DOCSLIB.ORG

Bile Reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological Mechanism, Clinical Relevance and Therapeutic Implications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bile Reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological Mechanism, Clinical Relevance and Therapeutic Implications Bile reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications Citation for published version (APA): Koek, G. H. (2004). Bile reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications. Maastricht. https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20040206gk Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2004 DOI: 10.26481/dis.20040206gk Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.umlib.nl/taverne-license Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 08 Oct. 2021 Bile reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications © Ger H Koek, Maastricht 2004 ISBN 90-9017712-4 Cover design: Rik de Brauwer Production: Datawyse | Universitaire Pers Maastricht Bile reflux in GERD: Pathophysiological mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Maastricht, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, Prof. Mr. G.P.M.F. Mols, volgens het besluit van net College van Decanen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 6 februari 2004 om 14.00 uur door Ger H Koek Promotores Prof. dr. R.W. Stockbrugger Prof. dr. J. Tack (Leuven) Beoordelingscommissie Prof. dr. J.J. Manni (voorzitter) Prof. dr. J.P. Galmiche, Nantes Dr. J.W. Greve Prof. dr. P.W. de Leeuw Prof. dr. A.J. Smout, Universiteit Utrecht "Lucfor ef Emergo" Ter nagedachtenis aan mijn moeder, Voor mijn voder, Els, Astrid en Clara. Abbreviations ACT = acid clearance time AVCT = acid volume clearance time CCK = cholecystokinin Cmax = maximum count activity COX-2 = cyclooxygenase 2 DC = duodenal content DCCT = duodenal content clearance time DCVCT = duodenal content volume clearance time DGER = duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux DGR = duodeno-gastric reflux EG = esophago-gastric junction EGF = epidermal growth factor GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease H2 blockers = histamine 2 receptor antagonist HH = hiatus hernia LES = lower esophagus sphincter MLM = mixed liquid meal MMC = migrating motor complex PPI = proton pump inhibitor SAP = symptom association probability SI = symptom index SSI = symptom-sensitivity index ""Tc-HIDA = ""Tc-[N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid] TLESR = transient lower esophagus sphincter relaxation UES = upper esophagus sphincter VCT = volume clearance time Contents Chapter 1 Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux disease, a review. 9 Chapter 2 Aims of the study and outline of the thesis. 55 Chapter 3 Mechanisms underlying duodeno-gastric reflux in man. 59 Chapter 4 Esophageal clearance of acid and bile: a combined radionuclide, pH and Bilitec" study. 77 Chapter 5 Dietary restrictions during ambulatory monitoring of duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux. 93 Chapter 6 Analysis of ambulatory duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux monitoring. Ill Chapter 7 The role of acid- and duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux in symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease. 125 Chapter 8 Determining factors in the etiology of esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. 143 Chapter 9 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease refractory to proton pump inhibitors: acid reflux, bile reflux, or both? 169 Chapter 10 GABAg agonist Baclofen reduces gastro-esophageal reflux in patients with therapy resistant duodeno-gastro- esophageal reflux. 187 Chapter 11 General discussion and conclusions. 205 Chapter 12 Summary. 217 Chapter 13 Samenvatting. , 227 Dankwoord. 237 Curriculum vitae. 245 Publications. 249 Chapter i Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux disease, a review Chapter 1 10 Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux disease Introduction Diseases associated with the reflux of duodenal and gastric contents into the esophagus play an important role in the daily gastroenterological practice. In the Dutch society the general practitioner is the first to be confronted with typical or atypical reflux complaints. Many patients without alarm symptoms and signs as weight loss or dysphagia are treated empirically with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for 4-6 weeks. An endoscopist or gastroenterologist only sees those patients who are refractory to therapy or experience recurrent symptoms after stopping therapy. In this chapter a review is given about gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux disease (DGER); the signs and symptoms, the pathophysiology, the different methods to investigate reflux and the therapeutical options. Clinical expression of reflux A variety of symptoms are found in patients with reflux disease. The patient's medical history is the cornerstone to differentiate between typical and atypical reflux symptoms. The two most important typical symptoms are heartburn and