.6 15.3 22.8 Brazos 2.8 6.0 8.4 18.0 Burleson 4.0 17.8 12.0 53.4 Fayette 27.0 5.4 81.0 16.2 Grimes 12.8 19.8 38.4 59.4 Houston 16.9 29.2 50.7 87.6 Madison 7.6 5.0 22.8 15.0 Nacogdoches 4.5-- 16.2 13.5-- 348.6 San Augustine 1.0 3003 o0 Trinity 6.1 13.8 18.3 41.4 Walker 7.9 11.0 23.7 33.0 Washington 5.4 22.0 16.2 66.0

*Thin overburden, less than 90 feet; thick overburden, greater than 90 feet. 22

upon the initial composition of the lignite and especially upon the temperature of carbonization. Present research on carbonization of lignite is centered around efforts to obtain the best features of both high- and low- temperature processes, and the utilization of certain specialized carbons derived from lignites. Liquid products, which represent about 6.7 percentby weight in Texas lignites, include (1) simple aromatic compounds (benzene, toulene, xylene, and napthalene); (2) aromatic tar acids (phenol, cresole, and xylenol);(3) tar bases, primarily pyridine; (4) minor amounts of high molecular weight constituents for specializeduses in synthesis ofdyestuffs andPharmaceuticals;and (5)large, complex fractions for crude creosote, road tar, wood preservative, and bituminous coating. The U.S. Bureau of Mines (1962) reported carbonization assays of 18 cores of six different lignite seams from east Texas which indicated an averageyield of 56.3 percent char and18.6percent tar -plus-light-oil, on a moisture- and ash-free basis. Tar yield was equivalent to approximately 17.3 gallons per ton of as-mined lignite. Low-temperature tars from Texas lignites are stable enough in chemical character to be processed in a con- ventional tube heater and flash fractionator. Byaltering distillation conditions, yields of hard carbon pitch can be varied from 38 to 60 percent.

Utilization of lignite through processes of hydrogenation or gasification results in a complete conversion of the lignite, and production does not require a market for fuel. Hydrogenation involves the use of hydrogenunder pressure for partial breakdown of the coal complex into lower molecular weightproducts; chief products are certain aromatic chemical compounds. Gasificationinvolves the complete breakdown of hydrocarbons to carbon monoxide and hydrogenby partialcombustion or gasification, followed by reintegration of these materials into desired end-products, such as ammonia, nitric acid, methanol, and formaldehyde. These products are in turn used in part for such chemical hydro- carbon end-derivatives as plastics, elastomers, synthetic fibers, detergents, and bulkagricultural chemicals. Results of hydrogenation tests of Texaslignite from Rockdale, Texas, are reportedby Hiteshue et al. (1962).

Leonardite, formed through either natural or artificial weathering or oxidation of lignite, is used as a dispersant, for viscosity control in oil-field drilling muds, as a stabilizer for ion-exchange resins in water treatment, and as a source of water -solublebrown stainfor wood finishing (Fowkes and Frost, I960); it mayalsobe a source ofhumic acids. Little is known of the occurrence of leonardite in Texas, though it is commonly associated with lignites of the western interior of the United States.

Rare trace elements commonly are concentrated in carbonaceous rocks. Trace elements in ash of Texas lignites have been studied by Deul and Annell (1956), who reported analyses of 48 samples of lignite from Milam County, Texas; Kohls (1962) gave trace-element determinations of 6 samples of Texas lignites; Stadnichenko et al. (1961) reported beryllium content of ash from Harrison County lignites. General conclusion of these writers is that trace elements of Texas lignites are not anomalously concentrated relative to other known coals and lignites. 23

Extractable -waxes from Texaslignites havebeen reportedby Selvig et al. (1950), who indicated yields lower in Texas xyloid or woody lignites than from attrital lignites of certain other areas in the United States.

Activatedcarbons derivedfrom lignite are used fordecolorizing solutions, water treatment, recovery of solvents, gas absorption, recovery of gold, and extraction of iodine. The Darco Plant of Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc., located at Marshall inHarrison County, processes activated carbon from Texas lignite. This operation is the only commercialplant in theUnited States making activated carbon from lignite. Production of activated carbon from Texas lignites has been discussed by Evans (1944).

Results of research and technologic work on coal and lignite, conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and certain private organizations, are reported periodically as Information Circulars of the U.S. Bureau of Mines (c.g., Nos. 7904, 7905, 7970, 8098, 8119).

Utilization of lignite is possible in almost any chemical or industrial process requiring carbon or carbon compounds. Future utilization of Texas lignites will depend upon a number of economic factors, but the plentiful reserves of this mineral resource make it potentially important in diverse areas of future industrial development. 24-

Occurrence of Texas Lignites

Wilcox Lignites

The most important and extensive deposits of lignite in Texas occur in the Wilcox Group which,in the central and part of the northeastern Texas Gulf CoastalPlain, is divided into the following formations:

Sabinetown Formation Calvert Bluff Formation Simsboro Formation Hooper Formation Sequin Formation

Within this area, the main lignite deposits occur in the lower part of the Cal- vert Bluff, or near the middle of the Wilcox Group. In areas where the Wilcox Group is not divided into formations, lignite deposits also generally occur in the middle or upper part of the group.

Fig. 9. General distribution of Wilcox lignites in Anderson County, Texas. 25

Anderson County. --Significant deposits of Wilcox lignite occur locally in Anderson County where Wilcox rocks crop out in the northwestern corner of the county and concentrically around the Palestine salt dome (fig. 9)« Thin and generallynoncommercial deposits of Queen City lignite in Anderson County were reported by Dumble (1892). Analysis of a 2-foot bed of Queen City lig- nitefrom Caddo Creek, 17 miles northeast of Palestine, is given inAppendix A.

Fromthe early1900's to about 1935, lignite was mined inAnderson County at the Palestine salt dome, located 6.4 miles west of Palestine. Mines were operated mostly by Palestine Salt and Coal Company, 1^ miles northeast of Duggey Lake, which roughlymarks the center of the salt dome. Powers (1926, pp. 46, 51) reported three seams of lignite, each 7.5 feet thick and separated by 25 to 30 feet of sandstone and shale. Most of the lignite was used locally as a fuel in the production of salt.

Fig. 10. General distribution of lignite-bearing rocks inAtascosa County, Texas. 26

Atascosa County. --Wilcox rocks are exposed in the northern part of Atascosa County(fig. 10),where lignites, similar to those in Bexar and Medina counties, crop out and have been mined. Dumble (1892) reported mining south of Somersetat the oldKinney mine. He did not describe thelignite but indicated it was similar to that mined at the Kirkwood mine on an adjoining property in Bexar County where 5.5 feet of lignite was mined at a depth of probably less than 50 feet. Maxwell (1962, p. 87) has indicated that two or more seams of Wilcox lignite occur in northern Atascosa County at depths of 40 to 90 feet.

Bastrop County. --Important lignite deposits occur in Bastrop County in the lower part of the Calvert Bluff Formation (fig. 11). Main areas of lignite deposits in the county are: (1) vicinity of Butler, (2) vicinity of McDade, (3) divide area between Big Sandy and Piney Creeks from Sayersville to Bastrop, and (4) along Cedar Creek east of Farm Road 20.

Fig. 11. Distribution of lignite deposits in Bastrop County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 27

Previous mining in Bastrop County, largely alongthe Missouri- Kansas-Texas Railroad between Sayersville and Bastrop and along the Missouri Pacific Railroad in the vicinity of McDade, began in 1886. Approximately 25 mines have been operated, although none has been worked since about 1944. First mining was in small, open pits; subsequentandmore extensive mining was underground. In the old mining areas, two to three beds of lignite were mined; these were generally known as beds #3, #4, and #5 (fig. 12). Dietrich and JLonsdale (1958, p. 60) reported ranges in thickness for these lignite beds as follows: Feet Bed #3 2.5 to 4.5 Bed #4 3.5 to 5.0 Bed #5 5.0 to 11.0

Numerous beds of lignite occur in the Hooper Formation in the western part of the county, but thesebeds arevery thin, lenticular, and probably not economically important.

Fig. 12. Log of test boring drilled by Bastrop Lignite Company near Glenham Station on Missouri-Kansas- Texas Rail- road, north of Bastrop. Data from Die- trich and Lonsdale (1958, p. 60). 28

Stratigraphic sections and descriptions of outcrops in BastropCounty are given in figures 13 to 18. Other outcrops in the county include:

1. West bank of Big Sandy Creek, J mile downstream from crossing of State Highway 95 over Big Sandy Creek; 6.0 feet of lignite. 2. Banks of left tributary of Harris Creek, 0.3 mile southwest of intersection of State Highway 95 and Farm Road 2336; 7.5 feet of lignite with 1.5-foot clay parting. 3. Right bank of Colorado River, 3.3 miles by river from bridge of State Highway 71 Bypass; 6.0 feet of lignite. 4. One and one-fourth miles below Sandy Creek on Colorado River. 5. Clay pit of Payne Brick Company, north side of county road turning west of Farm Road 696, at a point 3.6 miles north of Butler.

Standardanalyses oflignites from Bastrop County are given in Appendix A. Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202) recorded the following analysis of gas distillate from lignite mined by Independence Mining Company at Phelan:

Gas yield, cv. ft. /ton . 8,135 Illuminants, % 2.5 Carbon monoxide, % . 9.0 Hydrogen, % . « ...... 46.4 Methane, % 30.0 Nitrogen, % . 10.0 Specific gravity .474 Candle power 3.4 B. t.u. /cu. ft. (calc. ) . 524 29

Fig. 13. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed on east bluff of Colorado River, 0.5 mile south of gravel road from Phelan to Mt. Zion Church, at a point 1.6 miles west of Phelan;opposite Powell Bend. Calvert Bluff Formation. 30

Fig. 14. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed on north bank of Cedar Creek, 0.2 mile downstream from bridge on Farm Road 20. Calvert Bluff Formation. 31

Fig. 15. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed on west bank ot Piney Creek, 200 yards upstream from Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad crossing. Calvert Bluff Formation. 32

Fig. 16. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed on northbank of Dennison Creek, 0.6 mile upstream from Colorado River and 0.3 mile upstream from crossing of county road. Calvert Bluff Formation. 33

Fig. 17. Diagrammatic section of abandoned lignite pit, known as Elliot pit No. 5, at head of Dennison Creek. Calvert Bluff Formation. (Modified from notes of J. E. Elliott.) -34-

Fig. 18. Diagrammatic section of abandoned pit west of Dunstan Station, old landing on Missouri-Kansas- Texas Railroad, 4.4 miles north of center of Bastrop. Calvert Bluff Formation. (Modified from notes of J. E. Elliott. ) -35-

Bexar County. --Wilcox rocks crop out in a belt extending across the southern part of Bexar County (fig. 19); these are the only rocks in the county known to contain lignite. Few outcrops of lignite are known, but lignites have been mined in the extreme southwestern part of the county at the old Kirkwood mine andat a mine operated by Brackenridge Coal Company.

Schoch (1918, pp. 77, 189) gave analyses and location of an outcrop of lignite along the south side of the Missouri Pacific Railroad crossing of the MedinaRiver near Cassin. At this outcrop 4.5 feet of lignite is exposed, with an overburden of 40 feet. Drill holes in the vicinity of the outcrop, however, penetrated only 14 inches of lignite at 164 feet.

Fig. 19. General distribution of lignite deposits in Bexar County, Texas. 36

The old Kirkwood mine,locatedin the extreme southwesternpart ofßexar County, about 3/4 mile north of the Atascosa County line, was operated during the late 1800's. Dumble (1892, p. 185) briefly described the lignite and noted that the mined seam was 5.5 feet thick. Sellards (1920, p. 119) mentioned that in1920 the Brackenridge Coal Company planned to start mining operations 1.5 miles west of Somerset. Drilling in this area indicated a seam of lignite 5 feet 9 inches thick at a depth of 44 feet.

Bowie County. --Potentially commercial deposits of Wilcox lignite occur in Bowie County but little attempt has been made to develop them. Outcrops of lignite are reported along Sulphur River andAnderson Creek (fig. 20). Dumble (1892) reported shafts on Anderson Creek, 5 miles south of Boston, where a 12 -foot seam of lignite was mined at a depth of 30 feet. Similar occurrences of lignite are reported on the Cass County side of Sulphur River, e.g., the 12-foot seam at Stone Coal Bluff. Lignite was mined from 1907-1909 by the Carbondale Coal Company, about 2 miles north of Carbondale. Core drilling inthe vicinity of the old mine indicated a lignite 3 to 13 feet thick with an areal extent of approximately 2,000 acres.

Fig. 20. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Bowie County, Texas. -37-

Analyses of lignites from. Bowie County (Appendix A) indicate that these lignites are similar in quality to those to the south and southwest.

Caldwell County. --Lignite-bearing rocks of the Wilcox Group extend southwest across Caldwell County (fig, 21). Little is known of the thickness or quality of the lignites. Most reported occurrences are in the upper part oi the Wilcox Group in the eastern part of the county. Lignites are recorded in several driller'slogs andcrop out along streams in the eastern part of the county; exposures occur along SandyFork of Peach Creek in the extreme southeastern part of the county and at Burdett Wells on Clear Fork of Plum Creek, 5.2 miles south-southwest of Lockhart. The onlyreported thickness of lignite inCaldwell County is recorded byDumble(1892) from the vicinity of Pin Oak Creek, where three beds, each 1.5 to 2.0 feet thick, are exposed. Lignites exposed in the vicinity of Prairie Lea are in the lower part of the Wilcox Group.

Analyses of lignites from Burdett Wells are given in Appendix A,

Fig. 21. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Caldwell County, Texas. Area of principal lignite deposits ruled. 38

Camp, Franklin, and Titus counties. --Significant and commercial deposits of Wilcox lignite occur in Camp, Franklin, and Titus counties. Past development has been mostly in Titus County with mining at Winfield, Mt. Pleasant, and Cookville. Outcrops, found mostly in streams and creeks, are common within the area noted in figure 22. - Seven mines have been operatedin Titus County. A to 8-foot seam of lignite was mined at a depth of 50 feet by Cookville Coal & Lumber Company at Cookville;Libby ManufacturingCompanymined a 7-foot seam at Mt. Pleasant; lignite mining was reported at Winfield in 1931 by Plummer (1933), in 1934by Baker (1935), and in 1946 by Stenzel (1948). Baker (1935) reported a shaft in northwestern Camp County, near Newsome, with two seams of lignite 5.5 and 4 to 5 feet thick being worked. Little is known of lignites in Franklin County, but they are probably similar to those in Titus and Camp counties.

Thickness and nature of the lignites in mines, as well as the indication on driller's logs of lignites at shallow depths, show that commercial deposits of lignites are extensive in Camp, Franklin, and Titus counties.

Analyses oflignites from Titus and Campcounties are given inAppendix A. Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202)gave the following analysis of gas distillate from lignite mined by Cookville Coal and Lumber Company in Titus County:

Yield of gas (cv. ft. /dry ton) .... 9,560 Illuminants, % 4.6 Carbon monoxide, % . 19.4 Hydrogen, % . . . 50.4 Methane, % 19.4 Nitrogen, % 6.2 Specific gravity . .537 Candle power 3.0 B. t. u. /cu. ft. (calc. )...... 558 Cass County. --Lignites crop out in the northern part of Cass County in a belt roughly parallel to Sulphur River (fig. 23). The best known deposits are in the northeastern part of the county, in the vicinity of Alamo and at Stone Coal Bluff along the Sulphur River.

Durable (1892, p. 159) reported two beds of lignite in the vicinity of Alamo at depths of 49 and 65 feet--an upper seam 1.7 feet thick and a lower seam 4.1 feet thick but not completely penetrated. At Stone CoalBluff on the Sulphur River, Shumard (1859) reported 12 feet of lignite at low-water level.

Wilcox lignites are encountered in wells throughout Cass County, mostly at depths of 200 to 600 feet. A few thin and lenticular lignite beds are present in the Queen CityFormation, the formation that forms the surface rock in most of the county. 39

Fig. 22. Distribution of Wilcox GroupinCamp, Frank- lin,andTitus counties, Texas.

Fig. 23. General distribution of Wilcox lignites in Cass County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 40

Freestone County. --Important andpotentially commercial deposits of lignite occur in Freestone County where the entire belt of Wilcox rocks crosses the county (fig. 24). Less published data are available concerning these lignites than those occurring immediately south in Leon County, but in most re- spects deposits of the two areas appear to be similar.

Manybeds of lignite in Freestone Countyhave burned at the outcrop. Such burning apparently was the result of spontaneous combustion (Lonsdale and Crawford, 1928).

Several outcrops of lignite arepresent in streams andgullies inFreestone County. Individual seams are generally less than 10 feet thick. Dumble (1892) reported three beds of lignite in the northeastern part of the county with the middle or secondbed 5 feet thick. Lonsdale and Crawford (1928) indicated two seams, 5 and 12 feet thick, in the southern corner of the county; one section showed a single seam 17 feet thick. Whitcomb (1939a, p. 3) noted a 25-foot seam of lignite at a depth of 40 feet in a well 3/4 mile west of Turlington. This thickness, cited in several later publications, represents one of the thickest seams of lignite in the State; however, no description was given and the total thickness may include some other rock in addition to lignite.

Driller's logs of water and oil wells drilled within the Wilcox belt in Freestone County record lignite seams averaging about 6 feet in thickness at depths ranging from 20 to 300 feet.

Nopast commercial production of lignite isknownfromFreestone County, except for local shaft operations reportedby Lonsdale and Crawford (1928) in the area west of Donie in the southern part of the county. Much lignite has been producedcommercially from northwesternLeon County immediately south of Freestone County. The best commercial prospects for lignite mining in Freestone County probably are in the southern part of the county.

Analyses of lignites, mostly from Donie, are given in Appendix A.

Gregg County. --A few beds of Wilcox lignite are exposed at low water along the Sabine River in the eastern part of Gregg County (fig. 25). As far as is known, however, these lignites are thin and of poor quality. Dumble (1892, p. 169) reported a lignite seam 5 feet thick on the north side of the Sabine River in southeasternGregg Countybut noted that the lignite was mostly sandy and impure. In the later 1800's some shafts were sunk along the Sabine River; the lignite mined was used as fuel by the old Texas, Sabine Valley, and Northwestern Railroad. No analyses of lignites from Gregg County are available.

Guadalupe County.--Wilcox rocks extend in a southwestern belt across Guadalupe County (fig. 26) and though lignite has been reported from these rocks, little is known of its distribution, thickness, and quality. Plummer 41

Fig. 24. General distribution of Wilcox lignites inFreestone County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Fig. 25. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Gregg County, Texas. 42

Fig. 26. General distribution of Wilcox Group in Guadalupe County, Texas. Area of principal lignite deposits ruled.

(1933, p. 575, map, fig. 36) showed five lignite mines in the central and northeastern part of the county, but there is no mention of these mines in his text. In describing Wilcox rocks exposed along Cibolo Creek, Deussen (1924, p. 54) noted the presence of lignitic shales but mentioned no lignite deposits. Well-known deposits of lignite occur in Wilcox rocks in Bastrop County to the north and inßexar County to the southwest so that commercial deposits of lignite may be present in Guadalupe County. Several logs of water wells given in the Texas Board of Water Engineers (1937) report on Guadalupe County indicate numerous, but relatively thin, beds of lignite in the area of Wilcox outcrop.

No analyses are availableof lignites from Guadalupe County.

Harrison County. --Lignite-bearing rocks are exposed in the eastern one-thirdof HarrisonCountyextending in a north-trending belt from the Sabine River to Caddo Lake (fig. 27). Principal exposures occur along the Sabine River on the Panpla-Harrison County line. Outcrops form shoals in the river, such as at RockyFord andRobertson Ford (fig. 28). A few outcrops are present in the northeastern part of the county along the banks of Caddo Lake. 43

Fig. 27. Distribution ofWilcoxlignites inHarri- son County, Texas. Area ofprincipal deposits ruled.

Fig. 28. Diagram- matic sectionoflignite exposed at Robertson Ford, Sabine River, Harrison County, Texas. Modified from Dumble(1892, p. 164). 44

Available analyses of lignites from northeastern Harrison County indicate that theyare of much the same quality as those farther south in the county, but beds in the northeastare generallyless than 3 feet thick. Those in the southern part of the county, as exposed along the Sabine River and as mined at Darco, are thicker, averaging 5 to 10 feet.

Lignite-bearing beds in the county have a regional dip to the northwest and dip under younger rocks. Water wells drilled in Marshall and vicinity penetrated several lignite seams of variable thickness at depths of 30 to 600 feet.

Fig. 29. Diagrammatic sections of strip mines at Atlas Chemical Indus- tries, Inc., Darco, Texas, 12 miles southwest of Marshall on State Highway 43, Harrison County. A, Section given by Selvig et al. (1950). B, Section exposed in fall of 1961. 45

Lignite has beenminedin the vicinity of Darco in south-central Harrison County for several years, and open-pit strip mining by Atlas Powder Company at the present time represents one of the two current large-scale, lignite- mining operations in Texas (fig. 29). Lignite presently mined at Darco is hauled to Marshall and used in the production of activated carbon. At present about 12 feet of lignite, generally in two seams separatedby a thin parting of clay, is mined. Overburden removed in past operations has ranged from 20 to 60 feet. Utilization of lignite in the manufacture of activated carbon has been described by Evans (1944).

Mr. G. H. Scheffler (letter dated May 10, 1961) of Atlas Chemical In- dustries, Inc., has given the following data on lignite mined at Darco:

Proximate analysis Moisture, % . .. . 33.0 Volatile materials, d.b.,%...... 44.2 Fixed carbon, d.b.,%...... 45.1 Ash, d.b.,% ...... 10.7 8.t.u. /lb., d.b...... 11,200 Ultimate analysis (dry basis)

Carbon, % ...... 63.9 Hydrogen, % . . . . 3.6 Nitrogen, %„.... 1.0 Sulfur, % . 100l o 0 Ash, % . . . . 10.7 Oxygen, % (by difference) 19.8

Ash composition

SiO2, % 35.0 R203, % 27.1 CaO, % 16.2 MgO, %...... 3.0 Alkalies, as Na2O, % 1.8

Physical features

Density/cu. ft 77 lb. Weight/acre-foot ...... 1,675 tons Specific gravity 1.15 to 1.45, generally 1.20 to 1.25 46

Selvig et al. (1950), in a study of the petrography and extractable waxes of American lignites, gave the following data concerning lignites mined at Darco:

Extractable waxes, % (average of two beds) 80% Benzene--20% ethyl Benzene solution alcohol solution As-received basis 1.9 4.1 Dry basis . 2.3 5.1 Dry basis (ash-free) 2.6 5.7 2/ Physical-chemical features of waxes

Waxes extractedby benzene-ethyl alcohol solution

Melting point, °C ...... 83 to 87 Acid value ...... 58 Saponification value „ 119 Ester value . 61 Ash, % 0.3 Benzene-alcohol solubility 96 Ethyl ether solubility . 66 Petrographic components

Anthraxylon, % 31.8 Translucent attritus, % 59.5 Opaque attritus, %...... 6.9 Fusain, % 1.5

Selvig et al. concluded that the lignites of the Darco area are the woody or xyloid type and contain less extractable waxes than attrital type lignites.

