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International Journal of Applied Ethics VOLUME -2 2013- 2014 Centre for Ethics and Values Ramanujan College, University of Delhi Centre for Ethics and Values, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi Published by Centre for Ethics and Values, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 INDIA Tel.: 26430192 Fax: 26421826 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ramanujancollege.ac.in Printed by Sudha Printing Press B-21/3, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase II, New Delhi 110020 Advisory Committee: Ÿ Daswani, C.J. Professor Emeritus, International Institute of Adult and Lifelong Education, New Delhi Ÿ Jay Drydyk, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, Professor of Philosophy Ÿ Kia Sherr, President, One Life Alliance, United States of America Ÿ Mishra, Sidharth Eminent Journalist, New Delhi Ÿ Motilal, Sashi Dept. of Philosophy, University of Delhi, Associate Professor Ÿ Per-Olof Thang, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Faculty of Education Ÿ Prasad, H.S. University of Delhi, Head, Department of Philosophy Ÿ Sharma, J.P. Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi Ÿ Singh, R.P. Jawaharlal Nehru University, Chairperson, Centre for Philosophy, School of Social Sciences, Delhi Ÿ Singh, Y.P. Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Former Head, Department of commerce Managing Editor: Dr.S.P.Aggarwal, Principal, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi; Editor: T.K.Mishra, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce; Assistant Editors: Bipin Kr.Tiwary, Jaikishan Parasher, Madhu Batta, M. I. Azmi, Sukhvinder Kaur EDITORIAL NOTE The Centre for Ethics and Values, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi is launching its second issue of 'International Journal of Applied Ethics (IJAE)'. Our aim is to reflect the views of the academia, community of ethicists, psychologists, researchers, professionals and spiritual seekers interested in the promotion of work-ethic, well-being of the individuals and cordial functioning of the society. The mission is to provide readers with outstanding articles that present international perspective and latest information, including best practices in the application of knowledge to the promotion of ethical values. It is an inter-disciplinary journal that covers diverse areas of applied ethics and universal values. Committed to practical approach, this issue includes papers on 'holistic personality development', 'responsibilities of educators', and 'ethical issues of development'. We are of the view that ethical values can and should include educational, practical and behavioural aspects of life. Journal is aimed to cover papers and reviews dealing with operational values and practical affairs in business, education, information and technology, environment, government, health care, law, politics and economics. The aim of the journal is to contribute to a better understanding of ethics and values-based issues by promoting research into various areas of applied ethics, and by providing researchers, professionals and students with a forum for dialogue and discussion on ethical dilemmas raised in contemporary society. It welcomes papers from scholars in the field of applied ethics and universal values, as well as papers from those in related disciplines or field of inquiry. EDITORIAL OBJECTIVES: IJAE is dedicated to promoting and disseminating a broad range of scholarly inquiry relating to the areas of values and ethics, and their relationship to theoretical construct and practice in society. It is believed that the areas of values and ethics remain a critically important subject for research. Exploring its practicability covering wide range of disciplined empirical and conceptual works should be of interest to both scholars as well as professional administrators. IJAE is a metaphor for professionally effective, ethically sound, and conscientiously reflective practices in society. Devoted to exercise that is knowledge-based and values conscious, the journal provides a forum for the publication and discussion of original research. It aims to examine ethical and universal concerns in research, teaching, administration, and governance. In response to the rapidly changing global environment, it also offers sustained inquiry into ethics, values, purposes, and functions of the institutions responsible for the creation and dissemination of knowledge. The journal offers holistic perspectives and best practices to deal with uncertainty and ambiguity in complex and diverse environments. It provides means and methods for celebrating diversity across cultures while ensuring local relevance. It attempts to enlighten individuals and organizations on social, cultural and environmental responsibility. It provides an international forum for the exchange of ideas, principles and processes concerning the application of human values to individuals, organizations, institutions and the world at large. It aims to achieve an authentic synthesis of Western and Eastern approaches to management of human values, at the individual and organizational levels by creating frameworks of knowledge and methods of application of the same. SUBMISSION INFORMATION: All articles will be reviewed by the editors to determine their suitability for this publication. In addition, at least two additional reviewers will conduct blind reviews of the article. MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS: The initial manuscript should be submitted electronically to the editor at the email address shown below. Manuscripts should be double spaced and leave wide margins. A separate page should be included which provides the author(s)'details, including contact information (address and e-mail). References and citations should be in alphabetical order, and chronological within alphabetical order. The editor reserves the right to make changes to the manuscript to ensure that it conforms to the style. Generally, manuscripts should be between 2,500 and 5,000 words in length. Prospective author(s) must include a statement which indicates they agree to the submission of the manuscript, and that the manuscript has not been published, and is not under consideration for publication, in part or in substance, elsewhere. The editor will communicate with the author(s) of accepted manuscripts to ensure that the final version of the article is not only acceptable with the author(s) but also complies with the journal's requirements and format. PUBLICATION DETAILS: International Journal of Applied Ethics (IJAE) is an independently published annual journal by the Centre for Ethics and Values of Ramanujan College. This journal is published both in traditional print format as well as on-line (http://www.ramanujan.college). On-line access to the journal articles is free but ethical diligence is expected when using any information contained in an article. CONTACT INFORMATION: Address all papers, editorial correspondence, and subscription information requests to: Principal, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi -110017: Tel. 011-26430192 E-mail: [email protected] SRINIVASA IYENGAR RAMANUJAN: AN EXEMPLARY SOUL Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician and autodidact who, with almost no formal training in pure mathematics, made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions. Ramanujan's talent was said by the English mathematician G.H. Hardy to be in the same league as legendary mathematicians such as Euler, Gauss, Newton and Archimedes. Born in India, Ramanujan first encountered formal mathematics at age 10. He demonstrated a natural ability, and was given books on advanced trigonometry . He mastered them by age 12, and even discovered theorems of his own. He demonstrated unusual mathematical skills at school, winning accolades and awards. By 17, Ramanujan conducted his own mathematical research on Bernoulli numbers and the EulerMascheroni constant. In 1912–1913, he sent samples of his theorems to three academics at the University of Cambridge. Only Hardy recognized the brilliance of his work, subsequently inviting Ramanujan to visit and work with him at Cambridge. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, dying of illness, malnutrition and possibly liver infection in 1920 at the age of 32. Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3900 results (mostly identities and equations). He stated results that were both original and highly unconventional, such as the Ramanujan prime and the Ramanujan theta function, and these have inspired a vast amount of further research. However, the mathematical mainstream has been rather slow in absorbing some of his major discoveries. Recently, Ramanujan's formulae have found applications in crystallography and string theory. The Ramanujan Journal, an international publication, was launched to publish work in all areas of mathematics influenced by his work. Ramanujan was a person with a somewhat shy and quiet disposition, a dignified man with pleasant manners. He lived a rather Spartan life while at Cambridge. Ramanujan's first Indian biographers describe him as rigorously orthodox. Ramanujan credited his acumen to his family Goddess, Namagiri of Namakkal. He looked to her for inspiration in his work, and claimed to dream of blood drops that symbolized her male consort, Narasimha, after which he would receive visions of scrolls of complex mathematical content unfolding before his eyes. He often said, "An equation for me has no meaning,