acid regurgitation. Furthermore a number of atypical symptoms can be attributed to GERD as discussed below. In the clinical signs of reflux disease a difference can be made between esophageal and extra-esophageal manifestations for example esophagitis and asthma, respectively. Typical symptoms Heartburn, a retrosternal burning sensation that radiates towards the throat or mouth, is the most prominent symptom of reflux. It occurs after meals, in supine position and after bending over or heavy lifting. Eating and drinking of hot, spicy, acidic food or drinks often provokes it. Regurgitation is the effortless return of gastric content into the esophagus and frequently into the mouth. This fluid can be acid, food or bitter and can appear during the day or at night. Sometimes it causes acute dyspnea, choking and coughing. Less typical symptoms are chest pain in which a cardiac origin must be excluded and obstructive dysphagia that can be an alarm symptom of a mechanical obstruction. Non-obstructive dysphagia is a frequent sign 11 Chapter 1 — accompanying reflux disease, and is not necessary an alarm sign. Nonspecific upper gastrointestinal symptoms are nausea, dyspepsia, bloating, belching or indigestion.''^ Atypical symptoms Symptoms of reflux disease, which cannot be attributed to the esophagus, are called extra-esophageal or atypical symptoms. They point to involvement of other organs in reflux disease. Pulmonary symptoms that have been attributed to reflux disease include chronic cough, wheezing and dyspnoe at night.^ Reflux-related otorhinolaryngological and oral symptoms are hoarseness'', dysphonia, postnasal drip, globus feeling^, halitosis and water brash. These symptoms are probably caused by nocturnal reflux.* Esophageal manifestations of reflux Erosive esophagitis, esophageal strictures and motility disturbances, Barrett's esophagus^ and esophagus carcinoma® are structural lesions which are at least in part caused by reflux disease. Overwhelming evidence suggests that Barrett's esophagus is an acquired condition secondary to chronic GERD and DGER. Prospective studies in patients with frequent heartburn showed a prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in 11-12%.' With reflux symptoms once a week, a prevalence of Barrett's esophagus was found in 3.5%.' Regarding symptoms, only a few patients with severe Barrett's esophagus have no reflux symptoms. Extra-esophageal manifestations The extra-esophageal manifestations of reflux are now becoming more and more elucidated. Pulmonary expressions of reflux are asthma'°, nonallergic asthma", recurrent aspiration and pulmonary fibrosis. In 39% of the asthmatic patients an esophagitis was diagnosed.'^ Otorhinolaryngological abnormalities like vocal cord disease''*, chronic laryngitis, laryngeal and subglottis stenosis''', chronic middle ear disease'^, laryngeal cancer'*''', sinusitis, pharyngitis and otalgia are more often recognized and successfully treated with proton pump inhibitors. Dental erosions are potential oral complications of reflux.'® 12 Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux disease Epidemiology Epidemiological data about the prevalence of GERD are rather scarce. A recent investigation in Belgium showed that the prevalence of heartburn, as the most important GERD symptom, was experienced in 28.4% of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Surgical Management of Medicamentous Uncontrollable Biliary Reflux After Esophagectomy and Gastric Pull-Up
    Surgical management of medicamentous uncontrollable biliary reflux after esophagectomy and gastric pull-up Carina Riediger, Matthias Maak, Bruno Sauter, Helmut Friess, Robert Rosenberg To cite this version: Carina Riediger, Matthias Maak, Bruno Sauter, Helmut Friess, Robert Rosenberg. Surgical man- agement of medicamentous uncontrollable biliary reflux after esophagectomy and gastric pull- up. EJSO - European Journal of Surgical Oncology, WB Saunders, 2010, 36 (7), pp.705. 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.04.013. hal-00603550 HAL Id: hal-00603550 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00603550 Submitted on 26 Jun 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: Surgical management of medicamentous uncontrollable biliary reflux after esophagectomy and gastric pull-up Authors: Carina Riediger, Matthias Maak, Bruno Sauter, Helmut Friess, Robert Rosenberg PII: S0748-7983(10)00102-2 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.04.013 Reference: YEJSO 2962 To appear in: European Journal of Surgical Oncology Received Date: 13 July 2009 Revised Date: 22 April 2010 Accepted Date: 26 April 2010 Please cite this article as: Riediger C, Maak M, Sauter B, Friess H, Rosenberg R. Surgical management of medicamentous uncontrollable biliary reflux after esophagectomy and gastric pull-up, European Journal of Surgical Oncology (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.04.013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Primary Duodenogastric Bile Reflux on the Presence And