Stadnichenko et al. (1961) listed the following beryllium content in one sample of lignite from Darco:

Average ash content, % 8.9 Beryllium content of ash, % 0.0007 Beryllium content of lignite, p. p.m 0.6

Standard analyses of representative lignites from Harrison County are given in Appendix A.

27 For analytical procedure in determining units, refer to Selvig (1950),, 47

Henderson County. --Iraportant deposits of Wilcox lignite occur in a belt extending across Henderson County (fig. 30); these deposits underlie, at relatively shallow depths, most of the central part of the county and have been the source of lignite for some of the largest producers in the State. Principal mining was centered in the vicinity of Malakoff where seams 7 to 12 feet thick were mined. A total of 14 mines have been operated, with two mines located 6.5 miles northeast of Malakoff, three mines located 1.5 miles north of Mala- koff, and seven mines located 2»5 miles east of Malakoff. Main producers were Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company and Dallas Lignite Company. Baker (1935) reported lignite seams 6 and 4feet thick from a locality 8 miles west of Athens and up to 12 feet thick in the vicinity of Stockard. Driller's logs of water wells drilled in Wilcox rocks of the central part of Henderson County record lignite at shallow depths in most wells, so that lignites similar to those formerly mined at Malakoff apparently are extensive.

Fig. 30. General distribution of Wilcox lignites in Henderson County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Dumble (1892, p. 167) reported lignites along the bluffs of the Neches River and at depths of 20 to 40 feet throughout the southeast part of Henderson County. Theselignites are in the Queen CityFormation and generallyare more lenticular and of much poorer quality than Wilcox lignites. Local deposits of commercial value maybe present.

Analyses of lignites from Henderson County, mostly from Malakoff and vicinity, are given in Appendix A. 48

Hopkins County. --Significant deposits of lignite are found inWilcox rocks of Hopkins Countyina belt extending across the southeasternpart of the county (fig. 31). One main seam has an average thickness of about 6 feet; partings of dark shale, less than 0.5 foot thick, are common. A second seam, mined north of Como, has a thickness of about 8.5 feet. Outcrops are numerous within the Wilcox belt.

Fig. 31. Distribution of Wilcox lignites in Hopkins County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Mining operations, which began in 1901 and continued intermittently for several years, centered at Como inthe southeasternpart of the county (frontispiece). Stenzel (1948) reportedmining at Como as late as 1946. Twelve mines have been operated in the vicinity of Como; main operators were Como Coal Company, Lone Star Lignite Company, and McKay Lignite Mining Company. Seams oflignite 7feetand 5. 5 feet thick, at depths of 35 to 90 feet, respectively, were mined by these companies. A section of the lignite mined by Como Coal Company is shown infigure 32. 49

Fig. 32. Section of lignite mined by Como Coal Company, Como, Texas. From Phillips (1902, p. 15).

Analyses of lignite from Hopkins County aregiven in Appendix A. Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202) gave the following analysis of gas distillate of lignite from Hopkins County:

Como Coal Company Lone Star Lignite Company

Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton . . . 7,996 9,140 Illuminants, % 1081 O8 1.4 Carbon monoxide, % 11.8 14.0 Hydrogen, % 51.2 55.0 Methane, % 20.6 22.2 Nitrogen, % ...... 1 . 8.0 6.8 Specific gravity ...... 457 .373 Candle power «... -1.1 -1.0 B.t. v. /cv. ft. (calc. ) ..... 518 450 50

Phillips (1902, p. 54) reported the following analysis of ash from lignite mined at Como:

Percent

SiO 53.04 E A12O3 24.68 Fe2O3 7.7 CaO 10.59 MgO Trace MnO . .. Trace H2SO4 3.53

Lee County.--The mainbelts of Wilcox andJackson lignites occur in Lee County, but deposits are scattered and not well known (fig. 33). Lignite crops out in the southwestern part of the Wilcox lignite belt in the vicinity of Yegua Knobs and Blue Branch; these beds are generally thin, though Dumble (1892) reporteda 6-foot seam at Blue Branch. In the northwestern part of the Wilcox lignite belt, at Hicks, 4 miles north of Tanglewood, two shafts were operated during 1925-1930; lignite was mined from a 4-foot seam at a depth of 50 feet.

Fig. 33. General distribution of lignite deposits in Lee County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 51

Standard analyses of lignites from Lee County are given in Appendix A. Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202) gave the following analysis of gas distillate from Lee County lignites:

Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton 5,576 Illuminants, %...... 4.8 Carbon monoxide, % .. « » . » . . 2Z.6 Hydrogen, %...... 41.4 Methane, % ...... « . 23.4 Nitrogen, % ...... 7.0 Specific gravity ...... 449 Candle power ...... 6.1 B.t.u. /cu. ft. (calc. ) ...... 533

Leon County. --Significant lignite deposits in Leon County occur in the Calvert Bluff Formation, which crops out in the extreme northwestern part of the county (fig. 34),, Lignite deposits are in other formations of the county, but these lignites generally are impure, very thin, and lenticular.

From 1907 to 1930 lignite was mined in the vicinity of Evansville and Bear Grass and at times during this period mining was the largest industry of the county. Several shafts were operated by two companies- -Houston-Leon County Coal Company and Bear Grass Mining Company. Descriptions of these mines were given by Stenzel (1939, pp. 229-245).

As reported in mines and in several borings made in the vicinity of Evansville (Stenzel,1939), the main or mined lignite bed ranges from 7 to 11 feet in thickness. Commonly the upper 1 or 2 feet of lignite in this bed is friable and of poor quality resulting in what is generally known as "rotten coal." Shaft depths in the Leon County mines ranged from 30 to 110 feet, and borings made in the area just south of Lambs Creek on the old property of Houston- Leon County Coal Company show the main lignite bed at similar depths. The lignite bed that was mined dips about 1 degree S. 55° E.

Stenzel (1939, p. 245) reported if to 2 million tons of lignite hadbeen mined from the area; an equal amount probably remains. 52

FIG. 34. Distribution of Wilcox lignite deposits in Leon County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Standard analyses of lignites from Leon County are given.in Appendix A. Phillips andWorrell (1913, p. 202)listed thefollowinganalyses of gas distillate from Leon County lignites: Bear Grass, Evansville

Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton . . . 8,157 9,028 6,500 Illuminants, % 1.7 2.1 2.1 Carbon monoxide, % 2.6 8.0 11.5 Hydrogen, % ...... 49.3 44.2 52.5 Methane, % 41.6 31.2 29.4 Nitrogen, %..... 5.5 11.6 4.5 Specific gravity ,353 .454 .326 Candle power...... -1.1 9.3 1.5 B.t.u. /cu. ft. (calc.) 538 549 533 53

Limestone County. --Lignite-bearing strata crop out across the southeastern part of Limestone County, forming the prairie country of that area (fig. 35). Potentiallycommercial deposits areprobably present in the extreme eastern part of the county in the area adjoining Freestone and Leon counties. No published information is available concerning the number and thicknesses of lignite seams in the county, but deposits probably are similar to those in adjacent areas. Available analyses of lignites from Limestone County are given in Appendix A.

Fig. 35. Distribution of Wilcox lignite deposits in Limestone County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 54-

Marion County. --Lignite deposits are found in Marion County, but little is known of their nature, quality, and distribution. Lignite-bearing rocks of the Wilcox Group are exposed in the southeastern part of the county and crop out in the banks of the lower part of Cypress Creek and in small streams flow- ing into the north side of Caddo Lake (fig. 36). Most of the lignite beds are thin, with maximum thickness of 15 inches recorded, and probably are not of commercial thickness. Well records from the southeastern part of the county indicate only local and sporadic occurrences of lignite. Thicker and more extensive seams occur at depths of 300 to 400 feet. No development of any of the lignites from Marion County has been reported, and there are no known published analyses of the lignites.

Fig. 36. Distribution of Wilcox lignite deposits in Marion County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Medina County. --Rocks of the Wilcox Group are exposed in a west- southwest belt across the southern part of Medina County (fig. 37); these are the only rocks in the county known to contain lignite. Commonly, driller's logs erroneously indicate lignite or lignitic shale for dark shales in the Cre- taceous Eagle.Ford Formation.

Principal deposits of lignite in Medina County are west of Lytle at the old community of Coal Mine near the junction of Medina, Bexar, and Atascosa counties. Three mines operated in this area and probably were mining the same lignite bed as that mined in northwestern Atascosa and southwestern Bexar counties. The old Carr mine was situated near the Atascosa County line, 1.5 miles west of Lytle; a seam of lignite which averaged 5.5 feet in thickness was mined at a depth of about 60 feet. Three-fourths mile west of the Carr mine, Belts Coal Company mined 5 to 8 feet of lignite at a depth of 85 feet at its old Riley mine. Just southwest of the Carr and Riley mines, 55

FIG- 37. General distribution of Wilcox Group in Medina County, Texas. Area of principal lignite deposits ruled.

Bertelli Coal Company mined a seam of lignite averaging 5.5 feet in thickness at a depth of 50.feet. The lignite at both the Riley and Bertelli mines occurred at a greater depth than that at the Carr mine, and Maxwell (1962) suggested that the difference in depth is the result of faulting. All of the mines were shaft operations. Several analyses of these lignites are given in Appendix A. Logs of the shafts of the Riley and Carr mines are given in figure 38.

Little is known concerning lignites of the Wilcox in the remainder of Medina County, although it is reasonable to assume that lignites of quality and thickness similar to that formerly mined west of Lytle occur elsewhere in the county. -56-

Fig. 38. Logs of mine shafts west of Lytle, Medina County, Texas. A, Carr mine, 1.5 miles west of Lytle (Dumble, 1892, p. 185). B, Riley mine, 2.2 miles west of Lytle (Lonsdale, 1935, p. 20).

Phillips (1902, p. 54) gave the following analysis of ash from lignites of Medina County:

Carr Mine Bertelli Mine Percent Percent

SiO2 ...... 63.4 40.46 A12O3 ...... 12027 16.92 Fe2O3 ...... 5.95 8.32 CaO . o None 15.60 MgO ...... Trace 1.22 MnO 1.0 H2SO4 ...... 13.71 15.54

The following analyses of gas distillates from lignites of Medina County were given by Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202): 57

Carr Mine Bertelli Mine

Yield of gas, cv. ft. /dry ton .... 6,240 5,358 Illuminants, % 2.3 2.1 Carbon monoxide, % 11.3 11.2 Hydrogen, % . . . 46.2 48.7 Methane, % ...... 32.7 32.6 Nitrogen, %...... 7.5 5.4 Specific gravity .423 .40 Candle power -1. 4. B.t. v. /cv. ft. (calc.) 550 574

Milam County. --Lignite deposits in Milam County are the most important and most exploited lignites in Texas. At least 34 different companies have operated mines in this county during the past 70 years. One of the two large, existing, lignite-mining operations inthe State is conductedbyIndustrial Gener- ating Company southwest of Rockdale.

Lignites in Milam County are in the Cal- vert Bluff Formation and extend northeast across the county to the Brazos River, apparently connecting with lignite deposits at Cal- vert Bluff in Robertson County (fig. 39). Sev- eral beds of lignite are present but generally only two or three are of commercial importance. Individual seams locallyare up to 20 feet thick but average about 7 feet; lignite currently mined by Industrial Generating Company averages 13 feet in thickness.

FIG. 39. General distribution of Wilcox lignite deposits in Milam County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. -58-

Mining was centered in the general areas of Rockdale and Milano in the southwestern and south-central parts of the county and near Jones Prairie in the northeast; of these, the Rockdale area was the most important. Most earlymining in the county was by shafts which were generally sunk to 60 to 100 feet (fig. 40), but in recent years mining has been exclusively by openpit. At present, Industrial Generating Company is able to strip as much as 150 feet of overburden for as little as 10 feet of lignite (fig. 41).

Mr. G.H. Scheffler of Atlas Powder Company (letter dated May 10, 1961) gave the following as a typical analysis of ash from Milam County lignites:

Percent SiO2 40.1 R203 24.5 CaO ...... 13.9 MgO 2.7 Alkalies, as Na£O ... 1.8

Fig. 40. Log of shaft of Rockdale Mining Company, near Rockdale, Milam County, Texas. Modified from Plummer (1933, p. 589). 59

Fig. 41. Diagrammatic section of strip mine of Industrial Generating Company, at end of Farm Road 1786, 5 miles south of U.S. Highway 79, southwest of Rockdale, Milam County, Texas. 60-

Selvig et al. (1950) have given the following data concerning extractable ■waxes from lignites taken from the Sandow mine southwest of Rockdale:

Extractable w^xes

As tested, % D. b., % D. b. (ash-free), %

Benzene solution 1.9 2.2 2.6 65%benzene-35% ethyl alcohol solution 3.9 4.4 5.1 80% benzene-20% ethyl alcohol solution 4.5 5.2 6.0

Physical-chemical features of wax

Waxes extractedby t benzene-ethyl alcohol solution

Melting point, *C 77 to 81 Acid value . . . . 77 Saponification value 123 Ester value 46 Ash, % 0.4 Benzene-alcohol solubility 84 Ethyl alcohol-ether solubility .... 64

Phillips and Worrell (1913, pp. 192-195, 202) gave the following analyses of residues and gas distillates from Milam County lignites:

Tar (average analysis in percent)

Waxes extracted by benzene-ethyl alcohol solution

Residue from lignite, as charged. . . 40.5 Residue from dry lignite 56.1 Ammoniacal liquor 34.4 Total ammonia inraw lignite 0.76 Tar, raw lignite 8.1 Tar, dry basis 11.2 -61-

Composition of residue (average analysis in percent)

Moisture 0.98 Volatile material ...... 3.30 Fixed carbon. 73.70 Ash 22.00 Sulfur 1.46 B. t.u. /lb . 10,465 Free carbon 1.3

Composition of tar distillate (fractions in percent)

Water . .'....'. 0.40 Ist fraction, to 392°F, light oil 6.81 2nd fraction, to 527°F, middle oil...... 17.95 3rd fraction, to 600°F, heavy oil ...... 28.75 4th fraction, to66o°F, soft paraffin oil . .... 12.00 Residue, soft pitch...... 32.57 Composition of cracked pitch (percent)

Hard paraffin ...... 19.01 Red products 1.30 Coke. 11.00 Gas and loss ...... 1.26

Composition of oils from tar distillate

Active phenol, % Bases, % Specific gravity Ist fraction. . . . 19.51 3.2 0.830 2nd fraction. . .. 27.50 6.0 0.983 3rd fraction. . . . 20.90 3.0 0.951 4th fraction . . . . 24.00 3.0 0.951 Hard paraffin . . . 18.00 3.0 0.921

Paraffin in raw tars

Fractions

3rd 4th Hard paraffin/oils

Yield of oils, % 28.75 12.00 19.00 Loss by washing, % . . 24.00 27.00 21.00 Remainder after washing, % 21.85 8.76 15.00 Paraffin content of washed residue, %. . 4.30 12.40 12.50 Melting point, °C .50 54 59 62

Nitrogen content (percent)

Dry lignite 2.53 Tar from lignite. 2.82 Residue 0.18 Gas 4.90

Gas distillate

Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton . . 8,842 7,352 9,217 9,755 Illuminants, % . 1.8 2.0 0.8 1.8 Carbon monoxide, % .... 21.6 19.4 17.9 9.8 Hydrogen, %...... 47.8 43.8 46,2 56,2 Methane, % ...... 15.9 24.6 20.5 24.4 Nitrogen, % 7.7 8.7 5.0 7.4 Specific gravity . .503 ,468 .514 ,368 Candle power -1. 3. -1. . -1. B.t.u. /cu. ft. (calc. )" " " " 425 485 460 492

Morris County. --Lignites have been reported from the northern part of Morris County, mostly along the banks of the Sul- phur River and along Whiteoak Creek (fig. 42). Little is known of the thickness and quality of these lignites, though probably they are similar to Wilcox lignites in sur- rounding areas. Thin and noncommercial seams of lignite, apparently in the Queen City Formation, have been reported from the vicinity of Daingerfield.

Fig. 42. Distribution of Wil- cox lignite deposits in Morris County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 63

Nacogdoches County. --Wilcox rocks containing lignites crop out only in the extreme northwestern and north-central part of Nacogdoches County (fig. 43). These lignites represent a continuation of lignites exposed and formerly mined near Timpson and Center in Shelby County to the east. In other parts of Nacogdoches County, Wilcox lignites are overlain by younger rocks of the Claiborne Group. Extensive deposits of Wilcox lignites in the southern part of the county are at depths on the order of 500 feet.

Fig. 43. Distribution of Wilcox Group of Nacogdoches County, Texas.

Dumble (1920, p. 279) reported lignite mines on opposite sides of what is now the Texas and New Orleans branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, 0.5 mile south of Garrison. These mines were operatedin 1900 and 1901 by the East Texas Coal Company and the South Texas Coal Company. Each mine worked about seven acres of lignite. According to Dumble, the shaft of the 64

East Texas Coal Company was 54 feet deep and the mined lignite averaged 4.5 feet in thickness. In all, seven operators have mined lignite in the vicinity of Garrison.

No analyses of lignites from Nacogdoches County have been published.

Panola County. --Surface rocks of most of Panola County belong to the Wilcox Group and, accordingly, lignites are found in most of the county. Principal lignite deposits occur in the upper part of the Wilcox Group in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the county (fig. 44) 0

Fig. 44. General distribution of lignite deposits in Panola County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Lignites exposedin the southwestern part of the county, primarily in the vicinity of Gary, are of good quality, but known deposits are thin and generally less than 3 feet thick. In the northwestern part of the county, good-quality lignites are found in seams as much as 15 feet thick. Lignite deposits of this area apparently are continuous with those currently minedat Darco in southern Harrison County. Excellent exposures occur along the Sabine River and form shoals in the river (figs. 45, 46). Other outcrops of lignite from this part of the county have been reported in the vicinity of Tatum and Beckville. Water wells in northwestern Panola County generally encounter lignites at depths ranging from 15 to 30 feet. 65

The only record of lignite mining in Panola County was given by Dumble (1892, p. 192), who reported that several carloads of lignite had been mined from a 4.5-foot bed, 4 miles northwest of Beckville.

Analyses of lignites from Panola County are given in Appendix A and indicate that some of the best qualitylignites in theState occur in Panola County.

Fig. 45. Diagrammatic section of Black Shoals on Sabine River, 1.5 miles upstream from bridge on U. S. Highway 59, Panola County, Texas. 66

Fig. 46. Diagrammatic section of shoals on Sabine River, Panola County, Texas. A, One-fourth mile upstream from bridge on State Highway 43. B, Rocky Ford (modified from Dumble, 1892, p. 163). 67

Rains County. --Lignite deposits are found in the upper part of the Wilcox Group"in Rains "County (fig. 47), in the eastern and, especially, southeastern parts of the county. Logs of water wells (Texas Board of Water Engineers, Rains County, 1943) show lignite in beds 1 to 10 feet thick and at depths of 35 to 200 feet in the extreme southeasternpart of Rains County. Dumble (1892) reported lignite outcrops in bluffs in the eastern part of the countybut was not specific as to their location.

Although situated very close to the formerly important mining area of Alba inWood County, no significant mining has been attempted in Rains County. The 1909Report of the State Mine Inspector mentioned a commercial operation at Ginger, a community on the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, 3.5 miles southeast of Emory. Plummer (1933, p. 599) stated that a lignite mine inRains County, located southwest of Alba near the Sabine River and Wood County line, was operatedby Morton Salt Company in 1931.

Fig. 47. Distribution of Wilcox lignite deposits in Rains County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Robertson County. --Significant and important deposits of lignite occur in the west-central part of Robertson County north of the town of Calvert in the general area of Brazos River, Little Brazos River, and Walnut Creek (fig. 48). Strata containing lignite deposits extend across the county to the northeast in a belt paralleling Farm Road 979; however, lignites in the prairie country of the northeastern part of the county generally are thinner and poorer in quality than those in the Calvert area. A few lignites occur in the extreme northwestern part of the county, but these are stratigraphically below the main lignite beds and are likewise thin and of poor quality. All principal lignites in Robertson County occur in the lower part of the Calvert Bluff Formation. 68

Fig. 48. Distribution of lignite deposits in Robertson County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Best exposures of lignite in RobertsonCounty are along the Brazos River at Calvert Bluff (fig. 49) in three beds, 12, 3, and 3 feet thick, respectively. Kennedy (1893) reported lignite thicknesses up to 21 feet along Little Brazos River and Walnut Creek north of Calvert.

In west-central Robertson County, lignites are found at depths ranging from 30 to 400 feet. Beds dip to the southeast so that lignites occur at pro- gressively greater depths in that direction; for example, at Calvert lignites are at about 250 feet, at Hearne they are at depths of about 400 feet. 69

Fig. 49. Diagrammatic section ofCalvert Bluff, east side of Brazos River, 2.3 miles downstream fromBlack Bridge on Calvert-Cameron road, Robertson County, Texas. 70

Kennedy (1893) reported eleven different seams of lignite in west-central Robertson County, of which he considered six to be workable.

Small-scale mining bypits, shafts, and small drifts was conducted mostly in the late 1800's and the early 1900's. Most of the mining was done atCalvert Bluff on the Brazos River and in the vicinity of Salter, Little Brazos River, and Walnut Creek, a few miles north of Calvert. Phillips (1902, pp, 10, 11) described shaft operations of Central Texas Mining, Manufacturing, and Land Company, 6 miles northwest of Calvert.

Standard analyses of lignites from Robertson County are given in Appen- dix A.

Rusk County. --Lignites are present in Wilcox rocks which crop out in most of the eastern half of Rusk County (fig. 50); thin and generally unimportant deposits of lignite are also reported from the Queen City Formation which is exposedin the westernpart of the county. Dumble (1892) reported an exposure of lignite 3 feet thick, 5 miles northeast of Henderson along Martin Creek. A nearby water well penetrated 6 feet of lignite at a relatively shallow depth. Phillips (1914) noted a bed of lignite 3 to 6 feet thick at Grahams Lake, 12 miles west of Henderson; Baker (1935) mentioned two seams of lignite 3.1 feet thick in an area 5 miles southeast of Henderson. Driller's logs of geophysical shot holes in the adjoining northeastern part of Cherokee County, reported by Stenzel (1950), show lignites 2 to 5 feet thick in most all holes.