    medicina Article The Effect of Primary Duodenogastric Bile Reflux on the Presence and Density of Helicobacter pylori and on Gastritis in Childhood Mehmet Agin 1,* and Yusuf Kayar 2 1 Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Van Education and Research Hospital, 65300 Van, Turkey 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Van Education and Research Hospital, 65300 Van, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +90-50-6801-1083; Fax: +90-0-432-2175-600 Received: 25 September 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 5 December 2019 Abstract: Background and Objectives: Although there are many studies that investigate the relationship between duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and Helicobacter pylori in adult patients, the reported data are contradictory. In addition, there are very few studies in the literature investigating the relationship between DGR and H. pylori in the pediatric age group. In the present study, we investigated the effect of primary DGR on H. pylori and gastritis. Materials and Methods: A total of 361 patients who were referred to the clinic of our hospital with dyspeptic complaints who had an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy and a gastric biopsy were included in the study. Results: DGR was detected in 45 cases, and 316 cases that did not have DGR were considered as the control group. Comparisons were made between the DGR cases and the control group in terms of risk factors (age, gender), the presence and density of H. pylori, and the presence and severity of gastritis. The average age of the patients who were included in the study was 11.6 4.6 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Rosehill Blog Daniel Rosehill Blog Linux, Writing, and More
    7/6/2020 My Gallbladder Surgery Story. And: The Water Party Project | Daniel Rosehill Blog Daniel Rosehill Blog Linux, writing, and more M E N U 4 ADAR 5780 EDIT My Gallbladder Surgery Story. And: The Water Party Project Topics: alcohol Part One: My Gallbladder Surgery A lile more than seven months ago I underwent one of the most common surgical procedures in the world: a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Or in normal person English: I had my gallbladder removed (using “minimally invasive” keyhole surgery). What prompted a surgeon to extricate this apparently non-essenal organ from an otherwise relavely healthy 30 year old you might be wondering? Let me tell you the story. And aer I’m done, I’ll explain why, as a result of the operaon, I’m now asking people to meet me for glasses of water rather than pints of beer. Warning: I’ve tried to minimize some of the detail required to explain my recovery from the surgery. But at mes what I have wrien here probably qualifies, for many readers, as ‘too much informaon’. My Journey Towards Surgery For years, I had been having a recurrent ache in my right hand side that would come and go — but seemed to always return to the same place. Aer this happened several mes, I decided to see a family doctor. https://www.danielrosehill.co.il/myblog/my-gallbladder-surgery-story-and-the-water-party-project/ 1/20 7/6/2020 My Gallbladder Surgery Story. And: The Water Party Project | Daniel Rosehill Blog The family doctor did a lile bit of prodding and pushing but one parcular prod elicited a sharp pain (I later learned that this is called a posive Murphy’s sign).
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of CSVD in Alzheimer's Disease by Means Of
    Clinics of Oncology Research Article Effect of Pancreatic Juice and Bile Reflux to the Development of Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Rat Model Naoki Hashimoto* Department of Emergency Medicine, Kindai University, Japan Volume 1 Issue 5- 2018 1. Abstract Received Date: 08 Sep 2018 1.1. Aim: Reflux of duodenal contents contributes to the development of esophageal mucosal Accepted Date: 30 Sep 2018 lesion. Esophageal cancer after total gastrectomy has been associated with the reflux of duodenal Published Date: 08 Oct 2018 content ( biliary and pancreatic juice) into the esophagus. This study is to determine which frac- tion of the duodenum content, reflux, pancreatic juice or bile acids contributes to the develop- 2. Keywords ment of esophageal cancer. Pancreatic Juice; Bile acid; Esophageal Cancer; Reflux of 1.2. Methods: 8 week Wistar Rat were used. 1. Reflux of Pancreatic juice and Bile (TG): End-to- Duodenal Content end esophago-duodenostomy with total gastrectomy(n=27) was performed to produce pancre- atic juice and bile reflux. 2. Reflux of Pancreatic Juice (TG+B): End-to-end esophago-duoden- ostom with total gastrectomy. Then, a bypass operation of the upper bile duct was made 25cm below the esophagoduodenostomy anastomosis to produce only pancreatic reflux. Choledocho- jejunostomy was performed. (n=12) 3.Sham group (n=5). Forty weeks after operation, all rats were euthanized and the esophagus was evaluated histologically. Esophageal injury was evalu- ated by macroscopic and microscopic findings. 1.3. Results: 1.Macroscopic finding: In TG rats, the esophageal wall was thickened and sever inflammation. There was a small polypoid tumor in the lower esophagus in TG.
    [Show full text]
  • Endoscopical and Histological Features in Bile Reflux Gastritis
    Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 2005, 46(4):269–274 Endoscopical and histological features in bile reflux gastritis C. C. VERE1), S. CAZACU1), VIOLETA COMĂNESCU2), L. MOGOANTĂ2), I. ROGOVEANU1), T. CIUREA1) 1)Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova 2)Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Abstract Bile reflux gastritis is due to an excessive reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach. The increased enterogastric reflux may provide the basis for increased mucosal injury. Bile reflux gastritis can appear in two circumstances: gastric resection with ablation of pylorus and primary biliary reflux due to the failure of pylorus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the endoscopical and histological changes caused by duodenal reflux on the gastric mucosa. The mucosal features were correlated with the risk factors involved in the development of bile reflux gastritis. Our study included 230 patients with alkaline reflux gastritis admitted in Medical Clinic no. 1, Emergency County Hospital Craiova. In all cases we performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Multiple biopsies were taken from gastric mucosa in 89 patients and the histological features were scored in accordance with the Sydney system. The average age of the patients with bile reflux gastritis was 58.387 years and the incidence of alkaline reflux gastritis was higher between 51 and 80 years. Reflux gastritis was noted to 138 males (60%) and 92 females (40%), ratio males/females was 1.5/1. The most frequent risk factors for bile reflux gastritis were gastric and biliary surgery. Alkaline reflux gastritis was observed in 167 cases (72.6%) after gastric surgery, consisting in gastric resection, pyloroplasty and gastroenteric-anastomosis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Gallbladder Motility and the Presence of Enterogastric Reflux
    Nuclear Medicine Review 2002 Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 25–28 Copyright © 2002 Via Medica ISSN 1506–9680 Original The relationship between gallbladder motility and the presence of enterogastric reflux values (p < 0.05) are obtained in AGB than in IGB and FGB. Vera M. Artiko1, Hamzeh Chebib1, Nebojša Petrović1, Also, these values were in correlation with the functional status Milorad Petrović2, Predrag Peško2, Wladimir Y. Ussov3, of the GB (r = 0.284, p < 0.05). Vladimir Obradović1 CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that EGR occurs more fre- 1 Institute for Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Yugoslavia quently in the patients with afunctional GB in comparison with 2 Institute for Digestive Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, those with functional and decreased motor function. Also, EGR Yugoslavia quantity is in correlation with the impairment of the GB function. 3 Laboratory for Tomography and Magnetic Resonance, University of Tomsk, Russia Key words: gallbladder motility, enterogastric reflux, hepatobiliary scintigraphy Abstract Introduction BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was an estimation of the Patients with chronic cholecystitis and those after cholecystec- relation between the gallbladder (GB) motility function and the tomy suffer very often from dyspepsia with flatulence, belching, vom- presence and quantity of enterogastric reflux (EGR). iting and epigastric pain. These can be attributed to the enterogas- MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated 172 patients: 90 tric reflux (EGR) caused by impaired pyloric function, continuous flow with physiological GB function (filling and emptying) (FGB), 21 of bile into the duodenum [1, 2] or impaired duodenal motility. with impaired GB function (prolonged filling and ejection frac- In the physiological condition, the interdigestive motility of the tion < 45%) and 61 with afunctional gallbladder (AGB) (without gallbladder, duodenum and antrum is co-ordinated by the cyclic visualisation).