Analyses of lignites from Rusk County, given in Appendix A, indicate lignites comparable inquality to Wilcox lignites in other areas of northeast Texas, but apparently most are too thin to be of commercial importance. Thicker and more extensive Wilcox lignites occur at greater depths. No known attempts have been made to mine or develop lignites in Rusk County.

Shelby County. --Althoughdeposits of Wilcox lignite are probably extensive in Shelby County, most of them have not been developed (fig. 51). Dumble (1892) reported a seam 4 to 5 feet thick along Attoyac Bayou, 7 miles south of Timpson. Other outcrops are common in the larger streams of the county. Inthe area immediately east of Tirnpson, a seam of lignite 4 to 6 feet thick has been reportedat depths of 55 to 70 feet. 71

Fig. 50. Distribution of Wil- cox Group inRusk County, Texas.

Fig. 51. Distri- bution of Wilcox Group inShelby County, Tex- as. 72

The Timpson Coal Company mined lignite just east of the Texas and New Orleans Railroad, 1.5 miles south of Timpson. Lignite production from this mine was intermittent in the early 1900's but apparently was never significant. Phillips (1902, p8 14) briefly described the mining operation at Timpson, noting that a 6.5-foot seam of lignite was mined at a depth of 25 feet, Dumble (1892) reported two shafts sunk on a 5.5-foot seam of lignite in the southern part of the town of Center; this lignite seam is also found in local outcrops and water wells.

Analyses of lignites from Shelby County are given in Appendix A. Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 89) gave the composition of ash from lignite mined at Timpson as follows:

Percent SiO2 25.64 A1203 ...... 19.08 Fe2O3 ...... 12.92 CaO ..... o .. o . o . 18.68 MgO ...... 1.76 H2SO4 ...... 20.92

Smith County. --Lignite deposits are common throughout a large part of Smith County in Wilcox and Queen City rocks (fig. 52). Few, if any, of the near-surface deposits are of commercial value;thebetter grade Wilcox lignites, where present, are at depths generally greater than 500 feet. Surface and near-surface lignites in Smith County are mostly thin, lenticular, and of poor quality owing to a highcontent ofash and other impurities. No attempt has been made to develop these lignites on a commercial basis; nevertheless, if careful exploration is conducted, certain of the deposits may prove to be significant. Dumble (1892, pp. 167-168)indicated lignite seams up to 10 feet in thickness, especially in the northern part of the county along the Sabine River. Driller's logs of water and oil wells indicate lignite deposits up to 5 feet thick at depths of 10 to 300 feet throughout the area indicated in figure 52.

Available analyses of lignites from Smith County are given in Appendix A. 73

Fig. 52. Distribution of Queen City Formation in Smith County, Texas. 74

Uvalde County. --Wilcox lignites occur in a narrow belt extending across the southeastern corner of Uvalde County. Little is known of the quality of these lignites; their proximity to deposits in Medina and Zavala counties suggests they may be similar. Maxwell (1962) reported data from holes drilled about 10 miles southeast of Uvalde (fig. 53) that indicate up to 10 feet of lignite at depths from 30 to 100 feet. Maxwell also stated that about 2 tons of lignite had been mined from this area.

No published analyses of lignites from Uvalde County are available.

Fig. 53. Distribution of lignite deposits in Uvalde County, Texas. 75

Van Zandt County. --Rocks belonging to the Wilcox Group crop out in about one-half of Van Zandt County in a belt extending from the southwestern to the northeastern part of the county (fig. 54). Several seams of lignite are exposed at different places in the county, especiallyalong the Sabine River and its tributary streams.

Lignite seams up to 10 feet thick are known from Van Zandt County; however, littlepublished information is available concerning distribution and quality of the lignites., Primarily on the basis of drill-hole data, Perkins and Lonsdale (1955) listed south-central Van Zandt County as a general area of significant lignite deposits. In the past, a 10- to 12-foot seam of lignite was mined about 2 miles northwest of Canton. Phillips et al. (1911, p. 45) gave analyses of lignite received from Edgewood Coal and Fuel Company, but it is not known from what part of the county this lignite was mined.

Fig. 54. Distribution of Wilcox Group in Van Zandt County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. -76-

Mr. G.H. Scheffler (letter dated May 10, 1961) gave the following composition of ash from lignite mined in Van Zandt County:

Percent SiO2 43.6 R203 . 23.1 CaO ... . 1609 MgO , . . 2.3 " Alkalies, as Na2O ...... 1.3

Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202) recorded the following composition of gas distillate from Van Zandt County lignite:

Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton „ . . „ . 6,685 Illuminants, % ...... 1„0 Carbon monoxide, % ...... „ „ 15.5 Hydrogen, % ...... „ „ . . . . 46.8 Methane, „ % ...... 0 . 28.7 Nitrogen, % . . „ „ . . „ ...... 7.0 Specific gravity ...... 465 Candle power ...... 2. B. ft. (calc. ) t.u. /cu. . . o . . o . . 520

Wood Countyo --Lignite-bearing rocks of the upper part of the Wilcox Group crop out in the western quarter of Wood County (fig. 55). In the vicinity of Alba where, beginning in 1890, 17 mines were operatedintermittently for many years, three distinct seams of lignite are present. Most of the mining was done by shaft, with only the uppermost of the three lignite seams mined. As mined, thisbed of lignite ranged inthickness from 8 to 13 feet and occurred at depths of 18 to 40 feet- Stenzel (1948, po 41) noted that lignite was being mined at Alba as late as 1946. 77

Fig. 55. Distribution of lignite deposits in Wood County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled.

Rocks of the Wilcox Group generally dip to the east in Wood County and are present beneath younger rocks in the central and eastern parts of the county. Logs of various wells indicate lignite in the central part of the county .and in the vicinity of Mineola at depths of 300 to 500 feet. These lignites are similar to lignites exposed in the western part of the county. Dumble (1892, p. 171) reported "large deposits of brown coal...in the neighborhoodof Haw- kins.... This field is said to cover over a mile of territory, but its actual extent is not known." Surface rocks in this area belong to the Queen City Forma- tion.

Several analyses of lignites from Wood County, mostly of mined lignites from Alba, are given in Appendix A. Analyses of ash from Wood County lignites are reported as follows:

North Texas Coal Company (Phillips, 1902, p. 54)

Percent Percent SiO2 « 33.00 38.73 A1203 . 25.84 23.00 Fe2O3 . 7.40 6.00 CaO 22.32 24.11 MgO ...... Trace MnO Trace H2SO4 11.32 8.51 78

Typical analysis of ash from Wood County lignite (Ho G. Scheffler, letter dated May 10, 1961)"

Percent

o 45.4 SiO2 . .. . R203 00... 23.5 CaO 20.4 MgO...... 2.8 Zavala County. --Lignites of potentialcommercial significance occur only in the northwestern part of Zavala County where Wilcox rocks crop out in a narrow belt (fig. 56) O Thin and mostly noncommercial seams of lignite occur in the Bigford Formation throughout much of the remainder of the county.

Fig. 56. Distribution of lignite deposits in Zavala County, Texas. 79

Exposures of Wilcox lignites in northern Zavala County, in the vicinity of theNueces River (fig. 57), have been reported and described by Owen (1889, p. 69), Dumble (1892, p. 188), Vaughan (1900, pp. 61-62), Ashley (1919, p» 268), Getzendaner (1931, pp. 117-118), Baker (1935, p. 333), and Maxwell (1962). Several seams, up to 10 feet but mostly about 3 feet thick, are present in the upper part of the Wilcox Group. Baker (1935, p. 351) noted lignite, pre- sumably Wilcox lignite, in a wellat 118 feet, 12 miles west of La Pryor, in- dicating that lignites occur at relatively shallow depths inparts of northern Zavala. County.

Fig. 57. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed on east bank of Nueces River, 1.5 miles downstream from bridge on U.S. Highway 83, Zavala County, Texas. From Maxwell (1962, p. 88). 80

Lignite has been mined in Zavala County as indicated by two old mine shafts on thebanks of the Nueces River about 1 mile upstream from the crossing of U. S. Highway 83. Maxwell (1962) reported that the Missouri Pacific Rail- road Company several years ago mined 10 feet of lignite at depths of 25 to 30 feet at this locality. According to Maxwell, one of the shafts may be the one Dumble (1892, p. 188) described from which 4 feet 10 inches of lignite was mined. Dumble mentioned that lignite from northern Zavala County was used by blacksmiths at Fto Inge0

Most of the reports of lignite in Zavala County indicate that deposits are highly lenticular and laterally variable; certain drill holes show no lignite. Evaluation of deposits in this area will require careful test drilling.

Analyses of lignites from Zavala County are given in Appendix A

Miscellaneous Wilcox lignites. --In addition to the counties described, Wilcox rocks also crop out in Cherokee, Dimmit, Falls, Gonzales, Maverick, Navarro, Webb, Williamson, and Wilson counties,, Lignites are reportedfrom Wilcox rocks of these areas, but as far as is known none of these lignites are of commercial importance.

Yegua Lignites

The Yegua Formation of Texas contains lignite deposits second only in importance to the lignites of the Wilcox Group. Yegua lignites are not as extensive or as well known as those of the Wilcox and commonly are of slightly poorer quality. More important deposits of Yegua lignites occur north of the Brazos River, though potentially significant, low-grade deposits are present locally in south Texas. In northeast Texas, main deposits of lignites appear to be concentrated in the middle or upper part of the Yegua Formation. The general outcrop of the lignite-bearing part of the Yegua Formation in Texas is shown in figure 1.

Angelina County. --In Angelina County, lignite occurs in the Yegua For- mation in a belt extending roughly east-west across the central part of the county (fig. 58). Rocks within this belt are similar to lignite-bearing rocks in Trinity andHouston counties. Lignites are exposed along banks of the Angelina and Neches Rivers and are penetrated by most water and oil wells within the generalarea of the Yegua outcrop. Principaldeposits appear to be in the upper part of the formation, primarily in the area from Huntington to Burke. From well data, Dumble (1920, p. 283) reported 12 feet of lignite at depths of 25 feet at Huntington and 4 to 7 feet of lignite at depths of 15 feet at Burke.

Atascosa County. --Lignites of the Yegua Formation occur in the southeastern part of Atascosa County, mostly in the area southwest of Campbellton (fig. 10). These lignites, which are a continuation of the lignites in northern McMullen County, have been described by Maxwell (1962). 81

Fig. 58. Distribution of Yegua Formation in Angelina County. Area of principal lignite deposits ruled.

Maxwell (1962) gave logs of drill holes which indicate 8 to 13 feet of lignite along Metate Creek, 3 miles west of Campbellton, and noted that during exploratory drilling prior to construction of Farm Road 140 bridge at Metate Creek, 12 feet of lignite was encountered between depths of 20 and 30 feet.

Southwest of Metate Creek, along La Parita Creek, Maxwell (1962) reported 18 drill holes that showed lignite seams 0.4 to 5.6 feet thick (average 2 feet) at depths of 20 to 85 feet (average 35 feet). There are no published analyses of Yegua lignites from Atascosa County, but they are probably similar in quality to Yegua lignites in adjacent northeastern McMullen County.

Houston Countyo --One of the few areas in Texas where lignites of the Yegua Formation are of known commercial quality and thickness is Houston County. These rocks crop out in a belt extending along the southern margin of the county (fig. 59), where lignites are numerous in outcrops along the Trinity River and smaller streams, and in shallow water wells. Lignite beds range in thickness from 2 to 6 feet, averaging about 5 feet, and generally at depths of 30 to 60 feet. -82-

Fig. 59. General distribution of YeguaFormation inHouston County, Texas. Area of principal lignite deposits ruled.

Within the Yegua belt of rocks in Houston County, Dumble (1892) recog- nized two ifaain lignite fields --one in the southeastern part of the county in the area just east of Piney Creek and representing a continuationof the lignites in Trinity County to the south, and another in the southwestern part of the county. Lignites of the southwesternfieldare exposed at Hydes Bluff and Westmoreland Bluff on the Trinity River (fig. 60). Dumble reported, from outcrops, lignite thicknesses of 4 to 6 feet in the southeastern field and 2 to 6 feet in the southwestern field. 83

Fig. 60. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed at Hydes Bluff, east bank of TrinityRiver, west-northwest of Weldon, southwesternHouston County, Texas.

Fig. 61. Lignite seam mined by Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Wooters Station, 3 miles north of Lovelady, Houston County, Texas. 84-

HoustonCounty lignites were mined at Wooters, a railroad siding 3 miles northof Lovelady, from about 1901 to 1930. During most of this time the mines were operated by the Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company. The mined seam of lignite was 5 to 5.7 feet thick (fig. 61) and was reached by a 35-foot shaft. Mining operations were describedbriefly by Phillips (1902, pp. 11. 14).

Analyses of lignites from Houston County are given in Appendix A.

McMullen County. --Lignites in McMullen County occur in the northern and northeastern parts of the county primarily in the Yegua Formation; a few lignites are present in the Jackson Group of that area (fig. 62). Maxwell (1962) summarized the occurrence of lignite in McMullen County and reported thickness, quality, and distribution of Yegua lignites along San Miguel Creek in the

Fig. 62. General distribution ofYegua lignite deposits in McMullenCounty, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. 85

general vicinity of the crossing of State Highway 173» From outcrops along San Miguel Creek, Maxwell reported 7 to 7.5 feet of lignite with less than 20 feet of overburden. Four seams, varying in thickness from 10 to 25 inches each, are separated by partings of shale or clay less than 1 foot thick (fig. 63).

Maxwell (1962) reported information from 50 drill holes in the vicinity of the outcrops on San Miguel Creek which indicate lignite sequences 0.5 to 18 feet thick and averaging about 8 feet; tops of these lignite beds occur at depths ranging from 16 to 144 feet. Analyses of lignites both from outcrops and wells in the vicinity of San Miguel Creek are given in Appendix A. These lignites are of fair quality but are characterized by a high content of ash.

In recent months lignite has been mined by open pit along San Miguel Creek by Valley Industries, Inc. The product reportedly is used as a drilling mud additive.

Lignites ofunknown qualityare reported (Maxwell, 1962) at shallow depths in areas east, southeast, and northeast of exposures along San Miguel Creek.

Miscellaneous Yegua lignites. --Deposits of lignite that may prove of economic importance areknownfrom the Yegua Formation inBrazos, Burleson, Fayette, La Salle, Madison, Nacogdoches, Trinity, and Walker counties. In northwestern Madison County, Dumble (1920, pp. 287-288) reported lignite seams with thicknesses of 2.5 to 4 feet and locally as much as 20 feet. At Black or Nebelt Shoals on the Brazos River in the southeastern part of Brazos

County, Kennedy (1893, p0 56) reported 12 to 14 feet of lignite, occurring at depths of 30 to 60 feet.

Jackson Lignites

Although lignites are common within the Jackson Group of Texas, they are generally too local, too thin, or too poor quality to be commercially significant. Jackson lignites generally are characterized by high ash content. Nevertheless, certain local deposits such as those in Fayette County may be economically important. Jackson lignites have been mined at Ledbetter in Fayette County, at Groveton in Trinity County, and, according to Perkins and Lonsdale (1955, p. 41), have also been mined in Washington County, just north of Ledbetter. Mostof the more important lignite deposits occur near the middle of the Jackson Group, or in the lower part of the Manning Formation where the Jackson Group is divided into formations. The generalbelt of Jackson lignites is shown in figure 1.

In addition to lignites of Fayette County, potentially significant deposits of lignite are present locally in Jackson rocks in Angelina, Grimes, Karnes, Lee, McMullen, Polk, SanAugustine, Trinity, Walker, andWashington counties. Several of these deposits have been described by Dumble (1920, pp. 289-291). 86

Fig. 63. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed along San Miguel Creek, northern McMullen County, Texas. 87

Fayette County. --Lignite deposits of the Manning Formation crop out in Fayette County in a belt extending from Ledbetter inthe north to Flatonia in the south (fig. 64). Most significant lignite deposits occur in two areas: (1) south of Ledbetter where shaft mines operated from 1905 to 1908 and (2) in an area extending from Colorado River about 4 miles northwest of La Grange to

Fig. 64. Generaldistribution of Manning lignites in Fayette County, Texas. Area of principal deposits ruled. vicinity of Muldoon where numerous outcrops of lignite occur in creeks and along the Colorado River. In the mines south of Ledbetter, two beds of lignite, 7 and 8 feet thick, were mined at depths of 55 and 95 feet (fig. 65). Lignite is exposed between Mantoon Bluff on the Colorado River and Muldoon, occurring in one to three beds that range in thickness from 3 to 12 feet, but up to 18 feet at Mantoon Bluff (fig. 66). A 12-foot seam, 12 feet below the surface in the vicinity of Lena, and an 8-foot seam, 22 feet below the surface 3 miles north of Flatonia, have been reported. Melcher Coal and Clay Company was located at O'Quinnbutapparentlydidnot minelignite in that area (Phillips and "Worrell, 1913, p. 202, footnote). As many as six seams of lignite, ranging in thickness from 1 to 3 feet, occur along O'Quinn Creek (fig. 67). -88-

Fig. 65. Log of shaft operated south of Ledbetter, along Texas and New Orleans (Southern Pacific) Railroad.

Lignites in the Manning Formation of Fayette County generally are poorer in quality than lignites of the Wilcox Group. Especially notable is the relatively

high content of ash in Fayette County lignites o

Outcrops of lignites in Fayette County, not described or illustrated in this report, are:

1. Pit, 1 mile northwest of Flatonia, southwest corner of C. F. Wright league; 4.5 feet of lignite; extends northeasterly for 1 mile; belt 75 to 100 feet wide (Sedlmayer, 1939, po 1).

2. Banks of EmersonCreek, southeast of Muldoon(Sedlmayer, 1939, p. 1).

3. Vicinity of Lena Switch on Texas and New Orleans Railroad (Southern Pacific); 12 feet of lignite, at depths of 10 to 12 feet; traced eastward to Colorado River (Sedlmayer, 1939, p. 1). 89

Fig. 66. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed at Mantoon Bluff, north bank of Colorado River, central part of bend opposite Rabb Prairie, Fayette County, Texas. -90-

4. Left tributary of Cedar Creek, near head of tributary, 0.9 mile northwest of Farm Road 609, at a point 2.8miles southwest of crossingof Farm Road 609 over O'Quinn Creek; 7 feet of lignite exposed; upper bed 3 feet thick (Dietrich and Lonsdale, 1958).

5. Right tributary of Buckners Creek, 0.5 mile upstream from crossing of Farm Road 609 over Buckners Creek; 3 feet of lignite exposed (Dietrich and Lonsdale, 1958).

6. Buckners Creek, 1 mile upstream from junction with O'Quinn Creek; 3 feet of lignite exposed (Dietrich and Lonsdale, 1958).

7. Left tributary of Buckners Creek, 0.8 mile downstream from crossing of county road from Plum to Farm Road 154, at a point 2.3 miles east of intersection of county road and Farm Road 1954; 3 feet of lignite exposed (Dietrich and Lonsdale, 1958).

The following analysis of gas distillate from Fayette Countylignite is recorded by Phillips and Worrell (1913, p. 202): Gas yield, cv. ft. /dry ton...... 6,435 Illuminants, %. „ ...... 2.2 Carbon monoxide, %....,.... 21.9 Hydrogen, %. o ...... 44.2 Methane, % ...... 19.7 Nitrogen, %...... 0 ..... 10.8 Specific gravity .492 Candle power ...... -1. B. t.u. /cu. ft. (calc. ) 458 Fig. 67. Diagrammatic section of lignite exposed in O'Quinn Creek, 0.2 mile north of unimproved road from Farm Road 609 to Buckners Creek, at a point 3.1 miles east of Farm Road 609 at O'Quinn community, Fayette County, Texas. 92

Mt. Selman Lignites

Commercial deposits of lignite are not common in the predominantly marine rocks of the Claiborne Group of Texas. The few deposits that are present are mostly from the Mt. Selman Formation of south Texas„

Atascosa County. --Lignites, apparently in the Mt0 Selman Formation, extend in a roughly east-westbelt across the northern part of Atascosa County (fig, 10)o Principal deposits of lignite are in the vicinity of Poteet where a 5-foot seam at depths of 30 to 125 feet was mined by Poteet Sand & Coal Com- pany, 1 mile south of Poteet. Seams of Mt. Selman lignite elsewhere in the county are thin, although published analyses of these lignites indicate that they are similar in quality to lignites formerly mined at Poteet.

Mt. Selman cannel coals. --Deposits of cannel coal are present in Webb and Dimmit counties in the upper part of the Mt. Selman Formation and in the Bigford Formation,, In Webb County where these coals formerly were mined, cannel coal occurs in two main seams, the San Pedro and Santo Tomas. Hori- zontal extent of these seams along strike is small, because northward from Webb County they split into several thin, lenticular seams, Cannel coals of south Texas have been discussed recently by Maxwell (1962). 93

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Appendix A. Analyses of Texas Lignites

Introduction

Analyses of Texas lignites are tabulated by county, with proximate and ultimate analyseslisted separately. Supplementary descriptions give (1) nature and source of sample, (2) locality, (3) thickness of seam, (4) previously desig- natedanalysis number, and (5) source of analysis. Abbreviations used to pref- ace certain test numbers are: B.E.G., Bureau of Economic Geology; 8.1. C., Bureau ofIndustrial Chemistry; T.M.S.,TexasMineralSurvey;and U.S. B.M., United States Bureau of Mines.

Figures are in percent of total weight of sample, except B. t. v. which are given as units per pound. Sulfur analyses are independent of other analyses.

Owing to varying degree of drying before testing, analyses reported on an "as-received" basis are least reliable in judging composition of lignite and should be considered accordingly. Outcrop samples and air-dried, mine samples generally are low inmoisture content. Samples taken from outcrop commonly are weathered, and analyses of these samples should be evaluated accordingly. The nature of each sample is given under "Description of Sam- ples." 105

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dr Basis

An-l 8.35 41.28 42.73 6.40 1.24

At-1 25.00 18.20 43.80 13.00 1.23 8105 24.27 58.40 17.33 1.64 10131 At-2 34.82 19.73 34.62 10.80 1.26 7860 26,50 58.90 14.60 1.73 10059 At-3 24.00 36.07 32.79 6.96 0.62 9002 47.46 43.38 9.14 0.82 11845 At-4 13.29 59.87 18.53 8.33 At-5 6.50 30.70 8.30 54.50 32»83 8.88 58.29 At-6 16.40 37.04 32.35 14.21 3.00 8599 44.30 36.70 17.00 3.71 10286

Ba-1 27.20 41.28 25.99 4.89 0.64 8114 Ba-2 35.40 36.88 21.22 6.50 0.94 7859 Ba-3 56.94 32.86 10.20 1.47 12166 Ba-4 37.26 31.85 24.81 6.08 0.57 6416 50.76 39.54 9.70 0.90 10226 Ba-5 24.50 38.02 30.54 6.94 0.64 8779 47.34 40.66 12.00 0.80 10930 Ba-6 10.00 47.00 24.09 18.91 1.80 8114 51.76 26.50 21.75 2.50 9036 Ba-7 24.10 32.60 32.30 11.00 1.10 8090 Ba-8 32.50 28.96 32.18 6.36 7325 42.90 47.68 9.42 10852

Be-1 23.64 43.15 23.15 9.70 2.03 8104 56.98 30.32 12.70 2.66 10613 Be-2 14.60 18.00 8.60 58.60

80-1 10.67 76.41 10.62 1.45 0.85 80-2 11.55 37.70 42.30 7.55 0.90 80-3 13.68 48.61 26.25 11.46 0.47 10362 55.20 29.84 14.96 0.54 11780

Cal-1 13.06 43.18 36.59 7.17 5.70 Cal-2 8.15 29.06 39.73 23.08 1.33

Cas-1 15.80 39.42 39.79 4.99

Cam-1 20.74 37.26 28.60 13.40 8416 47.01 36.09 16.90 10618

Fa-1 33.80 31.17 23.72 7.25 4.06 6688 49.28 32.90 17.82 1.34 9709 Fa-2 31.12 33.95 22.66 12.27 0.93 8416 33.83 16.78 49.39 5.84 8516 Fa-3 1.20 33.42 16.58 48.80 5.77 45.42 35.19 19.39 Fa-4 19.82 36.45 28.25 15.50 53.05 18.14 28.81 Fa-5 27.80 38.31 13.08 20.21 50.30 27.40 22.30 106

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis

0) v Sample B * U Ttf O CO 2 5J "H x Number o "rH TO CO S CO 2 to U < CO >2 h O < CQ

Fa-6 33.50 33.45 18.23 14.82 1.41 58.50 34.50 7.00 2.40 Fa- 7 39.00 35.69 21.05 4.28 56.52 32.48 11.00 11110 Fa-8 38.50 34.77 19.99 8.74 54.50 33.30 12.20 2.70 11222 Fa-9 46.30 Fa-10 46.00 49.04 41.22 9.74 Fa-11 31.26 23.24 19.80 25.70 6000 33.81 28.80 37.39 8722 Fa-12 31.50 29.94 28.56 11.00 7559 42.25 41.69 16.06 11035

Fr-1 26.90 33.80 29.40 9.90 1.65 7714 46.24" 40.22 13.54 2.25 10566 Fr-2 23.47 31.83 26.50 18.20 1.92 7481 41.59 34.62 23.79 2.51 9775 Fr-3 25.64 37.16 29.90 7.30 1.24 9195 49.97 40.21 9.82 1.66 12365 Fr-4 27.40 26.53 36.71 9.36 1.39 7977 36.54 50.56 12.90 1.92 10988 Fr-5 27.20 33.23 31.13 8.44 1.40 8056 45.64 42.76 11.60 1.92 11066 Fr-6 31.00 32.09 30.29 6.62 0.86 7560 46.50 43.90 9.60 1.24 10957 Fr-7 23.00 34.40 32.59 10.01 0.95 7903 44.68 42.32 13.00 1.24 10264

Ha-1 14.85 38.52 39.60 6.18 0.85 Ha-2 13.35 42.82 35.67 7.00 1.16 Ha-3 16.40 35.95 44.75 2.30 0.60 Ha-4 10.05 33.31 35.86 18.70 2.08 Ha-5 9.50 41.25 38.90 8.35 2.00 Ha-6 44»20 45.10 10.70 1.00 11200 Ha-7 33.50 30.90 29.70 5.90 0.60 7610 46.40 44.70 8.90 0.90 11440 Ha-7a 21.00 36.70 35.30 7.00 0.70 9040 Ha-7b 51.00 49.00 1.00 12550 Ha-8 33.60 28.90 29.70 7.80 0.50 7380 43.50 44.70 11.80 0.80 11120 Ha-8a 18.30 35.50 36.60 9.60 0.70 9090 Ha-8b 49.30 50.70 0.90 12610 Ha-9 35.80 28.80 28.00 7.40 0.50 7210 44.90 43.50 11.60 0.80 11230 Ha-9a 22.10 35.00 33.90 9.00 0.60 8750 Ha-9b 50.80 49.20 0.90 12700 Ha-10 33.80 28.10 28.80 9.30 0.80 7300 42.40 43.60 14.00 1.20 11030 Ha-10a 20.10 33.90 34.80 11.20 0.90 8820 Ha-lOb 49.30 50.70 1.40 12830 Ha-11 33.20 30.90 28.60 7.30 0.50 7800 46.30 42.80 10.90 0.80 11690 Ha- lla 18.20 37.90 35.00 8.90 0.70 9560 Ha-lib 51.90 48.10 0.90 13110 He-1 25.00 34.47 33.25 7.28 He-2 25.00 33.59 33.39 8.02 107

Proximate Analyses

As -Received Basis Dry Basis

U a B d v 6 6 Sample M "H ar— l Number 0 .3 8 CO 3 "h rt CO 2 < CO k U 4 CO

He-3 22.50 54.70 36.30 9.00 0.07 10600 He-4 16.50 39.00 31.30 13.20 1.69 8338 46.71 37.48 15.81 2.02 9986 He-5 12.60 40.20 26.40 20.80 2.27 8338 46.00 30.21 23.79 2.59 9540 He-6 30.60 30.90 30.42 8.00 1.23 7793 44.64 43.83 11.53 1.77 11229 He-7 25.00 36.81 29.89 8.30 0.70 7950 He-8 24.14 39.49 19.83 16.54 1.08 7578 He-9 6.80 50.65 37.00 5.55 0.52 He-10 5.70 57.45 29.85 7.00 0.87

Hop-1 33.87 45.88 3.41 16.84 0.68 6474 69.39 5.16 25.45 1.04 9790 Hop-2 34.00 39.50 49.38 11.12 1.01 11680 Hop-3 36.64 28.33 27.02 8.01 0.41 6717 Hop-4 44.70 42.63 12.67 0.64 10600 Hop-5 27.50 35.20 27.30 10.00 0.73 7040 Hop-6 48.54 37.65 13.81 1.00 9709 Hop-7 10.20 39.92 44.13 5.75 Hop-8 22.92 50.28 21.66 5.14 Hop-9 23.10 29.96 30.50 16.40 1.38 7481 38.96 39.67 21.37 1.80 9728 Hop-10 17.80 40.10 38.30 21.60 1.26 9967

Hou-1 32.58 37.02 19.56 10.84 0.56 Hou-la 21.25 43.25 22.85 12.65 0.65 Hou-2 33.50 39.50 16.25 10.75 0.56 7142 Hou-2a 20.55 47.20 19.41 12.84 0.67 8534 Hou-3 34.70 32.23 21.87 11.20 0.79 7056 Hou-3a 13.40 42.75 29.00 14.85 1.04 9358 Hou-4 54.91 29.01 16.08 0.83 Hou-5 59.40 24.43 16.17 0.84 10741 Hou-6 49.36 33.49 17.15 1.21 10805 Hou-7 33.50 32.34 23.80 10.36 0.63 7267 10928 Hou-8 25.58 39.37 25.30 9.75 0.60 7532 Hou-9 52.90 33.99 13.11 0.80 10120 Hou-10 28.16 43.60 21.02 6.64 0.58 7326 Hou-11 31.45 30.80 25.60 12.75 6410 Hou-12 12.88 47.57 29.40 10.15 Hou-13 30.95 32.84 27.64 8.57 1.43 7855 Hou-14 36.16 33.16 19.93 10.75 0.40 7518 51.95 31.26 16.79 0.64 10994 Hou-15 41.50 28.90 23.17 6.42 1.38 6605 49.90 39.60 11.00 2.37 11291 Hou-16 13.10 41.65 36.80 7.55 0.90 Hou-17 4.90 40.73 20.93 32.90 0.54 Hou-18 11.80 36.06 32.56 16.70 0.88 108

Proximate Analyses As-Received Basis Dry Basis

v Sample * v 3 CO 2 "H "4-» Number 8 0) r— l O "H TO£ 03 "*2 .a s S3 fa U < fa U <

Hou-19 4.52 32.91 22.01 40.03 0.48 Hou-20 7.75 40.65 30.95 19.75 0.90 Hou-21 30.70 29.04 29.66 10.60 6936 41.90 42.80 15.30 10009

Lee-1 12.60 44.75 33= 90 8.75 0.63 9774 51.20 38.78 10.02 0.72 11182 Lee-2 16.50 36.07 37.17 8.60 1.66 Lee 3 16.00 53.54 37.16 9.30

Leo-1 29.96 41.68 22.24 6.12 0.70 6903 59.50 31.75 8.75 1.00 Leo-2 23.11 39.84 29.39 6.78 0.88 8336 Leo-3 1.80 62.22 22.78 17.00 Leo-4 12,80 56.06 34.94 9.00 Leo-5 2.60 62.32 27.58 11.10 Leo-6 20.00 58.62 33.68 7.70 1.46 11020 Leo-7 27.00 37.91 27.80 7.21 0.44 7308 51.93 38.07 10.00 0.60 11380 Leo-8 15.71 45.20 46.30 8.50 Leo-9 28.20 34.77 24.72 12.31 1.02 7805 44.38 39.28 15.84 1.31 10006 Leo-10 33.00 28.90 29.40 9.70 0.98 8027 43.13 42.39 14.48 1.48 11980 Leo-11 33.00 27.84 30.26 9.00 0.88 8057 41.40 45.16 13.44 1.48 12026 Leo-12 31.50 27.60 34.20 6.70 0.82 8360 40.29 49.38 9.78 1.20 12058 Leo- 13 26.50 28.96 28.81 15.73 1.11 6528 39.40 39.20 21.40 1.51 Leo-14 19.80 35.74 35.00 9.46 0.90 8494 44.57 43.64 11.80 1.12 10598 Leo-15 23.04 33.72 35.20 8.04 1.29 8697 43.82 45.74 10.44 1.68 11275 Leo-16 27.80 31.80 31.70 8.70 1.19 8808 44.04 43.91 12.05 1.65 12196 Leo-17 25.80 33.39 31.91 8.90 1.04 8146 45.00 43.00 12.00 1.40 10980 Leo-18 24.60 32.60 32.70 10.10 0.62 7760 43.24 43.36 13.40 0.82 11221 Leo-19 34.80 29.28 30.25 5.67 1.55 7519 44.90 46.40 8.70 0.84 11533 Leo-20 30.80 30.24 31.76 7.20 0.82 7496 43.70 45.90 10.40 1.12 10832 Leo-21 30.20 28.04 30.18 11.58 7538 40.17 43.24 16.59 10800 Leo-22 27.30 31.28 30.92 10.50 7403 43.02 42.54 14.44 2.71 8980 Leo-23 27.10 30.70 28.80 13.40 6546 42.11 39.51 18.38 1.65 12196

Li-1 9.00 34.62 43.84 12.54 1.41 7658 38.04 48.18 13.78 1.54 8416 Li-2 12.00 42.00 32.00 13.00

Mcm-1 12.05 43.62 14.73 29.60 1.71 6652 49.60 16.75 33.65 1.95 7563 Mem-2 16.13 41.09 29.88 12.90 1.89 8403 48.99 35.63 15.38 2.25 10019 Mem-3 16.55 40.89 27.20 15.36 1.85 8350 49.00 32.59 18.41 2.22 10006 Mcm-4 15.07 41,59 27.33 16.01 1.28 8665 48.99 32.17 18.84 1.56 10203 Mem-5 20.87 41.55 21.48 16.10 1.84 7700 52.61 27.15 20.34 2.32 9731 109

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis

4) (D B 3 o 14 2 Sample 08 2 -r-4 0 r3 i Number O CO I— l i— :2s CO CO

Mcm-6 14.14 43.06 28.93 13.87 2.67 8836 50.15 33.69 16.16 3.10 10291 Mcin-7 10.60 43.72 18.29 27.19 1.23 6610 49.03 20.50 30.47 1.38 7410 Mcm-8 10.84 41.79 27.63 19.74 1.77 7860 46.87 30.99 22.14 1.99 8816 Mcm-9 10.06 37.97 7.11 44.86 0.80 5010 42.22 7.91 49.87 0.89 5570 Mcm-10 8.00 28.50 18.10 45.40 2.20 5610 31.00 19.70 49.30 2.40 6100 Mem- 11 7.50 21.10 17.00 48.40 2.50 5250 29.20 18.50 52.30 2.70 6570 Mcm-12 9.00 27.60 19.70 43.20 2.00 5590 30.50 21.70 47.80 2.20 6170 Mcm-13 10.00 31.60 23.70 34.70 0.80 6720 35.10 26.40 8.50 0.80 7470 Mcm-14 6.40 27.60 18.50 47.50 2.40 5510 29.40 19.90 50.70 2.60 5890 Mcm-15 10.50 33.00 25.50 31.00 1.10 7300 36.90 28.50 34.60 1.20 8160 Mcm-16 8.20 30.10 22.70 39.00 2.30 6430 32.70 24.80 42.50 2.50 7010 Mcm-17 8.50 31.10 22.90 37.50 0.90 6630 34.00 25.10 40.90 1.00 7240

Me-1 35.30 36.33 28.85 7.52 0.93 56.15 32.24 11.61 1.45 12215 Me-2 31.67 24.81 26.49 17.03 3.55 Me-3 32.92 27.42 27.08 12.58 1.46 6840 Me-4 27.39 35.07 28.16 9.38 0.88 7485 Me-5 24.36 33.89 25.64 16.11 0.74 7068 44.80 33.89 21.31 0.97 Me-6 32.92 27.42 27.08 12.58 1.46 6840 40.88 40.37 18.75 2.18 10197 Me=7 30.77 27.36 28.39 13.48 1.62 7079 Me-8 28.00 27.50 32.30 12.20 1.60 7580 Me-9 31.67 24.81 26.49 17.03 3.55 Me-10 34.39 40.31 18.50 6.90 1.20 7536 61.36 28.17 10.47 1.84 11470 Me-11 28.34 41.49 21.63 8.54 0.87 7846 Me-12 34.29 42.68 24.77 10.15 0.55 8156 55.00 31.91 13.09 1.33 10510

Mi-1 29.94 39.03 21.09 9.94 0.55 6291 55.70 30.09 14.31 0.78 8979 Mi-2 7.30 45.62 36.65 10.43 0.45 10411 49.21 39.53 11.26 0.51 11230 Mi-3 24.20 36.28 30.62 8.90 1.14 7684 47.87 40.39 11.74 Mi-4 32.00 29.77 29.20 9.03 1.24 7842 43.78 42.94 13.28 1.65 11533 Mi-5 29.07 28.96 24.47 17.60 3.29 7439 40.84 34.49 24.67 4.65 10489 Mi-6 31.52 44.49 17.48 6.51 0.93 8046 64.98 25.57 9.45 1.36 11750 Mi-7 35.86 25.50 29.72 7.92 0.87 41.32 46.34 12.34 1.36 Mi-8 35.30 26.22 29.58 8.90 0.76 6898 Mi-9 34.72 34.26 22.73 8.29 1.04 7697 54.02 34.82 11.16 1.60 11792 Mi-10 28.20 45.78 39.15 15.07 Mi-11 32.27 44.30 15.26 8.17 2.31 7383 65.41 22.54 12.05 3.42 10901 Mi-12 33.63 46.78 7.45 12.14 0.99 7359 70.49 11.24 18.27 1.50 11088 -110-

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis v pi r— l "H Sample ■M CO 2 "r-l +J Number t— l 0 0 <$ "h re CO O CO h O < PQ > a

Mi-13 36.01 27.95 28.66 7.38 0.77 7132 43.68 44.79 11.53 1.20 11146 Mi-14 31.06 27.67 33.39 7.88 0.99 7870 40.14 48.43 11.43 1.43 11416 Mi-15 35.56 .28.91 27.49 8.04 0.75 7870 44.86 42.66 12.48 1.16 Mi-16 32.20 30.11 28.82 8.87 0.88 Mi-17 12.62 37.91 36.21 13.26 0.48 9525 43.38 41.43 15.19 0.54 10900 Mi-18 30.20 33.23 28.84 7.73 0.69 6920 47.60 41.31 11.09 0.98 10030 Mi-19 30.34 34.14 30.66 4.86 0.61 6797 49.00 44.00 7.00 0.87 9957 Mi-20 24.20 33.40 32.30 10.10 1.00 8310 44.00 42.60 13.40 1.30 10960 Mi-20a 11.00 39.20 37.90 11.90 1.20 9750 Mi-20b 50.80 49.20 1.50 12640 Mi-21 33.20 29.30 29.80 7.70 1.30 7550 43.90 44.60 11.50 2.00 11240 Mi-21a 15.30 37.20 37.80 9.70 1.70 9530 Mi-21b 49.60 50.40 2.30 12700 Mi-22 32.00 29.60 31.10 7.30 0.90 7640 43.90 44.60 11.50 2.00 11240 Mi-22a 15.30 37.20 37.80 9.70 1.70 9530 Mi-22b 48.90 51.10 1.50 12600 Mi-23 31.90 29.30 27.90 10.90 1.70 7150 42.90 41.10 16.00 2.50 10490 Mi-23a 14.90 36.60 34.90 13.60 2.20 8930 Mi-23b 51.10 48.90 3.00 12490 Mi-24 20.64 36.24 32.64 10.48 0.70 8262 45.66 41.12 13.22 0.80 10410 Mi-25 29.60 31.50 30.24 8.66 1.00 7593 44.74 42.96 12.30 1.37 10785 Mi-26 16.73 36.09 35.36 11.18 1.26 8695 43.34 42.46 14.20 1.51 10442 Mi-27 13.41 37.03 39.43 10.13 1.36 9582 42.76 45.54 11.70 1.5-7 11066 Mi-28 29.83 35.46 27.03 7.98 0.88 50.50 38.50 11.00 1.25 Mi-29 32.12 34.30 26.61 6.97 0.82 6690 50.52 39.20 10.28 1.20 Mi-30 32.97 37.09 22.91 7.21 1.18 11551 Mi-31 27.30 27.40 33.55 11.10 0.65 40.33 42.93 15.93 0.80

Mo-1 4.45 52.05 15.15 28.35 Mo-2 8.55 41.24 40.89 7.10 2.22

Pa-1 20.80 52.08 22.67 3.98 0.48 Pa-2 30.24 30.22 32.68 6.89 3.73 8494 43.32 46.82 9.87 5.38 12176

Ra-1 10.78 40.35 36.45 11.45 1.00 Ra-2 9.50 38.70 36.75 14.15 0.90

Ro-1 29.86 51.00 10.00 9.14 0.91 7929 72.72 14.26 13.02 1.30 11305 Ro-2 25.64 35.55 30.28 8.53 Q.% 7459 47.80 40.71 11.49 1.29 10030 Ro-3 19.42 43.12 29.46 7.08 0.92 7695 Ro-4 34.32 25.94 30.93 8.80 0.95 7214 39.50 47.10 13.40 1.45 10985 Ro-5 29.62 27.60 29.37 13.41 0.98 7040 111

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis

M Pi 2 2 ntf O v Sample « Number o "h d CO 3 a > a < CO

Ro-6 23.50 29.07 35.74 11.69 0.82 8089 Ro-7 24.01 29.75 37.74 11.50 0.91 8021 Ro-8 33.50 26.06 30.38 10.06 0.97 39.19 45.68 15.13 1.46 Ro-9 30.60 30.19 34.07 5.14 0.86 8938 43.50 49.10 7.40 1.13 11674 Ro-10 25.80 34.40 31.20 8.60 1.24 8416 Ro-lOa 20.34 36.76 31.70 11.20 1.24 9118 Ro-lOb 21.20 32.80 32.10 13.90 1.37 8806 Ro-lOc 18.90 35.52 30.18 15.40 1.37 8775 Ro-lOd 16.50 31.50 24.90 27.10 1.37 7995 Ro-11 24.20 34.40 30.90 10.50 1.24 8884 Ro-lla 26.90 32.00 32.80 8.30 1.24 8962 Ro-llb 20.70 33.10 29.60 16.60 1.£4 8572 Ro-llc 20.10 31.60 31.90 16.40 1.24 9507 Ro-lld 18.30 29.40 25.90 26.40 1.37 7949 Ro-12 10.30 38.70 37.60 13.40 1.24 102Q9 Ro-12a 14.30 39.10 36.10 10.50 1.37 10162 Ro-12b 15.10 37.30 35.80 11.80 1.37 9694 Ro-12c 10.90 35.50 35.30 18.30 1.37 9663 Ro-12d 12.54 31.36 29.50 26.60 1.37 8650 Ro-13 29.80 35.54 29.69 5.97 0.77 8129 49.20 42.30 8.50 1.10 11580 Ro-14 31.10 34.02 27.88 7.10 0.65 8500 44.55 45.15 10.30 0.85 11140 Ro-15 29.40 32.12 33.89 4.59 0.73 8110 45.50 48.00 6.50 1.04 11487 Ro-15a 29.40 29.51 32.01 9.08 1.29 41.80 45.34 12.86 1.29 10536 Ro-16 35.60 32.24 27.46 4.70 50.06 42.74 7.30 1.19 11455 Ro-17 31.40 29.36 31.25 7.99 42.80 45.57 11.64 1.16 11019 Ru-1 16.83 46.33 31.74 5.37 1.09 Ru-2 7.15 45.86 40.56 4.95 1.48 Ru-3 16.55 43.90 25040 14.15 0.08 Ru-4 13.51 45.36 32.44 8.69 0.88 Ru-5 15.70 4.11 79.14 1.06 Ru-6 11.50 43.90 38.04 6.56 2.22 11221 49.60 42.90 7.41 2.51 12680

Sh-1 31.96 39.53 23.05 5.46 1.46 8053 58.10 33.89 8.05 2.16 11837 Sh-2 18.26 43.51 29.53 8.70 2.46

Sm-1 14.23 43.07 30.82 10.62 1.26 Sm-2 9.83 32.45 16.10 40.22 1.70 Sm-3 11.70 43.57 27.76 16.38 0.59 Sm-4 3.80 26.85 11.80 57.55 112

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis

v 93 a) Sample t g v 09 +-> 6 Number "H re 1 >O srt ♥r-t CO

Sm-5 11.40 40.90 35.50 14.20 Sm-6 14.45 38,82 35,18 11.55 0.93 Sm-7 28.00 24.20 14.42 61.38 2.40 5220 Sm-8 21.50 65.50