    [Show full text]
  • Subject: Gallbladder System: Biliary and Digestive System Language: Mandarin (Simplified)
    CCHI Mini-Glossary Project Glossary #5 Subject: Gallbladder System: Biliary and Digestive System Language: Mandarin (Simplified) # English Mandarin Translation Definition 1. Gallbladder 胆囊 A small pear-shaped sac located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. 2. Fundus of the 胆囊底 The part of the gallbladder that is farthest from the gallbladder opening. 3. Neck of the gallbladder 胆囊颈 The narrow portion between the body of the gallbladder and beginning of the cystic duct. 4. Hartmann's pouch 哈氏囊 A sphere- or cone-shaped pocket-like area at the junction of the neck of the gallbladder and the cystic Syn. Pelvis of duct. gallbladder 同义词：胆囊颈部的囊 5. Duct 管, 管道 A tube or vessel, a passageway. 6. Sphincter 括约肌 A ring-shaped muscle that surrounds a body opening or one of its hollow organs and that can tighten to close the opening or relax to open it. 7. Sphincter of Oddi 奥迪括约肌 A ring-shaped muscle surrounding the lower end of the common bile and pancreatic ducts as they cross 同义词：肝胰壶腹括约肌 the wall of the duodenum (small intestine). It controls the flow of the bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. 8. Bile 胆汁, 胆液 A greenish-yellow fluid that is essential for digesting fats and for eliminating worn-out red blood cells and certain toxins from the body. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. 9. Biliary system 胆道系统 The organs and ducts that create and store bile and release it into the duodenum (small intestine). The biliary system includes the gallbladder and bile ducts inside and outside the liver.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histological Findings in Patients with Bile Reflux Diseases: a Cross‑Sectional Study
    [Downloaded free from http://www.mmjonweb.org on Tuesday, August 27, 2019, IP: 10.232.74.26] Original Article Evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histological Findings in Patients with Bile Reflux Diseases: A Cross‑Sectional Study Sabeha Al‑Bayati, Ahmed Sahir Alnajjar1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriya University, 1Department of Internal Medicine, Al‑Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract Background: Bile reflux occurs when the bile flows upward from the duodenum to the stomach and esophagus. It occurs when the pyloric sphincter is damaged or fails to work correctly; bile can enter the stomach and then be transported into the esophagus as in gastric reflux. Objective: This study aims to evaluate clinical findings and the endoscopic and histological changes caused by bile reflux disease on gastric mucosa. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during the period from January 2016 to October 2016, upper endoscopy done to 50 patients in the Gastrointestinal Tract Center of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, in whom there is endoscopic evidence of bile reflux disease and biopsies from gastric mucosa were taken and send for histopathology and Helicobacter pylori examination. Results: Bile reflux was noted in 19 males (38%) and 31 females (62%). Bile reflux disease was more in age below 50 years (29 patients), more in the female, while after the age of 65 years, the male/female ratio was 1.5/1. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain. The most common endoscopic findings were gastric erythema.
    [Show full text]
  • New Causes for the Old Problem of Bile Reflux Gastritis
    ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT McCabe, Page 1 1 New Causes for the Old Problem of Bile Reflux Gastritis 2 Marshall E. McCabe, IV1; Christen K. Dilly1,2 3 1Indiana University School of Medicine 4 2Roudebush VA Medical Center 5 Indianapolis, IN 6 7 8 Grant support: none 9 Corresponding author: 10 Christen K. Dilly, MD, MEHP 11 Indiana University School of Medicine 12 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 13 702 Rotary Circle,MANUSCRIPT Suite 225 14 Indianapolis, IN 46202. 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 Telephone: (317) 988-2864 17 18 Disclosures: Neither author has any conflicts of interest to disclose. 19 Writing Assistance: The authors acknowledge Tom Emmett, MD, MLS, for his contributions to 20 the literature search. 21 Author contributions:ACCEPTED Both authors contributed to the planning, drafting, and critical revision of 22 the manuscript. Bile reflux gastritis ___________________________________________________________________ This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: McCabe IV, M. E., & Dilly, C. K. (2018). New Causes for the Old Problem of Bile Reflux Gastritis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.02.034 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT McCabe, Page 2 1 Introduction. 2 Bile reflux gastritis (also known as “duodenogastric reflux,” “biliary gastritis,” or “alkaline 3 reflux gastritis”) occurs when there is retrograde movement of bile into the stomach, leading to 4 clinical symptoms, endoscopic changes, and histologic features of a chemical (reactive) gastritis. 5 While William Beaumont first observed bile reflux in a patient with a gastrocutaneous fistula in 6 1833 1, it was not until gastric surgery became routine in the late 1800s that the clinical 7 importance of this problem was recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Helicobacter Pylori Infection Over Bile Reflux: No Influence on the Severity of Endoscopic Or Premalignant Gastric Lesion Development
    EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 22: 766, 2021 Helicobacter pylori infection over bile reflux: No influence on the severity of endoscopic or premalignant gastric lesion development ANDREEA SZŐKE1*, SIMONA MOCAN2 and ANCA NEGOVAN3* 1Department of Pathology, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 540061 Târgu Mureș; 2Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș; 3Department of Clinical Science‑Internal Medicine, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania Received March 12, 2021; Accepted April 12, 2021 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10198 Abstract. Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection and duodeno‑ did not influence the severity of endoscopic or premalignant gastric reflux (DGR) are both linked to endoscopic and gastric lesion development. Furthermore, smoking is directly premalignant gastric lesion development, but it is still unclear related to immunohistochemically assessed active H. pylori whether they are independent or have a causal relationship. infection in patients with bile reflux. This study investigated the histologic gastric changes in patients with primary DGR and H. pylori infection, as well Introduction as their endoscopic findings, symptoms, drug consump‑ tion, and social behavior in comparison with patients Duodenogastric reflux (DGR, bile reflux) consists of a retro‑ presenting only DGR. The study included 560 patients grade passage of alkaline duodenal and pancreatic content with primary DGR on endoscopy divided into two groups, into the stomach, which can lead to mucous barrier disruption according to the presence/absence of H. pylori infection on and direct chemical damage to the surface gastric epithe‑ biopsy (utilizing usual stainings and immunohistochemical lium. DGR is common after gastric surgery, cholecystectomy methods).
    [Show full text]
  • Biliary Hyperkinesia in Adolescents—It Isn't All Hype!
    8 Original Article Biliary hyperkinesia in adolescents—it isn’t all hype! Maggie E. Bosley1#^, Jillian Jacobson2#, Michaela W. G. Gaffley1, Michael A. Beckwith3, Samir R. Pandya4, James S. Davis4, Lucas P. Neff5 1Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; 2Department of General Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; 3Department of General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 4Division of Pediatric Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; 5Section of Pediatric Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Brenner Children’s Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: ME Bosley, J Jacobson, MWG Gaffley, SR Pandya, JS Davis, LP Neff; (II) Administrative support: ME Bosley, J Jacobson, MWG Gaffley, JS Davis, LP Neff; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: ME Bosley, J Jacobson, MWG Gaffley, SR Pandya, JS Davis, LP Neff; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: ME Bosley, J Jacobson, MWG Gaffley, JS Davis, LP Neff; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: ME Bosley, J Jacobson, MWG Gaffley, JS Davis, LP Neff; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Lucas P. Neff, MD. Section of Pediatric Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Brenner Children’s Hospital, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Email: [email protected]. Background: Biliary dyskinesia generally refers to a hypofunctioning gallbladder with an ejection fraction (EF) of <35% on hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan with cholecystokinin stimulation (CCK-HIDA testing). In adults, biliary hyperkinesia has a defined association with biliary colic symptoms and can be relieved with surgical intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Managing Persistent Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms During and After Treatment for Cancer
    OESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH Frontline Gastroenterol: first published as 10.1136/flgastro-2016-100714 on 14 October 2016. Downloaded from SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Guide to managing persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms during and after treatment for cancer H Jervoise N Andreyev,1 Ann C Muls,1 Clare Shaw,1 Richard R Jackson,1 Caroline Gee,1 Susan Vyoral,1 Andrew R Davies2 ▸ Additional material is ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION published online only. To view Background Guidance: the practical This guide is designed for all clinicians please visit the journal online (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ management of the gastrointestinal symptoms of who look after people who have been flgastro-2016-100714). pelvic radiation disease was published in 2014 treated for upper gastrointestinal (GI) for a multidisciplinary audience. Following this, a cancer. It is also designed for patients 1The GI and Nutrition Team, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation companion guide to managing upper who are experiencing upper GI symp- Trust, London and Surrey, UK gastrointestinal (GI) consequences was toms following any cancer treatment. 2 Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS developed. Some of these will be doctors, others Foundation Trust, London, UK Aims The development and peer review of an may be senior nurses and increasingly, Correspondence to algorithm which could be accessible to all types other allied health professionals. Dr H J N Andreyev, The GI Unit, of clinicians working with patients experiencing Some lower GI symptoms are also The Royal Marsden NHS upper GI symptoms following cancer treatment. included because these are common after Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK; j@ Methods Experts who manage patients with treatment for upper GI cancers.
    [Show full text]