Ti-1 31.24 40.29 21.07 7.40 0.73 6727 58.60 30.64 10.76 1.05 9782 Ti-2 34.50 29.96 29.04 6.50 1.28 7403 45.74 44.34 9.92 1.95 11298

Va-1 27.20 40.90 27.09 4.81 0.48 7682 56.18 37.20 6.62 0.65 10540 Va-2 28.70 43.90 42.50 13.60

Wo-1 29.28 34.02 29.04 6.66 0.57 7238 48.10 41.05 10.85 0.80 10220 Wo-2 15.00 43.61 32.71 8.68 0.94 8789 51.30 38.48 10.22 1.10 10340 Wo-3 25.80 36.55 24.67 12.98 0.61 8095 Wo-4 28.86 35.96 27.26 7.92 0.50 7996 50.55 38.32 11.13 0.70 11239 Wo-5 31.34 41.18 18.98 8.50 0.57 59.98 27.64 12.38 0.83 Wo-6 33.71 29.25 29.76 7.28 0.53 7348 44.12 44.89 10.99 0.80 11086 Wo-7 33.98 31.01 27.33 7.68 0,56 46.97 41.40 11.63 0.84 Wo -8 36.80 28.86 28.09 6.25 0.53 7101 45.66 44.45 9.89 0.84 11236 Wo-9 34.87 29.80 27.69 7.64 0.50 45.75 42.52 11.63 0.77 Wo-10 33.85 27.50 31.35 7.30 0.51 7497 41.57 47.39 11.04 0.77 11333 Wo- 11 36.27 30.58 25.14 8.01 0.51 Wo-12 36.30 30.61 24.90 8.19 0.50 Wo-13 33.43 37.80 18.17 10.60 0.68 Wo-14 34.08 33.15 25.32 7.45 0.49 Wo-15 33.83 38.83 21.90 4.84 0.60 6158 Wo- 16 29.20 36.92 27.02 6.86 0.58 7442 52.14 38.22 9.64 0.81 10510 Wo- 17 10.80 41.20 38.92 9.08 0.61 9670 46.18 43.63 10.20 0.68 10840 Wo-18 24.10 36.48 31.92 7.50 1.00 7882 Wo-19 33.46 31.51 27.44 7.59 0.61 8257 Wo-20 33.14 30.81 27.39 8.66 0.65 7038 Wo-21 32,79 29.51 28.94 8.76 0.85 7437 Wo-22 26.59 30.85 32.71 9.90 0.68 7728 42.00 44.52 13.48 0.92 10520 Wo«23 24.95 32.21 32.06 10.78 0.70 7785 42.92 42.72 14.36 0.95 10598 Wo-24 25.85 35.58 31.30 7.27 0.54 7974 47.99 42.21 9.80 0.73 10754 Wo -25 27.51 33.42 28.12 10.95 0.62 7739 46.10 38.80 15.10 0.85 10676 Wo-26 27.67 32.02 31.06 9.25 0.71 7710 Wo-27 27.48 32.24 33.01 7.27 0.69 8004 Wo-28 27.03 33.41 30.25 9.31 0.79 7813 Wo-29 26.00 32.41 29.63 11.96 0.85 7538 Wo-30 28.45 33.15 30.56 7.84 0.74 7706 Wo-31 27.27 34.44 28.69 9.60 0.79 7809 113

Proximate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis

v 0) +■» v ■+3 a) * Sample 08 6 2 3 "H ,4 Number O 43 I 44 o 09 n o ,2 -r-l TO ■a s to v < to to U CO

Wo-32 28.28 31.61 27.16 12.95 0.83 7246 Wo-33 24.50 31.30 38.00 6.20 0.98 7996 Wo-34 28.86 35.96 27.26 7.92 0.50 7996 Wo-35 31.34 41.18 18.96 8.50 0.57 Wo-36 33.71 29.25 29.76 7.28 0.53 7348 Wo-37 33.98 31.01 27.33 7.68 0.56 Wo-38 36.80 28.86 28.09 6.25 0.53 7101 Wo-39 34.87 29.80 27.69 7.64 0.50 Wo-40 33.85 27.50 31.35 7.30 0.51 7497 Wo-41 24.80 32.20 29.20 13.80 1.10 8105 42.83 38.83 18.34 1.46 10780 Wo-42 22.30 33.80 24.60 19.30 1.37 8213 43.50 31.66 24.84 1.76 10570 Wo-43 19.90 33.36 30.04 16.50 1.24 8385 41.90 37.50 20.60 1.54 10470 Wo-44 19.70 34.06 29.94 16.30 1.64 8260 42.41 37.29 20.30 2.04 10290 Wo-45 16.60 29.90 28.50 25.00 1.33 7278 35.85 34.16 29.99 1.81 8727 Wo-46 23.36 30.14 31.40 15.10 1.24 8027 26.94 30.66 30.30 Wo-46a 26.94 30.66 30.30 12.10 1.85 8260 Wo-46b 27.56 30.94 29.60 11.90 1.78 8027 Wo-46c 27.70 30.50 29.30 12.50 1.85 7559 Wo-46d 22.40 29.50 28.80 19.30 1.58 7247 Wo-47 21.40 35.66 31.44 11.50 1.10 8572 Wo-47a 22.60 32.20 30.70 14.50 1.03 8104 Wo-47b 26.70 32.10 28.90 12.30 1.35 7824 Wo-47c 23.12 33.64 29.04 14.20 1.35 7948 Wo-47d 22.50 31.24 29.36 16.90 1.20 7637 Wo-48 23.46 33.60 32.64 10.30 1.10 8343 Wo-49 16.60 35.60 34.00 13.80 0.96 8837 Wo-v49a 17.46 38.44 28.50 15.60 1.24 8198 Wo-49b 19.70 34.00 33.00 13.30 1.10 8650 Wo-49c 20.76 32.64 31.20 15.40 1.24 8182 Wo-49d 16.26 32.64 32.00 19.10 1.37 8214 Wo-50 18.90 35.40 35.20 10.50 0.96 9118 Wo-50a 20.50 34.36 33.74 11.40 1.24 8712 Wo -50b 16.90 35.60 35.95 11.60 1.24 9090 Wo-50c 14.10 36.50 36.60 12.80 1.24 9585 Wo-50d 12.14 34.06 34.70 19.10 1.24 8775 Wo-51 35.60 45.21 11.60 7.59 0.47 7567 70.21 18.02 11.77 0.73 11751 Wo-52 34.23 41.74 19.85 4.87 0.56 7691 63.47 30.19 6.34 0.86 11694 Wo-53 29.20 52.14 38.22 9.64 0.81 10510 Wo-54 27.00 35.90 28.70 8.40 1.92 7512 49.18 39.31 11.51 2.63 10290 Wo-55 12.00 38.94 39.78 8.55 0.73 114

Proximate Analyses As-Received Basis Dry Basis

0) pv pi Sample o 2 CO « -s Number O en ■3 o 4S "H TO CO 2 £3 S o < 1to

Za-1 8.37 25.93 36.40 29.30 1.68 8104 28.30 30.72 31.98 1.83 8844 Za-2 6.11 37.30 40.99 15.50 1.97 11231 Za-3 15.32 53.00 11.05 3.02 11530 Za-4 7.48 28.99 11.64 51.99 0.30 3299 31.20 12.60 56.20 0.32 3566 Za-5 7.99 35.56 24.39 32.06 0.68 6855 38.65 26.51 34.84 0.74 7550 115

Ultimate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis Air-dried Basis

CD ft a V ft o o o o o O bO 4) Sample U O 00 H o 00 o U U v v Number "H v X 8 v g 8 o g O

An-2 53.06 4.06

Ba-2 42.24 3.13 1.00 10.67 Ba-3 65.40 4.85 1.56 16.52 Ba-4 38.10 3.16 1.09 13.74 60.72 5.03 1.73 21.92

80-2 53.49 4.45 1.74 24.82

Fa-2 56.67 4.70 1.33 18.14 Fa-9 59.82 5.44 1.58 18.26

Ha-6 63.90 3.60 1.00 19.80 Ha-8 44.10 6.60 0.90 40.10 66.40 4.40 1.30 15.30 Ha-8a 54.30 5.60 1.10 28.70 Ha-8b 75.30 5.00 1.50 17.30 Ha-9 42.50 6.80 0.80 42.00 66.20 4.30 1.20 15.90 Ha-9a 51.60 5.80 1.00 32.00 Ha-9b 74.90 4.90 1.40 17.90 Ha-10 43.20 6.60 0.80 39.30 65.30 4.30 1.30 13.90 Ha-10a 52.20 5.60 1.00 29.10 Ha-10b 75.90 4.90 1.50 16.30 Ha-11 45.10 6.90 0.90 39.30 67.50 4.90 1.30 14.60 Ha-lla 53.30 6.00 1.10 28.00 Ha-lib 75.80 5.50 1.50 16.30

Hop-1 34.05 2.3Q 1.09 11.15 51.50 3.49 1.65 16.87 Hop-2 62.59 4.84 2.32 18.12 Hop-3 36.16 2.79 0.97 15.02 Hop-4 57.06 4.40 1.53 23.70 Hop-5 43.70 3.12 0.73 14.48 Hop-6 59.58 4.29 1.33 19.99

Hou-3a 52.06 5.57 0.95 25.53 Hou-6 60.11 4.70 1.10 15.73 Hou-8 42.57 3.99 1.39 16.12 Hou-9 57.20 5.36 1.86 21.67 Hou-14 34.93 3.17 0.89 13.69 54.73 4.98 1.40 21.46 -116-

Ultimate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis Air-dried Basis

0) a; a > "2 U ti X a) a S o U g O U g o

Lee-1 64.20 4.56 1.20 19.30 56.34 3.99 1.05 16.64

Leo-1 44.01 2.88 1.57 14.76 62.77 4.10 2.23 21.14

Me-1 41.36 3.07 1.04 10.76 63.93 4.75 1.62 16.64 Me-5 42.13 3.60 1.30 11.76 55.69 4.75 1.71 15.57 Me-7 57.58 4.20 1.04 15.37 Me-10 40.01 3.37 1.39 12.84 60.89 5.13 2.12 19.55 Me-12 45.34 3.85 1.71 16.00 58.42 4.96 2.20 20.00

Mi-1 37.70 2.93 1.46 17.48 53.80 4.18 2.08 24.95 Mi-2 63.40 4.78 2.35 17.76 58.78 4.43 2.18 16.37 Mi-5 38.65 2.73 1.40 7.32 54.51 3.86 1.98 10.33 Mi-6 41.15 3.36 0.86 14.68 60.10 4.91 1.27 22.91 Mi-9 41.93 3.12 0.85 11.03 64.24 4.79 1.31 16.90 Mi-11 38.56 2.85 0.96 14,85 56.94 4.22 1.43 21.94 Mi-12 38.78 2.70 0.86 10.89 58.44 4.07 1.30 16.42 Mi-14 44.70 6.53 0.90 39.00 64.84 4.46 1.31 16.53 Mi-17 57.42 4.03 2.34 20.48 50.18 3.53 2.05 17.90 Mi-18 42.72 2.84 1.46 14.36 61.20 4.06 2.09 20.58 Mi-19 42.10 3.33 1.20 17.56 60.47 4.78 1.70 25.20 Mi-24 46.70 3.54 1.99 15.95 58.81 4.46 2.50 20.21 Mi-28 1.78 2.53 Mi-29 40.16 2.60 1.76 15.57 59.16 3.82 2.58 22.96

Ro-1 43.17 3.29 0.83 12.78 61.56 4.70 1.19 18.23 Ro-2 43.00 3.45 1.25 17.17 57.82 4.63 1.68 23.09 Ro-5 57.21 4.45 0.98 16.92

Sh-1 64.45 4.89 1.26 19.19 Ti-1 39.73 3.23 1.37 16.30 57.77 4.70 1.98 23.74

Va-1 44.72 3.73 1.14 17.92 61.42 5.12 1.56 24.63

Wo-1 39.61 3.08 1.09 19.71 56.00 4.35 1.54 26.48 Wo-2 49.47 3.58 1.38 20.95 58.20 4.21 1.62 24.65 Wo -4 0.80 1.12 Wo-6 42.52 6.79 0.79 42.09 64.14 4.60 1.19 18.28 Wo-10 43.12 6.68 0.71 41.68 65.18 4.41 1.07 17.53 117

Ultimate Analyses

As-Received Basis Dry Basis ftir-driedBasis d 4) bo d d bo 0 Sample o o bO o o o o a> v O M O "g 0 Number v *■*v a ttj fit g I o g I v s. o U O Wo-11 64.02 4.33 1.05 17.23 Wo-12 63.83 4.32 1.05 17.15 Wo-13 63.72 4.31 1.05 17.14 Wo-16 43.29 3.37 1.21 15.49 61.14 4.75 1.71 21.95 Wo-17 54.70 3.15 2.14 29.13 48.80 2.81 1.91 25.99 Wo-51 40.06 2.91 1.41 12.01 62.12 4.52 2.20 18.66 Wo-52 42.27 2.87 1.05 14.83 64.27 4.37 1.61 22.55 118

Description of Samples

Anderson County

An-1. Outcrop sample, submitted by W. D. Cleveland & Company; Caddo Creek, about 17 miles northeast of Palestine, Alfred Benge survey; seam, 2 feet thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 197.

An-2. Unspecified sample; no. 9, Dumble, 1892, p. 213.

Atascosa County

At-1. Mine sample, submitted by Poteet Sand and Coal Company; 1 mile south of Poteet; sample partly air-dried; B.E.G. no. 599; no. 1241, Schoch, 1918, pp. 76, 189.

At-2. Mine sample, submitted by Poteet Sand and Coal Company; 1 mile south of Poteet; B.E.G. no. 600; no. 1242, Schoch, 1918, pp. 76, 189.

At-3. Outcrop sample, submitted by J. A. Burger, San Antonio; ranch near Poteet; seam, 4 to 5 feet thick, overburden, 30 to 40 feet; B.E.G. no. 936; no. 1243, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

At-4. Mine sample; Kinney mine near Somerset inBexar County; sample apparently air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 185.

At-5. Outcrop sample, submitted by Jourdan Campbell; area between Jour- danton and Charlotte; B.I.C. no. 514; no. 1244a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

At-6. Outcrop sample, submitted Jan. 1914; Franklin ranch, about 15 miles southwest of Christine; B.E.G. no. 1137; no. 1244, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Bastrop County

Ba-1. Mine sample; Bastrop Coal Company; analysis by P.S. Tilson, Houston; no. 5, Phillips et al., 1911,pp.105, 106. 119

Bastrop County (continued)

Ba-2. Mine sample; Glenn-Belto mine, Bishop; no. 1537, Phillips, 1902, p. 51, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88.

Ba-3. Mine sample; Glenn-Belto mine, T.M.S. no. 1537; no. 1245, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Ba-4. Mine sample; Independence Mining Company, Phelan; B. E.G. no. 21; no. 21, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 499, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1246, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Ba-5. Mine sample; Independence Mining Company, Phelan; no. 192, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 97; no. 1248, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Ba-6. Outcrop sample; near Clopton Switch, 6 miles south of Elgin; no. 175, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 97; no. 1247, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Ba-7. Unspecified sample, delivered to U.S. Bureau of Mines; no. 560 Fieldner et al., 1942, p. 38.

Ba-8. Mine sample, submitted by State Purchasing Agent; Sayer mine, McDade; B.I.C. no. 623; no. 1248a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Bexar County

Be-1. Outcrop sample; Cassin Station, south side of Missouri Pacific Rail- road crossingof Medina River; seam, 4.5 feet thick, overburden, 40 to 50 feet; B.E.G. no. 1477; no. 1249, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Be-2. Core sample, submitted; j mile north of Cassin Station; seam, 14 inches thick at a depth of 164 feet; sample apparently air-dried; B.E.G. no. 1478; no. 1250, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Bowie County

80-1. Mine sample, submitted by E.P. Elliot, New Boston; shaft mine, Solomon Poer Headright, Anderson Creek, 7.0 miles south of New Boston; seam, 12 feet thick, overburden, 30 feet; sample apparently air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 159. 120

Bowie County (continued)

80-la. Second sample from locality 80-1; Dumble, 1892, p. 159.

80-2. Probably outcrop sample, submittedby R. W. Rodgers, Texarkana; locality not known; B.E.G. no. 38; Phillips et al., 1911, p. 123; no. 1251, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Caldwell County

Cal-1. Outcrop sample, submitted by S. J. McDowell; vicinity of Burdett Wells; apparently air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 184; no. 1254, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189.

Cal-2. As Cal-1; Dumble, 1892, p. 184; no. 1255, Schoch, 1918, pp. 77, 189

Camp County

Camrl. Mine sample, submittedby Hatfield & Clinton; vicinity of Newsome; seam, 5.5 feet thick, overburden, 33 feet; air-dried; B.I.C. no. 646; no. 1255a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Cagg County

Cas-1. Outcrop sample; Stone Coal Bluff on Sulphur River; Dumble, 1892, p. 160; Phillips, 1914, p. 89; no. 1256, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fayette County

Fa-1. Outcrop sample; Mantoon Bluff, right side of Colorado River, opposite Rabbs Prairie; seam, 18 feet thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 204.

Fa-2. Unspecified sample; Melcher Coal & Clay Company, O'Quinn; B.E.G. no. 23; no. 1261, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189. Fa-3. Unspecified sample, submitted by J. T. Wright, Temple; 2 miles west of Muldoon; B.E.G. no. 906; no. 1262, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189. 121

Fayette County (continued)

Fa-4. Mine sample, Big Four mine, Ledbetter; upper seam, 7.0 feet thick at a depth of 55 feet; B.E. G. no. 61; no. 1263, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fa-5. Mine sample, Big Four mine, Ledbetter; lower seam, 7.0 feet at 95 feet; B.E.G. no. 62; no. 1264, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fa-6. Mine sample, Big Four mine, Ledbetter; seam, 4 feet thick at a depth of 100 feet; B.E.G. no. 157; no. 1265, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fa-7. Car sample, submitted by Daniel Webster, Ledbetter; B.E. G. no. 181; no. 1266, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fa-8. Mine sample, Lower Stratum Mining Company, Ledbetter; B.E.G. no. 237; no. 1267, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 189.

Fa-9. Mine sample, submitted by T. T. Felder; Lower Stratum Mining Com- pany, Ledbetter; B.E.G. no. 1141; no. 1268, Schoch, 1918, pp. 78, 190.

Fa-10. Mine sample, submitted by T. T. Felder; Lower Stratum Mining Com- pany, Ledbetter; B.E.G. no. 1444; no. 1270, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fa-11. Well sample; 3 miles north of Flatonia on Texas & New Orleans Rail- road; seam, 8 feet thick, overburden, 22 feet; 8.1. C. no. 613; no. 1270a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fa-12. Outcrop of seam described in Fa-11; 8.1. C. no. 614; no. 1270b, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Freestone County

Fr-1. Mine sample, submitted by Wm. Games, Austin; shaft no. 2 near Donie; B. E.G. no. 1495; no. 1271, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fr-2. Well sample, submitted by Wm. Games, Austin; hole no. 4 near Donie; no. 1272, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fr-3. Probably mine sample, submitted by J. M. Bray; vicinity of Donie; B.E.G. no. 1566; no. 1273, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190. 122

Freestone County (continued)

Fr-4. Mine sample, no. 1 from shaft onlease of J. M. Bray, Donie; 3 feet of lower seam beginning at 2.5 feet from bottom; B. E.G. no. 1675; no. 1274, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fr-5. Mine sample, as Fr-4; 2.5 feet of lower seam beginning at 5.5 feet from bottom; B.E.G. no. 1676; no. 1275, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fr-6. Mine sample, as Fr-4; 3.5 feet of lower seam beginning at 8.0 feet from bottom; B.E.G. no. 1677; no. 1276, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

Fr-7. Outcrop sample; creek about 1 mile northeast of Bray Shaft, Donie; seam, 3 feet 2 inches; B.E.G. no. 1678; no. 1277, Schoch, 1918, pp 79, 190.

Harrison County

Ha-1. Outcrop sample; B. Anderson Headright, Robertson Ferry, Sabine River; no. 704, Durable, 1892, p. 165.

Ha-2. Outcrop sample; J. T. Ramsdale Headright, Rocky Ford, Sabine River no. 707, Dumble, 1892, p. 165.

Ha-3. Outcrop sample, Francis Wilson Headright; no. 717, Dumble, 1892, p. 165.

Ha-4. Outcrop sample; Port Caddo Headright, McCathern Creek, Hendricks survey; no. 952, Dumble, 1892, p. 165.

Ha-5. Outcrop sample; J. T. Ramsdale Headright, Rocky Ford, Sabine River; air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 165.

Ha-6. Average of mine samples; Darco Works of Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc. ; G.H. Scheffler, letter dated May 10, 1961.

Ha-7. Strip mine sample, Darco no. 3 mine, 12 miles southwest of Marshall U. S.B.M. Coal Lab. no. C-67352; no. 45876, Selvig et al., 1950, pp. 24, 59.

Ha-7a. Strip mine sample, as Ha-7; air-dried.

Ha-7b. Strip mine sample, as Ha-7; moisture- and ash-free. 123

Harrison County (continued)

Ha-8. Strip mine sample, Darco no. 3 mine, 12 miles southwest of Marshall; upper bench of upper bed; U, S.B.M. Coal Lab. no. C-84699; no. 46114, Selvigetal., 1950, pp. 24, 59.

Ha-Ba. Strip mine sample, as Ha-8; air-dried

Ha-Bb. Strip mine sample, as Ha-8; moisture- and ash-free

Ha-9. Strip mine sample, Darco no. 3 mine, 12 miles southwest of Marshall; lower bench of upper bed; U.S.B. M. Coal Lab. no. C-84700; no. 46115, Selvig et al., 1950, pp. 24, 59.

Ha-9a. Strip mine sample, as Ha-9; air-dried.

Ha-9b. Strip mine sample, as Ha-9; moisture- and ash-free.

Ha-10. Strip mine sample, Darco no. 3 mine, 12 miles southwest of Marshall; upper bench of lower bed; U.S.B. M. Coal Lab. no. C-84701; no. 46116, Selvig et al,, 1950, pp. 24, 59.

Ha-10a. Strip mine sample, as Ha-10; air-dried.

Ha-10b. Strip mine sample, as Ha-10; moisture- and ash-free.

Ha-11. Strip mine sample, Darco no. 3 mine, 12 miles southwest of Marshall; lower bench of lower bed; U.S.B. M. Coal Lab. no. C-84702; no. 46117, Selvigetal., 1950, pp. 24, 59.

Ha- lla. Strip mine sample, as Ha-11; air -dried.

Ha-lib. Strip mine sample, as Ha-11; moisture- and ash-free.

Henderson County

He-1. Mine sample; Dallas Lignite Company, mine at Tredlow, ljmiles east of Malakoff; analysis by Ledoux & Company, New York; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 98-99; no. 1278, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

He-2. Mine sample, as He-1, analysis by Babcock & Wilcox Company, New York; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 99; no. 1279, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190. 124

Henderson County (continued)

He-3. Well sample, submitted by McKay Lignite Mining Company, Dallas; 8 miles west of Athens; seam, 6 feet thick; B. E.G. no. 1596; no. 1280, Schoch, 1918, pp. 79, 190.

He-4. Outcrop sample, submitted by McKay Lignite Mining Company, Dallas; |mile from test drill hole of He-3; B.E.G. no. 1597; no. 1281, Schoch 1918, pp. 79, 190.

He-5. Probably outcrop sample, submitted by W. Reid, Dallas; north of Malakoff, about 2.5 miles from Stockard; seam, 12 feet thick; no. 1282, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190.

He-6. Unspecified sample (probably mine sample), submitted by W. C. Dodd; Malakoff; 8.1. C. no. 102; no. 1282a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190.

He-7. Mine sample, submitted by W. Reid, Dallas Lignite Company; 2.5 miles from Stockard; B.E.G. no. 216, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 98.

He»B, Mine screenings, Malakoff mines of Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company; B.E.G. no. 751, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 99.

He~9. Mine sample, Texas Fire Brick and Tile Company, C. M. Walters Headright; apparently air-dried; seam, 6 feet thick; no. 1, Dumble, 1892, pp. 166, 167.

He-10. Mine sample, as He-9; air-dried; no. 2, Dumble, 1892, pp. 166, 167.

Hopkins County

Ho-1. Mine sample; Como Coal Company, Como; T.M.S. A. no. 1549, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; in part, no. 1283, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 179.

Ho-2. Mine sample; Como Coal Company; B.E* G. no. 75, Phillips etal., 1911, p. 47; no. 1288, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 179.

Ho-3. Mine sample; Como Coal Company, Como; B.E.G. no. 41, Phillips etal., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 1287, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 179.

Ho-4. Mine sample; Como Lignite Company, Como; no. 668, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203. 125

Hopkins County (continued)

Ho-5. Mine sample; Lone Star Lignite Company, Como; no. 22, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46.

Ho-6. Mine sample; Lone Star Lignite Company, Como; no. 517, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Ho-7. Mine sample; shaft of W. H. King, 10 to 12 miles from Sulphur Springs Dumble, 1892, p. 161; no. 1284, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 189.

Ho-8. Mine sample, as Ho-7; analysis by Everhart of Univ. Texas; apparently air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 161; no. 1285, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 189.

Ho-9. Unspecified sample, submitted by Crystal Ice Company, Sulphur Springs; B.E.G. no. 2384; no. 1286, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 189.

Ho-10. Test hole sample, submitted by McKay Lignite Mining Company, Dallas; Fry land, near Como; seam, 7 to 8 feet thick; B.E.G. no. 1209; no. 1289, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 189.

Houston County

Hou-1. Mine sample, Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Crock- ett; Wooters mine, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 1195, Lord, in Parker, et al., 1905, pp. 28, 52.

Hou-la. Mine sample, as Hou-1; air-dried.

Hou-2. Mine sample, as Hou-1; no. 1196, Lord, Parker et al., 1905, pp. 28, 52.

Hou-2a. Mine sample, as Hou-2; air-dried.

Hou-3. Car sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Crock- ett; Wooters mine, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 1456, Lord, jin Parker et al., 1905, pp. 28, 52.

Hou-3a. Car sample, as Hou-3; air-dried.

Hou-4. Mine sample, as Hou-1; dry basis; no. 1195-2, Lord, 1906, p. 246. -126-

Houston County (continued)

Hou-5. Mine sample, as Hou-2; no. 1196-2, Lord, 1906, p. 246.

Hou-6. Car sample, as Hou-3; no. 1456-2, Lord, 1906, p. 246.

Hou-7. Gas producer test sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Com- pany; Wooters mine, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 1460, Lord, 1906, p. 246.

Hou-8. Mine sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company; Wooters Mine, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 22, Phillips et al., 1911, pp» 45, 46.

Hou-9. Mine sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Wooters mine, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 430, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Hou-10. Car sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, 3 miles

north of Lovelady; no. 3, Phillips et al0, 1911, p. 105.

Hou-11. Screened sample, as Hou-10; no. 1, Phillips et al., 1911, p. 105.

Hou-12. Plant sample, as Hou-10; apparently air-dried; no. 2, Phillips et al. , 1911, p. 105.

Hou-13. Screened sample; Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, 3 miles north of Lovelady; no. 648, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 99.

Hou-14. Mine sample, Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, 3 miles north of Lovelady; T.M.S. A. no. 1545, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 58, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; in part, no. 1290, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190 (Phillips, 1902, reported sulfur at 0.40% on dry basis; Schoch, 1918, listed 0.64).

Hou-15. Mine sample, submitted by Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Com- pany; 3 miles north of Lovelady; B. E.G. no. 662; no. 1291, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190.

Hou-16. Outcrop sample; Hyde's Bluff, Trinity River; Dumble, 1892, p. 201.

Hou-17. Outcrop sample; Bethed Headright; Dumble, 1892, pp. 201, 202

Hou-18. Outcrop sample; Hyde's Bluff, TrinityRiVer} no. 1, Dumble, 1892, p 212. 127

Houston County (continued)

Hou-19. Outcrop sample; Bethed Headright; no. 2, Dumble, 1892, p. 202.

Hou-20. Outcrop sample; Wallace Headright, near Calthorp; no. 3, Dumble, 1892, p. 202.

Hou-21. Sample of lignite shipped to Univ. Texas power house by Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company; B. E.G. no. 2129; no. 1292, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190.

Lee County

JLee-1. Mine sample, Rockdale Coal Company, Hicks; apparently air-dried; no. 55, Phillips et al., 191.1, pp. 45, 46; in part, no. 670, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; in part, no. 1297, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190 (also listed as no. 1344 under Milam County by Schoch, 1918).

Lee-2. Outcrop sample; Blue Branch, western part of county; seam, 6 feet thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 182; Phillips, 1914, p. 164; no. 1298, Schoch, 1918, pp. 80, 190.

Lee-3. Unspecified sample, probably from outcrop; vicinity of Giddings; B.E.G no. 1445; no. 1299, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 190.

Leon County

Leo-1. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; no. 13, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; inpart, no. 328, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Leo-2. Car sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; no. 4, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 105, 106.

Leo-3. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; air-dried; B.E.G. no. 234; no. 1300, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-4. Mine sample, as Leo-3; air-dried; B.E. G. no. 235; no. 1301, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-5. Mine sample, as Leo-3; air-dried; Bf E.G. no. 236; no. 1302, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191. -128-

Leon County (continued)

Leo-6. Mine sample, as Leo-3; B. E.G. no. 256; no. 1303, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-7. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, representing shipment to E.J. Babcock, Mining Sub-station, Hebron, North Dakota; in part, no 307, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100; no. 1304, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-8. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, used for briquetting tests air-dried; B.E.G. no. 373; no. 1306, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-9. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; in part, no. 551 Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100j in part,no. 1307, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-10. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, mine at Newby; upper part of seam; B.E.G. no. 2377; no. 1308, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-11. Mine sample, as Leo-10; middle part of seam; B.E.G. no. 2338; no. 1309, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-12. Mine sample, as Leo-10; lower part of seam; B.E.G. no. 2339; no. 1310, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-13. Screened sample, Bear Grass Coal Company; screened through 3/8- inch grate, 20% of mine run; no. 933, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100; no. 1304, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-14. Mine sample, submitted by F.V. Crosby, Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; B. E.G. no. 1888; Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-15. Mine sample, Bear Grass Coal Company, Newby; B.E.G. no. 2111; no. 1316, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-16. Mine sample, submitted by Bear Grass Coal Company, Jewett; B.I.C no. 435; no. 1319a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-17. Mine sample, Houston Coal & Manufacturing Company, Evansville; submitted to Hebron, North Dakota for briquetting; in part no. 342, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100;in part, no. 342, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; in part no. 1305, Schoch. 1918, pp. 81, 191. 129

Leon County (continued)

Leo-18. Mine sample (partly dried), Houston Coal & Manufacturing Company, Evansvillej in part, no. 927, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100; in part, no. 1311, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-19. Mine sample, Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Evans- ville; in part, no. 928, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 100; in part, no. 1312, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-20. Car sample, lignite furnished Univ. Texas by Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Evansville;B. E.G. no. 1987; no. 1315, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-21. Car sample, lignite furnished Univ. Texas by Houston County Coal & Manufacturing Company, Evansville;B.E.G. no. 2203; no. 1317, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-22. Car sample, as Leo-21; B. E.G no. 2299; no. 1318, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Leo-23. Car sample, as Leo-21; B. E.G. no. 2363; no. 1319, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Limestone County

Li-1. Outcrop sample, submitted by H.L. Kniffin; vicinity of Teague; B. E.G no. 1669; no. 1320, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

Li-2» Outcrop sample, Heads Prairie, southeastern part of county; Dumble, 1892, p. 173; no. 1321, Schoch, 1918, pp. 81, 191.

MeMullen County

McM-1. Outcrop sample, San Miguel Creek, south bank, about 300 yards west of State Highway 173, 9 miles north of Tilden; no. 60189, Maxwell, 1962, p. 80.

McM-2. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60097, Maxwell, 1962, p. 80.

McM-3. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60096, Maxwell, 1962, p. 80.

McM-4. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no 60095, Maxwell, 1962, p. 80. -130-

McMullen County (continued)

McM-5. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60109, Maxwell, 1962, p. 81.

McM-6. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60186, Maxwell, 1962, p. 81.

McM-7. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60187, Maxwell, 1962, p. 81.

McM-8. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60188, Maxwell, 1962, p. 81.

McM-9. Outcrop sample, as McM-1; no. 60110, Maxwell, 1962, p. 81O

McM-10. Core sample; vicinity of San Miguel Creek, north-central part of county; as received, samples apparently air-dried; U.S.B.M. test no. 845, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-11. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no, 839, Maxwell, 1962 p. 85.

McM-12. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 840, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-13. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 841, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-14. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 842, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-15. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 845, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-16. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 844, Maxwell, 1962, p. 85.

McM-17. Core sample, as McM-10; U.S.B.M. test no. 846, Maxwell, 1962, p. 850

Medina County

Me-1. Mine sample, Carr mine, near Lytle; no. 1535, Phillips, 1902, pp.

51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; in part, no. 1322D Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191. 131

Medina County (continued)

Me-2. Mine sample, Carr mine, Lytle, mine no. 3, 350 feet northeast entry no. 6; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 105; no. 1324, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Me-3. Mine sample, as Me-2, 600 feet northwest room at middle of northeast entry no. 5; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 105; no. 1325, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Me-4. Mine sample, Carr mine, near Lytle; Phillips, 1914, p. 180; no. 1326, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Me-5. Mine sample, Carr Wood & Coal Company, Carr mine, Lytle; no. 16, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; in part, no. 329, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Me-6. Mine sample, Carr Wood &: Coal Company, Carr mine, Lytle; no. 7330, Wright, 1912, p. 25, and Lord, 1913, p. 189.

Me-7. Mine sample, Carr Wood & Coal Company, Carr mine, Lytle; no. 7461, Wright, 1912, p. 25.

Me-8. Mine sample, Carr Wood & Coal Company, Lytle; no. 7584, Wright, 1912, p. 25.

Me-9« Mine sample, Carr Wood & Coal Company, Carr mine, Lytle; no 1731, Lord, 1913, p. 189.

Me- 10. Mine sample, Bertelli mine, Lytle; no. 1536, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; in part, no. 1323, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Me-11. Mine sample, Bertelli mine, Lytle; Phillips, 1914, p. 180; no. 1327, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Me-12. Mine sample, Bertelli mine, Lytle; no. 14, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; in part, no. 368, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Milam County

Mi-1. Mine sample, American Lignite Briquette Company, Rockdale; no. 12, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 361, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203. 132

Milam County (continued)

Mi-2. Mine sample, American Lignite Briquette Company, Rockdale; probably air-dried on as-received basis; no. 57, Phillips et al., 1911, ppo 45, 46.

Mi-3. Mine sample, deep seam, American Lignite Briquette Company, Rock- dale;nnooo 420, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 101; no. 1336, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-4. Boiler room sample, American Lignite Briquette Company; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 101; no. 1329, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-5. Mine sample, Aransas Pass Lignite Company, Rockdale; no. 1543, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1335, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-6. Mine sample, Big Lump mine, Rockdale; no. 1542, Phillips, 1902, pp.

51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp0 87, 88; no. 1334, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-7. Mine sample, Big Lump mine, Rockdale; no. 7271, Lord, 1913, p. 189.

Mi-8. Mine sample, Big Lump mine, Rockdale; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 106.

Mi-9. Mine sample, Black Diamond Coal Company, Rockdale; no. 1539, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1331, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-10. Mine sample, Burnett Fuel Company, Milano; B.E.G. no. 46; no. 1328, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-11. Mine sample, Lignite Eggette Coal Company, Vogel Switch, Rockdale; no. 1540, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1332, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-12. Mine sample, J. J. Olsen & Son, Rockdale; no. 1541, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1333, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-13. Mine sample, J. J. Olsen & Son, Rockdale; no. 2562, Lord, 1908, p. 259; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 106; no. 1345, Schoch, 1918, pp 83, 191. 133

Milam County (continued)

Mi-14. Mine sample, J. J. Olsen & Son, Rockdale; no. 2734, Lord, 1908, p. 259; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 106; no. 1347, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-15, Mine sample, J. J. Olsen & Son, Rockdale; no. 2563, Lord, 1908, p. 259; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 106; no. 1346, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-16. Producer-gas test sample, J. J. Olsen & Son, Rockdale; Lord, 1908, p. 259.

Mi-17. Car sample, Rockdale Consolidated Coal Company, Rockdale; apparently air-dried on as-received basis; no. 44, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Mi-18. Mine sample, Rockdale Lignite Company, Rockdale; no. 28, Phillips et al., 1911, pp 45, 46; no. 597, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1341, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-19. Mine sample, Rowlett & Wells, Rockdale; no. 25, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 576, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1340, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-20. Strip mine sample, submitted by McAlester Fuel Company, McAlester, Oklahoma; Sandow mine, southwest of Rockdale; U.S.B.M. Coal Lab. no. C-38297; unnamed bed; no. 46257, Selvig et al., 1950, pp. 24, 60.

Mi- 20a. Strip mine sample, as Mi-20; air-dried.

Mi-20b. Strip mine sample, as Mi-20; moisture- and ash-free.

Mi-21. Strip mine sample, McAlester Fuel Company; Sandow mine, southwest of Rockdale; middle bench; U.S.B.M. Coal Lab. no. C-84232; no. 46112, Selvig et al., 1950, pp. 24, 60.

Mi-2la. Strip mine sample, as Mi-22; air -dried.

Mi-21b. Strip mine sample, as Mi-22; moisture- and ash-free.

Mi-22. Strip mine sample, McAlester Fuel Company; Sandow mine, southwest of Rockdale; lower bench; U.S.B. M. Coal Lab. no. C-84233; no. 46113, Selvig et al., 1950, pp. 24, 60. 134

Milam County (continued)

Mi-22a. Strip mine sample, as Mi-23; air-dried.

Mi-22b. Strip mine sample, as Mi-23; moisture- and ash-free.

Mi-23. Strip mine sample; McAlester Fuel Company; Sandow mine, southwest of Rockdale; upper bench; U.S.B.M. Coal Lab. no. C-84231; no. 46111, Selvig et al. , 1950, pp. 24, 60.

Mi-23a. Strip mine sample, as Mi-21; air-dried.

Mi-23b. Strip mine sample, as Mi-21; moisture- and ash-free.

Mi-24. Mine sample, Texas Coal Company, Rockdale; no. 39, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 630, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1343, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-25. Car sample, Texas Coal Company, Rockdale; no. 745, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 101; no. 1338, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-26. Car sample, Texas Coal Company, Rockdale; air-dried; no. 1339, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-27. Car sample, Texas Coal Company, Rockdale; apparently air-dried; B.E.G. no. 661; no. 1337, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191.

Mi-28. Mine sample, Texas Coal Company, Rockdale; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 192.

Mi-29. Mine sample, Vogel & Lorenz (subsequently Vogel Coal & Manufac- turing Company), Vogel Switch, Rockdale; no. 29, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 601, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1342, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 191.

Mi-30. Mine sample, Worley mine, Rockdale; no. 1538, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53; no. 1330, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 191. Mi-31. Mine sample, submitted by W. A. Butler, Hillsboro; southeast of Rock- dale; 8.1.C. no. 714; no. 1347a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Morris County

Mo-1. Open pit sample, Pruitt mine, J. N. Bohonan Headright, 5.5 miles south of Daingerfield; air-dried; seam, 15 inches thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 160; no. 1348, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192. 135

Morris County (continued)

Mo 2. Open pit sample, as Mo-1; Dumble, 1892, p.161.

Panola County-

Pa 1. Mine sample, from end of tunnel on Mineral Spring Ridge, 4.0 miles northwest of Beckville; seam, 4.5 feet thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 192.

Pa 2. Unspecified sample, from farm of D. R. Todd, near Gary; B.I.C. no. 520; no. 1349a, Schoch, 1918, pp. 82, 192»

Rains County

Ra 1. Outcrop sample; vicinity of Emory; Dumble, 1892, p. 171.

Ra 2. Outcrop sample; 7 miles east of Emory; Dumble, 1892, p. 171.

Robertson County

Ro 1. Mine sample, Central Texas Mining, Manufacturing, and Land Company; Calvert Bluff on Brazos River; T.M.S. no. 1544; no. 1544, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1350, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro 2. Mine sample, Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Company (subsequently Southwestern Fuel Company); no. 26, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46;.no. 590, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Ro 3. Mine sample, Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Company; no. 6, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 105, 106.

Ro 4. Mine sample. Southwestern Fuel fe Manufacturing Company; no. 7403, Wright, 1912, p. 29, and Lord, 1913, p. 190; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 106; no. 1351, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro 5. Mine sample; Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Company, Calvert Bluff on Brazos River; no. 7513, Wright, 1912, p. 29. -136-

Robertson County (continued)

Ro-6. Mine sample, Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Company, Calvert Bluff; no. 7950, Wright, 1912, p. 29.

Ro-7. Average of mine samples, Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Com- pany, Calvert Bluff; Wright, 1912, p. 29-

Ro-8. Mine sample, Southwestern Fuel & Manufacturing Company, Calvert Bluff; no. 7404, Lord, 1913, p. 106; no. 1352, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro-9. Mine sample, new shaft mine, 60 feet deep; Southwestern Fuel Com- pany, Calvert Bluff; seam, 6.5 feet thick; no. 957, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 102; no. 1358, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-10. Car sample, Southwestern Fuel Company, Calvert; shipped to Univ. Texas; screened sample used in test on Belvet Rocking grates; screened through 1 inch, 8%; B.E.G. no. 1750; no. 1360, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-lOa. Car sample, as Ro-10; screened through 1 inch on f-inch grate, 32%; B.E.G. no. 1751; no. 1361, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-lOb. Car sample, as Ro-10; screened through j-inch and on grate, 20%; B.E.G. no. 1752; no. 1362, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-lOc. Car sample, as Ro-10; screened through and on 1/8-inch grate, 20%; B. E.G. no. 1753; no. 1363, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-lOd. Car sample, as Ro-10; screened through 1/8-inch grate, 10%; B. E.G. no. 1754; no. 1364, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-11. Car sample, Southwestern Fuel Company, Calvert; shipped to Univ. Texas; screened samples used in test onBelvet Rocking grates; screened through 1-inch grate, 10%; B.E.G. no. 1755; no. 1365, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-lla. Car sample, as Ro-11; screened through 1-inch and on grate, 34%; B. E.G. no. 1756; no. 1366, Schoch, 1918, pp. 4, 192.

Ro-llb. Car sample, as Ro-11; screened through -jr-inch and on grate, 20%; B. E.G. no. 1757; no. 1367, Schoch, 1918, p. 84, 192.

Ro-llc. Car sample, as Ro-11; screened through and on 1/8-inch grate, 20%; B. E.G. no. 1758; no. 1368, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192. 137

Robertson County (continued)

Ro-lld Car sample, as Ro-11; screened through 1/8-inch grate, 15%; B. E.G. no. 1759; no. 1369, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-12 Car sample, SouthwesternFuel Company, Calvert; shipped to Univ. Texas; screened samples used intest on Belvet Rocking grates; screened through 1-inch grate, 12%; B.E. G. no. 1760; no. 1370, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-12a Car sample, as Ro-12; screened through 1-inch and on |-inch grate, 26%; B.E.G. no. 1761; no. 1371, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-12b Car sample, as Ro-12; screened through f-inch and on grate, 24%; B. E.G. no. 1762; no. 1372, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-12c Car sample, as Ro-12; screened through and on 1/8-inch grate, 18%; B.E.G. no. 1763; no. 1373, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-12do Car sample, as Ro-12; screened through 1/8-inch grate, 20%; B.E.G. no. 1764; no. 1374, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-13 Mine sample, Southwestern Fuel Company, submitted by C.M. Beard, Austin; B.E.G. no. 974; no. 1359, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-14 Unspecified sample (probably mine sample), submitted by D.E. Matthews; vicinity of Bremond; B. E.G. no. 823; no. 1353, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ro-15 Well sample, depth of 72 feet; .from farm of Strumensky & Son, 2.5 miles northeast of Wootan; seam, 6.5 feet thick; no. 953, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 102; no. 1354, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro-15a Well sample, as Ro-15, depth of 73 feet; no. 954, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 102; no. 1355, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro-16 Well sample; 0.5 mile northwest of locality inRo-15; depth of 53 feet; no. 1356, Schoch, 1918, pp. 83, 192.

Ro-17 Well sample; J mile from locality in Ro-15; depth of 33.5= feet; seam, 8.5 feet thick; no. 956, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 102; no. 1357, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192. 138

Rusk County

Ru-L Outcrop sample, submitted by E. To Bartick; locality not specified; Dumble, 1892, p. 195.

Ru-2. Outcrop sample, as Ru-1; air-dried; Dumble, 1892, p. 195

Ru-3. Outcrop sample, Grahams Lake, 12 miles west of Henderson; Dumble, 1892, p. 195.

Ru-4. Outcrop sample; Grahams Lake, 12 miles west of Henderson; seam, 3 to 6 feet thick; Phillips, 1914, p. 209; no. 1376, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ru-5. Outcrop sample, vicinity of Iron Mountain; Dumble, 1892, p. 194, citing J. L. Riddell; no. 1377, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192.

Ru-6. Unspecified sample, probably from outcrop; 5 miles southeast of Henderson; two seams, 38 inches thick; B.E.G. no. 2632; no. 1375, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 192,

Shelby County

Sh-1. Mine sample, Timpson Coal Company; 1 mile south of Timpson at Tandy Switch; no. 1546, Phillips, 1902, pp. 51, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 87, 88; no. 1378, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 193.

Sh-2. Outcrop sample; northeasternpart of W. J. Crump Headright, about 7 miles south of Timpson; seam, 4 to 5 feet thick; Dumble, 1892, p. 193.

Smith County

Sm-1. Outcrop sample; 8.5 miles southwest of Tyler; no. 1, Dumble, 1892, p. 168.

Sm-2. Outcrop sample; 3 miles west of Lindale; no. 2, Dumble, 1892, p. 168.

Sm-3. Outcrop sample; Wm. Luce survey, 12 miles southeast of Tyler; no. 3, Dumble, 1892, p. 168. 139

Smith County (continued)

Sm-4. Outcrop sample; Lee Springs, 6 miles south of Tyler; no. 4, Dumble, 1892, p. 168.

Sin-5. Outcrop sample; Robinson survey, 3 miles northeast of Lindale; no. 5, Dumble, 1892, p. 168.

Sm-6. Well sample, apparently air-dried; submittedby T. M. Coupland, Troup; depth of 800 to 900 feet; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 102; no. 1379, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 193.

Sm-7. Outcrop sample, submitted by A. Woldert, Tyler; locality not definite; B.E.G. no. 34; no. 1380, Schoch, 1918, pp. 84, 193.

Sm-8. Outcrop sample, as Sm-7; B.E.G. no. 35; no. 1381, Schoch, 1918, pp 85, 193.

Titus County

Ti-1. Mine sample, Cookville Coal & Lumber Company, Mt. Pleasant; no. 18, Phillips et ah , 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 429, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1383, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193.

Ti-2. Mine sample, Libby Coal Company, Cookville; submitted by Texas Public Service Company, Mt. Pleasant; seam, 8 feet thick at depth of 50 feet; B.E. G. no. 1725; no. 1384, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193,

Van Zandt County

Va-1. Mine sample, Edgewood Coal & Fuel Company, Wills Point; locality not known; no. 36, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 56; no. 616, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1388, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193

Va-2. Average of mine samples; localities not specified; G.H. Scheffler, letter dated May 10, 1961. -140-

Wood County

Wo-lo Mine sample, Alba Lignite Company (succeeded by Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company); Alba; no. 40, Phillips et al., 1911, p. 45, 46; no. 667, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203.

Wo-2. Mine sample, Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company; apparently air-dried; Alba; no. 59, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; no. 1398, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo- 3. Mine sample (screenings), Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company; Alba; no. 744, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 103.

Wo-4. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, mine no. 1; Hoyt; no. 1241, Lord, 1905, p. 52; no. 1403, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-5. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, mine no. 3; Hoyt; no. 1243, Lord, 1905, p, 52; no. 1404, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-6. Mine sample, Consumer!1 Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 1597, Lord, 1905, p. 52; no. 1405, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo -7. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 1610, Lord, 1906, p. 247; no. 1406, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-8. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 2635, Lord, 1908, p. 260; no. 1407, Schoch, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-9. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 2636, Lord, 1908, p. 260; no. 1408, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-10. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 2717, Lord, 1908, p. 260; no. 1409, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-11. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 291, Lord, 1908, p. 260.

Wo-12, Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 298, Lord, 1908, p. 260.

Wo-13. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 303, Lord, 1908, p. 260.

Wo-14. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; Lord, 1908, p. 261

Wo- 15. Car sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 7, Phillips et al > 1911, p. 105. 141

Wood County (continued)

Wo- 16. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 17, Phillips etal., 1911, pp« 45, 46; no. 327, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 202, 203; no. 1396, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193. -dried; Wo- 17. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; apparently air no. 56, Phillips et al., 1911, pp. 45, 46; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p 91.

WO-180 Mine sample (lump), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 282, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 104.

Wo- 19. Mine sample (screenings), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 952, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 104.

Wo-20. Mine sample (dust), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 593, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 104.

Wo-21. Mine sample (screenings), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 104.

Wo-22. Mine sample (dust), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 915, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 104, 141; no. 1401, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193.

Wo-23. Mine sample (dust), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 916, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 104, 141; no. 1402, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-24. Mine sample (lump), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 913, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 104, 141; no. 1399, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-25. Mine sample (nut size), Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; no. 914; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, pp. 104, 141; no. 1400, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-26. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 5; Hoyt; no. 6, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-27. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 5; Hoyt; no. 7, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-28. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 6; Hoyt; no. 1, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111. 142

Wood County (continued)

Wo-29. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 6; Hoyt; no. 2, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-30. Mine sample, Consumers* Lignite Company, Mine no. 6; Hoyt; no. 3, Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-31. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 6; Hoyt; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-32. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 6; Hoyt; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 111.

Wo-33. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 104; no. 1394, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo- 34. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company, Mine no. 1; Hoyt; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1403, Schoch, pp. 86, 193,

Wo-35. Mine sample, as Wo- 34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1404, Schoch, 1918, pp, 86, 193.

Wo-36. Mine sample (run of mine), as Wo-34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1405, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-37. Mine sample (screened), as Wo-34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1406, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-38. Mine sample, as Wo-34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1407, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-39. Mine sample, as Wo-34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1408, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-40. Mine sample (run of mine), as Wo-34; Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 107; no. 1409, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-41. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; B.E. G. no. 1716; no. 1410, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-42. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; B.E.G. no. 1717; no. 1411, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-43. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; Hoyt; apparently air-dried; B.E.G. no. 1718; no. 1412, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193. 143

Wood County (continued)

Wo-44. Mine sample, Consumers 1 Lignite Company; Hoyt; apparently air- 1918, dried; B.E. G. no, 1719; no. 1413, Schoch, pp. 86, 193 O

Wo-45. Mine sample, Consumers' Lignite Company; apparently air-dried; Hoyt; B.E. G. no. 1720; no. 1414, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo-46. Car sample, shipped from Consumers' Lignite Company, Hoyt, to Univ. Texas power house (car no. 23510); upper part of car, screened; on 1-inch grate, 14%; B. E.G. no. 1728; no. 1415, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-46a. Car sample, as Wo-46; through 1-inch and on |-inch grate, 20% B.E.G. no. 1729; no. 1416, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-46b. Car sample, as Wo-46; through |-inch and on J-inch grate, 24% B.E.G. no. 1730; no. 1417, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-46c. Car sample, as Wo-46; through and on 1/8-inch grate, 21%; B.E.G. no. 1731; no. 1418, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-46d. Car sample, as Wo-46; through 1/8-inch grate, 21%; B.E.G. no. 1737; no. 1419, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-47. Car sample, as Wo-46; middle part of car; on 1-inch grate, 22%; B.E.G. no. 1733; no. 1420, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo -47a-. Car sample, as Wo-47; through 1-inch and on y-inch grate, 32%; B.E.G. no. 1734; no. 1421, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-47b. Car sample, as Wo-47; through f-inch and on grate, 10%; B.E.G. no. 1735; no. 1422, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-47c. Car sample, as Wo-47; through and on 1/8-inch grate, 14%; B.E.G. no. 1736; no. 1423, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 193.

Wo-47d. Car sample, as Wo-47; through 1/8-inch grate, 22%; B.E.G. no. 1737; no. 1424, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-48. Car sample, as Wo-46; various sizes of lumps; B.E.G. no. 1738; no. 1425, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-49. Car sample, as Wo-46; on 1-inch grate, 20%; B.E.G. no. 1739; no. 1426, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194. 144

Wood County (continued)

Wo-49a. Car sample, as Wo-49, through 1-inch and on J-inch grate, 38%; B.E.G. no. 1740; no. 1427, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo -49b. Car sample, as Wo-49; through f-inch and on grate, 20%; B. E.G. no. 1741; no. 1428, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-49c. Car sample, as Wo-49; through and on 1/8-inch grate, 16%; B.E.G. no. 1742; no. 1429, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-49d. Car sample, as Wo-49; through 1/8-inch grate, 6%; B. E.G. no. 1743; no. 1430, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-50. Car sample, as Wo-46; bottom part of car; on 1-inch grate, 32%; B.E.G. no. 1744; no. 1431, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-50a. Car sample, as Wo-50; through 1-inch and on f-inch grate, 40%; B.E.G. no. 1745; no. 1432, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-50b. Car sample, as Wo-50; through f-inch and on grate, 16%; B.E.G. no. 1746; no. 1433, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-50c. Car sample, as Wo-50; through and on 1/8-inch grate, 8%; B.E.G. no. 1747; no. 1434, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-50d. Car sample, as Wo-50; through 1/8-inch grate, 4%; B.E.G. no. 1748; no. 1435, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Wo-51. Mine sample, North Texas Coal Company; Alba; T.M..S. no. 1547; no. 1547, Phillips, 1902, pp. 15, 53, and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 88; no. 1392, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193.

Wo-52. Mine sample, North Texas Coal Company; Alba; T.M.S. no. 1548; no. 1548, Phillips, 1902, pp. 15, 53 and Phillips and Worrell, 1913, p. 88; no. 1393, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193.

Wo- 53. Mine sample, Lone Star Lignite Company, Dallas; Alba; B.E.G. no 17; no. 1397, Schoch, 1918, pp. 86, 193.

Wo- 54. Unspecified sample, submitted by B. Snyder, Marshall; locality not specified, eastern part of county; B.E.G. no. 2272; no. 1392, Schoch, 1918, pp. 85, 193.

Wo-55. Unspecified sample, probably outcrop; vicinity of Mineola; Dumble, 1892, p. 171. -145-

Zavala County

Za-1. Well sample, 12 miles west of La Pryor, at depth of 118 feet; submitted by W. J. Armstrong; apparently air-dried; B.E.G. no. 926; no. 1436, Schoch, 1918, pp. 87, 194.

Za-2. Well samples, I.T. Pryor ranch; average of 13 samples (air-dried); Baker, 1935, p. 333.

Za-3. Well sample, I.T. Pryor ranch; air-dried; Baker, 1935, p. 333.

Za-4. Outcrop sample, banks of Nueces River, about 1 mile downstream from crossing of U. S. Highway 83; no. 60085, Maxwell, 1962, p. 89

Za-5. Outcrop sample, as Za-4; no, 60086, Maxwell, 1962, p. 89. -146-

Appendix B. Lignite Mines in Texas

Mines and operations listed in this appendix were compiled mostly from reports of the Texas State Mine Inspector, Bureau of Economic Geology, and United States Bureau of Mines. The list is incomplete but gives some indication of the extent of pastlignite mining in the State. With the exception of operations of Industrial Generating Company inMilam County, Atlas Powder Com- pany in Harrison County, and Valley Industries, Inc. in MeMullen County, all mines have been abandoned. Dates of operations of individual mines are very incompletely known;however, most mining in Texas was conducted during 1910 to 1930.

Company or Owner Location Mine

Anderson County

1. Anderson County Coal Company Palestine Dome Mine #1 2. W. C. Dodd Lignite Company Palestine Dome 3o Herne & Harbor Palestine Dome Mine #1 4. Palestine Lignite Company Palestine Dome Palestine #1 Palestine #2 Palestine #3 5. Palestine Salt & Coal Company Palestine Dome Palestine #2 6. Tredlow Lignite Company Palestine Dome

Atascosa County

1. Lytle Coal Company Lytle 2. Poteet Sand & Coal Company Poteet 3. South of Somerset Kinney

Bastrop County

1. Bastrop Coal Company Glenham Spur 2. BastropLignite &c Coal Company North of Bastrop Sayers Titanic #1 Titanic #3 3. Belto Lignite Company North of Bastrop Belto #2 4. Belts Coal Company North of Bastrop Wiley Spur Biglo Riley 5. Buniva Coal Company North of Bastrop Recluta -147-

Company or Owner Location Mine

Bastrop County (continued)

6. Calvin Coal Company Calvin Calvin #2 7. Carr Coal Company McDade Mine #5 8. Chalmers Lignite Company Bastrop Rosedale 9. Colorado Mining Company North of Bastrop Carr 10. Consumers' Coal Company Mine #1 11. R. L. Dennison McDade Sayer #1 12, Dennison Coal Company McDade Erhart #1 13. Glenn-Belto Coal Company Bishop 14. Independence MiningCompany Phelan Independence #4 Independence #5 15. Lower Strata LigniteCompany 16. W. B. Mowatt McDade 17. Our Coal Company Calvin Mine #1 18. Phelan Mining Company Phelan Mine #4 19. Purity Lignite Company Cotten #1 20. Waugh Coal Company Calvin Calvin #3

Bexar County

1. Bertelli Coal Company Somerset Mine #3 2. Brackenridge Coal Company West of Somerset 3. John Crosby West of Somerset Kirkwood

Bowie County

1. Carbondale Coal Company Carbondale 2. Elliott Anderson Creek Local shaft

Camp County

1. --■- North of Newsome Local shaft

Cass County

1. Alamo Local shaft -148-

Company or Owner Location Mine

Fayette County

1. Black Diamond Coal Company Ledbetter 2. Ledbetter Coal Company Ledbetter 3. Lower Strata Lignite Mining Company , Ledbetter Big Four 4. Melcher Coal & Clay Company O'Quinn

Freestone County

1. Bray East of Donie Local shaft

Grimes County

1. Madison County Coal & Oil Company Mine #2

Gregg County

1. Sabine River Local shaft

Harrison County

1. Atlas Powder Company Darco Darco Works 2. McAlester Fuel Company Darco

Henderson County

1. Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company Malakoff Malakoff #1 Malakoff #4 2, Athens Lignite Company Athens — 3a Dallas Lignite Company Tredlow 4. W. C. DoddLignite Company Tredlow Tredlow 5. Liberty Coal Company --- Mine #1 6. W. E. Phillips 7. Royal Coal Company — Mine #1 8. Texas Fire Brick & Tile Company Local open pit 9. Tredlow Lignite Company Tredlow Mine #3 Mine #4 Mine #5 -149-

Company or Owner Location Mine

Hopkins County

1. Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company Greenville 2. George Anderson Como Red 3o Como Coal Company Como 4. Como Lignite Company Como Mine #1 5. Crush Lignite Company Sulphur Springs Mine #3 6. Fry Goal Company Como 7. Fry Lignite Mining Company Como Mine #1 8. Higrade Lignite Company Como Black Diamond 9. Hill &c Son Como 10. Industrial Lignite Company Como lie Lone Star Lignite Company Como Watelsky #1 Watelsky #2 Watelsky #3 12. McKay Lignite Mining Company Como McKay #1 McKay #2 130 Saunders Coal Company Como Mine #1 Molly Baily 14. Texas Refining Company Como Kelley #1 15. Como Paul 16. Como Kelley #2

Houston County

1. Houston County Coal Company Lovelady --- 2. Houston-Leon County Coal & Manufacturing Company Lovelady Wooters #2 Wooters #4 Wooters #5 Wooters #7-B

Lee County

1. Hicks Coal Mining Company Hicks Hicks #1 2. Rockdale Coal Company Hicks 3. Sparks lignite Company Hicks Hicks #1

Leon County

1. Bear Grass Coal Company Bear Grass -150-

Company or Owner Location Mine

Leon County (continued)

2. Houston-Leon County Coal &c Manufacturing Company Evansville Mine #1 Mine #3 Mine #6 Mine #8

MeMullen County

1. Valley Industries, Inc. San Miguel Creek Open pit

Medina County

1. Belts Coal Company West of Lytle Riley 2. Bertelli Coal Company Southwest of Lytle Bertelli 3. Carr Wood & Coal Company Southwest of Lytle Carr slope #1 Carr slope #2 Carr shaft #1 4. Producer's Mining Company West of Lytle Mine #1

Milam County

1. American Lignite &c Briquette Company Rockdale Big Square Big Lump #4 Big Lump #5 Carr #3 Olson #2 2. Austin Consolidated Mining Company Rockdale 3. Aransas Pass Coal Company South of Rockdale International 4. Big Lump Coal Company Northeast of Rockdale Big Lump #6 Big Lump #7 Olson 5. Black DiamondCoal Company Vogel 6. Buniva Coal Company Rockdale Consolidated 7. Burnett Fuel Company Milano Santa Fe 8. Calvert Coal Company Rockdale Mine #1 Mine #2 151

Company or Owner Location Mine

Milam County (continued)

9. Consolidated Coal Company Rockdale Worley Mine fZ 10. Empire Fuel Products Corp. Rockdale Santa Fe Witcher 11. Federal Fuel Company Rockdale Open pit 12. Industrial Generating Company Southwest of Rockdale Open pit 13. International Coal Company. Rockdale Mine #3 14. Lignite Eggette & Coal Company Rockdale 15. McAlester Fuel Company Rockdale Open pit 16. Milano Coal Company Milano 17. J.J. Olson & Son Northeast ofRockdale 18. Rockdale Lignite Company Rockdale Sparks #2 Witcher 19. Rockdale Coal Company Rockdale 20. Rockdale Mining &c Manufacturing Company Rockdale 21. Rowlett & Wells Rockdale International Sessions Witcher Worley 22. Sandow Lignite Company Rockdale Strip #1 Strip #2 23. Santa Fe Coal Company Milano Mine #1 24. Sparks Lignite Company Rockdale Big Square Witcher 25. Standard Lignite Company Milano 26. Texas Briquette Sc Coal Company Rockdale 27. Texas Coal Company Rockdale Mine #4 28. Tredlow Lignite Company Strip #2 Strip #3 29. Vogel Coal &c Manufacturing Company Vogel 30. Vogel & Lorenz ■ 31. Wallace & Hicks Rockdale 32. Western Securities Company Rockdale 33. A. J. Worley Rockdale Worley 34. Yoakum Coal Company Rockdale

Morris County

1. Pruitt Daingerfield Local ihaft -152-

Company or Owner Location Mine

Nacogdoches County

1. E.G. Douglas Garrison Douglas #3 Douglas #4 Douglas #5 Douglas #6 2. Douglas Lignite Company Garrison Mine #1 Mine #2 3o East Texas Coal Company South of Garrison 4. Garrison Coal & Oil Company Garrison Mine #1 5. O. K. Lignite Company Garrison Mine #1 6. Price Lignite Company Garrison Mine #1 7. South Texas Coal Company South of Garrison

Panola County

1. Beckville

Rains County

1. Frazier-Johnson Brick Company Ginger 2. Morton Salt Company Southwest of Alba

Robertson County

1. Central Texas Mining, Manu- facturing & Land Company Calvert 2. Madison Oil &c Coal Company Mine #1 3. McLendon North of Calvert Local shaft 4. Southwestern Fuel & Manu- facturing Company

Shelby County

1. Shelby Coal & Fuel Company Timpson 2. Speer Lignite Company Timpson Mine #1 Mine— #2 3. Timpson Coal Company South of Timpson 4. Timpson Lignite Company South of Timpson 5. Center Local slope 153

Company or Owner Location Mine

Titus County

1. Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company Slope 2. Athens Lignite Company Mt. Pleasant Mine #3 3. L. L. Cook 4. Cookville Coal & Lignite Company Cookville 5. Cookville Coal & Lumber Company Mt. Pleasant 6. East Texas Lignite Company Winfield 7o Greenville Lignite Company Winfield Mine #2

8. Libby Manufacturing Company Mt0 Pleasant 9. O'Neal Lignite & Coal Company O'Neal 10. Titus County Coal Company Titus #1 Titus #2 110 Winfield Lignite Fuel Company Winfield Mine #2 Mine #3

Uvalde County

1. Southeast of Uvalde Local shaft

Van Zandt County

1. Consumers' Lignite Company Grand Saline 2. Edgewood Coal Sc Fuel Company 3» Sander Canton

Wood County

1. Alba Lignite Company Alba --- 2. Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company Alba Mine #5 3. Consumers* Lignite Company Hoyt Mine #1 Mine #3 Mine #5 Mine #6 Mine #7 Mine #8 Mine #9 Mine #10 Mine #11 154

Company or Owner Location Mine

Wood County (continued)

Mine #12 Mine #14 Mine #15 Mine #16 4. Lone Star Lignite Company Alba 5. Morton Salt Company Alba 6. North Texas Coal Company Hoyt Mine #1 Mine #2

Zavala County

1. Missouri Pacific Railroad Nueces River --""- 155

Index activated carbon: 2, 23 Atascosa County: 5, 26, 80, 92 agricultural chemicals: 22 average composition of lignite: 4 Alamo: 38 descriptionof samples: 118 Alba: 76, 152, 153, 154 lignite mines in: 146 Alba Lignite Company mine: 153 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Alba-Malakoff Lignite Company: 47 proximate analyses: 105 mines: 148, 149, 153 Athens: 148 American Lignite & Briquette Athens Lignite Company mines: 148, Company mine: 150 153 analyses-- Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc.: ash: 50, 56, 58, 77, 78 2, 23, 44, 45 average tar: 60 Atlas Powder Company: 45, 58 gas distillate: 28, 38, 49, 51, mine: 148 52, 90 Attoyac Bayou: 70 proximate: 105-114 attrital lignite: 2, 3, 23 residues and gas distillates: 60 attritus, opaque and/or translucent: ultimate: 115-117 46 Anderson County: 5, 25 Austin Consolidated Mining Company average composition of lignite: 4 mine: 150 description of samples: 118 average composition of Texas lignites lignite mines in: 146 4 lignite reserves: 21 average moisture content: 16 proximate analysis: 105 ultimate analysis: 115 Baily mine: 149 Anderson County Coal Company Baker, C. L.: 38, 47, 70, 79 mine: 146 Bastrop: 26, 27 Anderson, George, mine: 149 Bastrop Coal Company mine: 146 Angelina County: 80, 85 Bastrop County: 5,9, 13, 26, 27 lignite reserves: 21 average composition of lignite: 4 Angelina Creek: 36 description of samples: 118-119 Angelina River: 80. lignite mines in: 146-147 anthracite: 2 lignite reserves: 21 anthraxylon: 3, 46 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Aransas Pass Coal Company proximate analyses: 105 mine: 150 ultimate analyses: 115 aromatic compounds: 22 Bastrop Lignite & Coal Company tar: 22 mines: 146 ash, analyses of: 50, 56, 58, 77, 78 Bastrop Lignite Company: 27 beryllium content of: 22 Bear Grass: 51, 52, 149 content: 9, 11 Bear Grass Coal Company mine: 149 from lignite mined, composition Bear Grass Mining Company: 51 of: 72 Beckville: 64, 65, 152 Ashley, G. H.: 79 Belto Lignite Company mine: 146 156

Belto #2 mine: 146 Buckners Creek: 90, 91 Belts Coal Company: 54 Buniva Coal Companymines: 146, 150 mines: 146, 150 Burdett Wells: 37 benzene: 22 Burke: 80 Bertelli Coal Company: 55 Burknar t, Burke: 2 mines: 147, 150 Burieson County: 85 Bertelli mine: 55, 56, 57 lignite reserves: 21 beryllium content: 46 Burnett Fuel Company mine: 150 of ash: 22 Butler: 26, 28 Bexar County: 5, 26, 35, 36 average compositionof lignite: 4 Caldwell County: 5, 13, 37 description of samples: 119 average composition of lignite: 4 lignite mines in: 147 description of samples: 120 lignite reserves: 21 lignite reserves: 21 principal lignite deposits in: 10 proximateanalyses: 105 proximateanalyses: 105 Caddo Creek: 25 Bigford Formation: 78, 92 Caddo Lake: 42, 54 Big Four mine: 148 calorific values: 9, 12 Biglo mine: 146 Calvert: 67, 68, 70, 152 Big Lump Coal Companymines: 150 Calvert Bluff: 68, 69, 70 Big Lump mine: 150 Calvert Bluff Formation: 24, 26 Big Sandy Creek: 26, 28 Calvert Coal Companymines: 150 Big Square mines: 150, 151 Calvin Coal Companymine: 147 bituminous coal: 2 Calvin mine: 147 coating: 22 Campbell: 19 Black Diamond Coal Company Campbellton: 80, 81 mines: 148, 150 Camp County: 5, 38 Black Diamondmine: 149 average compositionof lignite: 4 4tblack-jack" coal: 16 description of samples: 120 Black Shoals: 85 lignitemines in: 147 Blue Branch: 50 lignite reserves: 21 "bone" coal: 16 proximate analysis: 105 Boston: 36 cannel coals, Mt. Selman: 92 Bowie County: 5, 9, 13, 36, 37 Canton: 75, 153 average composition of lignite: 4 carbon: 16 descriptionof samples: 119-120 pitch, hard: 22 lignite mines in: 147 Carbondale: 36 lignite reserves: 21 Carbondale Coal Company: 36 proximate analyses: 105 mine: 147 ultimate analysis: 115 carbonization: 19, 22 Brackenridge Coal Company: 35, 36, Carr Coal Companymine: 147 147 Carr mines: 54, 55, 56, 57, 157, Bray mine: 148 150, 151 Brazos County: 85 Carr Wood & Coal Companymines: 150 lignite reserves: 21 Cass County: 5, 38 Brazos River: 13, 67, 68, 70, 85 average composition of lignite: 4 brown coal: 2 description of samples: 120 157

Cass County-- creosote: 22 lignite mine in: 147 Crosby, John, mine: 147 lignite reserves: 21 Crush Lignite Company mine: 149 proximate analysis: 105 Cypress Creek: 54 Cassin: 35 Cedar Creek: 26, 30, 90 Daingerfield: 62, 151 Center: 63, 72, 152 Dallas Lignite Company: 47 Central Texas Mining, Manufacturing, mine: 148 and Land Company: 70 Darco: 8, 44, 45, 46, 148 mine: 152 Plant: 23 Chalmers Lignite Company mine: 147 Darco Works mine: 148 char: 22 decolorizing solutions: 23 Cherokee County: 5, 80 definition and geologic formation of lignite reserves: 21 Texas lignites: 2-3 Cibolo Creek: 42 Dennison Coal Company mine: 147 Claiborne Group: 92 Dennison Creek: 32, 33 classification of low-rank coals: 3 Dennison, R. L., mine: 147 Clear Fork of Plum Creek: 37 detergents: 22 coal, bituminous and/or brown: 2 Deul and Annell: 22 coal mine community: 54 Deussen, Alexander: 42 Colorado Mining Companymine: 147 Dietrich and Lonsdale: 27, 90 Colorado River: 28 Dimmit County: 5, 80, 92 Como: 48, 49, 50, 149 dispersant: 22 Como Coal Company: 48, 49 distillate, gas: 62 mine: 149 from lignites: 56 Como Lignite Companymine: 149 distillation: 22 composition of-- Dodd, W. C., Lignite Company ash from lignite mined: 72, 76 mines: 146, 148 cracked pitch: 61 Donie: 40, 148 gas distillate: 76 Douglas, E. G., mines: 152 oils from tar distillate: 61 Douglas Lignite Companymines: 152 residue: 61 drilling-mud additives: 2, 85 tar distillate: 61 Duggey Lake: 25 Cook, L. L., mine; 153 Dumble, E. T. : 7, 25, 26, 36, 37, Cookville: 38, 153 38, 40, 47, 50, 55, 63, 67, 70, 72, Cookville Coal & Lignite Company 77, 79, 80, 82, 85 mine: 153 Dunstan Station: 34 Cookville Coal & Lumber Company: 38 dyestuffs: 22 mine: 153 Consolidated CoalCompanymines: 151 Eagle Ford Formation: 54 Consolidated mine: 150 East Texas Coal Company: 63, 64 Consumers' Coal Company mine: 147 mine: 152 Consumers' Lignite Company East Texas Lignite Company mines: 153 mine: 153 Cotten mine: 147 economic considerations: 7 cracked pitch, compositionof: 61 Edgewood Coal and Fuel Company: 75 creosole: 22 mine: 153 158

elastometers: 22 Garrison: 63, 64, 152 Eliot Pit No. 5: 33 Garrison Coal &c Oil Company Elliott, J. E. : 33, 34 mine: 15Z Elliott mine: 147 Gary: 64 Emerson Creek: 88 gas absorption: 23 Emory: 67 gas distillate: 62 Empire Fuel Products Corporation analysis of: 28, 38, 49, 51, 52, 90 mines: 151 composition of: 76 Erhart mine: 147 gasification: 19, 22 Evans, G. L.: 23, 45 generalfeatures of Texas lignites: 9-23 Evansville: 51, 52, 150 Getzendaner, F. M.: 79 extractable waxes: 23, 46, 60 Ginger: 67, 152 Glenham Spur: 146 Falls County: 5, 80 Glenham Station: 27 Fayette County: 9, 13, 85, 87 Glenn-Belto Coal Company mine: 147 analysis of gas distillate: 90 Gonzales County: 5, 80 average composition of lignite: 4 Grahams Lake: 70 description of samples: 120-121 Grand Saline: 153 lignite mines in: 148 Greenville: 149 lignite reserves: 21 Greenville Lignite Company mine: 153 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Gregg County: 5, 40 proximate analyses: 105-106 lignite mine in: 148 ultimate analyses: 115 lignite reserves: 21 Federal Fuel Company mine: 151 Grimes County: 85 fixed carbon: 14 lignite mine in: 148 content: 13 lignite reserves: 21 fixed carbon- volatile matter Groveton: 85 content: 13 Guadalupe County: 5, 40 Flatonia: 87, 88 Flawn, P. T.: 2 hard carbon pitch: 22 formaldehyde: 22 Harris Creek: 28 Fowkes and Frost: 22 Harrison: 7 Franklin: 38 Harrison County: 5, 8, 22, 23, 42, Franklin County: 5, 13 45, 46 lignite reserves: 21 average composition of lignite:- 4 Frazier-JohnsonBrick Company description of samples: 122 123 mine: 152 lignite mines in: 148 Freestone County: 5, 40 lignite reserves: 21 average composition of lignite: 4 principal lignite deposits in: 10 description of samples: 121-122 proximate analyses: 106 lignite mine in: 148 ultimate analyses: 115 lignite reserves: 21 Hawkins: 77 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Hearne: 68 proximate analyses: 106 "heaving ground": 7 Fry Coal Company mine: 149 Henderson: 70 Fry Lignite Mining Company mine: 149 Henderson County: 5, 47 Ft. Inge: 80 average composition of lignite: 4 fusain: 46 description of samples: 123-124 159

Henderson County-- IndependenceMining Company: 28 lignitemines in: 148 mines: 147 lignite reserves: 21 indicated and/or inferred reserves: 19 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Industrial Generating Company: 2, proximate analyses: 106-107 57, 58, 59, 151 Hendricks, T. A. : 19 industrial generating fuel: 2 Herne &t Harbor mine: 146 Industrial Lignite Companymine: 149 Hicks: 50, 149 International Coal Companymine: 151 mines: 149 International mine: 151 Hicks Coal Mining Company mine: 149 Higrade Lignite Company mine: 149 Jackson Group: 85 Hill &c Son mine: 149 Jackson lignites: 85-90 history of mining: 5, 7 reserves: 20, 21 Hiteshue et ah : 22 Jones Prairie: 58 Hooper Formation: 24, 27 Hopkins County: 5, 13, 48 Karnes County: 85 analysis of gas distillate of Kelley mines: 149 lignite: 49 Kennedy, W. : 70, 85 average compositionof lignite: 4 Kinney mine: 26, 146 description of samples: 124-125 Kirkwood mine: 26, 35, 36, 147 lignite mines in: 149 Kohls, D. W. : 2, 22 lignite reserves: 21 principal lignite deposits in: 10 La Grange: 87 proximate analyses: 107 Lambs Creek: 51 ultimate analyses: 115 La Parita Creek: 81 Houston County: 5, 9, 13, 81, 82, 84 La Pryor: 79 average composition of lignite: 4 La Salle County: 85 description of samples: 125-127 Ledbetter: 85, 87, 148 lignite mines in: 149 Ledbetter Coal Company mine: 148 lignite reserves: 21 Lee County: 5, 9, 13, 50, 85 principal lignite deposits in: 10 analysis of gas distillate: 51 proximateanalyses: 107-108 average compositionof lignite: 4 ultimate analyses: 115 description of samples: 127 Houston County Coal Company lignite mines in: 149 mine: 149 lignite reserves: 21 Houston County Coal & Manufacturing proximate analyses: 108 Company: 83, 84 ultimate analysis: 116 Houston-Leon County Coal Company: Lena: 87 51 Switch: 88 Houston-Leon County Coal & leonardite: 22 Manufacturing Company mines: Leon County: 5, 51 149, 150 average composition of lignite: 4 Hoyt: 153, 154 description of samples: 127-129 humic acids: 22 lignite mines in: 149-150 Huntington: 80 lignite reserves: 21 Hydes Bluff: 82, 83 principal lignite deposits in: 10 hydrogen: 16 proximateanalyses: 108 hydrogenation: 19, 22 ultimate analysis: 116 - 160 -

L'HerHer, L. F.: 5 Manning Formation: 85 Liberty Coal Company mine: 148 Mantoon Bluff: 87, 89 Lobby Manufacturing Company: 38 Marion County: 5, 54 mine: 153 lignite reserves: 21 lignite, attrital: 2, 3, 23 Marshall: 8, 23, 44, 45 Lignite Eggette & Coal Company Martin Creek: 70 mine: 151 Maverick County: 5, 80 Limestone County: 5, 53 Maxwell, R. A.: 2, 26, 55, 74, 79, average composition of lignite: 4 80, 81, 84, 85, 92 description of samples: 129 measured reserves: 19 lignite reserves: 21 Medina County: 5, 9, 13, 26, 54, 55 proximate analyses: 108 analysis of ash: 56 liquid fraction: 19 average composition of lignite: 4 liquid products: 22 description of samples: 130-131 liquids: 19 distillates from lignites: 56 Little Brazos River: 67, 68, 70 lignite mines in: 150 log of shaft, Rockdale Mining principal lignite deposits in: 10 Company: 58 proximate analyses: 109 Lone Star Lignite Company: 48, 49 ultimate analyses: 116 mines: 149, 154 Melcher Coal and Clay Company: 87 Lonsdale, J. T.: 2, 56 mine: 148 and Crawford: 40 Metate Creek: 81 Lovelady: 83, 84, 149 methanol: 22 low-B.t. v. gas: 19 Milam County: 5, 7, 8, 13, 16, 22, Lower Strata Lignite Company 57 mine: 147 analyses of residues and gas Lower Strata Lignite Mining Company distillates: 60 mine: 148 analysis of ash from lignites: 58 Lytle: 54, 56, 146, 150 average composition of lignite: 4 Lytle Coal Company mine: 146 description of samples: 131-134 lignite mines in: 150-151 McAlester Fuel Company mines: lignite reserves: 21 148, 151 principal lignite deposits in: 10 McDade: 26, 27 proximate analyses: 109-110 McKay Lignite Mining Company: 48 ultimate analyses: 116 mines: 149 Milano: 58, 150, 151 McLendonmine: 152 Milano" Coal Company mine: 151 MeMullen County: 5, 84, 85 mine-mouth" power plants: 7 average composition of lignite: 4 Mineola: 77 description of samples: 129-130 Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad: 27, lignite mines in: 150 67 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Missouri Pacific Railroad: 27, 80 proximate analyses: 108-109 mine: 154 Madison County: 85 moisture content, average: 16 lignite reserves: 21 Molly Baily mine: 149 Madison Oil & Coal Company Morris County: 5, 62 mines: 148, 152 average composition of lignite: 4 Malakoff: 47, 148 description of samples: 134-135 mines: 148 lignite mines in: 151 161

Morris County-- Palestine mines: 146 lignite reserves: 21 Palestine Salt and Coal Company: 25 proximate analyses: 110 mine: 146 Morton Salt Company: 67 Panola County: 5, 64, 65 mines: 152, 154 average composition of lignite: 4 Mowatt, W. 8. , mine: 147 lignite reserves: 21 Mt. Pleasant: 38, 153 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Mt. Selman-- proximateanalyses: 110 cannel coals: 92 paraffin in raw tars: 61 Formation: 92 Paul mine: 149 lignites: 92 Payne Brick Company: 28 Mt. Zion Church: 29 Peach Creek, Sandy Fork of: 37 Muldoon: 87, 88 peat: 2 Perkins, J. M. : 2, 19, 21 Nacogdoches County: 5, 63, 85 and Lonsdale: 19, 20, 75, 85 lignite mines in: 152 petrography: 46 lignite reserves: 21 Pharmaceuticals: 22 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Phelan: 28, 29 napthalene: 22 Phelan Mining Company mine: 147 Navarro County: 5, 80 phenol: 22 Nebelt Shoals: 85 Phillips, W. B.: 7, 50, 56, 70, 72, Neches River: 47, 80 77, 84 Newsome: 38 et al.: 75 nitric acid: 22 Phillips and Worrell: 49, 51, 52, 56, nitrogen: 16 60, 72, 76, 87, 90 content: 62 Phillips, W. E., mine: 148 North Texas Coal Company: 77 Piney Creek: 26, 31, 82 mines: 154 Pin Oak Creek: 37 Nueces River: 79, 80, 154 plastics: 22 Plum Creek, Clear Fork of: 37 occurrence of Texas lignites: 24-92 Plummer, F. B. : 38, 40, 58, 67 oils from tar distillate, Polk County: 85 compositionof: 61 Poteet: 92, 146 O. K. Lignite Company mine: 152 Poteet Sand & Coal Company: 92 Olson, J. J., & Son mine: 151 mine: 146 Olson mines: 150 Powell Bend: 29 O'Neal: 153 power plants, "mine-mouth": 7 O'Neal Lignite & Coal Company Powers, Sidney: 25 mine: 153 Prairie Lea: 37 opaque attritus: 46 Price Lignite Company mine: 152 operators: 8 Producer's Mining Company mine: 150 O'Quinn: 87, 91, 148 production: 8 Creek: 87, 90, 91 Pruitt mine: 151 Our Coal Company mine: 147 Purity Lignite Company mine: 147 Owen, J.: 79 pyridine: 22 oxygen content: 16 Queen City Formation: 38, 47, 62, Palestine Dome: 25, 146 70, 77 Palestine Lignite Company mines: 146 lignite: 25 162

Rabb Prairie: 89 Sabine County: 5 Rains County: 5, 13, 67 Sabine River: 13, 40, 42, 44, 72, 75, description of samples: 135 148 lignite mines in: 152 SabinetownFormation: 24 lignite reserves: 21 Sabine Uplift: 9, 13 principallignite deposits in: 10 Salter: 70 proximate analyses: 110 sample descriptions: 118-145 Recluta mine: 146 San Augustine County: 85 recovery of lignite, open-pit and lignite reserves: 21 underground operations: 7 Sander mine: 153 Red mine: 149 Sandow mine: 60 regional variation: 9-16 Sandow Lignite Company mines: 151 residue, composition of: 61 Sandy Creek: 28 residues and gas distillates, Milam Sandy Fork of Peach Creek: 37 County, analysis of: 60 San Miguel Creek: 84, 85, 86, 150 reserves: 19, 20, 21 San Pedro: 92 Riddell, J. L.: 5 Santa Fe Coal Company mine: 151 Rileyand Carr mines: 55 Santa Fe mines: 150, 151 Riley mine: 54, 55, 56, 146 Santo Tomas: 92 road tar: 22 Saunders Coal Companymines: 149 Robertson County: 5, 67, 68, 70 Sayer mine: 147 average composition of lignite: 4 Sayers mine: 146 description of samples: 135-137 Sayersville: 26, 27 lignite mines in: 152 Scheffler, G. H.: 2, 45, 58, 76 lignite reserves: 21 Schoch, E. P.: 35 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Sedlmayer, J. J.: 88 proximate analyses: 110-111 Sequin Formation: 24 ultimate analyses: 116 Sellards, E. H. : 36 Robertson Ford: 42, 43 Selvig et al. : 23, 44, 46, 60 Rockdale: 7, 8, 22, 57, 58, 60, Sessions mine: 151 150, 151 Shelby Coal Jk Fuel Company mine: Rockdale Coal Company mines: 152 149, 151 Shelby County: 5, 70, 71, 72 Rockdale Lignite Company mines: 151 average compositionof lignite: 4 Rockdale Mining Company: 58 descriptionof samples: 138 Rockdale Mining &c Manufacturing lignite mines in: 152 Company mine: 151 lignite reserves: 21 Rocky Ford: 42, 66 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Rodda, P. U.: 2 proximateanalyses: 111 Rosedale mine: 147 ultimate analysis: 116 4 'rotten coal": 16 Shumard, B. F.: 38 Rowlett & Wells mines: 151 Simsboro Formation: 24 Royal Coal Company mine: 148 Smith County: 5, 72, 73 Rusk County: 5, 70, 71 average composition of lignite: 4 average composition of lignite: 4 description of samples: 138-139 description of samples: 138 proximate analyses: 111-112 lignite reserves: 21 solid fuel: 19 proximateanalyses: 111 solid residue: 19 163

Somerset: 36, 146 thickness of seams: 16 Southern Pacific Railroad: 63 Timpson: 63, 70, 72, 152 South Texas Coal Company: 63 Timpson Coal Company: 72, 152 mine: 152 Timpson Lignite Company mine: 152 Southwestern Fuel k Manufacturing Titanic mines: 146 Company mine: 152 Titus County: 5, 38 Sparks Lignite Company mines: average compositionof lignite: 4 149, 151 description of samples: 139 Sparks mine: 151 lignite mines in: 153 specific gravity: 16, 18 lignite reserves: 21 Speer Lignite Company mines: 152 principallignite deposits in: 10 spontaneous combustion: 40 proximate analyses: 112 Stadnichenko et al. : 22, 46 ultimate analysis: 116 Standard Lignite Company mine: 151 Titus County Coal Company mines: 153 Starr County: 5 Titus mines: 153 State Mine Inspector: 5, 8, 67 toulene: 22 Stenzel, H. B. : 2, 5, 7, 38, 48, 51, trace elements: 22 70, 76 translucent attritus: 46 Stockard: 47 Tredlow: 148 Stone Coal Bluff: 36, 38 mine: 148 stratigraphic occurrence of lignite Tredlow Lignite Company mines: deposits: 3 146, 148, 151 sulfur: 13 Trinity County: 5, 13, 35 content: 17 lignite reserves: 21 Sulphur River: 36, 38, 62 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Sulphur Springs: 149 Trinity River: 5, 9, 13, 81 synthetic fibers: 22 Turlington: 40 Twining, J. T. : 2 Tanglewood: 50 tar, s: 19 United States Bureau of Mines: aromatic: 22 5, 8, 22 average analysis: 60 United States Geological Survey: 5, 8 bases: 22 utilization: 19, 22-23 distillate, composition of: 61 Uvalde: 153 paraffin in: 61 Uvalde County: 5, 74 yield: 22 lignite mine in: 153 Tatum: 64 Texas and New Orleans Railroad: 72 Valley Industries, Inc.: 85 Texas Board of Water Engineers: mine: 150 42, 67 van Reenan, W. J. : 2 Texas Briquette &c Coal Company Van Zandt County: 5, 75 mine: 151 average composition of lignite: 4 Texas Coal Companymine: 151 composition of ash from lignite Texas Fire Brick & Tile Company mined: 76 mine: 148 composition of gas distillate: 76 Texas Refining Companymine: 149 descriptionof samples: 139 Texas, Sabine Valley, and lignite mines in: 153 Northwestern Railroad: 40 lignite reserves: 21 164

Van Zandt County-- Winfield: 38, 153 principal lignite deposits in: 10 Winfield Lignite Fuel Company proximate analyses: 112 mines: 153 ultimate analysis: 116 Witcher mines: 151 Vaughan, T. W. : 79 Wood County: 5, 13, 16, 76, 77 viscosity control: 22 analyses of ash from: 77, 78 Vogel: 150, 151 average composition of lignite: 4 Vogel Coal & Manufacturing Company description of samples: 140-144 mine: 151 lignite mines in: 153-154 Vogel & Lorenz mine: 151 lignite reserves: 21 volatile matter content: 13 principal lignite deposits in: 10 proximate analyses: 112-113 Walker County: 85 ultimate analyses: 116-117 lignite reserves: 21 wood finishing, preservative: 22 Wallace & Hicks mine: 151 Wooters: 84 Walnut Creek: 67, 68, 70 mines: 149 Washington County: 85 Wooters Station: 83 lignite reserves: 21 Worley mines: 151 Watelsky mines: 149 Wright league, C. F.: 88 water treatment: 22, 23 Waugh Coal Company mine: 147 xylene: 22 Webb County: 5, 80 xylenol: 22 Weldon: 83 xyloid lignite: 2, 3, 23, 46 Western Securities Company mine: 151 Yegua Knobs: 50 Westmoreland Bluff: 82 Yegua lignites: 80 Whitcomb, Bruce: 40 reserves: 20, 21 Whiteoak Creek: 62 Yoakum Coal Company mine: 151 Wilcox Group: 24 Wilcox lignites: 24 Zavala County: 5, 78 reserves: 20, 21 average composition of lignite: 4 Wiley Spur mine: 146 description of samples: 145 Williamson County: 5, 80 lignite mines in: 154 Wilson County: 5, 80 proximate analyses: 114